【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题记叙文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十三（23页word版） 23页

2019 届二轮复习阅读理解专题记叙文类型模拟试题 10 篇训练之十三 [一] In the quest for better health, many people turn to doctors, selfhelp books or herbal supplements. But they overlook a powerful weapon that could help them fight illness and depression, speed recovery, slow aging and prolong life: their friends. Researchers are only now starting to pay attention to the importance of friendship and social networks in overall health. A 10year Australian study found that older people with a large circle of friends were 22 percent less likely to die during the study period than those with fewer friends. A large 2007 study showed an increase of nearly 60 percent in the risk for obesity among people whose friends gained weight. And last year, Harvard researchers reported that strong social ties could promote brain health as we age. "In general, the role of friendship in our lives isn' t well appreciated，" said Rebecca G. Adams, a professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. "There are a lot of things on families and marriage, but very little on friendship. It baffles me. Friendship has a bigger impact on our psychological wellbeing than family relationships." Bella DePaulo, a visiting psychology professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, whose work focuses on single people and friendships, notes that in many studies, friendship has an even greater effect on health than a spouse or a family member. It isn' t entirely clear why friendship has such a big effect. It may be because people with strong social ties also have better access to health services and care. Beyond that, however, friendship clearly has a profound psychological effect. People with strong friendships are less likely than others to get colds, perhaps because they have lower stress levels. Last year, researchers studied 34 students at the University of Virginia, taking them to the base of a steep hill and fitting them with a weighted backpack. They were then asked to estimate the steepness of the hill. Some participants stood next to friends during the exercise, while others were alone. The students who stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill. And the longer the friends had known each other, the less steep the hill appeared. "People with stronger friendship networks feel like there is someone they can turn to，" said Karen A．Roberto, director of the center for gerontology (老年医学) at Virginia Tech." Friendship is an undervalued resource. The consistent message of these studies is that friends make your life better." [语篇解读]如何保持身心健康？相信每个人对此都很感兴趣并能给出自己的答案。本文作者向我们介 绍了一个有利于身心健康的，很重要又长期被人们忽视的因素--友谊。 1．What' s the main idea of the passage? A. People should make friends as many as possible. B. Friendships do great good to human health. C. People with friends have optimistic attitude. D. Several studies have been done on friendships. [解析]主旨大意题。文章通过几个研究结果说明友谊在促进人类身心健康方面作用巨大。[答案]　B 2．Which of the following is true? A. People haven't attached importance to friendships. B. A friend can replace doctors and selfhelp books. C. People with many friends may have higher stress levels. D. People who have friends tend to be fat. [解析]正误判断题。从文章第三段可知，人们尚未认识到友谊对人们身心健康的重要性。其他选项均 与原文信息不符。[答案]A 3．The author mentioned the study in the last three paragraphs to indicate that ________. A. students should climb the steep hill with friends B. it takes a long time to make friends C. a friend in need is a friend indeed D. people accompanied by friends remain optimistic in the face of difficulty [解析]推理判断题。倒数第二段中"The students who stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill。"表明与朋友在一起的学生估计出来的坡度更小，这意味着他们面对困难能保 持相对乐观的心态。[答案]D 4．In Paragraph 2 the author aims to tell us ________. A. friendship has a strong physical effect on people's health B. we cannot be too careful when making friends C. older people are likely to have fewer friends D. 60 percent of the people without friends will become fat when they get old [解析]段落大意题。根据本段开头(主题句)可知答案。而且主题句后的三个研究结论都与"友谊影响身 体健康"有关。[答案]A 5．According to Karen A. Roberto, ________. A. the effect of friendships is overvalued B. studies on friendships make our life better C. friends are more important than family members D. friends can help each other when faced with problems [解析]推理判断题。由文章最后一段的第一句可推断出，有问题的时候朋友之间可以相互帮助，A、B、C 三项不符合原文。[答案]D [二] However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else. Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what they cost us in missed opportunities. Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends? This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost. For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there’s no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities. Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it’s human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time. In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money.” People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage: “value for time.” The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions. 58. According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to ________. A. making more money B. taking more opportunities C. reducing missed opportunities D. weighing the choice of opportunities 59. The “leftover ... time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ________. A. spared for watching the match at home B. taken to have dinner with friends C. spent on the way to and from the match D. saved from not going to watch the match 60. What are forgone opportunities? A. Opportunities you forget in decision-making. B. Opportunities you give up for better ones. C. Opportunities you miss accidentally. D. Opportunities you make up for. 参考答案：58-60:DCB [三] We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut inline: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service). Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things, and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, “First come, first served,”have an egalitarian(平等主义的) appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets. The principle seems right on play grounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it’s the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards. Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank:“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue. It’s as if th ecompany is trying to ease our impatience with fairness. But don’t take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some people’s calls are answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to“score”incoming call sand to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping. Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we’ve considered—at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors’offices, and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered. 58. According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle“First come, first served”? A. Taking buses. B. Buying houses. C. Flying with an airline. D. Visiting amusement parks. 59. The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates. A. the necessity of patience in queuing B. the advantage of modern technology C. the uncertainty of allocation principle D. the fairness of telephonic services 60. The passage is meant to___________ . A. justify paying for faster services B. discuss the morals of allocating things C. analyze the reason for standing in line D. criticize the behavior of queue jumping 58-60:ACB [四] Ask people in the UK what the words “Sunday roast” mean to them, and they’ll probably take you back to their grandmothers’ dining rooms—maybe with a few stories of “the greatest puddings” and “the best-ever steak” .But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days. According to the Daily Mail, just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly meal together. There are many reasons why the roast is becoming less popular. In the busy modern world, where breakfast is a slice of toast eaten on the way to work or school and lunch is a quick sandwich in front of the computer screen, people just don’t seem to have the time or patience to make a roast. And Sunday was once a day when people could easily go to the kitchen to cook.Nowadays,people are often out shopping or at the cinema until it’s far too late to start thinking about heating the oven(烤箱) up. However, a recent article from The Telegraph warned against being carried away by our tight schedules. It would be a shame to let this fine old tradition disappear. The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it. The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen, and the table becomes the perfect place to share good food and chat with family and friends .“For busy moms and dads, even if you can manage to turn off your mobile phone and the TV only once a week and turn the Sunday roast into a real family event, children can have fun cooking the food and clearing up together.” 【语篇解读】忙碌的生活方式导致传统的英国每周一次的家庭“周日烤肉”活动已经成为 过去时。现在,只有五十分之一的英国家庭仍然保持这个传统。 13.Which of the following is most probably the best title of this passage? A. Sunday—Best Time for Family B. Sunday Roast Dying Out C. It’s the Perfect Time for Us D. Let’s Sit Down Together 答案 B 解析主旨大意题。第一段中的“But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days. According to the Daily Mail, just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly meal together.”告诉人们:传统的英国每周一次的家庭“周日烤肉”活动已经成为过去时。 现在,只有五十分之一的英国家庭仍然保持这个传统。下文具体介绍了导致这种现象的原因。 故 B 项适合做该文标题。 14. Why do people pay less attention to Sunday roast? A. They have a busy lifestyle. B. They have no interest in cooking. C. They don’t think it worthwhile. D. They are living in the modern society. 答案 A 解析细节理解题。由第二段“There are many reasons why the roast is becoming less popular.In the busy modern world...people just don’t seem to have the time or patience to make a roast”可知,在 这个忙碌的现代世界里,人们似乎没有时间和耐心烤肉了。故可知,忙碌的生活方式是导致周 末烤肉大餐正在逐渐消失的原因。A 项正确。 15.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A. A recent article. B.A traditional kitchen. C. The fine old tradition. D. Sunday morning activities. 答案 C 解析词义猜测题。由第五段中的“The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it.The Sunday roast also makes for relaxing morning activities in the kitchen,and the table becomes the perfect place to share good food and chat with family and friends.”可知,周 日烤肉有助于人们在厨房里放松,餐桌成为了亲朋好友分享美食以及聊天的好地方。由此可 知,吃大餐只是周日烤肉的一部分,周日烤肉还可以让人们放松、交流等。故 it 指的是周日烤 肉这个老传统。C 项正确。 16.How does the author feel towards Sunday roast’s dying out? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Sorry. D. Uncertain. 答案 C 解析观点态度题。由文章对周日烤肉传统的介绍,尤其是最后一段的叙述可知,该传统活动是 一个有利于家人交流共处的好机会。所以,对于这项传统的逐渐消失,作者深表遗憾。故 C 项 正确。 [五] Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change—to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before. Landscape is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times through the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists. In the 1970s Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually sees. In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highway in the background. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of color photography to help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom. Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw reality in brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the Cro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests. To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods. Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Many and different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings. 【文章大意】本文通过对于不同时期艺术家的比较, 分析了艺术的一 个共同问题: “什么是真实”, 结论是虽然不同时期和地域的艺术表现 形式不同, 但都反映了当时人们的生存状态。 1. The underlined word “poetry” most probably means ________. A. an object for artistic creation B. an unusual quality C. a collection of poems D. a natural scene 【解析】选 B。词义猜测题。从第一段“to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before”可知艺术家力图创造一种从来没人 看到或者经历过的意境。既然是没有人看到过或者经历过, 那么应该 是一种不平常的东西。可知 B 选项正确。 2. Leslie’s paintings are extraordinary because ________. A. they draw attention to common things in life B. they look like works by 19th-century painters 来源:Z*xx*k.Com] C. they are close in style to works in ancient times D. they depend heavily on color photography 【解析】选 A。细节理解题。根据第二段“In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highway in the background. ”可以推断出 Leslie 的画表现的都是平时常 见的事物。可知答案选 A。 3. What is the author’s opinion of artistic reality? A. It does not have a long-lasting standard. B. It will not be found in future works of art. C. It is expressed in a fixed artistic form. D. It is lacking in modern works of art. 【解析】选 A。推理判断题。根据第三段“Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. ”可以推断 出每一代艺术家对于现实的理解和表现都是不同的, 也就是没有一 个永恒的标准。 4. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? A. History of the arts. B. Use of modern technology in the arts. C. Basic questions of the arts. D. New developments in the arts. 【解析】选 C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文通过对于不同时期 艺术家的比较, 分析了艺术的一个共同问题: “什么是真实”, 结论是 虽然不同时期和地域艺术的表现形式不同, 但都反映了当时人们的 生存状态。 [六] Digital technology—email and smart phones especially—have vastly improved workers’ ability to be productive outside of a traditional office. Even so, most white-collar work still happens in an office. One reason is that, according to findings of a new survey(调查) of office workers conducted by Wakefield Research for the IT company Citrix, most bosses are doubtful about remote working. Half of th e workers say their boss doesn’t accept it, and only 35 percent say it’s tolerated. Skeptical bosses will likely have their doubts reinforced(加深) by the same survey, which shows that 43 percent of workers say they’ve watched TV or a movie while “working” remotely, while 35 percent have done housework, and 28 percent have cooked dinner. It is true, however, that working at home makes people much more efficient(高效的), because it allows workers to take care of annoying housework while still getting their jobs done. It’s much faster, for example, to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the after-work rush. The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted reflects how far we haven’t come as a society from the days when we expected every full-time worker to be supported by a full-time homemaker. [来源:学科网 ZXXK] More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be missing a low-cost way to give workers something of value. Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who haven’t worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home. Under such circumstances, smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently. 【文章大意】远程办公极大地提高了员工的工作效率, 因为他们可以 兼顾工作与家务, 但大部分老板却持有怀疑态度, 因为他们认为员工 在家会做一些与工作无关的事情。作者认为公司应该采取更灵活的工 作时间。 1. Why do some employers hesitate to allow remote working? A. They fear losing control of their workers. B. They want to stick to their routine practice. C. They have little trust in modern technology. D. They are used to face-to-face communication. 【解析】选 A。推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知, 老板们担心员工 在家做一些与工作无关的事情, 掌控不了员工。故选 A。 2. What seems to be most workers’ attitude toward remote working? A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Reserved. D. Disapproving. 【解析】选 B。推理判断题。根据最后一段 Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who haven’t worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home. 可 知, 64%的被调查人员为了能够每周有一天在家工作的时间而宁愿放 弃奖金, 由此可知大部分是支持远程办公的。故选 B。 3. What does the author suggest smart firms do? A. Shorten their office hours. B. Give employees a pay rise. C. Adopt flexible work patterns. [来源:学§科§网] D. Reduce their staff’s workload. 【解析】选 C。细节理解题。根据最后一段 Under such circumstances, smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently. 可知, 作者建议公司应采取 灵活的工作模式。故选 C。 [七] How can we reduce the risk? There are four general approaches to dealing with volcanic(火山 的)dangers. We can try to keep the danger from occurring—often an impossible task. We can try to change its path or reduce its impact on existing development. We can take steps to protect future development. We can also do our best to have disaster response plans in place before they are needed. Removing the Threat Clearly, there is no way to stop an eruption. We can, however, attempt to reduce the eruption’s effects by strengthening structures, for example, building protective works such as walls to make lava(熔岩)flow away from developed areas. Such efforts can be and have been successful, but are of limited use in a large-scale(大范围的) eruption. Planning for the Future Protecting future development from volcanic dangers is a simple task. Before building houses, we should judge the risk. If the risk seems too great, a safer location should be found. This type of planning is very effective, but all too often, people are drawn to the lush(葱郁的), rolling land of a quiet volcano. [来源:学科 XXK] Disaster Preparedness(预案) When a volcano comes to life, a few weeks may not be enough to avoid a tragedy. Planning is the key to saving lives. Well before the warning signs occur, people must be educated about volcanic dangers. Escape plans must be in place. Communication between scientists, officials, the media, and the general public should be practiced. Emergency measures must be thought out and agreed upon. If you doubt the importance of these efforts, take another look at past volcanic tragedies, such as the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz. Communication failures left the town of Armero unprepared for escape. When a deadly mudflow came down the slope(斜坡), 21, 000 people—90 percent of the town’s people—die d. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了要采取哪些行动来减少火山喷发对我们 的影响和伤害。 1. The passage is intended for ________. A. the general public B. architects A. adventurers D. geographers 【解析】选 A。推理判断题。根据第一段 We can try to change its path or reduce its impact on existing development. 和第三段 Protecting future development from volcanic dangers is a simple task. Before building houses, we should judge the risk. 本文主要告诉我们的是如何避开 火山喷发的危险, 写作的对象不是建筑师, 不是冒险家也不是地理学 家, 所以本文是写给大众的。故选 A。 2. When building houses, people tend to ________. A. judge volcanic dangers carefully B. take volcanic dangers seriously C. live near a quiet volcano D. find a safer place far away from a volcano 【解析】选 C。细节理解题。根据第三段 This type of planning is very effective, but all too often, people are drawn to the lush, rolling land of a quiet volcano. , 可知人们经常被葱郁的坡地所吸引, 实际上那里 是火山经常存在的地方。故选 C。 3. The writer mentioned Nevado del Ruiz to prove ________. A. the failure to keep volcanic dangers from happening B. the importance of preparing for a volcanic eruption C. the bravery of the people in Armero Town D. the uncertainty of volcano’s damage 【解析】选 B。推理判断题。根据第四段 Planning is the key to saving lives. 可知在预防火山喷发时, 有计划性是很重要的; 再根据第五段 If you doubt the importance of these efforts, take another look at past volcanic tragedies, such as the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz. 中作者列 举 Nevado del Ruiz 的例子就是为了说明有计划的重要性。故选 B。 [八] Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. It could be something as simple as not getting the job you wanted, or getting fewer marks even after hard work. But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit. Once, a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed that he would not live. His mother was told that he was sure to die, for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body. Even if he were to survive, he would be lame throughout his life. But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame. Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just hung there, lifeless. Eventually he left the hospital. But his determination to walk was unshakable. At home, when he was not in bed, he had to stay in a wheelchair. One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence, firmly determined. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided. With his iron determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk on and off, then to walk by himself and then to run. He began to walk to school, and then run to school, to run for the joy of running. Later in college he was on the track team. In February 1934, in New York City's Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run - this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile. A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many, and his story, a brilliant evidence to how one can bounce back even when all difficulties are piled against one, to the degree that death seemed the preferable option. 24．The first paragraph is intended to ________ A．present an argument B．make preparations for statement C．arouse readers' interest D．function as a brief introduction 25．What was the doctor's opinion about Glenn? A．Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort. B．Great determination could make a difference to Glenn. C．There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive. D．Glenn could live a normal life with the upper halt" of his body. 26．What do we know about Glenn? A．Glenn took recovery exercise in hospital. B．Glenn inspired people with his moving story. C．Glenn won the first place in Marathon. D．Glenn organized a track team in college. 27．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Strengthen determination B．Stand up after failure C．Go after dreams D．Face difficulty bravely 参考答案：24—27 DCBB [九] We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude. As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don’t count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students? A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress. The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person’s true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: ‘I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.’ 1.The main idea of this passage is__________. [A] examinations exert a pernicious influence on education. [B].examinations are ineffective. [C] examinations are profitable for institutions. [D] examinations are a burden on students. 2.The author’s attitude toward examinations is_________. [A]detest. [B].approval. [C] critical. [D] indifferent. 3.The fate of students is decided by________. [A] education. [B].institutions. [C] examinations. [D] students themselves. 4.According to the author, the most important of a good education is________. [A] to encourage students to read widely. [B].to train students to think on their own. [C] to teach students how to tackle exams. [D] to master his fate. 5.Why does the author mention court? [A] Give an example. [B].For comparison. [C] It shows that teachers’ evolutions depend on the results of examinations. [D] It shows the results of court is more effective. 写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇类似分类写作的文章。罗列了考试种种恶果。作者首先指出考试难以测定人的真正 能力和水平，反而是适得其反。二是考试是忧虑的制造者，因为它决定了人的成败命运。三 是考试促使学校进行应试技巧教育，否定了教会人独立思考、扩大视野。四是教师或者说测 试人又累又饿，犯错误，还得在限定时间披阅成堆的试卷，他们的压力和考试者一样很大， 而他们的话――分数有份量，审判官的裁决，你有权上诉，而他们的裁决――一笔定终身。 最后引用“辍学者成为百万富翁”来点明测试这种形式对教育的坏影响。 答案详解 1. A 考试对教育具有有害的影响。文章第一段就点明：考试是测试记忆的好方法，是测试 在巨大压力下快速工作的技巧的好方法，却测不出一个人的真正能力和水平。第三段集中指 出：考试不是促进学生广泛阅读，反而限制其阅读；考试不能使学生追求更多的知识，而是 诱导学生进行应付考试的突击式学习。他们降低了教学水平，因为他们剥夺了老师的一切自 由。常常以考试结果而不是所教课程来评定老师，是他们不得不以他们所轻视的考试技巧来 培训学生。第二段和第四段也涉及其后果。 2. C 批评的。第一段中作者明确指出，考试方法依旧，不能测出人的能力和水平。第二段 点名，这种无用的考试决定人生的成败。第三段说考试最成功的考试者经常不是最佳的受教 育者，他们是在胁迫下最佳获得考试技巧者，而好的教育应能培养人的独立思考。第四段涉 及阅卷者又累又饿，常犯错误，不得不在限定时间披阅一大堆匆忙中七扭八歪写出的卷子。 最后一句“我过去是一个是来岁的辍学者，现在我是一个年轻的百万富翁”画龙点睛地指出， 考试指挥下的教育的失败。这一切都说明作者对考试的批评态度。 A.嫌恶，厌恶。此答案从意义上说是对的。但语法不通，因为这是个东西，而 is 后要求是 名词或形容词。B.赞成。D.漠不关心的。 3. C 考试。答案在第二段，考试是最终忧虑制造者，那是因为许多事情取决于考试：它们 是我们社会中成功或失败的标志。你的未来可能全取决于这决定性的一天。 4. B 培养学生进行独立思考。第三段第一句话点明：好的教育应该是培养学生自己独立思 考。 5. B 作对比，答案在最后一段倒数第二句“审判官裁决后，你有权力上诉，而披阅考卷人给 分后，学生可没有上诉权”后面又谈及“一想到考试只对进行考试的机构有礼，未免太自私了。 这酒是最终分析归纳的东西。”所以作者呼吁，可定还有许多更简便，更有效的评估人真正 能力的方法。 A.给出一个例子。C.表示老师是由考试结果评定好坏。这是第三段讲的不分内容，教师他们 自己常由考试结果而不是所教课程优劣来评定。所以他们不得不对学生进行应试技巧教育， 降低教学水平。D.表明审判官裁决更有效。 [十] How could faith beget such evil? After hundreds of members of a Ugandan cult, the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God, died in what first appeared to be a suicidal fire in the village of Kanungu two weeks age, police found 153 bodies buried in a compound used by the cult in Buhunga, 25 miles away. When investigators searched the house of a cult leader in yet another village, they discovered 155 bodies, many buried under the concrete floor of the house. Then scores more were dug up at a cult member’s home. Some had been poisoned; others, often-young children, strangled. By week’s end, Ugandan police had counted 924 victims – including at least 530 who burned to death inside the sealed church – exceeding the 1978 Jonestown mass suicide and killings by followers of American cult leader Jim Jones that claimed 913 lives. Authorities believe two of the cult’s leaders, Joseph Kibwetere, a 68-year-old former Roman Catholic catechism teacher who started the cult in 1987, and his “prophetess, ” Credonia Mwerinde, by some accounts a former prostitute who claimed to speak for the Virgin Mary, may still be alive and on the run. The pair had predicted the world would end on Dec. 31, 1999. When that didn’t happen, followers who demanded the return of their possessions, which they had to surrender on joining the cult, may have been systematically killed. The Ugandan carnage focuses attention on the proliferation of religious cults in East Africa’s impoverished rural areas and city slums. According to the institute for the study of American religion, which researches cults and sects, there are now more than 5,000 indigenous churches in Africa, some with apocalyptic or revolutionary leanings. One such group is the Jerusalem Church of Christ in Nairobi’s Kawangwara slums, led by Mary Snaida-Akatsa, or “mommy” as she is known to her thousands of followers. She prophesies about the end of the world and accuses some members of being witches. One day the brought a “special visitor” to church, an Indian Sikh man she claimed was Jesus, and told her followers to “repent or pay the consequences.” Most experts say Africa’s hardships push people to seek hope in religious cults. “These groups thrive because of poverty,” says Charles Onyango Obbo, editor of the Monitor, an independent newspaper in Uganda, and a close observer of cults. “People have no support, and they’re susceptible to anyone who is able to tap into their insecurity.” Additionally, they say, AIDS, which has ravaged East Africa, may also breed a fatalism that helps apocalyptic notions take root. Some Africans turn to cults after rejecting mainstream Christian churches as “Western” or “non-African.” Agnes Masitsa, 30, who used to attend a Catholic church before she joined the Jerusalem Church of Christ, says of Catholicism: “It’s dull.” Catholic icons. Yet, the Ugandan doomsday cult, like many of the sects, drew on features of Roman Catholicism, a strong force in the region. Catholic icons were prominent in its buildings, and some of its leaders were defrocked priests, such as Dominic Kataribabo, 32, who reportedly studied theology in the Los Angeles area in the mid-1980s. He had told neighbors he was digging a pit in his house to install a refrigerator; police have now recovered 81 bodies from under the floor and 74 from a field nearby. Police are unsure whether Kataribabo died in the church fire. Still, there is the question: How could so many killings have been carried out without drawing attention? Villagers were aware of Kibwetere’s sect, whose followers communicated mainly through sign language and apparently were apprehensive about violating any of the cult’s commandments. There were suspicions. Ugandan president Yoweri Mseveni told the BBC that intelligence reports about the dangerous nature of the group had been suppressed by some government officials. On Thursday, police arrested an assistant district commissioner, the Rev. Amooti Mutazindwa, for allegedly holding back a report suggesting the cult posed a security threat. Now, there are calls for African governments to monitor cults more closely. Says Gilbert Ogutu, a professor of religious studies at the University of Nairobi: “When cult leaders lose support, they become dangerous.” 1.Why did so may Ugandans die in faith? [A] Many of them were killed for asking for the return of their possessions. [B].They found the cult’s leaders had cheated them. [C] They lost faith in cults. [D] They are willing to die. 2.The main reason of people’s joining the cults is [A] poverty. [B].insecurity. [C] AIDS. [D] fatalism. 3.What does Mary Snaide Akatsa prophesy? [A] She prophesies the world will be flooded. [B].She prophesies the world will be in fire. [C] She prophesies about the end of the world. [D] She prophesies he followers should die in faith. 4.Why do some Africans reject Christian Churches? [A] They feel Christianity is dull. [B].They reject Christian Churches as Western or non-African. [C] They are susceptible. [D] They are dangerous persons. 5.How could so many killing have been carried out without drawing attention? [A] The cult acted secretly. [B].The government officials did not see through its dangerous nature. [C] There were no preventive measures. [D] People were frightened. 写作方法与文章大意 文章以因果写作方法，先提出各种邪教残害的人数，然后一一点出邪教兴起的原因：人民贫 穷、艾滋病之猖獗，为宿命论提供了温床。加上邪教头目种种欺骗手段：如世界末日来临利 用一些正教教义或以基督、圣母玛利亚的身份出现控制、麻木信徒，一旦欺骗手段暴露信徒 就惨遭杀害。 答案详解 1. A 许多人由于要归还他们的财产而遭到杀害。答案见第二段倒数第二句，这一对邪教领 袖曾预言世界将于 1999 年 12 月 31 日借宿――世界末日来临。结果并没有发生，追随者就 要求归还他们在入教时献上的一切，而遭到有计划有步骤地杀害。 B. 他们发现邪教头目欺骗他们。这只是起因之一，如果发现后不吭声也许不会遭劫。C.他 们对邪教失去了信任。D. 他们愿意去死。 2. A 贫穷。主要原因就是穷。答案见第四段。许多专家认为非洲之艰苦生活促使人民在邪 教中寻找希望。这些邪教群体之兴起就是因为贫穷。人民没有支柱、保障，很容易受影响。 任何人都可利用他们不安的情绪。其次艾滋病在东非之猖獗，培育出宿命论观点，从而帮助 预示可怕事情即将来临的思想扎根于心灵。 B.不安全。C.艾滋病。D.宿命论。 3. C 她预言世界末日。 A.她预言世界将遭水淹。B.她预言世界将烧光。D.她预言她的追随者将死于信仰。 4. B 他们把基督教会视为西方的或非非洲的而拒之门外。见第五段：有些非洲人在把基督 教会视作西方的或非非洲的而拒之门外后皈依邪教。 A.认为基督教非常沉闷单调。C.他们易受影响。D.他们是一伙危险人物。 5. A 邪教行动神秘。例：第一段中描述的好几百乌干达邪教组织成员死于初看好像是自杀 性的火焰之中（自焚），在一个场院诱发现了 153 具尸体，在搜查邪教头目的房子中又发现 了 156 具尸体，许多埋于房子的混凝土地板下面，还有好几十具从邪教成员家中挖出，其中 有些人被毒死。其他，特别是孩子都是扼杀（窒息而死）。共计 924 人，至少有 530 人烧死 在封闭的教堂里。倒数第三段，乌干达世界末日邪教一个头目――免去圣职的牧师，据说 80 年代中他研究神学，他告诉邻居他在家挖一个地窖放冰箱。现在警察发现地板下 81 具尸体， 附近一场地 74 具尸体。上述两例都是神秘杀害，至于要归还财产之人更遭神秘杀害了。 B.政府官员没有看出邪教的危险性（原因之一）。C.没有防范措施。D.人民害怕。