- 1.02 MB
- 2021-05-21 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ:403074932
专 题 突 破
第 二 部 分
专题四 语法填空
【考点分析
】
全国卷
3
年考点分布表
【结论
】
从以上表格可以看出,考查形式主要为
“
有提示词
”
和
“
无提示词
”
,比例基本上分别是
7
个和
3
个。
“
有提示词
”
部分以考查
“
谓语动词
(
含非谓语动词部分
)
”
为重点,每套试题基本上是
4
个,三年总共出现了
37
次!而
2019
年和
2018
年的卷
Ⅱ
都达到了
5
个!
“
词类转换
”
出现的频率次之,三年共出现
15
次。
“
比较等级
(
含最高级
)
”“
代词
(
的格
)
”
也经常出现在试题中。在
“
无提示词
”
部分,
“
冠词
”
出现最多,为
7
次;近两年来,
“
关系词
”
在三套试题中均出现了一次,真正成了常见的考查内容。介词和连词也是考查的重要方面,值得引起我们的高度重视。
总之,
“
语法填空
”
所涉及的考点都是最基本的词汇和语法知识,主要考查词类转换、谓语动词,兼顾名词、冠词、介词、连词等的考查。
注:
为了方便统计,加之人称代词属于实词类,尽管
2017
年卷
Ⅱ
的第
67
题是以
“
无提示词
”
的形式考查的人称动词
it
,本书仍将其归到了
“
有提示词
”
的
“
代词
(
的格
)
”
方面,特此说明。
【展望
2020
】
根据上面的规律和分析可知,
2020
的
“
语法填空
”
在文章体裁、长度等方面仍然会保持相对的稳定,在考题涉及方面仍然会以词类转换、谓语动词等为主要考查对象。因此,考生在平时的训练中,应切实加强
“
四个必考点
(
连词、谓语动词、非谓语动词、词类转换
)
”
和
“
四个常考点
(
冠词、介词、比较级、名词的复数
)
”
的练习,同时,适当注意
“
四个可考点
(
代词、助动词、情态动词、连接性副词
)
”
即可。
栏
目
导
航
02
高 考 例 析
03
追 踪 练 习
04
课 后 作 业
01
考 点 突 破
01
考 点 突 破
(2019
全国
Ⅰ
卷
)
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°
,
there is evidence __
1
__ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bayin
Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been __
2
__ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000
-
25,000 polar bears worldwide.
02
高 考 例 析
Modern methods __
3
__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid
-
1980s, and are expensive __
4
__ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut
__
5
__ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a __
6
__ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by __
7
__ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(
聚集
) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(
错觉
) that populations are __
8
__ (high) than they actually are. Of __
9
__ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six __
10
__ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【语篇解读
】
本文是一篇科普类说明文,介绍了北极熊的生存现状。
【思路点拨
】
1
.
that
考查关系词。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为
there be
句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词
evidence
内容,故填
that
。
2
.
poorly
考查副词。根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用副词
poorly
修饰谓语动词
“
has been studied”
,意为
“
研究很少
”
。
3
.
of
/for
考查介词。此处
“
tracking polar bear populations”
作
Modern methods
的定语,用
of
连接,
methods of doing sth
意为
“
做某事的方法
”
,构成固定结构。也可理解为
“
对于跟踪北极熊的方法
”
用
for
。故填
of/
for
。
4
.
to perform
考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,意为
“
跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的
”
,故此填
to perform
。
5
.
have reported
考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语
“
in recent years”
可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填
have reported
。
6
.
belief
考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知,空格处为名词形式,故填
belief
。
7
.
noting
考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词
by
可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填
noting
。
8
.
higher
考查形容词比较级。根据其后
“
than they actually are”
可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填
higher
。
9
.
the
考查冠词。此处为特指,意为
“
在已知的
19
个北极熊亚种群中
”
,故填
the
。
10
.
are
考查谓语动词。根据
“
three are declining”
,此处数词
six
作主语,代指前文中的
“
polar bear subpopulations”
,故用复数谓语,一般现在时,需填
are
。
(2018
全国卷
Ⅰ
)
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __
1
__(long) than non
-
runners.You
don't have to run fast or for long__
2
__(see)the benefit.You
may drink, smoke
,
be overweight and still reduce your risk of __
3
__ (die) early by running.
While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it __
4
__ (be) more effective at lengthening life __
5
__ walking, cycling or swimming.Two
of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __
6
__ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __
7
__ (cause)
.
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But
otherwise
…
it's probably running.To
avoid knee pain
,
you can run on soft surfaces
,
do exercises to __
8
__(strength)your leg muscles(
肌肉
), avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running
is cheap
,
easy and it's always __
9
__ (energy)
.
If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __
10
__ a try.
【语篇解读
】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处,它可以帮助人们延年益寿。
【思路点拨
】
1
.
longer
考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示:经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活
3
年。根据
than
可知,应用比较级,故填
longer
。
2
.
to see
考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语,故填
to see
。
3
.
dying
考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重,但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处
of
是介词,其后用动名词。故填
dying
。
4
.
is
考查动词的时态。医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实,故用一般现在时。故填
is
。
5
.
than
考查比较句型。解析见上题。根据文章中的
“
more effective”
可知,此处填
than
。
6
.
that/which
考查定语从句的关系词。此处
“
a study”
是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填
that
或
which
。
7
.
causes
考查名词复数。一项研究表明,仅仅每天
5
到
10
分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填
causes
。
8
.
strengthen
考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处
to
是不定式,其后用动词原形。故填
strengthen
。
9
.
energetic
考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据
“
it's”
可知,系动词后用形容词作表语。故填
energetic
。
10
.
it/running
考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处
give it a try
意为
“
试试
”
。此处
it
也可以指
running
。故填
it
或
running
。
【温馨提示
】
本文比较难的一个题是
10
题
(
根据命题者设计此题的意图,本书倾向于本题答案为
it
,并将其归纳到
“
无提示词
”
部分
)
。短语
give it a try
不容易想出来。
give a try
试试。
give sb. sth.; give sth. to sb
.
这些短语学生都很清楚。但
give
后加
it
或
sth
.
的变化形式,比较少见。因此,我们在加大阅读的同时,多注意语言方面的特殊表达;同时高考复习要尽可能多地复习相关的短语,尤其是用得比较多而课本中出现较少的短语。
03
追 踪 练 习
(2019
全国卷
Ⅱ
)
A 90
-
year
-
old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for
1.
______ (be)Britain's
oldest full
-
time employee
—
still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield
,
2.
______ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have
3.
______ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (
提名
) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award
,
proud Irene
4.
______ (declare) she had no plans
5.
______ (retire) from her 36
-
year
-
old business. Irene said
,
“
I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I
6.
______ (make) over the years. I work not because I have to,
7.
______ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31
—
who works alongside her in the family business
—
said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said
,
“
We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call
8.
______ (say) she was short
-
listed
,
we thought it was
9.
______ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's
10.
______ (wonder)
.
”
【语篇解读
】
本文记叙了
90
岁高龄的
Irene
因一直坚持工作而被评为
Woman of the Year
。
1
.
being
介词
for
后面接名词或动名词,故填
being
。
2
.
which
此句为非限定性定语从句,用
which
来引导,指代
“
pet shop
”
,故填
which
。
3
.
finally
空格处修饰动词,应填副词,故填
finally
。
4
.
declared
因事情发生在过去,且后半句动词用
had
,可知该句时态为一般过去时,故填
declared
。
5
.
to retire
have no plans to do sth
表示
“
没有做某事的计划
”
,故填
to retire
。
6
.
have made
根据时间状语
“
over the years
”
,可推出该句应用现在完成时态,故填
have made
。
7
.
but
此处句意为
“
我工作不是因为我必须做,而是因为我想做
”
,表示转折,故填
but
。
8
.
saying
现在分词与
call
为主动关系,故填
saying
。
9
.
a
joke
是可数名词,前面需要填不定冠词
a
或
an
,
joke
以辅音音素开头,故填
a
。
10
.
wonderful
此处用形容词作表语,故填
wonderful
。
04
课 后 作 业
谢
谢
观
看