【英语】2018届语法二轮复习名词性从句（含解析）教案（9页） 11页

‎2018届语法二轮复习 名词性从句 ‎ 要点回顾 一、各种名词性从句的定义 ‎①What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主语从句；what作主语)‎ 她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。‎ ‎②In recent years, there has been a heated argument about whether it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.(宾语从句)‎ 近几年来，关于儿童是否应该从早年学英语有激烈的争论。‎ ‎③When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.(同位语从句)‎ 当战争的消息传来时，他决定参军。‎ ‎④—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.‎ ‎—That’s where I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.(表语从句)‎ ‎——在周日我喜欢把自己关在家里一整天听音乐。‎ ‎——那就是我不赞同的地方，你应该拥有更积极的生活。‎ ‎1．主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。‎ ‎2．宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句叫宾语从句，位于及物动词、介词或形容词后。‎ ‎3．同位语从句：跟在一个抽象名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明。‎ ‎4．表语从句：在复合句中作表语的名词性从句叫表语从句，放在系动词之后。‎ 二、that引导的名词性从句 ‎1．that引导主语从句 ‎①That you didn’t know the rules won’t be an excuse for your failure.(2014·江西抚州适应性测试)‎ 你不知道规则不能成为你失败的借口。‎ ‎②It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.‎ 显而易见学生应该对未来做好准备。‎ ‎③It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.‎ 已经定下来了，会议推迟到了下周一。‎ 连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可省略。‎ ‎(1)that引导主语从句位于句首时，that无意义，但是不可省略。‎ ‎(2)that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：‎ ‎①It＋be＋形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)＋that从句。‎ ‎②It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)＋that从句。‎ ‎③It＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)＋that从句。‎ ‎2．that引导宾语从句 ‎①Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.(2013·北京高考)‎ 专家认为可以通过只有必须时才购物这一方法减少食物的浪费。‎ ‎②He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.‎ 他是个好学生，就是有点粗心。‎ ‎③He has made it clear that he will not give in.‎ 他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。‎ ‎(1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。‎ ‎(2)that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in的宾语。‎ ‎3．that引导表语从句和同位语从句 ‎①My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning.(表语从句)‎ 我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。‎ ‎②I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.(同位语从句)(2012·浙江高考)‎ 我给自己做出承诺：今年，我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。‎ ‎(1)that引导表语从句时，一般不省略。‎ ‎(2)that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词如fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，一般不省略。‎ 三、whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句 ‎①It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. (2012·山东高考)‎ 在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。(主语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ ‎②I didn’t know whether/if he would attend the concert.‎ 我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。(宾语从句，可用if代替whether)‎ ‎③The question is whether it is worth trying.‎ 问题是值不值得试一试。(表语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ ‎④He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.‎ 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。(同位语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ ‎⑤It depends on whether you can do the work well.‎ 那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。(宾语从句，不可用if代替whether)‎ whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。‎ ‎1．与or或or not连用时只能用whether ‎2．从句作介词宾语时只能用whether ‎3．在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。‎ 四、who, why, how, where, when等引导的名词性从句 ‎①It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.‎ 我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。‎ ‎②Scientists study how human brains work to make computers.(2012·四川高考)‎ 科学家研究人类的大脑是如何运作的以制作电脑。‎ ‎③Some students even have no idea of why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.(2014·福州质检)‎ 有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习，所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。‎ ‎④It hasn’t been made clear when the new underground line is to be open to traffic.(2014·皖南八校联考)‎ 新的地铁线路何时开放还不清楚。‎ ‎⑤I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything.(2014·开封高中模考)‎ 恐怕他是夸夸其谈而非埋头实干的人，这就是他一事无成的原因。‎ ‎1．特殊疑问词引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。‎ ‎2．能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see, tell,‎ ‎ ask, answer, know, decide, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。‎ ‎3．以上疑问词可引导介词宾语从句。‎ ‎4．特殊疑问词还可引导表语从句和同位语从句。‎ 五、what, whever引导的名词性从句 ‎①What struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.(2013·重庆高考)‎ 影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深厚的爱。‎ ‎②Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(主语从句)‎ 任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。‎ ‎③There are various things on sale, so you can choose whatever interests you.(宾语从句)‎ 有各种各样的物品在出售，所以你可以选择你感兴趣的任何东西。‎ ‎④Whatever/No matter what you say, I will not believe you.(让步状语从句)‎ 无论你说什么，我都不相信。‎ ‎1．what引导名词性从句时，what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。‎ ‎2．“疑问词＋ever”可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。whoever与whatever表泛指，意为“无论谁”，“无论什么”；whichever表示在特定范围内选择，意为“无论……的哪一个/哪一些”。‎ ‎3．“疑问词＋ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎4．“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。‎ 六、同位语从句与定语从句的区别 ‎①The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.‎ 他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(此句为同位语从句，进一步解释“the news”的内容)‎ ‎②The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.‎ 你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)‎ ‎1．同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词that只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可省略。‎ ‎2．定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。‎ ‎ 考点搜索 考点一主语从句 ‎1．(2014·荆州调研)What_struck_me_most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.(strike)‎ 这部电影最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。‎ ‎2．(2014·湖北荆州质量检测)It_remains_to_be_seen whether Legend of Zhen Huan, a favorite among Chinese viewers, will be accepted by foreign audiences.(remain)‎ 备受中国观众喜爱的电视剧《甄嬛传》能否被外国观众接受还有待观察。‎ 考点二宾语从句 ‎3．At first, they took it for granted that_everyone_had_access to the library.(have)‎ 一开始，他们想当然地认为每个人可以进入那家图书馆。‎ ‎4．With the rapid development of science and technology, I can't imagine what_my_hometown_will_be/look_like in ten years.(what)‎ 随着科技的快速发展，我无法想象十年后我的家乡会是什么样子。‎ 考点三表语从句 ‎5．What my father often tells me is that_what_makes a girl shine is not her looks but her personality.(make)‎ 我父亲经常告诉我：让一个女孩儿耀眼的不是她的外表而是她的个性。‎ ‎6．(2014·湖北黄冈中学五月调考)The kids are not interested in this subject, which is where_the_problem_lies.(lie)‎ 孩子们对这门功课不感兴趣，这是问题所在。‎ 考点四同位语从句 ‎7．(2014·湖北襄阳三月调考)Honestly speaking, I have no idea whether_I_can_pass the driving test at the first attempt.(pass)‎ 说实话，我不知道我是否能够在驾驶考试中一次过关。‎ ‎8．The order when_we_(should)_return hasn't reached us, so we don't know whether we have the time to visit you.(return)‎ 我们没有接到什么时候返回的命令，所以我们不知道是否有时间去看你。‎ ‎9．(湖北高考)The news that_house_prices_will_fall has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.(fall)‎ 房价将要下跌的消息已经导致许多人以较低价将房子卖掉了。‎ 考点五whever引导的名词性从句 ‎10．(2014·宜昌调研)Whichever_one_of_you_breaks_the_window will have to pay for it.(break)‎ 你们中任何一个人打破窗户都必须赔偿。‎ ‎ 综合检测 ‎1．No judgment will be made about whether_the_man_is_guilty_of the crime until the whole case has been investigated.(guilty)‎ 只有整个案件调查完毕之后才能判定这个人是否有罪。‎ ‎2．It is more and more commonly realized by people that however/no_matter_how_wealthy_‎ you_are,_it cannot match a healthy body.(wealthy)‎ 人们越来越普遍地认识到，无论你多么有钱，也比不上有一个好身体。‎ ‎3．Decades of reform and openingup has made our motherland what_she/it_is_now.(what)‎ 几十年的改革开放使得我们祖国发展成为现在的样子了。‎ ‎4．There's no need to severely care about what_doesn't_belong_to_you.(belong)‎ 不属于你的，又何必拼了命的去在乎。‎ ‎5．A growing number of people express a strong desire that_they_(should)_take_(up)/to_‎ take(up) another job to get more money to support their family.(take)‎ 越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。‎ ‎6．The question is whether_we_can_reduce the cost of the product.(reduce)‎ 问题是我们能否降低产品的成本。‎ ‎7．(2014·武昌区调研)“What_we_found_interesting was just how often people were using their mobile phones.” Dr Daniel Kruger, the study's coauthor, said.(find)‎ 丹尼尔·克鲁格博士是本次研究的合著者，他说：“我们发现有趣的是人们如此频繁地使用手机。”‎ ‎8．(2014·黄石调研)That_he_was_not_invited/His_not_being_invited to the conference surprised us, since he was an important figure in this field after all.(invite)‎ 他没有被邀请参加会议很让我们吃惊，毕竟他是这一行业的重要人物。‎ ‎9．(2014·湖北华师一附中高三模拟)He turned a deaf ear to what_I_had_said,_addicted to playing gambling.(what)‎ 他对我曾经说过的话充耳不闻，一味沉溺于赌博。‎ ‎10．(2014·湖北黄梅一中高三测试)The representatives all applauded his proposal that_each_child_(should)_have_equal_access_to education.(access)‎ 代表们都赞同他的提案，即每个孩子都应有平等的机会接受教育。‎ ‎11．(2013·湖北高考压轴卷)Dad has given up smoking, saying he just did what_he_should_‎ have_done ten years ago.(do)‎ 爸爸戒烟了，说自己只是做了十年前就该做的事。‎ ‎12．(2014·湖北荆门高三调研)Building a wellbeing and harmonious society is what_we_‎ have_been_struggling_for.(struggle)‎ 我们一直为之奋斗的就是建设一个和谐的安康社会。‎ ‎13．(2014·荆州调研)When the news came that_the_ship_had_sunk,_she was deeply uneasy because her husband was on board.(sink)‎ 当有消息说那艘船已经沉没时，她感到深深不安，因为她的丈夫在那艘船上。‎ ‎14．(2014·湖北武汉市高三五月供题)What_the_experts_are_worried_about/What_worries_the_experts is that the H7N9 spreads more easily to people than similar viruses.(worry)‎ 令专家担忧的是H7N9比其他同类病毒更容易传播给人。‎ ‎15．(2014·湖北武汉四月调考)After Paul's fourth error, word came that_he_would_be_fired in no time.(fire)‎ 在保罗犯了第四个错误后，有消息说他马上要被炒鱿鱼了。‎