【英语】2018届语法二轮复习时态和语态（含解析）教案（12页） 16页

‎2018届语法二轮复习 时态和语态 ‎ 要点回顾 一、时态 ‎(一)一般现在时 ‎①Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat bothers us.(2013·湖南高考)‎ 每晚两点左右，休就开始说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。‎ ‎②I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.‎ 我上小学时就知道了地球围绕太阳转。‎ ‎③So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.‎ 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。‎ ‎④Here comes the bus.‎ 公共汽车来了。‎ ‎1．主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time等时间状语。‎ ‎2．表示客观规律和永恒真理。‎ ‎3．在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day；条件：if, unless, provided, so/as long as。‎ ‎4．用于here,‎ ‎ there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。‎ ‎(二)一般过去时 ‎①Could you please repeat your address? I didn’t quite catch it.‎ 你能不能再重复一下你的地址？我没听清。‎ ‎②—Long time no see! Haven’t you graduated from college?‎ ‎—Yes. I studied English for four years in Nanjing.‎ ‎——好久不见！你大学毕业了吗？‎ ‎——毕业了，我在南京学了四年英语。‎ ‎③I always got up late, and never had enough time for breakfast.‎ 我总是起床很晚，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。‎ ‎④I felt very tired when I got home, and I went straight to bed.(2013·重庆高考)‎ 我到家的时候感到非常累，就直接上床睡觉了。‎ ‎1．表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。‎ 常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。‎ ‎2．表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。‎ ‎3．表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。‎ ‎4．在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。‎ ‎(三)一般将来时 ‎①“What do you want to be？” asked Mrs Crawford. “Oh, I will ‎ be president，” said the boy, with a smile.(2013·湖南高考)‎ ‎“你想成为什么样的人？”克劳福德夫人问。“哦，我要当总统。”小男孩笑着说。‎ ‎②—Do you know Mr Smith has come to our town?‎ ‎—No. I will go and visit him right now.‎ ‎——你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗？‎ ‎——不知道。我现在就去看他。‎ ‎③Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.‎ 看这乌云，要下雨了。‎ ‎④Close the door of fear behind you, and you will see the door of faith open before you.(2012·湖南高考)‎ 关上你身后的恐惧之门，你将会发现信心之门在你面前敞开。‎ ‎⑤We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 o’clock.‎ 我们必须快点。第一节课将在8点开始。‎ ‎1．将来时的构成为will/shall/be going to＋动词原形。表示一个将要发生的动作或状态。‎ ‎2．will, shall表示将来，有时含偶然性、临时性决定的意思。‎ ‎3．“be going to＋动词原形”多用在口语中，表示“计划、打算要做某事”，此外，be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。‎ ‎4．“祈使句＋and/or＋句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。‎ ‎5．某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情，此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。‎ ‎(四)现在进行时 ‎①Hurry up, kids！The school bus is waiting for us！(2013·四川高考)‎ 孩子们，快点！校车在等我们！‎ ‎②I don’t really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.‎ 我不真正在这里上班，我只是来帮忙，直到新秘书来了(我就走)。‎ ‎③“The moment is coming soon，” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.(2012·湖南高考)‎ ‎“这一刻就要来到了，”他自思自忖，紧张地等待着。‎ ‎④He is always making the same mistake, which makes his teacher upset.‎ 他总是犯同样的错误，这使他的老师生气。‎ ‎1．现在进行时的构成为am/is/are＋doing。表示某阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事，虽然此时动作不一定正在进行，常与these days, this week等时间状语连用。‎ ‎2．现在进行时还可表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作，这类动词主要有：go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do等。‎ ‎3．表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly, forever, all the time等连用。‎ ‎(五)过去进行时 ‎①Jim was watching a latenight film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.(2013·陕西高考)‎ 吉姆正在家里看午夜电影，就在看到一个惊险场面的时候，电视变得一片空白。‎ ‎②The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.‎ 当那个男孩的父亲下班回来时，他正在做作业。‎ ‎③I was coming to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.(2013·江西高考)‎ 我打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是不得已打电话取消了。‎ ‎1．过去进行时的构成为was/were＋doing。表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。‎ ‎2．表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave, start, arrive, go, come等。‎ ‎(六)将来进行时 ‎①I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I will be flying to Shanghai.(2012·辽宁高考)‎ 我觉得特别兴奋！明天早晨这个时候我就要飞往上海了。‎ ‎②The places of interest in Xi’an attract my family all the time, and I hope we will be enjoying ourselves this time next year.(2014·陕西五校模拟)‎ 西安的名胜古迹一直吸引着我们一家人，我希望明年的这个时候我们正玩得愉快。‎ 将来进行时的构成为will＋be＋doing。表示将来某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。‎ ‎(七)现在完成时 ‎①—Have you heard about the recent election?‎ ‎—Sure, it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.(2013·湖南高考)‎ ‎——你听说过近期的选举吗？‎ ‎——当然了，它是近来三天新闻中唯一的事情了。‎ ‎②His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.(2011·陕西高考)‎ 他的第一本小说自从上个月出版之后就很受欢迎。‎ ‎③It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.(2011·湖南高考)‎ 这是自从我到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。‎ ‎④This is the first time that we have faced such a problem.‎ 这是我们第一次面对这样的问题。‎ ‎1．现在完成时的构成为have/has＋done表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与up to now, so far, already, yet, now, recently, in the past few years, just等表示时间的词连用。‎ ‎2．用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。‎ ‎3．在“It (This) is the best (worst, most interesting等)＋名词＋从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。‎ ‎4．在“It (This) is (will be) the first/second/third ... time＋that从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。‎ ‎(八)过去完成时 ‎①Tom and I became friends in 2000, although we had actually met several years before.‎ 汤姆和我在2000年成为朋友，尽管在几年前我们就见过面。‎ ‎②I had intended to call on you, but I had an unexpected visitor.‎ 我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。‎ ‎③Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.‎ 演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。‎ ‎④By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college.(2011·辽宁高考)‎ 杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。‎ ‎⑤That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.‎ 这是她第二次看见她的祖父了。‎ ‎1．过去完成时的构成为had＋done。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”‎ ‎，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before, after, by, up till)，这种时态从来不孤立使用。‎ ‎2．动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。‎ ‎3．在“hardly (scarcely)．.. when ..., no sooner ... than ...”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“一……就……”。‎ ‎4．by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，主句用过去完成时。‎ ‎5．表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎(九)将来完成时 ‎①By the time Mr Smith arrives at the supermarket, we will have stayed there for one hour.(2014·西安二检)‎ 等到史密斯先生到达超市时，我们将已经在那里待一个小时了。‎ ‎②By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students.‎ 到明年的这个时候，你们大家就都成为大学生了。‎ 将来完成时的构成为will＋have＋done。主要表示某一动作到将来某个时间完成，上下文情景中常含有by短语，如by six o’clock, by the weekend, by the end of next month等。‎ ‎(十)现在完成进行时 ‎①The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 自从上午9点经理就一直告诉工人如何改善这一方案。‎ ‎②You have been saying you can succeed for five years.‎ 五年来你一直在说你能成功。‎ ‎③Too much has been happening today.‎ 今天真是一个多事的日子。‎ ‎1．现在完成进行时的构成为have/has＋been＋doing。表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。‎ ‎2．表示重复性动作。‎ ‎3．表示某种感情色彩。‎ ‎(十一)过去完成进行时 ‎①When Alice came to, she did not know how long she had been lying there.(2011·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 当艾丽丝苏醒过来的时候，她不知道自己已在那儿躺了多久。(表示lie这一动作先于did not know，且lie这一动作还在进行)‎ ‎②She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.‎ 她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续)‎ ‎③She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.‎ 她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续)‎ 过去完成进行时的构成为had＋been＋doing。主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去某一时间。这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。‎ 二、语态 ‎(一)被动语态的构成 ‎①—The window is dirty.‎ ‎—I know. It hasn’t been cleaned for weeks.‎ ‎——窗户脏了。‎ ‎——我知道。好几周没擦了。‎ ‎②All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.‎ 除了经理以外所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。‎ ‎③The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.‎ 如果人们被说服了吃更多的水果和蔬菜，那么死于心脏病的人数将大大减少。‎ 时 体　　‎ 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 is/am/are done was/were done will/shall be done would/should be done 进行 is/am/are being done was/were being done ‎—‎ ‎—‎ 完成 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/should have been done ‎[点津]　“get＋过去分词”表示被动。‎ ‎(二)主动表示被动的用法 ‎①She proves very patient and warmhearted.‎ 她被证明既有耐心又很热心。‎ ‎②No matter how hard he tried, the door wouldn’t open.‎ 不管他怎么努力开门，门就是打不开。‎ ‎③—What about the books?‎ ‎—Books of this kind sell well.‎ ‎——这些书怎么样？‎ ‎——这种书很畅销。‎ ‎④The house his grandmother lives in needs repairing/to be repaired.‎ 他祖母住的房子需要维修。‎ ‎1．“系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构。‎ ‎2．表示主语的某种属性特征的不及物动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut等，可用主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎3．动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，后接不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式意义相同。‎ ‎ 考点搜索 考点一时态和语态的直接考查 ‎1．(2013·湖北高考) It is reported in the newspaper that several new subway lines are_being_built in Wuhan.(build)‎ 据报纸报道，武汉正在建设几条新的地铁线路。‎ ‎2．(2012·湖北高考)In response to the audience's great demand, the play will_be_put_on in the theatre twice a week.(put)‎ 应观众的强烈要求，这部戏将会在这个剧院每周上演两次。‎ ‎3．(湖北高考)If times have_changed,_have our ways of thinking changed too？(change)‎ 如果时代变了，我们的思维方式也变了吗？‎ ‎4．(湖北高考)Last night's TV news said that by then the death of the missing people hadn't_been_proved yet.(prove)‎ 昨晚的电视新闻说到那时为止，失踪人员的伤亡情况还没有证实。‎ ‎5．(湖北高考) At present lots of food, water, tents, and medicine are_being_transported from all over China and other parts of the world to the earthquakestricken area.(transport)‎ 目前大量的食品、水、帐篷和医药正从全国和世界各地运往地震灾区。‎ 考点二时态、语态与从句的综合考查 ‎6．(2013·湖北高考)Knowing what_you_are_doing reduces the risks of failure and it works like an insurance policy for your own ability.(do)‎ 知道你正在干什么能降低失败的风险，这就像给自己的能力买了份保险。‎ ‎7．(2014·武昌区调研)I'm afraid you cannot listen to the news now, for the radio (which/that)_I_had_repaired yesterday is broken again ‎ today.(repair)‎ 恐怕你现在不能听新闻，因为我昨天请人修过的收音机今天又坏了。‎ 考点三时态、语态与特殊句型的综合考查 ‎8．(2013·湖北高考)So fast does_light_travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.(travel)‎ 光传播的速度快到我们难以想象。‎ ‎9．(2013·湖北高考)The chief engineer together with his colleagues has_been_looking_for new scientific methods of farming since five years ago.(look)‎ 五年以来，总工程师和他的同事们一起一直在寻找新的科学农耕方法。‎ ‎10．(2012·湖北高考)Little does_she_care_about what she looks like; all she cares about is her job performance.(care)‎ 她不在乎外表，她在乎的是自己的工作表现。‎ ‎11．(湖北高考)Seldom have_they_played video games ever since they entered college.(play)‎ 自进入大学以来，他们很少玩电子游戏。‎ ‎12．(2014·荆州质检)I don't know what_it_was in the novel that made him burst into tears.(what)‎ 我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。‎ ‎ 综合检测 ‎1．China together with some Asian countries was_swept_(up) by Typhoon Haiyan on November 8th, causing great damage and deaths.(sweep)‎ 台风海燕11月8日横扫了中国和其他一些亚洲国家，造成了巨大的损失和伤亡。‎ ‎2．(2014·武昌区调研)Come and visit our school at the end of this year, by which time I_will_have_finished my academic thesis.(finish)‎ 今年年底到我们学校来参观吧，到那时我已完成了我的学术论文。‎ ‎3．(2014·黄冈适应性考试)Why haven't you taken it down? I think you weren't_listening_at_all when I asked you to.(listen)‎ 你为什么没有做笔记？我认为你当时根本没有听我的要求。‎ ‎4．(2014·黄石调研)We hadn't_met_(each_other) for fifteen years, but believe it or not, I recognized him the moment I saw him.(meet)‎ 我们有十五年没见面了，但是信不信由你，我一见到他就认出了他。‎ ‎5．To our relief, the injured in the crash are_being_carried to the nearby hospital.(carry)‎ 让我们欣慰的是撞车事故中的伤员正被运往附近的医院。‎ ‎6．It_has_been_confirmed that the system is advanced and scientific in management of safety, health and environment since its application in 1951.(confirm)‎ 自1951年应用以来，该系统在安全、健康、环境管理方面的先进性和科学性已经得到了证实。‎ ‎7．Compare the two cities in terms of air quality, and you_will_find which one is more suitable to live in.(find)‎ 从空气质量方面比较这两座城市，你就会发现哪一座城市更适合居住。‎ ‎8．By the time the firemen arrive at the building, the fire will_have_been_put_out by nearby citizens.(put)‎ 当消防队员到达失火的楼房时，大火将已经被附近的市民扑灭了。‎ ‎9．(2014·湖北孝感月考)Shall we take a break in the shade of the tree? We have_been_‎ working in the sun for nearly two hours! (work)‎ 我们可以在树荫下休息一下吗？ 我们已经在太阳下工作近两个小时了！‎ ‎10．(2014·湖北黄冈中学一模)Since the earthquake in Ya'an, Sichuan broke out, each doctor and each nurse has_been_engaging_themselves_in/has_been_engaged_in saving the injured round the clock.(engage)‎ 自从四川雅安地震发生以来，每一个医生和护士都一直在夜以继日地忙于抢救伤员。‎ ‎11．She didn't tell me when/what_time_she_would_return to the office.(return)‎ 她没有告诉我她什么时候回办公室。‎ ‎12．A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses, as_has_happened in Syria.(happen)‎ 战争是如此的残酷以至于总是带来巨大损失，正如叙利亚所发生的事情一样。‎ ‎13．Five hours was what_it_took to travel from Beijing to Shanghai in 2013 on a highspeed railway.(take)‎ ‎2013年，坐高铁从北京到上海只需五个小时。‎ ‎14．Compare the two designs, and you_will_find what problem there is with yours.(find)‎ 比较这两种设计，你会发现你的那份有什么问题。‎ ‎15．If you can win the game today, you_will_be_allowed to go on a ‎ holiday next month.‎ ‎(allow)‎ 如果今天你赢了这场比赛，下个月就允许你去度假。‎