2018届二轮复习名词性从句考点全面讲析课件（70张） 70页

Noun Clause 英语句子的种类 简单句 (simple sentence) 并列句 (compound sentence) 复合句 (complex sentence) 英语句子结构概论 并列句 把两个或几个简单句用 并列连词 连接起来。 I turned on the TV. My sister and I watched it. I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didn’t like it. I bought my sister a present, but she didn’t like it. 并列句 并列句 常用并列连词 : 平行 并列连词 : 转折 并列连词： 因果 并列连词 : 选择 并列连词 : and, both…and, not only… but also, neither…nor but, however, while, yet, or,either…or for, so 从句 复合句 : 主句 + 从句 名词 性从句 定语从句（形容词性从句） 状语从句（副词性从句） 1. The boy who is standing over there is Tom. 2. Because it is raining , we have to stay at home. 定语从句 状语从句 3. I know (that) he is from America. ( 宾语从句） 名词 性从句 --- 名词性从句 主语从句（ Subject Clauses ） 表语从句（ Predicative Clauses ） 宾语从句（ Object Clauses ） 同位语从句（ Appositive Clauses ） 定语从句 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句 状语从句 时间、地点、方式、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、比较等状语从句。 从句的特征 1、有引导词/ 从属连词引导（个别可省略）； 2、有完整正确的谓语动词（注意时态呼应、主谓一致、虚拟语气等）； 3、使用陈述语序（个别从句倒装除外）； 4、做主句中的一个成分（做什么成分就是什么从句）； You can go to ask ______ is a native for help. anyone B. who C. whoever D. whom A problem C Noun Clauses ( 名词性从句 ) Subject Clause ( 主语从句 ) Appositive Clause （同位语从句） Object Clause （宾语从句） Predicative Clause （表语从句） 名词性从句在功能上相当于 名词 , 在复合句 中能担任 主语、宾语、表语、同位语 等。 主语 { His job is important . What he does is important. 表语 This is his job. This is what he does every day . { 宾语 I don’t like his job. I don’t like what he does every day . 同位语 I don’t know about the man , Mr. White . I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher. Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know who will win the match . The question is who will win the match . The question who will win the match is interesting. 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 名词性从句 的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。 同位语从句 找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句。 1. I don't know if I can do it . 2. What he is doing seems very difficult. 3. The important thing is how we can improve our studies . 4. Mr Li always thinks of how he can do more for the people . 5. That's what you are going to do first . 6 . I was surprised at what he said . 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 宾语从句 名词性从句连接词的选择常采用 “两步法” ： 先判断从句是名词性从句： 依据名词性从句特征和位置判断。 然后选择连接词： 依据从句中的成分、从句的来源、语境及搭配、连接词自身的含义和用法等。 Object Clauses 宾语从句 1. I wonder if you'd mind us asking a few questions. 2. ... his eyes stare at what is left of the brothers' dinner on thetable. 3. I'm afraid it'll cost a large amount of money. 主句主语 +主句谓语 宾 语 从 句 +连词 +从句主语 +从句谓语 句子做宾语就是宾语从句 ，跟在 及物动词、介词 或 系表结构 后 句子结构： 主句(vt./ prep./ be + adj.) + 连词（引导词） + 宾语从句。 宾 语 从 句 宾 语 从 句 Conjunctions of Noun Clauses （ 引导名词性从句的关联词）： 从属 连词 （不作成分） 连接 代词 （作主、宾、表、定） 连接 副词 （作状语） what(ever), which(ever); who(ever), whom(ever), whose that, whether, if when(ever), where(ver), how(ever), why 词 形 词 义 作从句中成分 来 源 连 词 that × × 陈述句 w hether/ if (无论)是否 × 一般 疑问句 连 接 代 词 w ho(ever) (无论)谁(指人) 主语、表语 特 殊 疑 问 句 whom(ever) (无论)谁(指人) 宾语 whose 谁的(指人) 定语、表语 what(ever) (无论)什么(事物) 主语、宾语、表语、定语 which(ever) (无论)哪个(人或物) 主语、宾语、表语、定语 连 接 副 词 when(ever) (无论)什么时候 时间状语 where(ver) (无论)在哪 地点状语 how(ever) (无论)怎样 方式状语 为什么 原因状语 why w hat + n. how + adj./ adv. 多么 ...... 主语、宾语、表语 感叹句 一、连词（引导词） 1. that 1) 当宾语从句是由 陈述句转变而来 时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词 由 that 引导 ，因为 that 在从句中 不作任何成分 ，也 没有任何具体意思 ，因此在口语或非正式文体中 常省略。 Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. I think it necessary that you should read English aloud. 2. 在主句为动词 be 加某些形容词（如 sorry, sure, afraid, glad 等）作表语时，后面所跟的从句也是 宾语从句 ( that 可省略 ) 。 I’m sorry (that) I don’t know . We’re sure (that) our team will win . I’m afraid (that) he won’t pass the exam . 3 ）宾语从句中的连接词 that 在以下三种情况下 不能省略： （ 1 ）当 that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时， 第二个 that 不能省； （ 2 ）当 that 从句作 介词宾语 时， that 不可省。 （ 3 ）用 it 做 形式宾语 的宾语从句， that 不可省。 1. I don’t doubt ______ he can speak English. 2. I doubt____________ he can speak English. whether/ if that 当宾语 从句是由一般疑问句变来时 时，由连词 whether 或 if 引导， “ 是否 ”，不能省略。 (1) Lily wanted to know __________ her grandma liked the handbag . (2) Let’s see ___________ we can find out some information about that city . (3) She asked me ___________ she could borrow these books . 2. whether/ if whether/ if whether/ if whether/ if 注意 whether 和 if 的使用区别 : 1) whether 和 if 都可以引导宾语从句，但 a. 当从句中有 or not 时就用 whether, 不用 if 。 b. 介词后面的宾语从句不能用 if 表示“是否”。 2) if 可以引导条件状语从句， whether 无此用法。 I don’t know whether or not I will stay. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. If you are to succeed, you ought to work harder. Practice time I asked her ____________ she had a bike. We’re worried about _________ he is safe. I don’t know _________ he is well or not. 4. I don’t know ________ or not he is well. 5. I don’t know __________ I should go. if / whether whether whether whether whether/if __________ to go . whether 3. 当宾语从句是由 特殊疑问句转变而来 时，由 疑问词 （ what, who, whom, which, whose, when, where, how, why 等 ）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以 不可以省略。 Do you know ______ he said just now ? I don’t remember _______ we arrived . I asked him _______ I could get so much money in so short a time. Please tell me ____________ we have to see . Do you know _______ time the plane leaves ? what when where who / whom what 二、时态 1. 如果 主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时）， 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 ，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。 I know he _______ here .(live) I know he _______ here ten years ago .(live) I have heard that he _________ tomorrow . (come) lives lived will come 2. 如果主句是过去的时态 （包括一般过去时，过去进行时）， 那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态 （包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时） I knew who _______ here. (live) I saw she _____________ her mother. (talk) He asked whether his father _______________ tomorrow. (come back) He said that he ________ it before. (see) 3. 当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用 一般现在时 。 He said the earth _______ around the sun. （ travel ） lived was talking with would come back had seen travels 三、语序 宾语从句要用 陈述语序 ：连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分。 1. I don’t know what is the matter / the trouble/ wrong with him. 2. I don’t know who did it. 3. I don’t know who is he. 1. His brother asks when he will go to the library . 2. His brother asks when will he go to the library . 1. I don’t know what he wants to buy . 2. I don’t know what does he want to buy . √ √ × √ √ We felt it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday . 2. He has made it clear that he will not give in . 注意： it 常可以放在动词 think, find, consider, believe, feel, make 等后作为 形式宾语 , 真正的宾语是 that/ wh- 从句则放在句尾。 *________________________( 我们觉得很奇怪 ) she didn’t go to school today. We think it strange that Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions. 1. ---Can you tell me _____ the man is ? --- He is my brother. 2. I didn't know _____ he was coming until yesterday. 3. The doctor asks ____ medicine you have taken. 4. I want to know _____ they solved the problems in the city. who when what how when whether/if 1.   The young man asked _____ it's summer or winter. A. if B. that C. weather D. whether 2.    We don't know ______ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us ____ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know ____ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that D A B C 5. Could you show me ________ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station 6. Please tell me _______. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like 7. My sister told him ________ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live C B D 8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _______ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. Could you tell me how long _______ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China 10. He said that if it _______ the next day , he _______ fishing . A. would rain , wouldn't go B. rains , won't go C. rained , wouldn't go D. rains , will go to B C D Predicative Clauses 表语从句 从属连词 ( 不作成分） 连接代词 （作成分） 连接副词 （作状语） what(ever), which(ever); who(ever), whom(ever), whose that, whether, as if/ as though ， because when(ever), where(ever), how(ever), why, 表语从句 是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句 , 放在 系动词 之后 , 一般结构是“ 主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句 ”。可以接表语从句的系动词有 be , look, remain, seem 等。 表语从句 表语从句 1. The question is _______ we can rely on him. 2. He didn’t study abroad. That ’ s ________ he wa s in need of money at that time . 3. He looked _____ he was going to cry . 4. My car broke down halfway. That ’ s _____ I was late . whether because as if why 注 意： 在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “ whether ”不能用“ i f”。 一般情况下，“ that ”不能省。 It is/ was because …. It is/ was why …. 4. The reason ( why…/for…) is/ was that …. 5 . The reason / result is because/ why… that . . . 1. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. That is _____ I had a few days off. 2. --- The project was turn down. --- Is that ________ we lack money? 3.Tom didn’t go to school today. The reason was ______ he fell ill. 用 that/ why/ because 填空 that why because 1. That’s ___ the teacher called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is ___ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether 3. That is ___ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4. Jane is no longer ___ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when Subject Clauses 主语从句 Conjunctions of Noun Clauses （ 引导名词性从句的关联词）： 从属 连词 （不作成分） 连接 代词 （作主、宾、表、定） 连接 副词 （作状语） what(ever), which(ever); who(ever), whom(ever), whose that, whether when(ever), where(ver), how(ever), why ____________________ is certain. （我们将迟到了） 2. _____________________ is known to all. ( 地球是圆的 ) 3. ________________________ is a pity. ( 你错过了这次机会 ) That the earth is round That you missed the chance 引导词 That we shall be late ________________ hurts him so much . （她离开他 ） 一 . that 只起引导作用，不充当主语从句中成分，没有意义，但不能省略 。 That she left him whether “ 是否 ” ，不做主语从句中成分，源于一般疑问句； “ if” 不能引导主语从句。 引导词 __________________________ is not easy to say( 他是否会来这儿） . Whether he will come here ( If he will come here ... ) × _____________ is more practice. （我们所需要的） ___________________________ is under discussion. 四 . 连接副词 when 等在从句中作状语。 What we need When we will begin the meeting 三 . 连接代词 what 等在从句中作主语、宾语等。 注意一 : 主语从句后置 ! 为了避免主语冗长 , 句子头重脚轻 , 经常 用 it 作形式主语 , 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语 . 1. That the earth is round is known to all. 2. That you missed the chance is a pity. → It is a pity that you missed the chance. → It’s known to all that the earth is round. 这样就构成了下面一些常用句型 : It is +adj./ n. (strange/a pity/…) + that … It is + v.-ed (said/ reported…) + that … 连词 whether, 连接代词 what, who, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how 等引导主语从句 , 也常后置 : Who will do it ___ been decided( have/ has ). What he needs __ that book. What he needs ___ some books. √ is are 注意三： what 与 that 引导主语从句的区别 : what 引导名词性从句时在从句中 充当句子成分 , 如 主语 , 宾语 , 表语 等，有疑问含义；而 that 在从句中 只起连接作用，只有陈述含义 。 (1) _____ you said yesterday is right. (2) _____ she is still alive is a fact. What That 注意二 : 主语从句对应的主句谓语动词一般用 单数。但 what/ who 等 引导主语从句时，主句谓语单复数可根据 表语 决定。 √ ___ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. ___ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A . If B . Whether C . That D . Where 3. ___ is known to us all is that America is a developed country ____ the First World. A. Which; belong to B . As, belonged to C . What; belonging to D . It; belonging to 4. It ’ s known to us all ___ a form of energy. A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit ___ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. t hat C. what D. when 6. What I say and think ___ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have appositive Clauses 同位语从句 同位语从句 1. 跟在某些抽象名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。 常用名词有 belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion 等。以及 suggestion, order, demand, wish 等。 2. 常用连词： that , whether; when, where, why, how ; what, which, who, whom, whose, wh-ever 等。 The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China. / We heard the news last night. ___________ _______________________ __________ _________________ __________ We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China . _____________ ___________________________________________________________________ Chinese students should be given more free time. The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school. __________________ _________________________________________________ The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school. ________________ ________________________________________________________ 1. The news _______ we won the competition is very encouraging. 2. I have no idea ______ has happened to him. 用 that/ what 填空 what that 1.We expressed the hope that they had expected. 2.We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 定语从句 同位语从句 3. 连词 that 在同位语从句中 不可省略 , 而在定语从句中当它充当从句 宾语时可以省略 。 区别 that 引导的同位语从句和定语从句： 1. 引导同位语的连词 that 在句中 不作任何句子成分 ，而在定语从句中， that 充当的可以是 从句的主语或宾语 等。 2. 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的 具体说明 ，而定语从句是对前面名词 进行修饰，解释为“ … 的 ”。 判断 : 定语从句 or 同位语从句 1.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 2.The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 3.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true. 5.The question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one. ( 定语从句 ) ( 同位语从句 ) ( 同位语从句 ) ( 定语从句 ) B 2. ___ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising . A . Who B . The one C . Anyone D . Whoever 3 . Information has been put forward _ _ _ more graduates will be admitted into universities . A . that B . how C . where D . what D A 1. He is absent from school . It is ___ he is seriously ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason Practice time 4. --- Are you still thinking about yesterday ’ s game ? --- Oh, that ’ s ___. A . what makes me feel excited B . whatever I feel excited about C . how I feel about it D . when I feel excited A 5. There will be a special price for ____ buys things in large number here. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. w homever 6 . Mary wrote an article on ____ the team had failed to win the game . why B. what C. who D. that 7 .The poor young man is ready to accept _ __ _ help he can get. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever 8 . _____ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun. Which B. How C. What D. That 9 . It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants. A. h owever B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 10. She received the message ___ he would come by plane. A. that B. which C. what D. when 1 1 . Energy is ___ makes things work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that 1 2 .Our city has changed a lot ,and now it is quite different from _ _ _ a few years ago. A. what it used to be B. that it used to be C.which it used to be D. what was it Correct or not? *When the meeting will be held haven’t been known yet. ……………………………. be held hasn’t been known yet. × Pay attention: 主语从句对应的主句的谓语用 单数 形式 × Correct or not? Pay attention: 在此宾语从句中， it 充当 形式宾语 ，真正的宾语为 that 从句 I think it worthwhile that……………….. * I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books. *His brother asks when will he go to the library . × Pay attention: 名词性从句的语序用 陈述语序 Correct or not? ………………………when he will go to the library . * If we will have a meeting hasn’t been decided yet. × Correct or not? Whether we will…………………………. decided yet. Pay attention: 放在名词性从句 句首 ，表示“是否”，只能用 whether, 不能用 if × Correct or not? Pay attention: 注意 虚拟语气 在名词性从句中的使用！由 demand ,order, require, insist, suggest, advise 等引导的宾语从句，或由 demand, order, suggestion 等引导的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语要用 should+do 的形式 It is suggested that we should put off... *It is suggested that we would put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather. × Correct or not? Pay attention: 注意 虚拟语气 在名词性从句中的使用！在 It is necessary/ important/ natural/ ... that… 句型中，从句的谓语要用 should+do 的形式 It is important that we should finish… *It is important that we will finish the work on time. × Correct or not? Pay attention: 由 reason 做主语的表语从句只能用 that 来引导。 The reason why he was late was that he was….. *The reason why he was late was because he was caught in a traffic jam. × Correct or not? Pay attention: 此主语从句 缺少成分 - 宾语，故用可作宾语成分的 what 来引导，而不用 that 。 What she wants to know is……. *That she wants to know is when the party will be held . × Correct or not? Pay attention: 由 that 引导的主语从句放在句首， that 不能省略 。 That he will give up……… *He will give up his job surprises us all. × Correct or not? Pay attention: 同位语从句的引导词 that 不能省略 。 He expressed his hope that he would.... *He expressed his hope he would visit China again. He said the text was very important and we should learn it by heart. 2. My worry is that he can get there on time. 3. The reason why he failed was because he hadn ’ t studied hard. 4. What we need are time. 5. Here are two books. You can take whatever you want. is that whether that whichever 单句改错 ˄ Thank you!