【英语】黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学2019-2020学年高一下6月月考试题(解析版) 13页

黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学2019-2020学年高一下6月月考 英语试题 I单选题 （共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）‎ ‎1. ______doubt, I turned to one of my English friends for an answer, only ______myself more puzzled—I was told that it was the way people behaved.‎ A. Filled with; finding B. Filled with; to find C. Filling with; finding D. Filling with; to find ‎2. I haven’t read _______ of his books, but judging from the one I have read, I think he is a very promising writer.‎ A. any B. none C. both D. either ‎3. _____, I lost heart in English, but my teacher often said to me, “Keep working hard, and you will succeed _____.”‎ A．At a time; in time B．At a time; on time C．At one time; in time D．At one time; on time ‎4. I was impressed _______ his huge feet ________ approximately 1 foot 8 inches.‎ A．in; measuring B．on; measured C．with; measuring D．for; measured ‎5. The strike may hold ________ production of cars for several months, ________ a great loss．‎ A．out; cause B．up; causing C．out; causing D．up; cause ‎6.— Have we ________ water? — Yes, ________. We’d better get some.‎ A．given out; we have run it out ‎ B．run out of; our water has run out C．used up; our water has been run out ‎ D．run out; our water is running out ‎7. The hospital has a new system to help ______ the best service _______ the patients.‎ A．supply; with B．provide; to C．provide; for D．supply; /‎ ‎8. He commanded that all the gates __________.‎ A．should shut B．would be shut C．shut D．be shut ‎9. — Could you help me take care of my pet dog on the 19th?‎ ‎— I’m afraid I’m not ____________ that day.‎ A．blank B．sufficient C．available D．convenient ‎10. He ________ the painting all the time, wondering where he had seen it.‎ A．glimpsed at B．glared at C．glanced at D．stared at II完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ When I was a little girl, there was the magic of Mercurochrome (红药水). It was good for cuts, scratches (抓痕), or other ____11____. My brother and I tested and ____12____ the powers of Mercurochrome many years ago.‎ It was summer and hot. Mama was not feeling well and had become ____13____ tired. She told us that she was going to ____14____ on her bed. Only a few minutes had passed when Ronnie ____15____ a scratch on his knee that needed immediate ____16____. We tiptoed(踮脚走) into Mama’s room and asked her if we could put Mercurochrome on Ronnie’s scratch. ____17____on her back, Mama had fallen into a deep sleep and made no answer.‎ We stole into the bathroom, took the Mercurochrome and ____18____ Ronnie’s knee. Undoubtedly, he immediately began to feel better. ____19____, we tiptoed into Mama’s room to show her that we had taken care of our scratches without ____20____ her. But she was in sound sleep. Then we whispered that ___21___ Mama didn’t feel well, perhaps Mercurochrome would make her feel ____22____.‎ Twenty minutes ____23____, we painted every scratch and every freckle(雀斑)of Mama’s skin. She had Mercurochrome ____24____ her legs, arms and face. At Ronnie’s encouraging, we ____25____ tried to paint her fingernails and toenails.‎ When Mama screamed in ____26____, we knew that she was awake. With all the ____27____, it didn’t seem at first that she was feeling better, ____28____she burst into laughter as she stared at her image in the mirror.‎ We laughed a lot the next few days. If anyone had asked us, we would have ____29____ that Mama had been cured by the ____30____ of Mercurochrome.‎ ‎11. A. matters B. worries C. troubles D. wounds ‎12. A. marked B. proved C. collected D. ignored ‎13. A. suddenly B. gradually C. hardly D. extremely ‎14. A. lie down B. settle down C. go down D. look down ‎15. A. doubted B. learnt C. noticed D. recognized ‎16. A. service B. attention C. advice D. study ‎17. A. Round B. Tight C. Wide D. Flat ‎18. A. painted B. designed C. completed D. decorated ‎19. A. Politely B. Proudly C. Carelessly D. Properly ‎20. A. pleasing B. bothering C. exciting D. worrying ‎21. A. before B. unless C. until D. since ‎22. A. better B. rarer C. worse D. stranger ‎23. A. earlier B. ago C. later D. ahead ‎24. A. in B. on C. over D. under ‎25. A. always B. ever C. even D. only ‎26. A. disappointment B. shame C. horror D. excitement ‎27. A. laughing B. talking C. screaming D. joking ‎28. A. so B. although C. because D. but ‎29. A. pretended B. expected C. insisted D. accepted ‎30. A. story B. reality C. secret D. magic III.阅读理解（共4小题，每小题2分，共8分）‎ Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction（部分）of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongings.‎ Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and an insect never more than six.‎ How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf? One authority on spiders made a census（统计； 调查） of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of ‎ different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.‎ ‎31. Spiders are our friends because they_______.‎ A. are beneficial insects B. protect insect-eating animals C. destroy insects without hurting us in any way D. include some of the greatest enemies of the human race ‎32. The underlined word “devour” in the first paragraph probably means “________”.‎ A. protect B. eat up C. be beneficial to D. help ‎33. Birds and beasts_________.‎ A. eat as many insects as spiders B. eat more insects than spiders C. can’t compare with spiders as destroyers of insects D. destroy a large fraction of insects than spiders ‎34. If spiders were insects, they would______.‎ A. have eight legs B. have six legs or less C. be able to fly D. not destroy their own kind IV.七选五（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）‎ Top Tips for Better Writing There are many different types of writing, such as essays, letters and speeches. Whatever your reason is and whatever your style, there are some universal tips that will help you improve your writing:‎ Be clear about your purpose The most basic question to ask yourself before you start is why you are writing. In an essay or assignment, your purpose is to convey information and draw conclusions. But if you are writing a business report, you may want to make recommendations(建议). ___35___‎ Start with a plan ‎___36___The result is often disjointed writing with parts that don’t connect. Whatever you are writing, creating a clear plan is the first step to getting your message across quickly and in the most effective way.‎ Guide readers through what you write Your task is to help readers understand your message quickly and precisely.______37______Each sentence, each paragraph should be relevant to what comes before and what comes after. You should use words and phrases that connect to show these connections.‎ ‎___38___‎ Your aim in writing is to communicate ideas and information to other people, and you must keep that in mind with every word and sentence you write. Constantly ask yourself who you really write the information for.‎ Write for the ear, not for the eye Once you’ve finished a draft of your speech, practice reading it out loud. _______39_______Revise so you are more comfortable giving your speech. You want to sound natural, no matter what the occasion is.‎ A. Write for readers, not yourself B. Write for the aim, not for the words C. It sounds robotic, and employers hate it.‎ D. Far too often people write without a plan.‎ E. You’ll hear anything that sounds awkward.‎ F. Whatever it is, keep your purpose in mind at all times to avoid going off topic.‎ G. To do this, it is necessary to show them clearly how the different parts relate to each other.‎ V单句填空（共11小题，每小题2分，共22分）（填写答案时注意首字母大小写，并填入完整单词！！！）‎ ‎40. I don’t want to be ________（卷入，参与） in this dangerous event.‎ ‎41. Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into e (存在).（首字母已给出）‎ ‎42. ________ (可替代的) energy sources are renewable, which means they can be used without running out.‎ ‎43. Weather ________( permit), we will go camping this weekend.‎ ‎44. Guests ______________(恐慌）when the bomb exploded.‎ ‎45. On returning home, she found a note a (贴) to the door, reading “ Call in later”.（首字母已给出）‎ ‎46. The truck _______（装载）with quantities of goods is driving towards the disaster area.‎ ‎47. With his attention _________ (concentrate) on his book, he didn’t notice someone entering his room.‎ ‎48. _______ obvious a result it is, you’d better check it in practice yourself.‎ ‎49. — I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow.‎ ‎— I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I____________(meet) my guests in my office.‎ ‎50. Simply ___________(raise) your hand, and a taxi appears in no time.‎ VI.语法填空 （共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）‎ Rivers are one of our most important natural resources. Many of the world’s great cities are located on rivers and almost every country has at least one river ____51____ (flow) through it, which plays an important part in the lives of ____52____ (it) people.‎ Since the beginning of history, people ____53____ (use) rivers for transportation. The Yellow River and Yangtze River play a large role in China. The Mississippi, the ____54____ (long) one in the United States ever influenced the American people ____55____ (great) in history. The lifeline of Egypt is the Nile. Rivers provide fresh water ____56____ (drink), grow crops, make electricity and chances to have fun for those ____57____ live along their banks.‎ As the cities grow ___58___ size and industries increase in number, the river water is severely being polluted. It urges all countries to make ____59____ (decide) and take immediate action to stop it from ____60____ (pollute) any more.‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 单项选择 ‎1.【答案】B ‎【解析】考查过去分词作原因状语和动词不定式作结果状语。句意：我满怀疑虑地向我的一位英国朋友寻求答案，却发现自己有更多疑惑——我被告知这就是人们的行为方式。固定词组：be filled with“被……充满”；only to do sth.表示“未料到的结果”。故选B。‎ ‎2. 【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：他的两本书我并不是都读了，但从我所读的那本书判断他是一个很有前途的作家。此处考查部分否定：not与表示全部概念的词如：all, both, everybody, everything 连用，表示部分否定。A.not...any 任何一个都不，表示三者或三者以上全部否定 B. none 本身就是否定形式C. not ...both/ both... not 并非两者都……，表示部分否定D. not...either =neither 二者都不，表示二者间全部否定 ‎3. 【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：我曾经对英语学习失去信心，但老师经常对我说“一直努力，你迟早会成功的”。at a time （每）一次；at one time 曾经，一度； in time 及时，迟早； on time 准时 ‎4.【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：我对他那只量起来接近有一英尺八英寸的大脚有深刻印象。be impressed with 固定短语“对……印象深刻”。measure 表示“量起来多长/多宽等”的时候相当于系动词的用法，没有被动。‎ ‎5.【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：罢工可能延误汽车生产达几个月，造成重大损失。hold up 举起，耽搁、延误；hold out伸出（手），坚持；因为前面有谓语动词hold，所以cause要用非谓语动词分词的形式，表示自然的结果。‎ ‎6. 【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：---我们用完水了么？---是的，我们的水已经用完了。我们最好去取点水。run out of/ use up 及为物短语，主语为人，后带宾语，有被动； run out/ give out 为不及物短语，主语为物，不能加宾语，没有被动。‎ ‎7. 【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：医院有一个新的体系来帮助把最好的服务提供给病人。provide sth. for sb.；provide/supply sb. with sth.;‎ supply sth. to sb.‎ ‎8. 【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：他命令把所有的门都关上。command等表示坚持、建议、命令、要求的词，从句中用虚拟语气：主语+（should）do ‎9. 【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：---19号你能帮我照顾我的宠物狗么？---恐怕那天我没有空。 A. blank 空白的B. sufficient 充足的 C. available 可获得的，（人）有空的 D. convenient 方便的，主语不能是人。‎ ‎10. 【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：他一直盯着这幅画，思考是在哪见到过。A. glimpse at 瞥一眼；B. glare at 怒视；C. glance at 瞥一眼；D. stare at 凝视 完形填空 这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者和哥哥小的时候不仅偷偷的拿出红药水涂在哥哥受伤的膝盖处还把红药水涂在身体不舒服的妈妈的身体多个部位上，当妈妈醒来时，看到镜子里的自己时，忍不住大笑起来。如果有人问起这件事，他们会坚持说妈妈的病已经被红药水的魔力治愈了。这样的令人搞笑的事情使兄妹领略到了红药水的魔力。‎ ‎【答案】11-15 DBDAC 16-20 BDABB 21-25 DACBC 26-30 CCDCD ‎11. 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. matters事情；B. worries担忧； C. troubles麻烦；D. wounds伤口。句意：这有利于割伤、抓伤或其他伤口的愈合。or连接的是表示伤口类型的三个词，所以由“ cuts, scratches (抓痕)”可知，other应接wounds。wound指的是“刀伤，枪伤”。故D选项切题。‎ ‎12. 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. marked做记号；B. proved证明；C. collected收集； D. ignored忽略。句意：我和我哥哥在许多年前测试并证明了红药水的力量。由下文可知，红药水可以让伤口愈合，也可以让妈妈看到自己全身都是红药水后突然大笑，这都证实了红药水的力量。故B选项切题。‎ ‎13. 【解析】考查副词辨析。A. suddenly突然地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. hardly几乎不；D. extremely非常。句意：妈妈身体不舒服，非常疲惫。由“not feeling well”可知，妈妈感觉 不舒服，所以判断出之前妈妈已经感到很累了。 extremely为副词修饰形容词tired。故D选项切题。‎ ‎14. 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. lie down躺下；B. settle down定居；C. go down 下降； D. look down向下看。句意：她告诉我们她要躺在床上休息。由下文“flat on her back”可知，妈妈是平躺在床上的。所以判断出妈妈要躺在床上休息。故A选项切题。‎ ‎15. 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. doubted怀疑；B. learnt学习；C. noticed注意到；D. recognized认出。句意：几分钟过去了，罗尼注意到膝盖上有一处划痕，需要立即处理。notice“注意到”表示划痕不是很严重，所以才有了下文的涂红药水。故C选项切题。‎ ‎16. 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. service服务；B. attention照顾，处理； C. advice建议；D. study学习。句意：几分钟过去了，罗尼注意到膝盖上有一处划痕，需要立即处理。根据生活常识，无论是大伤小伤都需要处理一下。故B选项切题。‎ ‎17. 【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. Round圆的；B. Tight紧的；C. Wide宽的；D. Flat平的。句意：妈妈平躺在床上，睡得很沉，没有回答。flat on her back“平躺”。符合句意。故D选项切题。‎ ‎18. 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. painted 给……刷漆，涂上；B. designed设计；C. completed完成；D. decorated装饰。句意：我们偷偷溜进浴室，拿了红药水，给罗尼的膝盖涂了红药水。受了外伤，所以要把要涂在伤口处。后文23题处也有提示Twenty minutes ____23____, we painted every scratch...故A选项切题。‎ ‎19. 【解析】考查副词辨析。A. Politely礼貌地；B. Proudly自豪地；C. Carelessly粗心地；D. Properly恰当地。句意：自豪地，我们踮着脚尖走进妈妈的房间，向她展示我们在没有打扰她的情况下处理了划痕。因为作者和哥哥自己拿的药，成功的处理了伤口，所以他们觉得做了这件事很自豪。故B选项切题。‎ ‎20. 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. pleasing使高兴；B. bothering打扰，使烦恼；C. exciting使激动；D. worrying使担忧。句意：很自豪地，我们踮着脚尖走进妈妈的房间，向她展示我们已经在没有打扰她的情况下处理了划痕。由前文可知，作者是偷偷地进了浴室，拿出了红药水，成功的处理了伤口。所以并没有打扰到妈妈。故B选项切题。‎ ‎21. 【解析】考查连词辨析。A. before在……之前；B. unless除非；C. until直到；D. since既然，由于。句意：然后我们低声说，既然妈妈感觉不舒服，或许红药水会使她感觉更好些。分析句子可知，前后句子句意上为因果关系，所以用连词since。故D选项切题。‎ ‎22. 【解析】考查形容词比较急辨析。A. better更好的；B. rarer较稀少的；C. worse更糟糕的； D. stranger更奇怪的。句意：然后我们低声说，因为妈妈感觉不太好，或许红药水会让她感觉好些。由前文“Undoubtedly, he immediately began to feel better. ”可知，罗尼的膝盖在涂抹红药水后，他感觉更好了。所以他们判断妈妈要是涂上红药水也会感觉更好。故A选项切题。‎ ‎23. 【解析】考副词查辨析。A. earlier早期地；B. ago以前；C. later以后；D. ahead在前面。句意：二十分钟后，我们把妈妈每处的划痕和每处雀斑都涂上了红药水。事情是按照时间的先后发生的。故C选项切题。‎ ‎24. 【解析】考查介词辨析。A. in在……里；B. on在……上（接触）； C. over覆盖，在……上方（不接触）；D. under在……下。句意：她的腿、手臂和脸上都涂上了红药水。在……表面上用介词on,符合句意。故B选项切题。‎ ‎25. 【解析】考查副词辨析。A. always一直；B. ever曾经；C. even甚至；D. only仅仅。句意：在罗尼的鼓励下，我们甚至给她的手指甲和脚趾甲上都涂上了药水。even表示递进关系, 用来说明涂药水的身体部位多。故C选项切题。‎ ‎26. 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. disappointment失望；B. shame羞愧；C. horror恐惧；D. excitement兴奋。句意：当妈妈惊恐地尖叫时，我们知道她醒了。妈妈醒来时看到身体的多个部位被涂上红颜色的东西，所以在不知道是什么东西时，会惊恐地尖叫。故C选项切题。‎ ‎27. 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. laughing笑；B. talking讲话；C. screaming尖叫；D. joking开玩笑。句意：伴随着所有的尖叫，起初她似乎并没有感觉更好，但是当她盯着镜子里的自己时，突然大笑起来。由前文“when Mama screamed...”可知，母亲的尖叫没有停过。故C选项切题。‎ ‎28. 【解析】考查连词辨析A. so所以；B. although尽管；C. because因为；D. but但是。句意：伴随着所有的尖叫，起初她似乎并没有感觉好一些，但是当她盯着镜子里的自己时，突然大笑起来。前后句语意转折，所以用连词but。故D选项切题。‎ ‎29. 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. pretended假装；B. expected期望；C. insisted坚持；D. accepted接受。句意：如果有人问我们的话，我们会坚持说妈妈的病已经被红药水的魔力治愈了。作者和哥哥不希望自己的“愚蠢”的行为被其他人知道。所以坚持说妈妈的病已经被红药水的魔力治愈了。故C选项切题。‎ ‎30. 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. story故事；B. reality事实； C. secret秘密；D. magic魔力。句意：如果有人问我们的话，我们会坚持说妈妈已经被红药水的魔力治愈了。由前文“When I was a little girl, there was the magic of Mercurochrome (红药水)”。可知，当作者小时候就知道红药水的魔力，所以其他人也会知道。故D选项切题。‎ 阅读理解 蜘蛛是人类的朋友，并且蜘蛛对人类有很大的作用。‎ ‎31.【答案】C ‎【解析】第一段最后一句话 “Moreover, unlike some of ….our belongings.”可看出选C选项。A选项错误，第二段第一句说了Spiders are not insects；B选项从第一段“Insects would make it impossible… we get from insect-eating animals.”可看出蜘蛛本身是insect-eating animal；D选项从第一段“Because they destroy so many insects… enemies of the human race.”可看出主语不对，不应该是spiders 而应该是insects。‎ ‎32.【答案】B ‎【解析】从第一段“Insects would make it impossible… we get from insect-eating animals.”可看出。‎ ‎33.【答案】C ‎【解析】从第一段“We owe a lot … the number destroyed by spiders.”可看出。‎ ‎34.【答案】B ‎【解析】从第二段最后一句话“an insect never more than six.”可看出。‎ 七选五 这是一篇说明文。作者就如何提高写作水平，提出了几点可行的建议。‎ ‎【答案】35-39 FDGAE ‎35. 【解析】由“The most basic question to ask yourself before you start is why you are writing. In an essay or assignment, your purpose is to convey information and draw conclusions. But if you are writing a business report, you may want to make recommendations”可知，开始写作前最基本的问题就是问问自己为何写作。写论文旨在传达信息、并得出结论。但如果你正在写一份商业报告，你可能想提出一些建议。所以以上列举了写作之前的目的是什么。故判断出小题1是对上述写作目的的总结。故F选项“不管是什么，时刻牢记你的写作目的，避免偏离主题。”符合句意。故F选项切题。‎ ‎36. 【解析】由“The result is often disjointed writing with parts that don’t connect”可知，结果导致写作各部分不连贯。所以判断出小题2说的是原因，才导致了写作各部分不连贯。故D选项“人们写东西往往不拟提纲。”符合句意。故D选项切题。‎ ‎37. 【解析】由“Each sentence, each paragraph should be relevant to what comes before and what comes after. You should use words and phrases that connect to show these connections.”可知，每个句子、每个段落都应与上下文有关。你应使用互相联系的单词和短语来衔接。所以判断出小题3要总说向读者清晰地展示各个部分如何衔接，然后再具体分说各个部分如何衔接和以什么来连接。故G选项“为此，有必要向读者清晰地展示各个部分如何衔接”。故G选项切题。‎ ‎38. 【解析】由“Your aim in writing is to communicate ideas and information to other people, and you must keep that in mind with every word and sentence you write. Constantly ask yourself who you really write the information for.”可知，写作的目的是要向他人传递思想与信息，写一词一句你都要牢记这一点。不断地问自己，你真正为谁写信息。所以本段主要说的就是写作是给读者看而不是自己。所以判断小题4是本段的标题。故A选项“写作是给读者看而不是自己”符合题意。故A选项切题。‎ ‎39. 【解析】由“Revise so you are more comfortable giving your speech”可知，进行修改，演讲就会更顺畅。所以判断出小题5说的是在大声朗读时发生了什么样的情况，才导致下文的进行修改。故E选项“你会听出不适合的地方”符合题意。故E选项切题。‎ 单句填空 ‎40. involved 41. existence 42. Alternative 43. permitting ‎ ‎44. panicked 45. attached 46. loaded 47. concentrated ‎ ‎48. However 49. will be meeting 50. raise 语法填空 本文是一篇说明文，以密西西比河为例介绍了河流对人们的生活有重要作用，但随着城市规模的扩大和工业数量的增加，河流受到了严重的污染，所有国家应该行动起来阻止河流继续受到污染。‎ ‎51. flowing 52. its 53. have used 54. longest 55. greatly ‎ ‎56. to drink 57. who 58. in 59. decisions 60. being polluted ‎51. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：每个国家都至少有一条河流经其国土，这在其人民的生活中扮演重要角色。river 与flow之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词做后置定语，故填flowing。‎ ‎52. 【解析】考查代词。句意参考上题解析，修饰名词people用形容词性物主代词，故填its。‎ ‎53. 【解析】考查时态。句意：自古以来，人们就利用河流作为交通工具。时间状语Since the beginning of history表明此处使用现在完成时，故填have used。‎ ‎54. 【解析】考查形容词。句意：密西西比河是美国最长的河流，它在历史上对美国人民产生了巨大的影响。定冠词the修饰形容词最高级，故填longest。‎ ‎55. 【解析】考查副词。句意参考上题解析，修饰动词influenced用副词，故填greatly。‎ ‎56. 【解析】考查不定式。句意：河流为沿岸居民提供了饮用、种植庄稼和娱乐的机会。此处表示目的，应该用不定式做目的状语，故填to drink。‎ ‎57. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意参考上题解析，先行词为those，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who。‎ ‎58. 【解析】考查介词。句意：随着城市规模的扩大和工业数量的增加，河流受到了严重的污染。此处表示“在某方面”。‎ ‎59. 【解析】考查名词。句意：它敦促所有国家做出决定并立即开始行动以阻止它受到污染。作make的宾语用名词，decision是可数名词，此处用复数表示泛指，故填decisions。‎ ‎60. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题解析，介词from后接动名词作宾语，it与pollute之间是被动关系，故填being polluted。‎