【英语】2018届二轮复习情态动词学案（6页word版） 7页

‎2018届二轮复习 情态动词 情态动词和虚拟语气为考纲要求掌握的内容，但在最近几年全国卷中以语法填空和短文改错形式对其进行考查的题目很少，属于高考中的难点。从近几年情态动词的命题中可以看出，高考对情态动词的考查主要集中在其基本用法上，所以考生在备考时只要掌握情态动词的基本用法即可；对于虚拟语气，高考主要考查虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件句、名词性从句和其他一些句子中的应用，考生在备考时，重点掌握非真实条件句中的主、从句谓语的对应关系，牢记哪些词后的名词性从句需要用虚拟语气。‎ ‎[典题感悟](考什么、怎么考)‎ ‎1．(2014·全国卷样题语法填空)Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I ________ have put them there when the phone rang.‎ 解析：must　推测当时一定做过某事用“must have done”形式，故填must。‎ ‎2．The traffic is heavy these days. I ________ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?‎ 解析：may/might　句意：这些天交通拥挤，我可能会晚一会儿到达，所以你能否给我留个位置？空后的arrive是动词原形，因此此处用情态动词，表示可能性不大，应该用may/might。‎ ‎3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)We must found ways to protect the environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it.________________‎ 解析：found→find　must 后加动词原形。‎ ‎4．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening to music.________________‎ 解析：sat→sit　lie 与sat并列，在can的后面，因此要把sat改为原形。‎ ‎5．But in fact, Gorka can quite shy, even around the people he has known for a while.________________‎ 解析：can后加be　can后的中心词为形容词shy，can不能单独作谓语，需要借助连系动词be构成系表结构。‎ ‎[谨记规律](为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎1．情态动词的基本用法 ‎(1)情态动词不能单独作谓语，它们要和行为动词或连系动词连用；适用于各种人称和数(have to 除外，主语是第三人称单数时要用has to)；其后接动词原形。‎ ‎(2)can/could：表示能力、请求、可能性(表示可能性用于否定句及疑问句中)。can 表示“有能力做某事”，只有现在式和过去式两种形式；be able to 可用于各种时态，强调通过努力而成功地做某事，相当于manage to do 或succeed in doing。‎ He can’t be our manager.He has gone to Beijing.‎ 他不可能是我们经理。我们经理已经去北京了。‎ The village was destroyed in the earthquake but that little dog was able to survive.‎ 这个村庄在地震中毁灭了，但那只小狗竟然活了下来。‎ ‎(3)may/might：①表示较小的可能性，也可以表示许可；②may可以用来表示祝愿，用“may＋主语＋动词原形”结构。‎ We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet.‎ 今晚我们可能去看电影，但还不确定。‎ ‎(4)must的用法：①表示非常肯定的推测；②表示与说话人意愿相反或不耐烦等感情色彩，意为“偏要，非要……不可”。mustn’t意为“禁止”，表示“不必”应用needn’t。‎ If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.‎ 如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停止。‎ That car is my property; you mustn’t use it without my permission.‎ 那辆车是我的财产，你必须得到我的允许才能使用。‎ ‎(5)shall的用法：①用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，语气强于should；②用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见，肯定回答应用must，否定回答应用needn’t或don’t have to。‎ You shall be punished for what you have done.‎ 你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。‎ ‎(6)should的用法：①表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”；②should也可表示惊讶、失望等情绪，常用于疑问句和肯定句中，多译为“竟然，居然”。‎ Such a gentleman should do that.‎ 这样一位绅士竟然会做那种事。‎ ‎2．“情态动词＋have done”的用法 构成形式 用法 must have done ‎“一定已经做了某事”，用于肯定句中表推测，把握非常大。‎ could have done ‎(1)“本能做某事(而实际上未做)”，此时不能用can替换。(表虚拟)‎ ‎(2)“可能已经做了某事”，表示对过去情况的推测。‎ 注意：couldn’t have done只能表示推测，相当于can’t have done，意为“(过去)不可能做了某事”。‎ can/can’t have done can’t have done表对过去否定情况把握较大的推测，相当于couldn’t have done; can have done表示“可能已经做了某事”，常用于疑问句。‎ 注意：can have done不能用于肯定的陈述句中。‎ may/might ‎(1)“可能已经做了某事”‎ have done ‎，表示对过去情况的推测，一般不用于疑问句，might可能性更小。‎ ‎(2)might have done还可表示“过去本可能做某事”。(表虚拟)‎ should/ought to have done ‎“本该做某事(而实际上没做)”。‎ needn’t have done ‎“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。‎ It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.‎ 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。‎ I should have been more patient with my customers.‎ 我本该对我的顾客更耐心一点的。‎ I’m afraid she might have been told the truth.‎ 恐怕可能有人已经告诉她真相了。‎ He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.‎ 他本来能够通过考试的，但是他太粗心。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．You must be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.‎ ‎2．—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.‎ ‎—Oh, it’s too bad. You should have made full preparations.‎ ‎3．You may/might feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.‎ ‎4．On Sundays when I was a child, father and I would get up early and go fishing.‎ ‎5．Sometimes smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry.‎ ‎6．According to the factory safety rules, all accidents shall be reported to the safety officer.‎ ‎7．Jack, look！Everybody is doing homework quietly. Must you make a noise in class?‎ ‎8．Sorry, Cathy, I didn’t know that you were badly short of money then. But you could have asked me for help.‎ ‎9．His ship was delayed because of the heavy fog yesterday; otherwise I would have_picked (pick) him up on time.‎ ‎10．The order came that the medical supplies (should)_be_sent (send) to the earthquakestricken area soon.‎ ‎11．Doctors strongly recommend that fathers (should)_be (be) present at their babies’ birth.‎ ‎12．My husband is always talking about the economy and stocks, but I’d rather he focused (focus) more on our children’s education.‎ ‎13．—Your aunt invites you to go to the movies today.‎ ‎—I would rather she told (tell) me tomorrow than today.‎ ‎14．If you had_followed_(follow) my suggestions, you wouldn’t be crying over your failure now.‎ ‎15．It’s so bad that I failed in the final exam. If only I_had_worked (work) hard at it!‎ ‎16．Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he did/should_do (do) something instead of just talking.‎ ‎17．Mr. Smith would have given us a lecture yesterday, but he was (be) busy.‎ ‎18．Don’t handle the vase as if it were (be) made of steel.‎ ‎19．He agreed to our suggestion that we (should)_put (put) on a play at the English evening.‎ ‎20．Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced (dance) as well as her.‎