2019届二轮复习语法专题虚拟语气用法解题指导课件（32张） 32页

2019 届二轮复习语法专题 虚 拟 语 气 概念： 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种愿望、假设、或推测。 一、虚拟语气在 if非真实条件句中 虚拟条件 从句 ( If ) 主 句 与 现在 事实相反的假设 与 过去 事实相反的假设 与 将来 事实相反的假设 过去式 be -- were should / would/ could / might + do had done should / would/ could / might + have done 过去式（ be--were ） should do were to do should / would/ could / might + do If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam. （ 过去虚拟 ） 1. 如果我是你，我会接受他的建议（现在虚拟） 2. 如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。（将来虚拟） 3. 如果你以前好好学习， 你会通过考试的。 If I were you, I would accept his advice. If it rained （ should rain/were to rain ） tomorrow, I would stay at home. You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you ______ so tired. drove; didn’t get drove; wouldn’t get were driving; wouldn’t get had driven; wouldn’t have got 1. if 从句中， 省略 if ，were，had ， should 可以放在句首，（用于倒装结构）， 否定词 not不能 放在 前面。 1.If I were you, I would accept his advice. 2.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 3.If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam. Had you studied hard before,…… Were I you,…… Should it rain tomorrow,……. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge. Were B. Should C.Would D. Will If it should rain tomorrow ( 省略 if ，用部分倒装） 2.错综时间虚拟语气 当 从句与主句时间不一致 时 ， 动词的形式 要根据它所表示的时间作出 相应的调整。 If you ____________ (follow) my advice just now, you _________ (be) better now. If you __________ (study) hard before, you _______ (be) a college student now. had followed would be had studied would be If you ______ with George earlier, you _____ so angry now. talked; would not be had talked; would not be would talk; would not be had talked; would not have been If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _____ so seriously now. is not polluted would not be polluted had not been polluted would not have been polluted 3、含蓄虚拟语气 在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。 常用的有 otherwise ， or ， without ，but for （倘没有，要不是） 等。 1. I was ill that day. Otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meeting. =If I hadn ’t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. 2. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. 3. Without / But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help, … Without electricity, human being life ______ quite different today. is will be would have been would be But for his help, I ______. should not have succeeded have not succeeded did not succeed had not succeeded He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _____ a goal. had scored scored would score would have scored It is strange that_______________________. 他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。 It is necessary that___________________________. 有必要派他去北京。 二、虚拟语气在 主语从句 中的使用 1 ，It’s necessary/strange/natural/important/ impossible … that 主语 + (should)+动词原形 he ( should ) say so he be sent to Beijing 2.It is a pity /a shame/ a surprise/no wonder that 主语 +( should )+V 原形 It is a great pity that___________________. 他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。 he ( should ) think so 3 . It is/was suggested /ordered / demanded / proposed / （ 1234 ）+ that + 主语 +( should)+V 原形 It’s suggested that the plan should be carried out. It is suggested that______________________ _____________________. 有人建议，晚会周六举行。 the p arty （should）be held on Saturday 一个坚持 insisted 两道命令 ordered, commanded 三条建议 advised, suggested, proposed 四点要求 demanded, required, requested, desired It is required that you ____ at six. will arrive  B. arrive   C. arrived     D. would arrive 2.It is strange that the lazy boy _____ pass the exam. A. has B. should C. would D. might 3. It is necessary that our drinking water _____ cleaner. A. should be made      B. is made    C. would be made      D. was made 三.虚拟语气在 宾语从句 中的使用 1. 在 wish 引导的宾语从句中 与 现在 事实相反  与 过去 事实相反  与 将来  事实相反  过去时（were） 过去完成时、 had+done could have done Should/would/could/might+ 动词原形 I wish (that) he ____ ____________(visit) us tomorrow . I wish (that) he _______ __(visit)us today . I wish he____________________________(visit) us yesterday. would visit visited had visited I wish I _____ the meeting last week. A. could attend B. attended    C. have attended D. had attended 2.在表示坚持，要求,命令,建议的宾语从句中 一个坚持 ______________ 两个命令 ______________ 三个建议 __________________________ 四个要求 __________________________ +that 主语 + （ should ） + V 原形 The doctor suggested that he (should) try （ try ）to lose his weight. He insisted that we (should) tell （ tell ） him the news. insist order, command advise, suggest, propose demand, require, request, desire 注意： suggest: 表明，暗示 陈述语气 建议 虚拟语气 Her pale face suggested that she _____ （be) ill . Her friends suggested that she ________________ (send) to hospital immediately. Insist ： 坚持说， 陈述语气 坚持要求 虚拟语气 He insisted that he __________ __(not steal) the money . He insisted that he _____________ (set) free. was (should) be sent hadn’t stolen (should) be set 3. 在 would rather 宁愿 would prefer would sooner +宾语从句中 had rather would as soon 与 现在 或 将来 事实相反 过去时 动词过去式 /were 与 过去 事实相反 过去完成时 had done I would rather you ______ (come) here now. I would rather you ______ (come) here tomorrow. I would rather you __________ (not tell) me the truth yesterday. came h adn’t told came 四、虚拟语气的其他用法 1 . as if / as though（好像） +从句 ( 与 wish 一样 ) if only ( 要是……就好了） If only I _____ (be) a bird If only you _____________ （listen) to our advice! If only I __________ （ be ） a superstar some day. He looks as if he _________an artist. He talked about the accident as if he _______it. were had listened would be were had seen 2. It is (high / about) time+ (that) 从句 动词过去式 should（ 不可省略 ） + do 该是某人做某事的时候了。 It is high time that you got up / should get up. I’m getting tired; it’s time we _____ home. A. go B. are going C. went D. should be going 3 、在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：（ should ） + do 。并且 should 能省略（ for fear that ， lest ）， in case 不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief __________ ( come ) in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。 He started out earlier lest he ________ (be) late. 他早早的就出发了以防迟到。 ( should) come ( should) be 4 、在 so that / in order that  所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为： may (might) can (could) + do should He goes closer to the speaker so that he _______him clearer. (hear) 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he ___________ a word. (miss) 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。 can hear should not miss 5. 用于“ May + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他” May you have a long and happy life ！ 祝您快乐长寿！ May you make greater progress! 祝你取得更大进步！ 6. supposing / providing 假如， 如果 even if / even through 即使 的虚拟与 if 相同 7. 情态动词 + have done ( 1 ) could/might have done 表示过去本来可以 ( 能够 ) 做某事，但实际上没有做到。 (2) should (ought to) have done “ 本应该 ……” ，表示过去应该做而没做 (3) needn’t have done 必要做某事， 但实际做了 8.( 1234 ) 名词后 定语 从句 -- 陈述语气 同位 、 表语 从句 — 虚拟语气 结束啦！