- 1.27 MB
- 2021-05-21 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传，淘文库整理发布，可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方，所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议，请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传，本站不保证质量和数量令人满意，可能有诸多瑕疵，付费之前，请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ：403074932
2019
届二轮复习
从定语从句的四种分类来解说关系词
一
.
定语从句的基本定义
放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的词叫先行词。
一
.
定语从句的基本定义
The boy
who
is reading
is Tom.
先行词
关系代词
Hospital is
a place
where a doctor works
.
先行词
关系副词
二
.
关系词的分类
关系代词
2.
关系副词
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：
that, which, as, who, whom, whose
关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：
when, where, why
二
.
关系词的分类
三
.
关系代词的基本用法和注意点
1.
关系代词的基本用法
三
. 1.
关系代词的基本用法
关系代词
指代的先行词
充当从句的成分
who
人
主语、宾语
whom
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
whose
人或物
定语
①
who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
The man
(
who)
I talked with
is our teacher.
A person
who
steals things
is called a thief.
②
whom
指人
,
在定语从句中作宾语，可省略
。
The man
(whom)
I nodded to
is Mr. Li.
who, whom
③
which
指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
These are
the trees
which
were planted
last year
.
This recorder
（
which
）
he is using
is
made in Japan.
which
He is
the man
(that)
I told you about
.
④
that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
A plane is
a machine
that
can fly
.
that
⑤
whose
指人或物
,
在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。
We live in
a house
whose windows face south
.
This is
the little girl
whose parents were killed in the great earthquake
.
whose
2.
关系代词的用法注意点
(1) that
和
which
都可以指物，但以下
5
种情况只能用
that
不能用
which
。
①当先行词中既有人又有物时。如：
Do you know
the things and persons
that
they are talking about
?
2.
关系代词用法注意点
(1)
只能用
that
不能用
which
的
5
种情况
②当先行词为不定代词
all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none
等时。如：
This is
all
that
I want from the school
.
③当先行词被
only, just, very, right, last
等修饰时。如：
This is the
very
book
that
I am looking for these days
.
④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：
The TV tower is
the highest
building
that
has been built in this city
.
⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The
first
lesson
that
I learned will never be forgotten
.
(2) that
和
who
都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用
who
。
(2)
用
who
不用
that
的情况
①先行词为
all(
所有人
), anyone, one, ones
等时。如：
All
who
heard the news
were excited.
②先行词为
those, he
和
people
时。如：
Those
who
want to go
please sign your names here.
He
who
does not reach the Great Wall
is not a true man.
(3) whose
引导的定语从句注意点
①
whose
引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。
②
whose
与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：
The boss
in whose department
he worked
had heard the news.
他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。
(3)whose
引导的定语从句注意点
④
whose
的先行词指物时，可用
of which
代替，但语序不同，即
whose+
名词
= the+
名词
+of which
，或
= of which + the +
名词。如：
The novel
whose title
(= the title of which
或
of which the title)
is
Red and Black(《
红与黑
》)
is very interesting.
③
whose
引导的定语从句，其先行词既可指人也可指物。
⑤
whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名词。如：
The boy
whose mother
(= the mother of whom或of whom the mother)
is a doctor
is my
friend.
背熟这三句
I live in a house,
whose window
faces south.
I live in a house,
the window of which
faces south.
I live in a house,
of which the window
faces south.
(4)
关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与先行词保持一致。如：
Those
who
are
against the plan
put up your hands.
Tom is
one of the students
who
were
praised by the teacher yesterday
.
Tom is
the only one of the students
who
was
praised by the teacher yesterday
.
(4)
从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致
The scientist
(whom/
who/
that
)
we met yesterday
is very famous in the world.
(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.
The dress
(
which/
that
)
she is wearing
is new.
(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
巩固练习：
1.
用定语从句合并下列句子
巩固练习
1
：用定语从句合并句子
(3) He is the kind person.
I have ever worked with him.
(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
He is
the kind person
(
whom/ who/ that)
I have ever worked with
.
This is
the best film
(
that)
I have ever seen
.
1.The girl __________is standing
next to our teacher
is her daughter.
2. The girl _________________our teacher is talking with
is a famous singer.
3. The girl________ mother is a teacher can speak
English
very well.
4. I can’t find the book ____________is borrowed from
the library.
5. I can’t find the book ______________ you lent to me.
who/ that
(whom/ who/ that)
whose
which/ that
(that/ which)
巩固练习：
2.
用适当的关系词填空
巩固练习
2
：用适当的关系词填空
1
．
(
湖北高考
)My mother was so proud of all ________(
我
所做的
)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.(do)
答案：
(that)I had done
四
.
介词
+which/ whom
引导的定语从句
1.
介词的选用原则：
根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。
This is the book
on
which
I
spent
8 dollars.
This is the book
for
which
I
paid
8 dollars.
四
.
“
介词
+which/whom
”
引导的从句，
1.
介词选用原则
(2)
根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。
I remember
the day
on
which
I joined the Party.
I remember
the days
during
which
I lived there.
2.
当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用
whom(
指人
)
或
which(
指物
)
，且关系代词不能省略。
The man
with
whom
you talked just now is my neighbor.
I can’t find
the pen
with
which
I was writing .
2.
介词位于关系代词前，关系代词的使用
3.
当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可以用
which/ that (
指物
), who/ whom/ that(
指人
)
作从句中介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。
(whom/who/that)
(which/that)
Dad is
a person
________________ I can easily talk
to
.
Is this
the play
___________ you were talking
about
just now?
3.
介词位于句末，关系代词的使用
4.
在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：
This is the watch
(that/ which)
I am
looking for
.
The babies
(who/ whom/ that)
the nurse is
looking after
are very healthy.
4.
含介词的固定搭配动词短语的使用
5.
先行词是
the way
，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用
that/ in which
或省略。
I didn't like
the way
_____________ she talked to me.
The way
______________ he teaches English is interesting.
（
that/ in which
）
（
that/ in which
）
5.
先行词为
the way
，关系词的使用
五
.
关系副词
when, where
和
why
的用法
五
.
关系副词的基本用法
关系副词
指代的先行词
充当从句的成分
when
表时间的名词
/
名词词组
时间状语
where
表地点的名词
/
名词词组
地点状语
why
表原因的名词
原因状语
用关系副词
when
时，先行词指时间，
when
在定语从句中作时间状语，
when
可换成“介词
+
关系代词”。如：
I still remember
the day
when (= on which)
I first came to Nanjing
.
My father was born in
the year
when (= in which)
World War Ⅱ broke out
.
1. when
1. when
用关系副词
where
时，先行词指地点，
where
在定语从句中作地点状语，
where
可换成“介词
+
关系代词”。如：
This is
the farm
where (= on which)
we worked when we were young
.
The school
where (= in which)
his mother teaches
is in the west of the city.
2. where
2. where
用关系副词
why
时，先行词指原因，
why
在定语从句中作原因状语，
why
可换成“介词
+
关系代词”。如：
There are several
reasons
why (= for which)
the boys should be punished
.
Tom couldn’t give the teacher
the reason
why (= for which)
he was late for school
.
3. why
3. why
4.
关系副词的用法注意点
(1)
当先行词为
time
，表示“次数”时，应用关系词
that
或省略。如：
This is
the first time
(that)
the president has visited the country.
(2)
当
point, situation, case
等词作先行词表示“情况、境地、场合”等意思时，其后常由
where
引导定语从句，
where
在句中作状语。如：
Can you think of
a situation
where
this phrase can be used?
4.
关系副词的用法注意点
巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空
1) October 1, 1949 was
the day
______
(__ ______) China was founded.
2) Beijing is
the place
______
(____ ______) I came.
3) Is this
the reason
____ (___ _____) he
didn
’
t want to see me?
when
on which
where
from which
why
for which
巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空
4) Is this
the room
______(__ ______)
we were living last winter?
5)
The days
are gone _____
(______ ______) we used
“
foreign oil
”
.
6)
Yesterday, we had
a meeting
______
(__ ______) we discussed many problems.
where
in which
when
during which
at which
where
对比练习：用适当的关系词填空
1.
The room
___________________ he once
lived
is still there.
The room
___________________ I have to
clean
every day belongs to my mother.
where/in which
(that/which)
对比练习：用适当的关系词填空
2. I will never forget
the day
_______________
I met you
.
I will never forget
the day
______________ we
spent
together.
when/on which
(that/which)
The reason
_____________ I don’t
know
is known to him
.
(that/which)
why/for which
3.
The reason
________________
I don’t
know the thing
is that I was not there
at that time.
IV.
限定性
(
限定才明白
)
与
非限定性
（不限定也明白）
1.
区别
(
引导非限定从句跟主句间往往用逗号分开
)
I met your brother who is a teacher.
I met your brother
,
who is a teacher.
2. which
可指一词或一句。
I went to Hangzhou, which is a beautiful city.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
3. as
引导非限定从句可再句首，
which
不行
As we all know, the earth is round.
As is known to us all, the earth is round.
六
.
非限制性定语从句
1.
非限制性定语从句的定义
非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。
My watch,
which is very old
, stopped again.
六
. 1.
非限制性定语从句的定义
2.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)
限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：
This is the best book
that
I have read
.
This is a good book,
which
is easy to understand
.
2.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
(2)
限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词
as
或
which
引导。
(4)
在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。
(3)
限制性定语从句可以用关系代词
that
引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。
(5)
关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：
(6)
在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。
He has two daughters,
the elder
of whom
is married
.
He is ill,
in spite
of which
he keeps on studying
.
3.
关系代词
as, which
引导非限制定语从句时的区别
(1)as
和
which
都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。
as
引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而
which
引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。如：
3. as/which
引导非限制性定语从句的区别
The weather turned out to be very good
,
which
was more than we could expect.
As
is known to all,
the moon travels round the earth
.
(2) as
多用于下列习惯用语中
as anybody can see
正如人人都能看到的那样
as is well known = as is known to all
众所周知
as we had expected
正如我们所预料的那样
as often happens
正如经常发生的那样
as has been said before
如上所述
as is mentioned above
正如上面提到的
4. “
介词
+
关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构：
(1)
名词
+
介词
+
关系代词：
They live in a house,
the door of
which
faces south.
4.
“
介词
+
关系代词
”
引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构
(2)
代词
+
介词
+
关系代词：
There are four students in the classroom,
all of
whom
are working hard.
(3)
数词
+
介词
+
关系代词：
Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore,
three of
which
were English novels.
(4)
形容词比较级
/
最高级
+
介词
+
关系代词：
China has thousands of islands,
the largest of
which
is Taiwan.
1
．
(
湖北高考
)My mother was so proud of all ________(
我
所做的
)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.(do)
答案：
(that)I had done
2
．
(
湖北高考
)The city____________________ (
我成长的
)is
very hot and damp in summer.(grow)
答案：
where/in which I grew up
解析：
考查由
where
或
in which
引导的定语从句；设空处用一般过去时态。
1
．
(2010·
北京高考
)Children who are not active or
________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A
．
what B
．
whose
C
．
which D
．
that
解析：
此题考查定语从句。先行词为
children
，
or
连接两个并列的定语从句，第一个定语从句的引导词为
who
，此处考查第二个引导词，先行词
children
与从句中的主语
diet
为所属关系，故选
B
项。
答案：
B
2
．
(2010·
陕西高考
)The old temple ________ roof was
damaged in a storm is now under repair.
A
．
where B
．
which
C
．
its D
．
whose
解析：
此题考查定语从句。
whose
在从句中作定语，修饰先行词
roof
。句意：在暴风雨中房顶严重受损的庙宇正在维修。
答案：
D
3
．
(2011·
福建联考
)The Gate of Fortune
，
from
________top visitors can enjoy a wonderful sea view
，
will attract lots of tourists.
A
．
which B
．
whose
C
．
where D
．
its
解析：
考查定语从句。
top
和先行词
the Gate of Fortune
存在从属关系，因此应该使用
whose
，
whose top
也可以表示为
the top of which
或
of which the top
。
答案：
B
2
．
(2011·
襄阳调考
) Barack Obama will deliver a speech to
1,000 local youths during his visit to Shanghai, _________ (
大多数学生来自
) Fudan University and Tongji University. (belong)
答案：
most of whom belong to
3
．
The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,
________________________ (
其中有许多离开了
) their village homes for a better life in the city. (many)
答案：
many of whom (had) left
1
．
(2010·
湖北高考
) ____________________________(
正
如我们强调的那样
)many times
，
“
serve the people” is our first policy.(stress)
答案：
As we have stressed/As has been stressed
2
．
(2011·
武汉质检
)John said he'd been working in the office
for an hour, ____________ (
这是真的
). (true)
答案：
which was true
1
．
(2011·
武汉质检
)It's helpful to put children in a
situation ________________________ (
他们可以审
视
) themselves differently. (see)
答案：
where they can see
2
．
(2011·
荆州质检
)I have reached a point in my life
________________________ (
我不得不
) to make decisions of my own. (have)
答案：
where I (will) have to
3
．
(2011·
宜昌模拟
)Mr. Smith, ____________________ (
从
他书店
)we bought a dictionary yesterday, has been working nonstop for making a donation to the poor. (whose)
答案：
from whose bookstore
1
．
(2011·
湖北八校联考
)His younger sister teaches in a
secondary school, in front of ____________________ (
流淌着一条小河
). (flow)
答案：
which flows a small river
2
．
(2011·
荆州检测
)We have come to the turning point
________________________ (
我们必须做出决定
) to choose our own course. (decision)
答案：
where we must make a decision
3
．
(2011·
武昌区调考
)Yesterday we listened to a speech
made by the professor ________________________ (
他的研究旨在
) improving agriculture. (aim)
答案：
whose research was aimed at
4
．
(2011·
湖北五市联考
)____________________ (
正如
提到的
) in my last letter, we can make our dreams come true by working hard. (mention)
答案：
As I mentioned
解析：
考查
as
引导的定语从句。
5
．
(2011·
武汉市六校联考
)After graduating from college
，
I
took some time off to go traveling
，
_____________(
结果证明是
) a wise decision. (turn)
答案：
which turned out (to be)/turning out (to be)
6
．
(2011·
武汉质检
) ____________________________ (
正如
我们所知
)
，
the general theory of relativity states that a black hole is a region of space from which nothing can escape. (know)
答案：
As we (all) know/As is known to us (all)
7
．
(2011·
武汉市六校联考
)________________________ (
他
解释
……
的方法
) the world, indicates relations, and draws conclusions is not only surprising but also very accurate. (explain)
答案：
the way (that/in which) he explains
8
．
(2011·
武汉市部分重点中学联考
)Do you still
remember the food company in ________________ (
我父亲工作过
) ten years ago? (work)
答案：
which my father worked
9
．
(2011·
襄阳模拟
)She is the only one of the girls in our
class____________________ (
通过了
) the interview. (pass)
答案：
who has passed
10
．
(2011·
荆州检测
)Thank you very much. We
appreciate all ________________________ (
你所做的
)for us during our stay here. (do)
答案：
(that)you have done
11
．
(2011·
武汉市部分调考
)—Which book belongs to you,
Mary?
—______________________________ (
封面是蓝色的那一个
) over there. (cover)
答案：
The one whose cover is blue
12
．
(2011·
武汉市部分重点中学联考
)Afterwards we shall
go up to the top of a hill_________________________ (
从那儿我们能够俯视
) the city and the sea. (overlook)
答案：
from where we can overlook
13
．
(2011·
武汉质检
)The department to _______________ (
他所属的
) is in the charge of Mr. Smith. (belong)
答案：
which he belongs
14
．
(2011·
武汉四校联考
)As a child, Jack studied in a village
school
，
____________________ (
它以
……
名字命名
) his grandfather. (name)
答案：
which is named after
15
．
(2011·
黄石模拟
)There are various kinds of animals in
Australia, ________________ (
其中很多
) cannot be found in any other country. (many)
答案：
many of which
Thank you
微信/支付宝扫码支付下载