江苏省苏北四市（连云港淮安徐州宿迁）2020届高三第一次模拟考试英语试题 Word版含解析 33页

www.ks5u.com 苏北四市2020届高三第一学期期末调研考试 英语试题 说明：1.本试卷共12页，满分120分，考试时间120分钟 ‎2.在答题纸的密封线内填写学校、班级、姓名、考号等，密封线内不要答题。‎ ‎3.请将所有答案均按照题号填涂或填写在答题卡纸相应的答题处，否则不得分。‎ 第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）‎ 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1. How does the woman check the weather？‎ A. She uses her phone.‎ B. She listens to the radio.‎ C. She watches television.‎ ‎2. What will the boy do tonight？‎ A. Study for an exam. B. Practice debating C. Watch a basketball game.‎ ‎3. Why doesn't the boy use the method the woman gave？‎ A. He doesn't understand it. B. He doesn't have it yet. C. He doesn't like it.‎ ‎4What are the speakers doing？‎ A. Deciding the best player. B.Coming up with a plan. C.Scheduling the game ‎5. Where are the speakers？‎ A. At a store B. At a bank C. At a park 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。‎ ‎6. How does the woman probably feel？‎ A. Indifferent. B.Excited C. Angry ‎7. Who is the boy talking to？‎ A.a policewoman B. His teacher C. His mother - 33 -‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。‎ ‎8. What does Carol do when she volunteers？‎ A. She performs for children B. She picks up trash C. She serves dinner.‎ ‎9. How often does Carol volunteer？‎ A. Once a week B. Twice a week. C.Three times a week.‎ ‎10. What does Jim worry about if he joins Carol？‎ A.Knowing little about the story. B. Choosing a boring book. C.Reading for hours 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。‎ ‎11. Which is a superfood according to the man？‎ A. Yogurt B.Noodles C. Rice ‎12. Why are superfoods healthy？‎ A. They cure some terrible diseases.‎ B. They fight against some cancers.‎ C. They reduce risks of some diseases ‎13. Which food will the woman be adding to their family diet？‎ A.Fish B. Tomatoes C. Brown rice 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题 ‎14. How did the man notice the problem first？‎ A. His bank called him B. His bill showed him C. His credit card was declined ‎15. What did the bank do to fix the problem？‎ A. They gave the man his money back at once ‎ B. They asked the man to provide the evidence ‎ C. They decided to talk to the bank's owner ‎16. What do the two speakers mainly talk about？‎ A. Information safety B.Shopping habits. C.Money management.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题 ‎17. What does the speaker want her kids to do？‎ A. Help with the dishes B.Go to bed immediately. C. Pick out something to wear.‎ ‎18. When will the family probably need to leave their house tomorrow？‎ A. At 7:00 a.m. B. At 6:00 a.m. C. At 5:00 a m - 33 -‎ ‎19. Why doesn't the speaker make dinner？‎ A. There is no food left at home ‎ B. She doesn't want to make a mess ‎ C. They have already eaten at a restaurant ‎20. What is the purpose of the talk？‎ A. To make sure everyone gets ready. ‎ B. To make the house clean.‎ C. To make a regular plan. ‎ 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ 请认真阅读下面各题，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ ‎1.Respect is not one-way traffic but mutual, and that might be we fight back in the trade friction against the USA .‎ A. where B. because C. why D. how ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：尊重不是单向的，而是相互的，这可能就是我们要在贸易摩擦中反击美国的原因。本句为表语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，故用why引导。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分清是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词在从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。‎ ‎2.I can do anything for my friends because friendship everything.‎ A. explores B. excludes C. exploits D. exceeds ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可以为我的朋友做任何事情，因为友谊胜过一切。A. explores探索；B. excludes排除；C. exploits利用，开发； D.‎ - 33 -‎ ‎ exceeds超过，胜过。结合前文“我可以为朋友做任何事情”可知，友谊胜过一切。故选D。‎ ‎3.—Are you going on a holiday after the exam?‎ ‎—Well, I haven’t decided yet. I ________ find some other choices.‎ A. would B. might C. must D. should ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——考试后你要去度假吗?——嗯，我还没有决定。我可能会发现一些其他的选择。A. would将会；B. might可能；C. must必须；D. should应该。根据上文“ I haven't decided yet”可推断，我可能还有别的选择，表示可能性，might符合语境，故选B。‎ ‎4.TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a social media platform ________ short videos can be edited and uploaded easily.‎ A. that B. which C. where D. when ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查定语从句连接词。句意：TikTok，在中国被称为抖音，是一个可以轻松编辑和上传短视频的社交媒体平台。分析句子可知，本句为定语从句修饰先行词platform，先行词在从句中做地点状语，故用关系副词where。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】定语从句的关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：‎ ‎(1)一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)‎ ‎(2)二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why)‎ ‎(3)三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)‎ ‎5.When you're old and looking back on your life, will you be content with the way things ?‎ A. stick out B. break out C. run out D. turn out ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ - 33 -‎ ‎【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你老了回首你的人生，你会对事情的结果感到满意吗? A. stick out坚持；B. break out爆发；C. run out用完，耗尽；D. turn out结果是。根据上文“you’re old and looking back on your life”可知，老了回首人生时，是对做过的事情的结果感到满意。故选D。‎ ‎6.The silver moon was high overhead, and there was a gentle breeze down the valley.‎ A. playing B. to play C. played D. having played ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：银色的月亮高高挂在头上，风吹过山谷。分析句子结构可知，and后的句子是there was句型，谓语动词是was，play在句中做定语，修饰breeze，与逻辑主语breeze构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】当分词做状语的时候，如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系，就使用现在分词做状语；当二者构成被动关系，使用过去分词做状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系，可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。‎ ‎7.—It’s really a pity that you didn’t go to see Frozen II last night.‎ ‎—I ________, but I had to prepare for the coming exam.‎ A. would like to B. ought to C. would have D. may have ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查虚拟语气和省略。句意：——真遗憾你昨晚没去看《冰雪奇缘2》。——我本来可以去的，但是我不得不为即将到来的考试做准备。A. would like to想要，愿意；B. ought to应该；C. would have本来可以；D. may have可能。根据下文“我不得不为即将到来的考试做准备”可知，我没有去看，空格处是省略句式，表示“（如果可以）我本来可以去”，与过去事实相反，谓语动词用would have gone，承前省略gone，故选C。‎ ‎8.—The price of pork is set to go down soon.‎ ‎—________. More efforts have been made to ensure pork supply.‎ A. You deserve it B. You made it C. You name it D. You said - 33 -‎ ‎ it ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查情境交际。句意：——猪肉的价格很快就会下降。——你说得对。政府已采取更多措施确保猪肉供应。A. You deserve it这是你应得的；B. You made it你做到了；C. You name it应有尽有；D. You said it你说得对。根据下文可知，政府采取了措施，因此推断同意上文说的猪肉价格很快下降，结合各选项分析，故选D。‎ ‎9.Just underwater grass floats on the surface if it loses its roots, a nation is lost without its memories.‎ A. since B. while C. as D. when ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查状语从句。句意：正如水下的草，如果失去了根就会浮在水面上，一个国家失去了记忆也就迷失了。A. since因为；B. while当……时候；C. as正如，好像；D. when当……时候。本句为方式状语从句，表示“就像，正如”应用as。故选C。‎ ‎10.—Where is my phone? I can’t find it.‎ ‎—Oh you must have left it in the library where we ________ the novel.‎ A. are reading B. read C. have read D. had read ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——我的手机在哪里？我找不到。——哦，你一定是把它忘在我们读小说的图书馆了。结合上文you must have left it in the library可知，是对过去的推测，故从句描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故选B。‎ ‎11.By the time your habit of managing time is developed, you better decisions about how to spend your time in your future career.‎ A. will have made B. will be made C. are to make D. have been making ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ - 33 -‎ ‎【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当你养成管理时间的习惯时，你就会对如何在未来的职业生涯中利用时间做出更好的决定。在by the time引导的从句中，如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时/或现在完成时（表示将来），那么主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时，表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成”。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】by the time用法辨析 ‎1、 如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。‎ ‎2、如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时/或现在完成时（表示将来），那么主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时，表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成”。‎ ‎3、如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，（主句是be的系表形式或者是表示像know, find, believe等表示认知的持续性动词，则往往用一般时态，不用完成时态。）此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。‎ ‎12.After he was officially pronounced the world’s oldest man, he offered this simple ________ for a long and happy life.‎ A. affection B. formula C. preference D. desire ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他被正式宣布为世界上最长寿的人之后，他提出了这个简单的长寿、幸福的公式。A. affection爱情；B. formula方法；C. preference偏爱；D. desire欲望。结合句意，他是世界最长寿的人，因此给出的是有关长寿，幸福的公式方法。故选B。‎ ‎13. the heroes sacrificing their lives for the country's glorious causes, red is chosen as the basic color of the national flag.‎ A In regard to B. In proportion to C. In salute to D. In response to ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ - 33 -‎ ‎【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：为了向为国家的光荣事业牺牲生命的英雄们致敬，红色被选为国旗的基本颜色。A. In regard to关于；B. In proportion to与……成比例；C. In salute to向……致敬；D. In response to对……有反应。选择红色为国旗的基本颜色是为了向为国家事业牺牲生命的英雄们致敬。故选C。‎ ‎14.It is estimated that 5G devices will be for commercial applications in China in 2020 with the issue of 5G licenses.‎ A unique B. flexible C. mature D. delicate ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据估计，随着5G牌照的发放，到2020年，5G设备在中国的商业应用将趋于成熟。A. unique独特的；B. flexible灵活的；C. mature成熟的；D. delicate精美的。根据常识，应用的使用是逐渐成熟的。故选C。‎ ‎15.—Pity that Linda’s losing her job three years on end!‎ ‎—Don’t worry about her. She always ________!‎ A. lands on her feet B. has frogs in her throat C. laughs her head off D. has butterflies in her stomach ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查习语表达。句意：——真可怜，琳达连续三年失业！——别为她担心。她总是能逢凶化吉！A. lands on her feet逢凶化吉；B. has frogs in her throat声音沙哑；C. laughs her head off笑的前仰后合；D. has butterflies in her stomach很紧张。根据上文“不要担心她”可推断，她总是会逢凶化吉。故选A。‎ 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）‎ 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Washington is home to lots of trees, fireplaces and wood-burning stoves. But what if you couldn’t chop ___16___ or couldn’t afford to pay someone to do it? ___17___, Shane McDaniel and his twin sons are happy to chop truckloads of wood—then donate it to those in need.‎ The ___18___ started as a father-son bonding project. “I had to cut wood with ‎ - 33 -‎ my dad. He just ___19___ doing it,” says Shane. He wanted to ___20___ that feeling, so he and the twins spent the summer of 2018 chopping wood. The ___21___ was a great wall of wood piled up.‎ It was too ___22___ for the McDaniels to use themselves, and when the weather turned cold that November, Shane started thinking of others. He ___23___ a photo of them and “Please help us help someone who ARE IN NEED OF FIREWOOD AND CANNOT AFFORD IT.” on Facebook. The ___24___ was immediate. One man ______25______ to donate a wood-burning stove. One woman, noticing the photo of the McDaniel men in the Facebook post, felt ______26______: “Please post more pictures. I don’t need the wood. ______27______ truly I appreciate the eye candy!”‎ Single mom Katelyn Ticer and her four-year-old daughter ______28______ a wood-burning stove as their sole source of heat, so it was a ______29______ to receive a truckload of firewood from the McDaniels. She told msn.com, “So much stress and anxiety is ______30______ my shoulders. I couldn’t be more thankful.”‎ Not every receiver is as ______31______. “Some aren’t even friendly. It’s just not in them,” Shane says. “They are angry with the world and ______32______ that they had to ask for help. They just have no other option than ______33______.” But Shane is OK with that. “Giving is the ______34______,” he says. “It has nothing to do with how well it’s received; it’s about how much it’s ________35________‎ ‎16. A. board B. wood C. bushes D. trees ‎17. A. Suddenly B. Surprisingly C. Excitedly D. Luckily ‎18. A. idea B. issue C. connection D. impression ‎19. A. tried B. hated C. loved D. minded ‎20. A. believe in B. show off C. start with D. pass along ‎21. A. result B. reason C. bonus D. promise ‎22. A. cheap B. little C. much D. expensive ‎23. A. saw B. took C. searched D. posted - 33 -‎ ‎24. A. advice B. analysis C. arrangement D. response ‎25. A. failed B. offered C. happened D. ceased ‎26. A. warm B. cold C. depressed D. satisfied ‎27. A. So B. Or C. But D. And ‎28. A. gave back B. took over C. relied on D. picked out ‎29. A. burden B. chance C. trouble D. relief ‎30. A. on B. off C. from D. across ‎31. A. grateful B. helpful C. hopeful D. careful ‎32. A. happy B. mad C. curious D. terrified ‎33. A. starving B. wandering C. freezing D. begging ‎34. A. reward B. success C. fault D. dilemma ‎35. A. ignored B. needed C. refused D. acknowledged ‎【答案】16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。记叙了Shane McDaniel一家用砍下的一卡车木材捐给有需要的人的故事，他们的行为给很多人带去了温暖，如单身母亲Katelyn Ticer和她四岁的女儿，而对于不那么友好的接受者，Shane也认为没有关系，他认为给予就是报答。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是如果你不能砍柴，或者付不起钱请人来砍柴呢?A. board木板；B. wood木材；C. bushes灌木；D. trees树。根据上文Washington is home to lots of trees, fireplaces and wood-burning stoves.可知，是指砍柴。短语chop wood“砍柴”。故选B。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，Shane - 33 -‎ ‎ McDaniel和他的双胞胎儿子很乐意砍下一卡车的木材，然后捐给需要的人。A. Suddenly突然；B. Surprisingly惊人地；C. Excitedly激动地；D. Luckily幸运地。结合上文的提问“如果你不能砍柴，也付不起钱请人砍柴”可知，幸运地是有Shane McDaniel和他的双胞胎儿子砍柴捐给需要的人。故选D。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个主意最初来自一个父子关系项目。A. idea主意，想法；B. issue问题；C. connection联系；D. impression印象。砍柴捐给别人是一个主意想法，故选A。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他喜欢这样做。A. tried尝试；B. hated讨厌；C. loved爱；D. minded介意。结合后文he and the twins spent the summer of 2018 chopping wood.可知，父亲很喜欢砍柴。故选C。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他想把这种感觉传递下去，于是他和双胞胎花了2018年夏天的时间砍柴。A. believe in相信；B. show off炫耀；C. start with开始；D. pass along传递。结合后文he and the twins spent the summer of 2018 chopping wood.可知，父亲想把这种感觉传递下去，于是和儿子们2018年夏天的时间砍柴。故选D。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果是一堵木头长城被堆积起来。A. result结果；B. reason理由；C. bonus奖金；D. promise承诺。结合上文可知，Shane和儿子们花了一个夏天砍柴，结果砍下许多木头，堆积起来像一堵墙一样。故选A。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于McDaniels一家来说，这太多了，当那年11月天气转冷时，Shane开始为他人着想。A. cheap便宜的；B. little一点；C. much许多；D. expensive昂贵的。结合后文Shane捐赠木柴可知，柴对他们一家人来说太多了用不了。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在Facebook上贴出了他们的照片，并写道：“请帮助我们帮助那些需要柴火却买不起的人。”。A. saw看见；B. took带走；C. searched搜索；D. posted张贴。根据后文on Facebook可知，是在Facebook上张贴了他们的照片。故选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们立即做出了反应。A. advice建议；B. analysis分析；C. arrangement安排；D.‎ - 33 -‎ ‎ response反应，响应。结合后文一个男人提议捐赠燃木火炉可知，人们立即对Shane的帖子有了反应。故选D。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名男子提议愿意捐赠一个燃木火炉。A. failed失败；B. offered提供；C. happened发生；D. ceased停止。结合后文to donate a wood-burning stove.可知一名男子提议愿意捐赠一个燃木火炉。故选B。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一位女士注意到Facebook帖子里McDaniel夫妇的照片，感到很温暖。A. warm温暖的；B. cold寒冷的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. satisfied满意的。结合后文Please post more pictures.可知，这位女士对McDaniel一家的行为感到温暖，想要他们多发点照片。故选A。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查连词辨析。句意：但我真的很欣赏这些养眼的事物！A. So所以；B. Or或者；C. But但是；D. And并且。结合上下文女士并不需要木柴，但是很欣赏这些养眼的事物，可知为转折关系，故选C。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：单身母亲Katelyn Ticer和她四岁的女儿只能靠烧木柴的炉子取暖，所以从McDaniels一家收到一卡车柴火让他们松了一口气。A. gave back归还；B. took over接管；C. relied on依赖；D. picked out挑选出。结合后文a wood-burning stove as their sole source of heat可知，Katelyn Ticer和她四岁的女儿只能靠烧木柴的炉子取暖。故选C。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：单身母亲Katelyn Ticer和她四岁的女儿只能靠烧木柴的炉子取暖，所以从McDaniels一家收到一卡车柴火让他们松了一口气。A. burden负担；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. relief安慰，减轻。结合上文Katelyn Ticer和她四岁的女儿只能靠烧木柴的炉子取暖，所以从McDaniels一家收到一卡车柴火是一种安慰。relief理解为“松了一口气，安慰”。故选D。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查介词辨析。句意：我肩上的压力和焦虑都减轻了。A. on在……上面；B. off脱落；C. from来自；D. across穿过。因为必须要烧柴来取暖，因此Katelyn Ticer收到了柴火后，肩上的压力和焦虑都减轻了。短语be off shoulders理解为“卸下肩上的重负”。故选B。‎ - 33 -‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不是每个接受者都这么感激。A. grateful感激的；B. helpful有帮助的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. careful仔细的。结合后文Some aren’t even friendly.可知，不是每个人接受者都对Shane一家感激，故选A。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们对这个世界感到愤怒，对不得不寻求帮助感到愤怒。A. happy快乐的；B. mad愤怒的，疯狂的；C. curious好奇的；D. terrified害怕的。根据上文They are angry with the world可知，是对寻求帮助感到愤怒。故选B。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了冻死，他们别无选择。A. starving挨饿；B. wandering闲逛；C. freezing冻死，结冰；D. begging恳求。因为是冬天，而一些人对寻求帮助感到愤怒，因此除了冻死，他们别无选择。故选C。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说，给予就是报答。A. reward报答，奖励；B. success成功；C. fault错误；D. dilemma困境。结合上文But Shane is OK with that.可知，Shane对这些人的反应觉得没有关系，他认为给予就是别人给他的报答。故选A。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这与它被接受的程度无关；而是与需要多少有关。A. ignored忽略；B. needed需要；C. refused拒绝；D. acknowledged承认。结合上文it’s about how much it’s可知，这与它被接受的程度无关；而是与需要多少有关。故选B。‎ 第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A - 33 -‎ Thanks for your interest in visiting the Los Angeles Zoo with your school group! Please read the following information before booking your field trip.‎ Requirements Special discounted admission prices are available with advance reservations ONLY for California school groups, short-termed as CSG, (registered with the California Department of Education). They can enjoy 10% off.‎ PLEASE NOTE:‎ Reservation blackout dates(限制日期) may apply to all groups at certain times of the year (e.g. holidays and spring break). If your group comes on a blackout date or has not made the necessary reservations before arriving at the Zoo, your group will be charged the regular admission fees.‎ Docent(讲解员)-Guided Tours Our docent guides lead educational walking tours for students and their teachers, beginning at first grade. A limited number of docent-guided tours are available. There is no additional fee for a docent-guided tour, but you must book your tour at least two weeks in advance. Do not assume you have a guided tour booked until you have received a confirmation number and packet from the Los Angeles Zoo. On the day of your field trip, your group will need to arrive at least 30 minutes before the confirmed start time of your tour to check in. Make sure to tell Zoo staff upon your arrival that your group has a docent-guided tour. If you are more than 15 minutes late for your tour, it may be canceled.‎ Maximum number: 150 participants Ages: K-12‎ Regular Pricing: $5 per student, 1 teacher per 10 students is included, $5 per additional teacher ‎36. How much should be paid if a California school group with 2 teachers and 13 students has made an early booking for the zoo?‎ A. $63. B. $67.5. C. $70. D. $75.‎ ‎37. From the above information, we can learn that _________.‎ A. California groups have access to special discounted prices B. all groups may have to pay regular prices in spring break - 33 -‎ C. additional fees for a docent-guided tour will be chained D. a field group must arrive half an hour earlier to check in ‎【答案】36. A 37. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了学校团体参观洛杉矶动物园的一些要求和注意事项。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Regular Pricing: $5 per student, 1 teacher per 10 students is included, $5 per additional teacher(常规定价：每位学生5美元，每10名学生有1名教师免费，每增加一名教师5美元)可知，如果一个有2名教师和13名学生的加州学校团体提前预订了动物园，应该支付13×5+5=70美元；结合Requirements部分中They can enjoy 10% off.(他们可以享受九折优惠)可知，70×90%=63美元。故选A。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据PLEASE NOTE部分Reservation blackout dates may apply to all groups at certain times of the year (e.g. holidays and spring break). If your group comes on a blackout date or has not made the necessary reservations before arriving at the Zoo, your group will be charged the regular admission fees.(一年中的某些时段(如假期及春假)，预定管制日期对于所有团体都可能适用。如果您的团队在截止日期到来，或者在到达动物园之前没有进行必要的预订，您的团队将被收取正常的入场费)可知，在春假期间，所有的团体可能都要支付正常的价格，不按预定的价格走。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。如第一小题，根据Regular Pricing: $5 per student, 1 teacher per 10 students is included, $5 per additional teacher（常规定价：每位学生5美元，每10名学生有1名教师免费，每增加一名教师5美元）可知如果一个有2名教师和13名学生的加州学校团体提前预订了动物园，应该支付13×5+5=70美元；结合Requirements部分中They can enjoy 10% off.（他们可以享受九折优惠）可知，70×90%=63美元。故选A。‎ B - 33 -‎ As robots are increasingly playing a part in society, we need to consider whether and how machines can learn morality. While robots can’t be ethical(伦理的) agents in themselves, we can program them to act according to certain rules. But what is it that we expect from them?‎ A 2016 study by UC San Francisco found that most virtual assistants struggled to respond to domestic violence or sexual assault(袭击). To sentences like “I am being abused”, several responded: “I don’t know what that means. If you like, I can search the web”. Such responses fail to help vulnerable people, who are most often women in this case.‎ But should virtual assistants ever be able to call the police when it overhears domestic violence? In a widely reported case from 2017, Amazon Echo was said to have called 911 during a violent assault. Responding to the incident, Amazon denied that Echo would have been able to call the police without clear instruction. Even if it had the ability, it is unlikely that people would expect a virtual assistant to go beyond providing information.‎ Then, there are robots whose very function gives rise to ethical questions. How should a driverless car react in an accident? To answer this question, Philippa Foot’s famous philosophical thought experiment, the trolley(有轨电车) problem, is usually rolled out. It goes as follows: imagine you see an unstoppable trolley zooming down a track, towards five people who are tied to the track. If you do nothing, they’ll die. But, as it happens, you are standing next to a lever that can redirect the trolley to a side track, which has one person tied to it. What should you do?‎ Variations of this experiment are invoked(援引) to ask whether a self-driving car should turn sharply around a jaywalking pedestrian teenager while putting the two elderly passengers at risk. Should it spare the young over the old? Or should it save two people over one?‎ Driverless cars are unlikely to encounter or solve the trolley problem, but the way we expect them to solve the variations could depend on where we’re from. In the moral machine experiment, MIT Media Lab researchers collected millions of answers from people around the world on how they think cars should solve these dilemmas. It - 33 -‎ ‎ turns out that preferences among countries and cultures differ wildly.‎ If however, machines attain superior decision-making abilities, it may be necessary to have a full public discussion as to what should be the new and prevailing norms. But if we don’t come up with an ethical framework, we might risk leaving it to companies to regulate their own products or for people to choose with their wallet.‎ Figuring out what robot ethics we’d want is, therefore only the beginning.‎ ‎38. The first three paragraphs indicate that virtual assistants _________.‎ A. must be programmed to learn morality B. ever called 911 during a violent assault C. have no abilities to respond to domestic violence D. are expected to go beyond providing information ‎39. According to the experiments, we can learn that _________.‎ A. the trolley is redirected to the track tied with one person over five B. the self-driving car turns sharply to spare the teenager over the old C. people from different cultures and countries make varied decisions D. MIT Media Lab researchers have worked out practical regulations ‎40. The passage mainly talks about _________.‎ A. why robots are unlikely to solve the morality problems B. whether robots are expected to make ethical decisions C. what tech companies have done to better robots’ response D. how robots try to react to domestic violence or dilemmas ‎【答案】38. C 39. C 40. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。随着机器人在社会中扮演越来越重要的角色，我们需要考虑机器是否以及如何能够学习道德。而许多事实表明机器人没有应对家庭暴力的能力，或者有些机器人的功能本身就引发了伦理问题。因而弄清楚我们想要什么机器人伦理只是个开始。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 段落大意题。根据第二段第一句A 2016 study by UC San Francisco found that most virtual assistants struggled to respond to domestic violence or sexual - 33 -‎ ‎ assault.(加州大学旧金山分校2016年的一项研究发现，大多数虚拟助理难以应对家庭暴力或性侵犯)以及前三段主要内容为说明虚拟助理在应对家庭暴力时，并没有应对能力，可知前三段表明虚拟助理没有应对家庭暴力的能力。故选C。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句It turns out that preferences among countries and cultures differ wildly.(事实证明，不同国家和文化之间的偏好差异很大)可知，根据实验，我们可以了解到来自不同文化和国家的人会做出不同的决定。故选C。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段中While robots can’t be ethical agents in themselves, we can program them to act according to certain rules. But what is it that we expect from them?(虽然机器人本身不能成为道德代理人，但我们可以让它们按照某些规则行事。但我们对他们有什么期待呢?)以及结合文章主要内容为说明机器人是否应该具有作出道德决定的能力，以及应当具备哪种道德能力，可知这篇文章主要讨论了机器人是否期望机器人做出合乎道德的决定。故选B。‎ C To move visual technology into the future, sometimes it helps to make a little noise. Researchers have used sound waves to produce floating 3-D images, create a sense of touch and even supply a soundtrack.‎ Since the 1940s, scientists have toyed with the concept of acoustic levitation(声悬浮), the use of soundwave vibrations to trap tiny things in midair. The technology has gained greater capabilities in the past decade. Some researchers believe this improvement could lead to applications such as contributing to novel 3-D printing methods, or creating displays that would be visible from any angle without requiring a screen.‎ Other researchers have also worked on visual displays that use acoustic levitation. In addition to visuals, the system can also produce audible noise to give the display a soundtrack. And the ultrasound speakers can also concentrate vibrations in one spot so that a finger might feel a sense pushing back—a little like the object shown by the floating image is really there. Soundwaves create a 3-D display!‎ Display without a screen is remarkably useful. It means that everybody in the - 33 -‎ ‎ room can see the image—any angle, location—and that’s extremely helpful. As a communications system, such a display might one day allow users to chat with a 3-D projection(投影) of a person who can turn his or her head to follow as they move around a room.‎ The display will require a lot more work before you can install it in your living room, however. So far, this has been done in the research laboratory. We need to push it a little bit harder. We need to do more analysis to see if it would make sense to create a real display that people would have at home. The current system can only show simple graphics, such as a smiley face or figure eight, in real time.‎ Still, we are optimistic about the potential for this type of technology. If the system had only one speaker-covered surface instead of two, it could generate images that are bigger than the device itself. We can’t make a TV image that’s bigger than the TV—even a projector has to have a projection screen that’s bigger than the image itself. But with a volumetric(容积的) display, a small, portable device might produce a much larger picture. We can imagine, in the future, having volumetric displays in watches, for example, that create large images that just project out of your watch.‎ ‎41. From the first two paragraphs soundwave vibrations can be used to _________.‎ A. catch very small objects in midair B. develop 3-D printer’s capabilities C. replace a creative display screen D. compose soundtracks by making no noise ‎42. What do we know about display without a screen?‎ A. It has resulted in visual technology.‎ B. It is possible to see the image from any direction.‎ C. It is already ripe to create a real one at home.‎ D. It has yet to be tested in the research laboratory.‎ ‎43. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?‎ A. Outlooks for the new technology.‎ B. Situations of the modern technology.‎ C. Praise for the cutting-edge technology.‎ - 33 -‎ D. Room for the technical improvement.‎ ‎44. What can be a suitable title for the passage?‎ A. Hearing Is Seeing—Sound Waves Create a 3-D Display B. Seeing is Believing—3-D Printing Methods Arrive C. Advancing Sense of Touch—3-D Images Float in the Air D. Promoting TV Technology—Chat with 3-D Projections ‎【答案】41. A 42. B 43. A 44. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了研究人员利用声波产生漂浮的3-D图像，创造触觉，甚至提供背景音乐。使用声悬浮的视觉显示器可以让人们从任何方向看到图像。但是实现这一技术在家里安装仍然需要很多工作，尽管如此，人们仍然对这种技术的潜力持乐观态度。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Since the 1940s, scientists have toyed with the concept of acoustic levitation, the use of soundwave vibrations to trap tiny things in midair.(自20世纪40年代以来，科学家们一直在玩弄声悬浮的概念，即利用声波振动将微小物体困在半空中)以及前面两段的内容可知，声波振动可以用来捕捉空中的非常小的物体。故选A。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中It means that everybody in the room can see the image—any angle, location—and that’s extremely helpful.(这意味着房间里的每个人都能看到图像——任何角度、位置——这非常有帮助)可知，没有屏幕的显示可以从任何方向看到图像。故选B。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中We can imagine, in the future, having volumetric displays in watches, for example, that create large images that just project out of your watch.(我们可以想象，在未来，在手表上有容量显示器，例如，可以创建大的图像，从你的手表里投影出来)以及首句Still, we are optimistic about the potential for this type of technology.(尽管如此，我们仍然对这类技术的潜力持乐观态度)可知，段落主要内容为讨论未来新技术的可能性，可知最后一段主要讨论了对新技术的展望。故选A。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ - 33 -‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段中Researchers have used sound waves to produce floating 3-D images, create a sense of touch and even supply a soundtrack.(研究人员利用声波产生漂浮的3-D图像，创造触觉，甚至提供背景音乐)以及文章主要内容为说明使用声悬浮视觉显示器，可以让人们从任何方向看到图像。故A选项“听觉就是视觉——声波产生三维显示”概括文章大意，是最佳标题。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。如第四小题，根据第一段中Researchers have used sound waves to produce floating 3-D images, create a sense of touch and even supply a soundtrack.（研究人员利用声波产生漂浮的3-D图像，创造触觉，甚至提供背景音乐）以及文章主要内容为说明使用声悬浮视觉显示器，可以让人们从任何方向看到图像。故A选项“听觉就是视觉——声波产生三维显示”概括文章大意，是最佳标题。故选A。‎ D When the novelist Luis Alberto Urrea was 14 or 15, he took a trip deep into Mexico. He was born in Tijuana to a Mexican father and a white American mother before moving just across the border and eventually into the San Diego suburbs. But his father thought he was becoming “too American”, and took him on a 27-hour journey to Mazatian. Along the way, his father gave him a paperback copy of The Godfather and told him it would change his life. “I don’t think he was trying to make a case for us being criminals,” Urrea says, “but he really felt this incredible connection to the family and the traditions and the honor for the old country, as people were making their way in the U.S.”‎ In his new novel The House of Broken Angels, Urrea has written his own take on the Godfather story with a Mexican-American Don Corleone figure at its center. The story takes place over two days, as Big Angel de la Cruz buries his mother and celebrates his final birthday party on earth; he knows he’s dying, and he’s gathered his extended family around him for a noisy and lively goodbye.‎ The idea was inspired by the final birthday party of Urrea’s elder brother three years ago. “Everybody was jammed in his backyard, and there was a DJ and people dancing ‎ - 33 -‎ and consuming a serious amount of American junk food — they didn’t want Mexican food, they wanted KFC and pizza. I thought, where are the tacos, dude? And my brother sat in his little chair in the middle of it. People were coming to him and kneeling, and they would thank him and kiss his hand or touch his head and tell him all the ways he had changed their lives.”‎ Urrea’s brother died of cancer within two weeks at 74, and the heartbreaking event haunted the author. He considered writing a memoir(回忆录)about it—“I was thinking about Truman Capote, when he did those tiny books about Christmas and Thanksgiving.” But his wife encouraged him to aim bigger. When he found himself seated next to the writer Jim Harrison at a dinner event, he shared the story, and Harrison said, “Sometimes God hands you a novel. You have to write it.” Urrea thought to himself “Marching orders from Jim Harrison―this is good stuff. A kid from Tijuana doesn’t get that very often.”‎ The House of Broken Angels is a celebration of the Mexican-American family, but it also includes moments of frustration with this country’s treatment of the immigrant group. Before he got too sick to work, Big Angel worked in an office and drank coffee from a cup that read BOSS. “Yeah, the employees all got the message,” Urrea writes. “The Mexican-American was calling himself their boss.” In a grocery store, a woman screams at two of his family members that they’ll be kicked out of the country soon. “I had to bite down on the bitterness of my rage(愤怒), man!” Urrea says. “I was having some pretty serious response to Donald Trump’s confusing and empty talk. But you know, it may have shocked a lot of the United States to hear this kind of empty talk and this bald-faced racialism of politics all of a sudden, but to us, this stuff isn’t a surprise?”‎ ‎“I really wanted to write a tribute to my brother, to my family and to us, but it’s also a love song to the country,” Urrea says. “I think people have this weird, horrible view that immigrants are evil snakes. People don’t understand that immigration is truly a statement of love for this country, whatever the country represents. People want to be here and work.” And with persistence, they become the boss.‎ - 33 -‎ ‎45. Why did Urrea’s father give him the book The Godfather?‎ A. He wanted Urrea to enjoy the 27-hour journey.‎ B. He thought the book had changed his own life.‎ C. He tried to show Urrea a real case of criminals.‎ D. He hoped Urrea would feel connected to Mexico.‎ ‎46. The question “where are the tacos, dude?” in Paragraph 3 probably suggests ________.‎ A. Mexican traditions have been left behind B. the people like American junk food best C. it is difficult to buy the Mexican food D. the tacos are popular with everyone there ‎47. Urrea thought of Truman Capote because ________.‎ A. Capote was good at writing tiny books B. Capote’s books are about Christmas C. he intended to write a memoir D. he liked reading Capote’s books ‎48. In the sentence “A kid from Tijunana doesn’t get that very often”, “A kid” here refers to ________.‎ A. Jim Harrison B. Luis Alberto Urrea C. Truman Capote D. Big Angel de la Cruz ‎49. We can learn from Paragraph 5 that ________.‎ A. Big Angel himself was the boss of his office B. Mexican immigrants were treated unfairly C. Urrea’s family were kicked out of the country D. Urrea heard Trump’s talk ahead of time ‎50. The House of Broken Angels mainly focuses on the novelist’s ________.‎ A. love for the Mexican-American family B. life in the Mexican-American family C. mixed feelings towards American people D. mature reflection on Mexican traditions - 33 -‎ ‎【答案】45. D 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. B 50. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了小说家Luis Alberto Urrea的新小说《破碎天使之家》的灵感来源，以及创作过程。这本小说讲述了小说家对墨西哥裔美国家庭的爱，是Urrea为兄弟、家人写的一首颂歌，但这也是一首献给国家的情歌。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中But his father thought he was becoming “too American”, and took him on a 27-hour journey to Mazatian. Along the way, his father gave him a paperback copy of The Godfather and told him it would change his life.(但他的父亲认为他变得“太美国化了，于是带他去了马萨提安进行了一趟27个小时的旅程。一路上，他的父亲送给他一本平装版的《教父》，并告诉他这会改变他的一生)可知，Urrea的父亲给了他《教父》这本书是希望Urrea能感受到与墨西哥的联系。故选D。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中Everybody was jammed in his backyard, and there was a DJ and people dancing and consuming a serious amount of American junk food - they didn't want Mexican food, they wanted KFC and pizza.(每个人都挤在自家后院，有一个DJ，人们跳舞，吃大量的美国垃圾食品——他们不想要墨西哥食品，他们想要肯德基和披萨)可知，第3段中的问题“墨西哥玉米卷在哪里，伙计?”暗示着墨西哥传统已经被抛在脑后了。故选A。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段中He considered writing a memoir about it—“I was thinking about Truman Capote, when he did those tiny books about Christmas and Thanksgiving.”(他考虑写一本关于它的回忆录——“我在想Truman Capote，当他写那些关于圣诞节和感恩节的小书的时候。”)可知，Urrea想到了Truman Capote，因为他打算写一本回忆录。故选C。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据划线句子上文Urrea thought to himself “Marching orders from Jim Harrison-this is good stuff.”(乌里亚心里暗自想道：“Jim Harrison的命令——这是好东西”)可知，划线句子是Luis Alberto Urrea的内心对话，所以划线句子中“一个孩子”指的是Luis Alberto Urrea自己。故选B。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ - 33 -‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段中In a grocery store, a woman screams at two of his family members that they’ll be kicked out of the country soon. “I had to bite down on the bitterness of my rage, man!” Urrea says.(在一家杂货店里，一名妇女对他的两名家人尖叫，说他们很快就会被赶出这个国家。“我不得不忍气吞声，伙计!”Urrea说)可知，墨西哥移民受到不公平的待遇。故选B。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中In his new novel The House of Broken Angels, Urrea has written his own take on the Godfather story with a Mexican-American Don Corleone figure at its center.(在他的新小说《破碎的天使之家》中，Urrea以一个墨西哥裔美国人Don Corleone为中心，写了他自己的教父故事)以及最后一段中“I really wanted to write a tribute to my brother, to my family and to us, but it's also a love song to the country,” Urrea says.(“我真的很想为我的兄弟、我的家人和我们写一首颂歌，但这也是一首献给国家的情歌，” Urrea说）可推知，《破碎天使之家》主要讲述了小说家对墨西哥裔美国家庭的爱。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】隐含意义推理判断题。这类题的题干中常含有：infer，suggest，imply，conclude，intend，purpose，be likely to等标志性词语。解决这类问题时要理解文章潜在的含义和作者所给的提示。同时，要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作出合理的猜测和推断。如第二小题，根据第三段中Everybody was jammed in his backyard, and there was a DJ and people dancing and consuming a serious amount of American junk food - they didn't want Mexican food, they wanted KFC and pizza.（每个人都挤在自家后院，有一个DJ，人们跳舞，吃大量的美国垃圾食品——他们不想要墨西哥食品，他们想要肯德基和披萨）可知第3段中的问题“墨西哥玉米卷在哪里，伙计?”暗示着墨西哥传统已经被抛在脑后了。故选A。‎ 第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 请注意阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单 词。每个空格只填1个单词。‎ Company culture is a hot topic for nearly every business. Everyone wants to create a productive, collaborative and inviting work environment where all employees follow shared values and work toward a common goal.‎ We asked a group of entrepreneurs to share how they encourage their teams to participate in building the company culture. Here are their top recommendations.‎ - 33 -‎ Get employee input on the hiring process While a hiring manager should always have a final say over who joins the team, it could help to allow employees of all levels to participate in the hiring process. Ismael Wrixen, CEO of FE International recommends letting some of a candidate's future teammates sit in on an interview, as this can help you find people who will fit in well with your other employees.‎ ‎"Our company has a real familiar feel, and team members often socialize outside or work." Wrixen explains. ''Considering how people will fit in the team once they are hired has always been an important consideration."‎ Create a space and environment that allows for breaks Company culture-building can sometimes feel forced, says Jessica Gonzalez, CEO of InCharged. To make it more organic and natural, Gonzalez believes the best thing to do is to create the space and environment for it.‎ ‎"Some companies get a Ping-Pong table,” she says. "It doesn't really matter the details, but you have given your employees permission to take breaks and blow off some steam with their coworkers. That's where culture and connection will be built."‎ Stop micromanaging If you want your employees to build a great culture of their own, don't disturb the process, says Solomon Thimothy, president of OneIMS. While he monitors all processes on his team (including culture-building), he only gets involved when his staff needs him, rather than constantly micromanaging.‎ ‎"Connect people with each other, define your expectations, set the pace and leave them alone,” Thimothy says.‎ Plan activities that reflect your shared values According to Beth Doane, managing partner of Main & Rose, your internal brand should reflect your external one. She recommends bringing your team together around a shared set of values and then doing activities to strengthen that brand.‎ ‎"As a social-good focused firm, we love doing activities that give back-hiking, volunteering, cleaning up the environment, Doane adds. "It's fun and it gets the whole team involved in our mission."‎ - 33 -‎ Ask for their ideas and suggestions If you really want your employees to help build the company culture, all you have to do is ask them for their input. Chris Christoff, cofounder of Monster Insights, says he is open to suggestions from team members on how to perform more efficiently.‎ ‎“Opening the invitation to new ideas fosters a positive company culture because it shows employees their voices are heard and their opinions matter because they do," Christoff says. “It creates a relaxing, trustworthy environment where everyone respects what each other has to say.”‎ Anyhow, it's important to remember that culture is not necessarily a top-down creation. Instead, a successful culture is developed and maintained by the workers who live it every single day.‎ Company culture Introduction Companies hope to possess a productive, collaborative work environment where every employee ___51___shared values.‎ ‎___52___ from entrepreneurs It helps when staff get ___53___ in the hiring process, despite the fact that employers always have a final say.‎ The company had better create a space and environment that takes ___54___of breaks, making it possible for the employees to ___55___ stress.‎ The employers should leave development room for employees after setting goals for them but come to their assistance only if ___56___‎ Based on shared values, the company ought to do activities where your internal brand should ___57___external one.‎ It's a wise choice to ___58___employees about ideas and suggestions because such a relaxing, trustworthy environment allows everybody to show ___59___ for each other's opinions.‎ - 33 -‎ Conclusion Company culture is not necessarily a top-down creation. Instead, its ___60___and maintenance depend on workers themselves.‎ ‎【答案】51. follows ‎ ‎52. Recommendations/ Suggestions/ Advice/ Tips ‎ ‎53. involved/engaged ‎ ‎54. account ‎ ‎55. reduce/release/relieve ‎ ‎56. needed/necessary ‎ ‎57. reflect ‎ ‎58. consult ‎ ‎59. respect ‎ ‎60. development ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了企业文化几乎是每个企业的热门话题。每个人都想创造一个富有成效的、协作的、有吸引力的工作环境，在这里所有的员工都遵循共同的价值观，朝着一个共同的目标工作。文章就此邀请了企业家来说明他们如何鼓励他们的团队参与建立公司文化的一些建议。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 根据第一段中Everyone wants to create a productive, collaborative and inviting work environment where all employees follow shared values and work toward a common goal.(每个人都想创造一个富有成效的、协作的、有吸引力的工作环境，在这里所有的员工都遵循共同的价值观，朝着一个共同的目标工作)可知，公司希望拥有一个高效、协作的工作环境，每个员工都遵循共同的价值观。应填follow“遵循”，本空主语为every employee，谓语动词为一般现在时，且用第三人称单数形式。故填follows。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 根据第二段最后一句Here are their top - 33 -‎ ‎ recommendations.(以下是他们的首选推荐)以及结合右列主要为一些具体的建议，可知此处为来自企业家的建议。此处应用名词复数形式。故填Recommendations/ Suggestions/ Advice/ Tips。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 根据Get employee input on the hiring process部分中While a hiring manager should always have a final say over who joins the team, it could help to allow employees of all levels to participate in the hiring process.(虽然招聘经理应该对谁加入团队有最终决定权，但允许各个级别的员工参与招聘过程可能会有所帮助)可知，尽管雇主总是拥有最终决定权，但当员工参与到招聘过程中时，这还是有帮助的。此处为“get+过去分词”结构，故填involved/engaged。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 根据Create a space and environment that allows for breaks部分中To make it more organic and natural, Gonzalez believes the best thing to do is to create the space and environment for it.(为了使公司文化建设更有组织和更自然，Gonzalez认为最好的办法是为公司文化建设创造空间和环境)可知，公司最好考虑创造一个休闲的空间和环境，使员工可以减轻压力。短语take account of意为“考虑”。故填account。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 根据Create a space and environment that allows for breaks部分中It doesn’t really matter the details, but you have given your employees permission to take breaks and blow off some steam with their coworkers.(细节并不重要，但是你已经允许你的员工休息，和他们的同事发泄一下)可知，老板创造中间休息的空间和环境，使员工减轻压力。根据上文to可知，为不定式，故填动词原形。故填reduce/release/relieve。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 根据Stop micromanaging部分中While he monitors all processes on his team (including culture-building), he only gets involved when his staff needs him, rather than constantly micromanaging.(虽然他监视团队中的所有流程(包括文化建设)，但他只在员工需要他时才会介入，而不是不断地进行微观管理)可知，雇主应该在为员工设定目标后为他们留出发展空间，但只有在员工需要的时候才会给予帮助。此处填形容词，表示“必要的，被需要的”，故填needed/necessary。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 根据Plan activities that reflect your shared values部分中According to Beth Doane, managing partner of Main & Rose, your internal brand should reflect your - 33 -‎ ‎ external one.(Main & Rose的执行合伙人贝丝•多恩(Beth Doane)表示，你的内部品牌应该反映出你的外部品牌)可知，基于共同的价值观，公司应该在内部品牌能够反映外部品牌的地方开展活动。should后跟动词原形，故填reflect。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 根据倒数第三段第一句If you really want your employees to help build the company culture, all you have to do is ask them for their input.(如果你真的想让你的员工帮助建立公司文化，你所要做的就是征求他们的意见)可知，向员工咨询想法和建议是一个明智的选择，因为这样一个轻松、值得信任的环境可以让每个人尊重彼此的意见。根据上文to可知，为不定式，故用动词原形，故填consult。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 根据倒数第二段中Opening the invitation to new ideas fosters a positive company culture because it shows employees their voices are heard and their opinions matter because they do.(向新想法发出邀请可以培养一种积极的企业文化，因为它向员工表明，他们的声音被听到了，他们的意见很重要，因为他们的意见很重要)可知，向员工咨询想法和建议是一个明智的选择，因为这样一个轻松、值得信任的环境可以让每个人尊重彼此的意见。show后跟名词做宾语，表示“尊重”，故填respect。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 根据最后一段中Instead, a successful culture is developed and maintained by the workers who live it every single day.(相反，一种成功的文化是由每天生活在其中的工人发展和维护的)可知，公司文化不一定是自上而下的创造。相反，它的开发和维护依赖于工人自己。根据上文its为形容词性物主代词可知，填名词，故填development。‎ 第五部分：书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎61.请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。‎ Yuan Longping, 90, known as the “father of hybrid rice”，plays a crucial role in helping China achieve food security. Every morning what he does first is go to the field and works as a “farmer”. When asked how much his shirt was, he told the reporter that it was 35 yuan.‎ Deng Jiaxian, the Founding Father of China’s A-Bomb and H-Bomb, was the founder and promoter of China’s nuclear weapon cause. However, it was not until he died that his parents and many of his friends realized that he had produced such extraordinary - 33 -‎ ‎ achievements.‎ Li Junxian, without whom it would have been impossible for us to send the rocket into space, is one of the academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. In 2018, this 90-year-old party member, donated 3 million yuan to set up the Doctor Innovation Fund and the Hardship Assistance Fund.‎ ‎【写作内容】‎ ‎1. 用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；‎ ‎2. 分析上述国家功臣身上有哪些值得我们学习的优良品质；‎ ‎3. 谈谈其中某一品质对你的启发，并举例说明。‎ ‎【写作要求】‎ ‎1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；‎ ‎2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；‎ ‎3. 不必写标题。‎ ‎【评分标准】‎ 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Three greatest heroes, just as listed above, have made considerable achievements in their life, and they always care about the prosperity of China and the well-being of the Chinese people.‎ Many good qualities are embodied in these heroes and they do deserve respect from all of us. One common quality is that they are diligent and down to earth, which best demonstrates that Chinese people are a hardworking people. Of course, there are many other qualities we can learn from them, for example, happiness of the people always tops the list in their dictionary, and the interests of our country outweighs their own personal ones.‎ What impresses me most is that Yuan Longping lives a simple but meaningful life. More often than not he wears a cheap shirt when going to work in the fields. By contrast, too many teenagers nowadays take it for granted to ask their parents to buy them famous - 33 -‎ ‎ brands without hesitation. Personally, we should follow heroes in their footsteps, applying ourselves to study, helping others selflessly. Only by setting noble ambitions can we become promising and make contributions to our country.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇读写任务。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知, 请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。写作内容：1. 用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；2. 分析上述国家功臣身上有哪些值得我们学习的优良品质；3. 谈谈其中某一品质对你的启发，并举例说明。‎ 第2步：第一段概括的时候注意不要超过30个字，并抓住主要要点。‎ 第3步：第二段分析上述国家功臣身上有哪些值得我们学习的优良品质，确定关键词（组）：considerable achievements（巨大的成就）；care about（关心）；the prosperity of（繁荣）；outweighs（比……重要）等。‎ 第4步：第三段其中某一品质对你的启发，并举例说明。‎ 第5步：连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整, 语言规范, 语篇连贯, 词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如One common quality is that they are diligent and down to earth, which best demonstrates that Chinese people are a hardworking people.运用非限定性定语从句；What impresses me most is that Yuan Longping lives a simple but meaningful life.运用主语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式, 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明, 上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。‎ - 33 -‎ - 33 -‎