2018届二轮复习英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧课件（40页） 40页

2018 届二轮复习 阅读理解专题 词义猜测技巧探秘 If you come across new words when reading, What will you do ? Ignore ( 忽略） them and continue reading Look them up in the dictionary Guess the meaning How to guess the meanings of words 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有 ： 1. The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _______. 2.The word “…” is most likely to mean ______. 3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for? 4. The underlined word “…” means ______. ...... 1. Definition 定义法 3. Similarity 相似法 2. Contrast 对比法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example 例举法 8. Common Sense 普通常识 6. Word Formation 构词法 猜测词义 7. Context 上下文 It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily. 1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。 ( adj. 易碎的 , 脆的 ) The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ( n. 牧羊人 ) 2. Contrast 对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。 表示对比的词有 but、while、however、 otherwise 、 unlike; instead, on the other hand... Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented . She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly A ( v. 不同意 ) 3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。 Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted. ( adj. 巨大的 ; 极大的 ) 4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitions in one day. ( adj. 贫穷的 , 穷困的 ) ( adj. 大的 ) 因果关系 With the help of conjunctions like: because, as ， since ， for ， so ， thus ， as a result ， therefore ， so that ， etc. 5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有 for instance, for example, such as 等 。 Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances , for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. ( n. 电器用具 ) 6. Word Formation 构词法 ： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。 With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. (2003NMET) unconditional: 无条件的 , 绝对的 adj. condition condition al 情况，条件 n. 有条件的 adj. un condition al : nonjudgmental : 没有判断力的 judge judg ment judg ment al 判断 v. 判断 n. adj . non judg ment al : 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super- ( 超 ) mini- ( 极小的 , 微小的 ) micro- （极微小的） re- （再，反复） mis - （误，恶） im - （不） un- （不，非） in- （不，非） non- （不，非） -able （能 … 的 ） -less （不，无） -wards ( 向 ) superman microwave ( 超人) nonnatural mispronouce ( 非自然的) homeless nonsmoker ( 无家可归的) rebuild eastwards ( 重建 ) Can you guess the right meanings? ( 微波 ) ( 非烟民 ) ( 发错音 ) ( 向东 ) Eg. I’m going to buy a microbus . micro+bus 微型公共汽车 1) He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. A. see clearly B. understand C. expect B 7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。 Tom saw an owl in a tree last night． A．a bird B．an animal C. a star 2） Tom saw an owl last night． A．a bird B．an animal C. a star Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got near． A．a bird B．an animal C. a star A A B C A B ( n. 猫头鹰 ) 3 ） The children are looking at an ape . A．a kind of monkey B．a kind of tree C．a kind of bird The children are looking at an ape at the zoo． A．a kind of monkey B．a kind of tree C．a kind of bird The children are looking at a large, hairy ape at the zoo． A．a kind of monkey B．a kind of tree C．a kind of bird A A B C. A C ( n. 猿 ) 8. Common sense 普通常识： 根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。 在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient ， he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious ， because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. n. 麻醉剂 ( 药 ) Inquiry-based Activities (I) 探究活动 (1) Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words? ---------------------------------------------------- 1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山 B. 树枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰 2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever 3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用 B. 借出 C. 购买 D. 参观 C A B 4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest 5. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady. A. 爱猫的 B. 古怪的 C. 闲不住 D. 动物保护主义者 6. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱 A B C 7. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type. A. 活泼的 B. 好动的 C. 爱说话的 D. 可爱的 8. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city. A. town B. capital C. countryside D. house 9. This boy is not stupid, on the contrary, no one could be more intelligent . A. 勤奋的 B. 愚蠢的 C. 聪明的 D. 情报 C C C 10. Children are always boasting . They say things like “My Dad’s car is bigger than your Dad’s, ” “ My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.” The word “ boasting ” means _____. A. 骄傲 B. 吹牛 C. 顽皮 D. 幼稚 B Inquiry-based Activities (II) 探究活动 (2) Passage 1. We can not feel speed. But our sense let us know that we are moving. We see things moving past and feel that we are being shaken. We can feel acceleration , an increase in speed. But we notice it for only a short time. For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane. 1. Acceleration is the name for _______. A. any kind of movement B. the movement of a plane C. a steady speed D. an increase in speed Passage 2. All the athletes try to be at the closing ceremony. They have forgotten all their fears and worries. It does not matter whether they have done well or not. All the teams walk round the stadium together. Everybody in the village clears up and gets ready to leave. Everyone is hunting for local products. People exchange track suits, hats, running vest and so on. There is a last chance to take photographs and get addresses of new friends. Then each team starts its journey home. 5. The underline phrase “clears up” in the paragraph means______. A. packs up B. goes away C. makes clear D. does the cleaning Passage 3 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished . A few members of the Senate ( 参议院 ) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. The underlined word “ banished ” mean_______. A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping B Passage 4 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a stick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. What does the underlined word “ tedious ” probably mean? A. interesting B. tiresome C. relaxing D. challenging B Passage 5 Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. The word “ jeopardize ” means _____ in this text. A. protect B. endanger C. continue D. stop B 同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。 教师点评 1. Definition 定义法 3. Similarity 相似法 2. Contrast 对比法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example 例举法 8. Common Sense 普通常识 6. Word Formation 构词法 猜测词义 7. Context 上下文 Summary Homework: 运用今天所学到的解题方法， 完成印发的 《 模拟试卷 》 阅读理解练习。 Thank you for listening! Bye~~!