2019届二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意类型试题解题指导课件（共235张PPT） 235页

2019 届二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意 类型 解题指导 1 . 仔细审题 , 看好范围。要先搞清楚是问某一段段意还是全文的中心思想。 2 . 迅速浏览全段或全文。 在阅读中 , 要利用有关信息词确定主题句的位置 , 比如在 for example,first,second 等之前的句子中或在 all in all,above all 之后的句子中寻找并确定。 主旨大意题一般涉及概括文章主旨、段落大意和选择文章标题等形式。主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题 , 属于能力型题目。要做好主旨大意题 , 应做到 : 3 . 关注全文或段落的首句和尾句。文章或段落的首句和末句常常是主旨要义的体现 , 段落中出现转折时 , 该句很可能是主题句 ; 作者有意识地反复强调的观点通常是文章的主旨 ; 首段出现疑问句时 , 对该问题的解答通常就是文章主旨 ; 同时还要注意那些提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示 :therefore,thus,but,however,in short 等。 4 . 进行分析概括 , 准确找出主旨要义。对于主题隐含的段落 , 要先弄清问题的意思 , 然后快速通读文章 , 逐项排除 , 最终确定答案。 5 . 所选标题要与文章主旨吻合一致。标题的选择要避免三种错误 : 以偏概全 ( 表现为部分代替整体 ); 概括过度 ( 表现为人为扩大范围 ); 以文章中的某个事实或细节代替高度概括的主旨大意。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 1 (2017 全国 Ⅰ ,C) Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music,its significance,and its potential as a unifying( 联合 ) voice across cultures. Despite the celebrations,though,in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations. It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that .As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz,Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz,make the music more accessible,and preserve its history and culture. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 “Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan.“What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore.It’s actually color,and it’s actually digital.” Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move,because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Last year,Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran.“For me,it’s the recontextualization.In music,where does the emotion( 情感 ) lie?Are we,as humans,gaining any insight( 感悟 ) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran,“so I want to continue those dialogues.Those are the things I want to foster.” 【语篇解读】 近来 , 联合国教科文组织把 4 月 30 日定为国际爵士乐日。一些世界上最著名的音乐家聚集在巴黎和新奥尔良以庆祝第一届国际爵士乐日。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day? A.To remember the birth of jazz. B.To protect cultural diversity. C.To encourage people to study music. D.To recognize the value of jazz. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。从文章第一段的 “UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music,its significance,and its potential as a unifying voice across cultures.” 可知 , 联合国教科文组织把 4 月 30 日定为国际爵士乐日 , 其目的是提高人们对爵士乐价值和意义的认可。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? A.Jazz becoming more accessible. B.The production of jazz growing faster. C.Jazz being less popular with the young. D.The jazz audience becoming larger. 【答案】 C 【解析】 词义猜测题。从文章第二段的 “...the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.” 可知 , 在美国 , 爵士乐未能获得年轻一代的青睐。这正是 Jason Moran 试图改变的地方。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz? A.It will disappear gradually. B.It remains black and white. C.It should keep up with the times. D.It changes every 50 years. 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。从文章倒数第二段的 “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move,because the way the world works is not the same...” 可知 ,Jason Moran 指出 , 今天的爵士乐不能再以 1908 年或 1958 年那种方式呈现了。它必须进行改变 , 以跟上时代的步伐。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 . Which of the following can be the best title for the text ? A.Exploring the Future of Jazz B.The Rise and Fall of Jazz C.The Story of a Jazz Musician D.Celebrating the Jazz Day 【答案】 A 【解析】 主旨大意题。本文以第一届国际爵士乐日的设立引入话题 , 探讨了爵士乐的现状以及未来。希望更多人尤其是年轻人关注爵士乐。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 2 (2017 全国 Ⅱ ,C) Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight,bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehicle —named the Transition — has two seats,four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition,which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month,can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air.It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air.On the ground,it gets 35 miles per gallon. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale,and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways.It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic.The car needs a runway. Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s,according to Robert Mann,an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft,which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition,a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet. 【语篇解读】 本文介绍了一种新型飞行汽车。从汽车的配置 , 到汽车的性能 , 研发状况 , 政府的态度以及对飞行员的要求等都做了介绍。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .What is the first paragraph mainly about? A.The basic data of the Transition. B.The advantages of flying cars. C.The potential market for flying cars. D.The designers of the Transition. 【答案】 A 【解析】 主旨大意题。第一段主要介绍了飞行汽车 the Transition 的座位、轮子、可折叠的机翼、飞行的速度、燃油状况等基本的数据 , 因此 A 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways? A.It causes traffic jams. 　　 B.It is difficult to operate. C.It is very expensive. D.It burns too much fuel. 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways.It’s expected to cost $279,000.” 可知 , 飞行汽车 the Transition 价格昂贵 , 买家不多 , 路上少见。因此 C 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car? A.Cautious. B.Favorable. C.Ambiguous. D.Disapproving. 【答案】 B 【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段的 “The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.” 可知 , 政府对此项目给予支持 , 持赞同的态度 , 故 B 项正确。 cautious“ 谨慎的 ”;favorable “ 赞同的 ”;ambiguous“ 模棱两可的 ”;disapproving“ 不赞同的 ” 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 . What is the best title for the text ? A.Flying Car at Auto Show B.The Transition’s First Flight C.Pilots’ Dream Coming True D.Flying Car Closer to Reality 【答案】 D 【解析】 主旨大意题。第一段介绍了这种飞行汽车完成了第一次试飞 ; 第二段介绍已经有大约 100 人交了购买定金 ; 第三段提到了政府对此的支持 ; 第四段介绍了让飞机投入使用的改良办法以及对飞行员的要求等。纵观全文 , 这种飞行汽车投入使用的可能性越来越大 , 因此 D 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 3 (2017 全国 Ⅲ ,D) The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people,leading to them becoming more isolated( 隔绝 ) and inactive. Led by Professor Phil Blythe,the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 These include custom-made navigation( 导航 ) tools,night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations.Phil Blythe explains:“For many older people,particularly those living alone or in the country,driving is important for preserving their independence,giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others. “But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills.The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.” Dr Amy Guo,the leading researcher on the older driver study,explains:“The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 “For example,most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly,we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that. “We hope that our work will help with technological solutions( 解决方案 ) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.” 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍纽卡斯尔大学智能交通研发团队对一款电动汽车进行实验 , 以发现老年司机驾驶汽车的难题并加以解决 , 以便他们在路上更安全行驶。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .What is the purpose of the DriveLAB? A.To explore new means of transport. B.To design new types of cars. C.To find out older drivers’ problems. D.To teach people traffic rules. 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。从第一段 “...a mobile laboratory named ‘ DriveLAB ’ in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.” 可知 ,DriveLAB 的目的在于发现老年司机驾驶汽车所面临的问题。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe? A.It keeps them independent. B.It helps them save time. C.It builds up their strength. D.It cures their mental illnesses. 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。从第四段第二句 “...driving is important for preserving their independence,giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.” 可知 , 在 Phil Blythe 看来 , 驾驶汽车对于老年人之所以重要 , 是因为驾驶能让他们保持独立。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .What do researchers hope to do for older drivers? A.Improve their driving skills. B.Develop driver-assist technologies. C.Provide tips on repairing their cars. D.Organize regular physical checkups. 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。从第六段 “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.” 可知 , 研究者们想为老年司机研制一种辅助驾驶的技术。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 . What is the best title for the text ? A.A New Model Electric Car B.A Solution to Traffic Problems C.Driving Services for Elders D.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road 【答案】 D 【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文 , 尤其是首尾两段可知 , 本文主要介绍纽卡斯尔大学智能交通研发团队对一款电动汽车进行实验 , 以发现老年司机驾驶汽车的难题并加以解决 , 以便他们在路上更安全行驶。故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 4 (2016 江苏 ,B) Chimps( 黑猩猩 ) will cooperate in certain ways,like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings,they have little instinct( 本能 ) to help one another.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children,who are able from a young age to gather their own food. In the laboratory,chimps don’t naturally share food either.If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or,with no greater effort,a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage,he will pull at random—he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Human children,on the other hand,are naturally cooperative.From the earliest ages,they desire to help others,to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children.He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door,almost all will immediately try to help. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help,inform and share are not taught,but naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded.A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive( 认知的 ) skills,at least when compared with chimps.In tests conducted by Tomasello,the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking.But beyond that,even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose.They actively seek to be part of a “we”,a group that intends to work toward a shared goal. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。在某些情况下 , 如保卫领地的战争中 , 黑猩猩会相互合作。但实际上 , 它们是一种自私的动物 , 没有相互帮助的本能。新的研究发现 , 小孩子与黑猩猩不同 , 他们天生具有帮助他人的本能和分享意识。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .What can we learn from the experiment with chimps? A.Chimps seldom care about others’ interests. B.Chimps tend to provide food for their children. C.Chimps like to take in their neighbors’ food. D.Chimps naturally share food with each other. 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “chimps don’t naturally share food either” 以及 “he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.” 可知 , 黑猩猩天生不会共享食物 , 它从不关心邻居同伴的饥饱和利益。故选 A 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they 　　　 .  A.have the instinct to help others B.know how to offer help to adults C.know the world better than chimps D.trust adults with their hands full 【答案】 A 【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段的 “He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands...try to help” 可知 ,Michael 发现 ,18 个月大的婴儿看见一个和自己毫不相干的人双手拿着东西去开门时 , 他们会马上去帮忙。这个实验表明 , 小孩子有帮助他人的本能。故选 A 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . The passage is mainly about 　　　 .  A.the helping behaviors of young children B.ways to train children’s shared intentionality C.cooperation as a distinctive human nature D.the development of intelligence in children 【答案】 C 【解析】 主旨大意题。文章通过实验表明 , 帮助他人和相互合作是人的本性 , 而非后天习得的。选项 A: 小孩子的助人为乐行为只是 Michael 实验的一部分 , 以此来得出结论 ; 选项 B: 培养孩子的分享意识的方法和选项 D: 孩子的智力发展在文中都没有提及。故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 5 (2016 全国 Ⅰ ,D) The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful,or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness,uneasiness,or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap ( 间隙 ) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people,just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore,when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops,what may be implied ( 暗示 ) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures,silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways,particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example,Russian,French,and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However,Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use,persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect,particularly to an elder or a person in authority. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing ( 治愈 ) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。主要说明沉默的含义由于文化的不同而不同 , 并具体说明在不同的国家沉默的含义和作用。 1 .What does the author say about silence in conversations? A.It implies anger. 　　　　 B.It promotes friendship. C.It is culture-specific. D.It is content-based. 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句内容可推断出 , 在谈话过程中的沉默通常与文化密切相关 , 具有文化特异性。 2 .Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A.The Chinese. 　　　　　 B.The French. C.The Mexicans. D.The Russians. 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知 , 中国人与很多美国人一样 , 认为沉默是交流过程中的基本构成部分 , 谈话中出现沉默通常暗示听者需要仔细考虑。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A.Let it continue as the patient pleases. B.Break it while treating patients. C.Evaluate its harm to patients. D.Make use of its healing effects. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句内容可知 , 作者建议护士们充分利用沉默的治愈价值来帮助护理病人 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 . What may be the best title for the text ? A.Sound and Silence B.What It Means to Be Silent C.Silence to Native Americans D.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is Gold 【答案】 B 【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知 , 文章主要说明沉默具有文化特异性 , 在不同的文化中 , 沉默表达的含义和作用各不相同。因此 B 项最具概括性。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 6 (2016 全国 Ⅲ ,D) Bad news sells.If it bleeds,it leads.No news is good news,and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored( 监控 ) in different ways,researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts,scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. “The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger,a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling.But when you share a story with your friends,you care a lot more how they react.You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.” 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication-e-mails,Web posts and reviews,face-to-face conversations-found that it tended to be more positive than negative( 消极的 ),but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things?To test for that possibility,Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories:thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles.He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny,or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety,but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused( 激发 )one way or the other,and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article,the more likely it was to be shared,as Dr.Berger explains in his new book,“Contagious:Why Things Catch On.” 【语篇解读】 本文为议论文。俗话说 , 好事不出门 , 坏事传千里。但是研究者们通过跟踪和监控人们的电子邮件、网络帖子及评论、面对面会话等发现 , 人与人之间更多分享的是那些给人们带来积极情绪的好消息 , 而不是导致消极情绪的坏消息。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to? A.News reports. B.Research papers. C.Private e-mails. D.Daily conversations. 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。由第一段前四句可知 , 这些经典的规则主要应用于 evening broadcasts 和 morning papers, 由此推出 , 这些规则常用于新闻报道中。故选 A 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? A.They’re socially inactive. B.They’re good at telling stories. C.They’re inconsiderate of others. D.They’re careful with their words. 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。由第二段 Jonah Berger 所说的 “But when you share a story with your friends,you care a lot more how they react.You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.” 可知 , 当你和朋友们分享故事时 , 你更在乎他们的反应 , 你不希望他们认为你是一个不考虑别人感受的人。故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr.Berger’s research? A.Sports news. B.Science articles. C.Personal accounts. D.Financial reviews. 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。由第三段最后两句可知 , 人们分享最多的文章是那些关于科学栏目的文章。故选 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 . What can be a suitable title for the text ? A.Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide B.Online News Attracts More People C.Reading Habits Change with the Times D.Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks 【答案】 D 【解析】 主旨大意题。通过第一段最后一句引出话题 , 以及最后一段的概括总结可知 , 在社交网络中 , 人们更愿意分享的是传递积极情绪的好消息。故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 7 (2016 四川 ,D) A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night. Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin( 褪黑激素 ),which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. The study,by researchers from Seoul,South Korea,involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Those given night milk,which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin,were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime,according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food . Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer. While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now,taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night. Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content,which helps people to relax. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime,the greater burden you will put on your body at night. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。睡前喝一杯牛奶有助于睡眠 , 但最新的研究表明 , 如果喝的是晚上从牛身上挤的牛奶 , 那这将更利于你的睡眠。因为晚上挤的牛奶相比白天挤的牛奶 , 含有 10 倍的褪黑激素 , 从而更有利于睡眠。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .According to the text,the mice fed with daytime milk 　　　 .  A.started sleep more easily B.were more anxious C.were less active D.woke up later 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的内容可知 , 将喝两种不同时间挤的牛奶的老鼠做了比较 , 喝晚上挤的牛奶的老鼠不太活跃 , 也没有那么焦虑。由此可知 , 喝白天挤的牛奶的老鼠是比较焦躁的 , 故选 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text? A.It’s been tested on mice for ten times. B.It can make people more energetic. C.It exists in milk in great amount. D.It’s used in sleeping drugs. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的 “...taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.” 可知 , 褪黑激素已经被用来治疗晚上失眠 , 故选 D 项。根据文章第四段第一句中的 “...which contained 10 times...” 可知 , 晚上挤的牛奶含有 10 倍的褪黑激素 , 而不是对老鼠进行了 10 次试验 , 故 A 项不符合题意。褪黑激素是用来治疗失眠的 , 故 B 项错误。 C 项文中并未提及。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . What can be a suitable title for the text ? A.Night Milk and Sleep B.Fat,Sugar and Health C.An Experiment on Mice D.Milk Drinking and Health 【答案】 A 【解析】 主旨大意题。文章将喝晚上挤的牛奶与喝白天挤的牛奶进行了对比实验 , 结果表明 , 喝晚上挤的牛奶更能促进睡眠 , 故 A 项最符合题意。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .How does the author support the theme of the text? A.By giving examples. B.By stating arguments. C.By explaining statistical data. D.By providing research results. 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的 “But now a study has found...” 、第二段中的 “Researchers have discovered that...” 、第四段中的 “...according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food ” 和倒数第二段中的 “Previous studies have also indicated that...” 可知 , 作者是通过提供研究结果来佐证文章主题的 , 故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 8 (2016 北京 ,A) December 15,2014 Dear Alfred, I want to tell you how important your help is to my life. Growing up,I had people telling me I was too slow,though,with an IQ of 150+ at 17,I’m anything but stupid.The fact was that I was found to have ADHD( 注意力缺陷多动障碍 ).Anxious all the time,I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time. However,when something did interest me,I could become absorbed.In high school,I became curious about the computer,and built my first website.Moreover,I completed the senior course of Computer Basics,plus five relevant pre-college courses. While I was exploring my curiosity,my disease got worse.I wanted to go to college after high school,but couldn’t.So,I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center. Since then,I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics.Currently,I’m learning your Probability course.I have hundreds of printer paper,covered in self-written notes from your videos.This has given me a purpose. Last year,I spent all my time looking for a job where,without dealing with the public,I could work alone,but still have a team to talk to.Luckily,I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead.I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession,without going to college,and be just as good as,if not better than,my competitors. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Thank you.You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart.For the first time,I feel good about myself because I’m doing something,not because someone told me I was doing good.I feel whole. This is why you’re saving my life. Yours, Tanis 【语篇解读】 本文为应用文。患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的作者因病无法上大学。在信中 , 作者向阿尔弗雷德以及在线课程训练中心表达了自己的感激之情。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .Why didn’t Tanis go to college after high school? A.She had learned enough about computer science. B.She had more difficulty keeping focused. C.She preferred taking online courses. D.She was too slow to learn. 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的 “my disease got worse” 及第二段第二句 “The fact was that I was found to have ADHD.” 可知 , 作者因为注意力更加难以集中 , 因此未上大学。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .As for the working environment,Tanis prefers 　　　 .  A.working by herself B.dealing with the public C.competing against others D.staying with ADHD students 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第六段第一句中的 “I could work alone...” 可知 ,A 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . Tanis wrote this letter in order to 　　　 .  A.explain why she was interested in the computer B.share the ideas she had for her profession C.show how grateful she was to the center D.describe the courses she had taken so far 【答案】 C 【解析】 主旨大意题。第一段作者开篇点题 , 表明自己的写信意图 , 感谢对方的帮助。最后两段作者再次表明自己的写信意图 , 正是由于对方的帮助 , 作者才得以顺从自己的内心 , 做自己喜欢做的事 , 并且找到了一份理想的工作。故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 9 (2016 北京 ,B) Surviving Hurricane Sandy ( 飓风桑迪 ) Natalie Doan,14,has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway,New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach,Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house.“It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says. On October 29,2012,that ocean turned fierce.That night,Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast,and Rockaway was hit especially hard.Fortunately,Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridges closed. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighborhood in ruins.Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her,people were suffering,especially the elderly.Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn. In the following few days,the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys.Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild.Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings. “My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,”Natalie says,“but I can always choose how I deal with it.” Natalie’s choice was to help. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 She created a website page,matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick,who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down.Within days,Patrick’s collection was replaced. In the coming months,her website page helped lots of kids:Christopher,who received a new basketball;Charlie,who got a new keyboard.Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway.Her efforts made her a famous person.Last April,she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change. Today,the scars( 创痕 ) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway,but hope is in the air.The streets are clear,and many homes have been rebuilt.“I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,”Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back,even stronger than before.” 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。文章从 Natalie 的视角出发 , 讲述了飓风桑迪过后 , 人们对恢复灾区原貌所做的努力 , 重点描写了 Natalie 本人通过建立网站匹配需求者与捐赠者。彰显在灾难面前 , 小人物也可以大有作为的真理。 1 .When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane,she found 　　　 .  A.some friends had lost their lives B.her neighborhood was destroyed C.her school had moved to Brooklyn D.the elderly were free from suffering 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知 ,Natalie 第二天回到家时 , 发现她们的居住区已变成一片废墟。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .According to Paragraph 4,who inspired Natalie most? A.The people helping Rockaway rebuild. B.The people trapped in high-rise buildings. C.The volunteers donating money to survivors. D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people. 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的 “...the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.” 可知 , 帮助洛克威重建的人们使 Natalie 最受鼓舞。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .How did Natalie help the survivors? A.She gave her toys to other kids. B.She took care of younger children. C.She called on the White House to help. D.She built an information sharing platform. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第七段第一句可知 , 她建立了一个网站 , 将需要帮助的幸存者和想要帮助灾民的捐赠者进行匹配。故选 D 项 ( 她建立了一个信息共享平台 ) 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 . What does the story intend to tell us ? A.Little people can make a big difference. B.A friend in need is a friend indeed. C.East or west,home is best. D.Technology is power. 【答案】 A 【解析】 主旨大意题。 Natalie 作为一个年仅 14 岁的小女孩 , 在飓风桑迪席卷家乡后 , 通过建立网站匹配需求者与捐赠者 , 使得许许多多需要帮助的人得到了帮助。本文彰显了在灾难面前 , 小人物也可以大有作为的真理。故选 A 项。 B 项意为 “ 患难见真情 ”;C 项意为 “ 金窝银窝 , 不如自己的狗窝 ”;D 项意为 “ 技术就是力量 ”; 均不符合文意。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 10 (2016 天津 ,D) Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has.There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding. We experience this tiredness in two ways:as start-up fatigue( 疲惫 ) and performance fatigue.In the former case,we keep putting off a task because it is either too boring or too difficult.And the longer we delay it,the more tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real,even if not actually physical,not something in our muscles and bones.The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply:always handle the most difficult job first. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Years ago,I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors.Applying my own rule,I determined to write them in alphabetical order( 按字母顺序 ),never letting myself leave out a tough idea.And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing.Experience proved that the rule works. Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle.Though willing to get started,we cannot seem to do the job right.Its difficulties appear so great that,however hard we work,we fail again and again.In such a situation,I work as hard as I can—then let the unconscious take over. When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica ( 《大英百科全书》 ),I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles.Nothing like this had ever been done before,and day after day I kept coming up with solutions,but none of them worked.My fatigue became almost unbearable. One day,mentally exhausted,I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved.I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself,not with me.Relieved,I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep. An hour later,I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind.In the weeks that followed,the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step.Though I worked as hard as before,I felt no fatigue.Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing. Human beings,I believe,must try to succeed.Success,then,means never feeling tired. 【语篇解读】 本文为夹叙夹议文。你在完成一件事情时 , 是否感到过疲劳 ? 其实只要我们克服了做事情的两种疲劳 —— 启动疲劳和执行疲劳 , 我们就能获得成功。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .People with start-up fatigue are most likely to 　　　 .  A.delay tasks B.work hard C.seek help D.accept failure 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。由第二段第二句 “In the former case,we keep putting off a task because it is either too boring or too difficult.” 可知 , 在前一种情况下 ( 启动疲劳 ), 由于任务太枯燥或是太难 , 我们不断推迟任务开始的时间。故选 A 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue? A.Writing essays in strict order. B.Building up physical strength. C.Leaving out the toughest ideas. D.Dealing with the hardest task first. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句 “The solution is obvious though...:always handle the most difficult job first.” 可知 , 作者认为应对启动疲劳的方法是先从最困难的工作开始。故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue? A.Before starting a difficult task. B.When all the solutions fail. C.If the job is rather boring. D.After finding a way out. 【答案】 B 【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句可知本段讲述 performance fatigue; 由第三句 “Its difficulties appear so great that,however hard we work,we fail again and again.” 可推知 , 在我们用所有的方法都不能解决难题时 , 人们容易产生执行疲劳。故选 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .According to the author,the unconscious mind may help us 　　　 .  A.ignore mental problems B.get some nice sleep C.gain complete relief D.find the right solution 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。由倒数第二段第二句中的 “...the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step.” 可推知 , 人们在潜意识下能够想到难题的解决方法。故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 5 . What could be the best title for the passage ? A.Success Is Built upon Failure B.How to Handle Performance Fatigue C.Getting over Fatigue:A Way to Success D.Fatigue:An Early Sign of Health Problems 【答案】 C 【解析】 主旨大意题。文章介绍了人们工作时会遇到两种疲劳 : 启动疲劳和执行疲劳。作者结合自身经历告诉读者应对这两种疲劳的方法。最后得出结论 : 只要克服了这两种疲劳 , 人们就能获得成功。故 C 项最适合作文章标题。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 11 (2015 全国 Ⅱ ,B) Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan. Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,for people are often less self-conscious( 难为情 ) when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light,get more lamps and flood the place with brightness. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it’s time to repaint,go blue. Don’t forget the clock — or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories( 卡路里 )per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time,and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you’re at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down,turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake( 摄入 ) jumps by 14 percent.And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short,wide glass than a tall,skinny glass. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。最新研究表明 , 房屋的窗帘、灯光设计、墙壁颜色、餐具大小等都会影响食欲和食量 , 进而影响节食效果和身材。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .The text is especially helpful for those who care about 　　　 .  A.their home comforts B.their body shape C.house buying D.healthy diets 【答案】 B 【解析】 推理判断题。由第一段最后一句可知 , 本文主要就如何把家变成节食计划的一部分提出建议 , 所以本文对那些在意体型的人更有帮助。故选 B 项。 2 .A home environment in blue can help people 　　　 .  A.digest food better B.reduce food intake C.burn more calories D.regain their appetites 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。由第三段最后两句可知 , 像蓝色这样的冷色让人感觉不那么饥饿 , 故蓝色有助于减少人们食物的摄入量。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .What are people advised to do at mealtimes? A.Eat quickly. B.Play fast music. C.Use smaller spoons. D.Turn down the lights. 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。依据第四段的内容可知 , 吃饭吃得快的话会吃得多 , 因此为了帮助减缓吃饭的速度 , 吃饭时可播放舒缓音乐 , 排除 A 、 B 项 ;D 项与第二段首句的内容相矛盾 ; 依据第五段的内容可知 , 使用小型的餐具有助于减少食物摄入量。故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 . What can be a suitable title for the text ? A.Is Your House Making You Fat? B.Ways of Serving Dinner C.Effects of Self-Consciousness D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing? 【答案】 A 【解析】 主旨大意题。全文都是围绕住房环境对人们保持身材以及对减肥的影响进行论述说明 , 并由此提出改善住房环境的一些具体办法。故 Is Your House Making You Fat? 与本文的内容相符。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 12 (2015 重庆 ,A) At thirteen,I was diagnosed( 诊断 ) with a kind of attention disorder.It made school difficult for me.When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks,I could not. In my first literature class,Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it,all within 45 minutes.I raised my hand right away and said,“Mrs.Smith,you see,the doctor said I have attention problems.I might not be able to do it.” She glanced down at me through her glasses,“You are no different from your classmates,young man.” I tried,but I didn’t finish the reading when the bell rang.I had to take it home. In the quietness of my bedroom,the story suddenly all became clear to me.It was about a blind person,Louis Braille.He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education.But Louis didn’t give up.Instead,he invented a reading system of raised dots( 点 ),which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind. Wasn’t I the “blind” in my class,being made to learn like the “sighted” students?My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance.I completed the task within 40 minutes.Indeed,I was no different from others;I just needed a quieter place.If Louis could find his way out of his problems,why should I ever give up? I didn’t expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs.Smith,so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day—with an “A” on it.At the bottom of the paper were these words:“See what you can do when you keep trying?” 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。作者 13 岁时 , 被诊断为注意力障碍症 , 学习时无法集中注意力 , 但史密斯老师却认为作者与常人无异。在老师的鼓舞下 , 在路易斯 · 布莱叶励志故事的激励下 , 作者不断努力 , 克服了障碍。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .The author didn’t finish the reading in class because 　　　 .  A.he was new to the class B.he was tired of literature C.he had an attention disorder D.he wanted to take the task home 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。第一段作者就谈到他有注意力障碍 , 第二段的尾句说明作者认为自己的身体状况使他不能完成老师布置的任务 , 故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .What do we know about Louis Braille from the passage? A.He had good sight. B.He made a great invention. C.He gave up reading. D.He learned a lot from school. 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。由第五段最后一句可知 , 他发明了指读法 , 为盲人开启了全新的知识领域 , 故 B 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .What was Mrs.Smith’s attitude to the author at the end of the story? A.Angry. B.Impatient. C.Sympathetic. D.Encouraging. 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。文章尾段作者的老师 Mrs.Smith 写道 “See what you can do when you keep trying?” 说明了这位老师对作者的肯定 , 她在鼓励作者继续努力 ,D 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 . What is the main idea of the passage ? A.The disabled should be treated with respect. B.A teacher can open up a new world to students. C.One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts. D.Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges. 【答案】 C 【解析】 主旨大意题。 “ 我 ” 在老师和路易斯 · 布莱叶励志故事的激励下 , 不断努力 , 克服了自己的障碍 , 得到了老师的肯定 , 取得了成功。故 C 项为最佳答案。 Passage 13 (2015 陕西 ,B) When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life,she did what comes naturally.The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and,being a city animal,lost both her sheep and her sense of direction.Then she ran along the edge of a cliff( 悬崖 ) and fell 100 feet,bouncing off a rock into the sea. Her owner Mike Holden panicked and called the coastguard of Cornwall,who turned up in seconds.Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90-minute search. Three days later,a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall.Mr.Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead.He comforted himself with the thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the country. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 For the next two weeks,the Holdens were heartbroken.Then,one day,the phone rang and Steve Tregear,the coastguard of Cornwall,asked Holden if he would like his dog back. A birdwatcher,armed with a telescope,found the pet sitting desperately on a rock.While he sounded the alarm,a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy. The dog had initially been knocked unconscious ( 失去知觉的 ) but had survived by drinking water from a fresh stream at the base of the cliff.She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge.“The dog was very thin and hungry,” Steve Tregear said.“It was a very lucky dog.She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water,” he added. It was,as Mr Holden admitted,“a minor miracle ( 奇迹 )”. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。文章叙述了一只名叫 Judy 的狗 , 在追赶绵羊时掉落悬崖 , 掉进大海并遭遇飓风 , 但是它在恶劣的环境下顽强地生存下来的故事。 1 .The dog Judy fell down the cliff when she was 　　　 .  A.rescuing her owner B.caught in a hurricane C.blocked by a rock D.running after a sheep 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。从第一段的 “Judy spotted the first sheep...,set off racing after the sheep...ran along the edge of a cliff( 悬崖 ) and fell 100 feet...” 可以判断 ,Judy 是因为追逐一只绵羊而坠下悬崖的。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .Who spotted Judy after the accident? A.A birdwatcher. B.A student from Leeds. C.Six volunteers. D.The coastguard of Cornwall. 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句的 “A birdwatcher,...,found the pet sitting desperately on a rock.” 可知 , 一位观鸟者用他的望远镜发现了绝望地蹲在岩石上的 Judy 。故 A 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .What can we infer from the text? A.People like to travel with their pets. B.Judy was taken to the fields for hunting. C.Luck plays a vital role in Judy’s survival. D.Holden cared little where Judy was buried. 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。从倒数第一段的 “a minor miracle” 和倒数第二段的 “It was a very lucky dog.” 可以推断 ,Judy 的存活纯属运气。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 . Which of the following can be the best title for the text ? A.Miracle of the Coastguard. B.Surviving a Hurricane. C.Dangers in the Wild. D.Coming Back from the Dead. 【答案】 D 【解析】 主旨大意题。文章主要叙述了一只幸运的狗 Judy 在恶劣的环境下顽强生存下来的故事 , 所以选项 D“ 起死回生 ” 是文章的最佳标题。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 14 (2015 安徽 ,E) Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways.Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.Food can also have a specific meaning,and play a significant role in a family or culture’s celebrations or traditions.The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural ( 农村的 ) and urban areas within one country. Sharing bread,whether during a special occasion ( 时刻 ) or at the family dinner table,is a common symbol of togetherness.Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests.Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread,so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations.In the southern United States,pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity ( 兴旺 ) in the New Year.In Greece,people share a special cake called vasilopita .A coin is put into the cake,which signifies ( 预示 ) success in the New Year for the person who receives it. Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child,and food can play a significant role.In China,when a baby is one month old,families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests.In many cultures,round foods such as grapes,bread,and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity. Nutrition is necessary for life,so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。俗话说 “ 民以食为天 ”, 在世界各民族文化中 , 食物是文化传承的重要载体。每逢重大场合或重要节日 , 人们总会借助食物表达情感 , 加强交流。 1 .According to the passage,sharing bread 　　　 .  A.indicates a lack of food B.can help to develop unity C.is a custom unique to rural areas D.has its roots in birthday celebrations 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。从第一段第二句 “Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.” 可知 ,sharing bread 可以增进团结。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year? A.Trust. B.Success. C.Health. D.Togetherness. 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。从第三段最后一句 “A coin is put into the cake,which signifies( 预示 ) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.” 可知 , 吃到这种蛋糕里的硬币预示着在新的一年里会成功。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .The author explains the role of food in celebrations by 　　　 .  A.using examples B.making comparisons C.analyzing causes D.describing processes 【答案】 A 【解析】 推理判断题。作者是通过举例来说明食物在节日庆祝中的作用的 , 比如 : 在第三段中分别以美国南部、希腊为例 , 而第四段中则举了中国为例。故选 A 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 . What is the passage mainly about ? A.The custom of sharing food. B.The specific meaning of food. C.The role of food in ceremonies. D.The importance of food in culture. 【答案】 D 【解析】 主旨大意题。第一段的中心句是 “Food can also have a specific meaning,and play a significant role in a family or culture’s celebrations or traditions.”; 第三段的中心句是 “Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations.”; 第四段的中心句是 “Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child,and food can play a significant role.” 。综上所述 ,A 、 B 、 C 项文中都有所涉及 , 但都具有片面性 ;D 项概括性强。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 15 (2014 全国 Ⅱ ,A) Arriving in Sydney on his own from India,my husband,Rashid,stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. During the first week of his stay,he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers,including his passport. He reported the case to the police and then sat there,lost and lonely in a strange city,thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Late in the evening,the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can ( 垃圾桶 )that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out,although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。 “ 我 ” 丈夫到达悉尼之后 , 把他的重要文件和护照丢了 , 就在他陷入绝望的时候 , 一个陌生人打来电话并把他女儿在垃圾桶捡到的文件完好无损地归还给他。 1 .What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney? A.Go shopping. B.Find a house. C.Join his family. D.Take a vacation. 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。从第一段中的 “...looking for a house for me and our children.” 可知 ,Rashid 到了悉尼之后 , 计划为家人寻找一座房子。选项 A“ 购物 ”, 联系的是短文第二段开头 , 讲到 Rashid 在第一周某天外出购物 , 但这不是他来澳大利亚的目的。选项 C“ 和他的家人团聚 ” 也与文中内容不符 , 他的家人此时不在澳大利亚。选项 D“ 度假 ” 文中没有提及。故选 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from 　　　 .  A.a friend of his family B.a Sydney policeman C.a letter in his papers D.a stranger in Sydney 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。从倒数第二段最后一句可知 , 女孩的父母是从文件的一封信中找到了 Rashid 的电话号码。选项 A“Rashid 一家的朋友 ” 文中未提及。选项 B“ 悉尼警察 ”, 文中只提到 Rashid 的旅行箱被盗后 , 他向警察报了案 , 与此题所问内容不符。选项 D“ 悉尼的一个陌生人 ”, 文中也未提及。故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean? A.Showed. B.Sent out. C.Delivered. D.Gave back. 【答案】 D 【解析】 词义猜测题。从最后一段最后一句 “We still remember their kindness...” 可知 , 那一家人把 Rashid 的文件还给了他。由此推出画线词 restored 意为 “ 归还 ”, 故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 . Which of the following can be the best title for the text ? A.From India to Australia. B.Living in a New Country. C.Turning Trash to Treasure. D.In Search of New Friends. 【答案】 C 【解析】 主旨大意题。标题要与文章的内容相关 , 既要有高度的概括性 , 同时又能吸引读者的注意力。 Turning Trash to Treasure 既能体现出本文出现的 trash, 也能体现出所捡到的文件的重要性。该标题中的 treasure 与 trash 相呼应 , 既概括出了故事的内容又能够引起读者的兴趣。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 16 (2014 辽宁 ,B) (Q=Question;A=Answer) Situation Ⅰ Q:If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater,is it rude to move? A:Maybe,but nobody will fault you for it.Chances are that the close sitter doesn’t realize he disturbs you,so he may miss your annoyance.You undoubtedly aren’t the first person he’s met who needs enough room.Forgive his bad judgment,move quietly and enjoy the show. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Situation Ⅱ Q:If I use the bathroom at a store,do I need to buy something? A:Consider frequency and urgency.Is this a one-time thing or an emergency?If so,you don’t have to buy anything,but it would be kind if you did.However,if you regularly use the bathroom at this place,then you are a customer,and you should act like one. Situation Ⅲ Q:If someone is talking loudly on the bus,is there a nice way to ask him to keep it down? A:No.Try other means:1)Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down.2)Lift your finger in a silence motion ( 动作 ) and smile.3)Put on earphones and ignore him. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Situation Ⅳ Q:If I remember my friend’s birthday a day late,should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened? A:This is the reason why the word belated was invented.“Happy belated birthday!”is short for:“Well,I know I forgot,but then I remembered.Forgive me and happy birthday.” Situation Ⅴ Q:Can I lie about seeing a text because I was too busy or lazy to respond( 回复 ) to it? A:Don’t lie.Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it.Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve?“Yes,” you can say if ever asked,“I saw it.” No explanation is needed as to why you don’t respond. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【语篇解读】 本文为应用文。生活中难免遇到这样那样的问题 , 如何恰当得体地处理这些问题能够反映出一个人的修养和礼貌。文章通过五个情景对话 , 给出了答案。 1 .You will get annoyed in a theater when 　　　 .  A.a person is too active B.a person is too rude to you C.a person talks too loudly D.a person sits too close to you 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一个情景对话 (A:) 中第二句话 “Chances are that the close sitter doesn’t realize he disturbs you,so he may miss your annoyance.” 可知 , 在剧院里 , 当一个人坐得离你太近时 , 你会感到很烦恼 , 故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .How will you quiet someone down in a public place? A.By making fun of him continuously. B.By looking purposefully at him. C.By talking to him directly. D.By pointing angrily at him. 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三个情景中的答语的第一条 “Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down.” 可知 , 在公共场合 , 如果想让某个人安静下来 , 你可以故意盯着这个人看 , 直到他意识到自己的问题。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .The underlined word “belated” in Situation Ⅳ probably means 　　　 .  A.predicted B.returned C.cancelled D.delayed 【答案】 D 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据 Situation Ⅳ 中的问题 “If I remember my friend’s birthday a day late”( 如果 “ 我 ” 晚一天才记起朋友的生日 ) 可知 ,belated 意为 “ 迟来的 ” 。故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 . What is the passage mainly about ? A.Modern ways to mind your manners. B.Different ways to change others’ manners. C.Proper manners to offer help to others. D.Good manners to talk to people. 【答案】 A 【解析】 主旨大意题。文章假设了五个场景和五个问题 , 对于这五个问题的回答体现了在现代社会处理问题时恰当的方式方法。 A 项符合文意。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 17 (2014 福建 ,D) Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money.Strange as it may seem,if you’re unsatisfied,the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires—not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you don’t have enough tastes. Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities( 能力 ) to enjoy life.Most people are already swamped( 淹没 ) with things.They eat,wear,go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many rooms,yet their house of life is a hut.  Your house of life ought to be a mansion( 豪宅 ),a royal palace.Every new taste,every additional interest,every fresh enthusiasm adds a room.Here are several rooms your house of life should have. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of beautiful things.If you only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them,they would make you as happy as to find plenty of ham and eggs when you’re hungry. Literature,classic literature,is a beautiful,richly furnished room where you might find many an hour of rest and refreshment.To gain that love would go toward making you a rich person,for a rich person is not someone who has a library but who likes a library. Music like Mozart’s and Bach’s shouldn’t be absent.Real riches are of the spirit.And when you’ve brought that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk,you have increased your thrills and bettered them.And life is a matter of thrills. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Sports,without which you remain poor,mean a lot in life.No matter who you are,you would be more human,and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days,if you could,and did,play a bit. Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life,the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding. 【语篇解读】 本文为议论文。文章论述了人生意义的真谛。真正的富有在于具有良好的享受生活的能力 , 因此为你的人生豪宅不断增加各种 “ 房间 ”, 让你真正地享受人生。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .The author intends to tell us that 　　　 .  A.true happiness lies in achieving wealth by fair means B.big houses are people’s most valued possessions C.big houses can in a sense bring richness of life D.true happiness comes from spiritual riches 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。本文作者主要向我们介绍了人生快乐的秘诀在于向你的人生豪宅不断地增加各种 “ 房间 ”, 故写作的意图是为了告诉我们真正的幸福是精神上的富有。故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that 　　　 .  A.however materially rich,they never seem to be satisfied B.however materially rich,they remain spiritually poor C.though their house is big,they prefer a simple life D.though their house is big,it seems to be a cage 【答案】 B 【解析】 推理判断题。由句意 “ 他们居住在一个有很多房间的大房子里 , 然而他们的精神寄托之处却像一所简陋的木棚。 ” 可知 , 作者真正要表达的是一个人无论物质上多么富有精神上却很贫穷 , 故选 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .It can be learned from the passage that 　　　 .  A.more money brings more happiness B.art is needed to make your house beautiful C.literature can enrich your spiritual life D.sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。从第五段第一句可知 C 项正确 ; 从第一段可知 A 项错误 ; 从第四段可知艺术是我们的精神食粮 , 它会使我们精神上得到满足而不是使我们的人生之屋变得美丽 , 故 B 项错误 ; 从倒数第二段第一句可知 D 项错误。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 . What would be the best title for the passage ? A.House of Life B.Secret of Wealth C.Rest and Refreshment D.Interest and Enthusiasm 【答案】 A 【解析】 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了人生之屋应该包括哪些房间 , 故最佳标题是 A 项 “ 人生之屋 ” 。 B 项 “ 财富的秘密 ”,C 项 “ 休息和恢复活力 ”,D 项 “ 兴趣和激情 ” 都与文章内容不符。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 18 (2014 安徽 ,E) You may not have heard of Ashoka,but for the past 27 years,this association,founded by Bill Drayton,has fought poverty( 贫困 ) and sickness,promoted education and encouraged small businesses.To support these worthy causes,Ashoka provides money for the world’s most promising “changemakers” seeking to solve( 解决 ) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change.The important thing is to simply give yourself permission.If you see a problem that you care about,you can help solve it.The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy,healthy,contributing adult.In fact,it is many young people’s ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka,which handled the rubbish problem facing the city,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka’s streets,attracting rats and disease,they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste.So they educated the poor people in the city to compost( 把 …… 制成堆肥 )this waste.They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers( 化肥 ) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years.At first,they were refused,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made,the project took off.In 2009 sales were $14,000. Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【语篇解读】 本文为议论文。文章以 Bill Drayton 以及 Masqsood 和 Iftekhar 的事例 , 告诉我们只要我们看到问题 , 并去解决问题 , 我们每个人都会成为引起变化的人。 1 . Which of the following could be the best title for the passage ? A.Changemakers B.Businessmen C.Social Conditions D.Rubbish Problem 【答案】 A 【解析】 主旨大意题。文章第一段引出 Bill Drayton, 后面提到 Masqsood 和 Iftekhar 的事例 , 告诉我们只要我们看到问题 , 并去解决问题 , 我们每个人都会成为引起变化的人。其中第一段最后一句 , 第二段第一句都突出了主题。故选 A 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to “ 　　　 ”.  A.the local farmers B.Masqsood and Iftekhar C.Drayton and his team D.the poor people in Dhaka 【答案】 D 【解析】 词义猜测题。第三段中提到 ,Masqsood 和 Iftekhar 发现 Dhaka 的街头堆满垃圾 , 于是他们教当地的人们怎样把这些垃圾制成肥料 , 而同时这个地区的农民很穷 , 化肥又很贵。一开始 , 他们向这儿的人们推荐时 , 被拒绝了 , 但是一旦他们说服 Dhaka 的人制造肥料 , 他们两人就有了商机。可知此处 them 是指 Dhaka 当地的人们 , 故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he 　　　 .  A.considers Drayton’s concept B.gets permission from Ashoka C.tries to improve social conditions D.is a young,happy and healthy adult 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。第二段前两句深化主题 , 后面及第三段中举的例子都说明了 “ 只要设法改善社会现状 , 任何人都可以成为引起变化的人 ” 这个道理。故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .The author’s attitude towards Ashoka’s program can be described as 　　　 .  A.changing B.forgiving C.cautious D.positive 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。全文以 Ashoka 的成功引出主题 , 以事实来说明 “anyone can become a changemaker if he tries to improve social conditions” 这个主题 , 可知作者持肯定的、积极支持的态度 , 故选 D 项。 Passage 19 (2014 湖北 ,C) Working with a group of baboons( 狒狒 ) in the Namibian desert,Dr.Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology,Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task,while others had to learn for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were,Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake. She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt,but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect,despite being made aware of what to do,they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not,even though they spent more time watching. This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals,something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive( 认知的 ) tasks not because they aren’t clever enough to solve them,but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don’t associate with the knowledgeable individuals,or they are too shy to use the information once they have it,information may not travel between all group members,preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。剑桥大学的一位动物学博士对一些狒狒进行了研究 , 发现性格在学习中发挥着重大作用 —— 那些较为勇敢的或者紧张焦虑的狒狒能够顺利完成新的学习任务 , 而那些害羞内向或者比较沉着冷静的狒狒虽然在观察他人的行为 , 但却不去模仿。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 . What is the first paragraph mainly about ? A.The significance of Dr.Carter’s research. B.The purpose of Dr.Carter’s research. C.The design of Dr.Carter’s research. D.The results of Dr.Carter’s research. 【答案】 C 【解析】 主旨大意题。通读第一段内容可知 , 该段主要介绍了艾蕾西娅 · 卡特博士研究狒狒学习能力的方案是如何设计的。因此选 C 项 “ 卡特博士研究的设计 ”, 而非研究的 “ 结果 ”“ 目的 ” 或 “ 重要性 ” 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .According to the research,which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task? A.Those that feel anxious about learning. B.Those that like to work independently. C.Those that can avoid potential risks. D.Those that have more experience. 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句这些对实验的描述可知 ,A 项 “ 那些渴望学习的狒狒 ” 符合题意。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4? A.Some baboons perform new tasks but don’t concentrate. B.Some baboons observe others but don’t follow them. C.Some baboons are shy but active in social activities. D.Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning. 【答案】 B 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据语境可知 , 画线单词指的是上文的 “those who were relaxed did not,even though they spent more time watching”, 即一些狒狒花费时间在观察这些行为但是却不去效仿。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .Dr.Carter’s findings indicate that our culture might be formed through 　　　 .  A.travelling between social groups B.understanding different people C.learning from each other D.storing information 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推断 , 我们的文化的形成和产生很可能是通过相互学习而形成的 , 如果不能与知识渊博的人接触或者如果性格过于内向 , 就阻止了文化的形成。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 20 (2014 陕西 ,C) Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight,while the French,who consume rich food,continue to stay thin?Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight.Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full.However,Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 According to Dr.Joseph Mercola,a health expert,the French see eating as an important part of their life style.They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table,while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities.Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full.So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped.In addition,he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week.The French,instead,tend to shop daily,walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruit,vegetables,and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 After a visit to the United States,Mireille Guiliano,author of French Women Don’t Get Fat ,decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food.Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences,evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits.Today the rate of obesity—or extreme overweight—among adults is only 6%.However,as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions,the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%—and is growing. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。文章通过对比美国人与法国人的生活方式 , 向我们讲述了生活方式对体重的影响。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr.Joseph Mercola? A.They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently. B.They squeeze eating between the other daily activities. C.They regard eating as a key part of their life style. D.They usually eat too much canned and frozen food. 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。由第二段第一句可知 , 法国人把饮食当作生活方式的重要组成部分 , 故 C 项正确。 A 、 B 、 D 三项都是针对美国人。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 . This text is mainly about the relationship between 　　　 .  A.Americans and the French B.life style and obesity C.children and adults D.fast food and overweight 【答案】 B 【解析】 主旨大意题。研究、新闻报道类的文章 , 主旨句往往出现在 study,research,report 等词之后。本文首段第二句为中心句 , 主要讲述了生活方式与肥胖之间的关系。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .This text is mainly developed 　　　 .  A.by contrast B.by space C.by process D.by classification 【答案】 A 【解析】 推理判断题。在讲述生活方式对体重的影响时 , 本文采用了对比的方式 , 对比了美国人与法国人在生活方式上的差异 , 故选 A 项。 4 .Where does this text probably come from? A.A TV interview. B.A food advertisement. C.A health report. D.A book review. 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。本文的中心内容与健康有关 , 且由首段第二句中的 “research” 推断 , 本文摘自一篇健康报道。 A 项意为 “ 电视采访 ”;B 项意为 “ 饮食广告 ”;D 项意为 “ 书评 ”, 均不符合文意。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 21 (2014 四川 ,D) With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture,it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes;it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas( 睡衣 ).Obviously,students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule. All human beings possess a body clock.Along with other alerting( 警报 ) systems,this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour.Typically,the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents,which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings.This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 This is opposed to the “early bird” schedule,and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight.Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings.Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night.Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as “night owls” and only 10 percent can be classified as “early birds”—the other 70 percent are in the middle.Although this is clearly not true for all students,for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。研究人员发现睡眠模式有三大类。一些青少年像猫头鹰一样 , 喜欢熬夜 , 但是不能早起。这种睡眠模式到底是好是坏呢 ? 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .What does the author stress in Paragraph 1? A.Many students are absent from class. B.Students are very tired on Monday mornings. C.Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well. D.Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays. 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知作者描述了学生们的上课状况 ; 根据第一段最后这一总结性语句可知作者想要强调的是学生们对他们的睡眠模式很不适应。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2? A.Most students prefer to get up late in the morning. B.Students don’t sleep well because of alerting systems. C.One’s body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently. D.Adolescents’ delayed sleep/wake cycle isn’t the preferred pattern. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句内容可知 , 青少年推迟睡觉时间不是一种首选的睡眠模式。第二段没有提到 A 项内容 ; 根据第二段第三句可知 B 项错误 ; 根据第二段第二句可知 C 项错误。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “classified”? A.Criticised. B.Grouped. C.Organised. D.Named. 【答案】 B 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句的句意及关键词语 “20 percent”“10 percent”, 并结合常识可知 , 该词意思是 “ 归类 , 分类 ” 。 criticise“ 批评 , 指责 ”;group“ 分类 , 分组 ”;organise “ 组织 ”;name“ 命名 ” 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 . What does the text mainly talk about ? A.Functions of the body clock. B.The “night owl” phenomenon. C.Human beings’ sleep behaviour. D.The school schedule of “early birds”. 【答案】 B 【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知 , 文章主要介绍了青少年中有一些人喜欢熬夜 , 不喜欢早起 , 这种睡眠模式被称为 night owl, 因此 B 项最能概括文章主旨。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 22 (2014 全国 Ⅱ ,A) Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don’t listen because they already know it all.I was lucky:I became a pilot in 1970,almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didn’t realize then,but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying.As I flew bigger,faster planes,and in worse weather,I learned about crew resource management ( 机组资源管理 ),or CRM,a new idea to make flying safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result,regardless of positions. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that,an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying;I was safety pilot.He was so busy because of the bad turn,he had forgotten to put the landing gear ( 起落架 ) down.He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to:Our lives were in danger.I put aside my uneasiness and said,“We need to put the landing gear down now!” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM,and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite,the doctor doesn’t overreact,which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when I’m in the operating room,I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them,someday someone will keep me from “ landing gear up ”.  【语篇解读】 本文为说明文 , 兼有叙述和议论的成分。作者曾经是一名飞行员 , 后来成了一名医生。作者认为掌握飞行过程中的 CRM 理念十分重要 , 学会开飞机使作者成了一个更好的医生。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .What does the author say about doctors in general? A.They like flying by themselves. B.They are unwilling to take advice. C.They pretend to be good pilots. D.They are quick learners of CRM. 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知 , 作者认为 , 医生通常不愿意采纳别人的建议 , 因为他们觉得自己了解情况。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when 　　　 .  A.he saved the plane by speaking up B.he was in charge of a flying task C.his boss landed the plane too late D.his boss operated on a patient 【答案】 A 【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句 “That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM...” 可知 , 作者加深对 CRM 的力量的认识是在他通过大声表达自己的看法挽救了一架飞机之后。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .In the last paragraph“landing gear up” probably means 　　　 .  A.following flying requirements B.overreacting to different opinions C.listening to what fellow doctors say D.making a mistake that may cost lives 【答案】 D 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第二段举的例子可知 , 当时开飞机的主治医师忘了把起落架放下去 , 差点儿酿成大错。由此可推断 , 此处的短语表示 “ 犯那种可能会丧失生命的错误 ” 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 . Which of the following can be the best title for the text ? A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying Safe B.Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor C.The Making of a Good Pilot D.A Pilot-Turned Doctor 【答案】 B 【解析】 主旨大意题。文章的第一段就指出作者成为医生前曾当过飞行员 , 并接触和掌握了 CRM 管理规程。文章的第二段则描述了他的一次飞行经历 , 以及他在此次经历中的收获。文章的第三段叙述了作者从医之后 , 把做飞行员时学到的知识应用到工作中所得到的启发。所以用 “Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor” 作为文章标题最能体现全文的发展脉络 , 概括全文的主题。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 ( 一 )(2016 全国 Ⅰ 阅读 D 节选 ) The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful,or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness,uneasiness,or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap ( 间隙 ) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people,just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore,when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops,what may be implied ( 暗示 ) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures,silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways,particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example,Russian,French,and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However,Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use,persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect,particularly to an elder or a person in authority. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing ( 治愈 ) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 35 . What may be the best title for the text ? A.Sound and Silence B.What It Means to Be Silent C.Silence to Native Americans D.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is Gold 【答案】 B 　 本题是选择文章标题题。文章主要讲述了沉默在各个风俗中所表达的不同意义及其在医学方面的作用。答案 B 沉默意味着什么。此标题全面、精练地概括了文章的主要内容 , 涵盖性强 , 覆盖面广。 A 项指声音和沉默。过于笼统 , 文章未谈及 sound, 选项超出了文章所述范围。 C 项指沉默对于美国本土人的意义是什么。以偏概全 , 文章第二段虽提到了美国本土人对沉默的观点 , 但不是文章的主旨内容。 D 项指话语是银 ; 沉默是金。无中生有 , 文章虽然论述了 silence 的含义 , 但并未涉及 D 项的内容。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 ( 二 )(2016 浙江阅读 C 节选 ) Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn,but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike?Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort—the desire to explore,explain,and understand our world—is simply something that comes from our babyhood.Perhaps evolution( 进化 )provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds,and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitive( 认知的 )systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.As some psychologists put it,“It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.” 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 53 . What is the main idea of the last paragraph ? A.The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play. B.Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science. C.Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists. D.One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案】 B 　 本题是段落大意题。 B 项指研究婴儿的游戏或许有助于更好地理解科学。涵盖性强 , 覆盖全段。这一段谈到要从科学研究的角度看待儿童的发展 , 人们追求科学的态度源于儿童时代。因此 , 这一段的主旨大意是 “ 研究婴儿的游戏或许有助于更好地理解科学 ” 。 A 项指通过儿童游戏或许可以更清晰地解释世界。本段虽提到儿童游戏 , 但未谈及此内容 , 选项的内容范围过大。 C 项指儿童可能拥有比科学家更强的理解事物的能力。属于无中生有 , 本段讲述了儿童与科学家一样都有理解事物的能力 , 但并未进行比较。 D 项指一个人对科学研究的动力可能会随着他的成长变得更强。属于生搬硬套。本段提到人类的进化给婴儿提供了好奇心和天生的解释世界的动力 , 但没有提及其与个人成长的关系等。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 阅读一篇文章时 , 首先要了解其大意 , 明确其主旨 , 主旨大意题通常涉及概括文章或者段落大意、揭示主题、选择标题等形式。主旨大意题主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节 , 是否具备提纲挈领的能力 , 即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行髙度的概括和总结。主旨大意题包括 : 文章主旨、段落大意和文章标题。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 一、文章主旨和段落大意题的常见设题方式 归纳主旨大意 (main idea): 要求考生给整篇文章或某一段落选择一个合适的主题句。题干中常常含有 main idea,mainly,theme 等。此类题的设题形式有 : 1 .The main idea of the text is that 　　　 .  2 .The first paragraph is mainly about 　　　 .  3 .What is the passage mainly about? 4 .What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1? 5 .Which of the statements can best sum up the passage? 6 .What does the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph?( 天津真题 ) 7 .Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 二、标题概括题的常见设题方式 概括文章标题 (title): 要求考生在把握文章主旨的基础上给文章选择一个合适的标题。标题的特点是短小精悍 , 概括性强 , 简洁新颖。一般来说 , 标题的拟定模式是 : 以话题为中心 , 按照一定的语法规则把控制性的概念浓缩为能够概括主题句句意或者中心思想的短语 , 或者一句简短的话。标题要有 “ 概括性 , 针对性和醒目性 ”, 必须是文章的点睛之笔。题干中常有 title/headline,be entitled 等字眼。此类题的设题方式有 : 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .What can be the best title for the text? 2 .The best title for the passage might be 　　　 .  3 .Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 4 .Which of the following might be the best title for the text? 5 .Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 6 .Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage? 7 .Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage? 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 三、主旨大意题各题型特点 1 . 中心大意题 文章的中心大意往往由文章体裁所决定。议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点 , 往往采用 “ 总 — 分 — 总 ” 的模式 , 第一段提出论点 , 然后是论据部分 , 最后一段得出结论 ( 论点的重申 ), 所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段 ; 说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程 , 主题句一般在首段 ; 而新闻报道却是报道一个人物事迹或重大事件等 , 主题句常出现在首段首句 ; 记叙文一般没有明显的主题句 , 需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意 , 但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子 , 则这个句子为主题句。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 . 标题归纳题 标题具有醒目性、概括性和针对性的特点。醒目性是为了吸引读者的注意力 , 唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣 ; 概括性 , 就是指标题要覆盖文章的主要内容 , 体现文章的主题 ; 针对性是标题要直接指向文章的主要特点。标题归纳题与中心大意题具有共同之处 , 当文章主旨是一个短语或一句简洁的话时 , 我们可把它看作标题 ; 但是文章主旨往往是作者写作目的或写作内容的归纳 , 一般不作为文章标题。此外 , 标题必须反映文章的中心大意 , 概括性强 , 表达精准 , 这就要求选项的归纳要恰如其分 , 范围合理。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . 段落大意题 英语段落的中心思想常用主题句表达。所谓主题句就是概括说明某一段落中心思想的句子。阅读的主要目的就是读懂文章段落的中心大意 , 辨别文章段落的中心思想自然就成了一个很重要的阅读技巧 , 这一技巧同样在提高阅读能力和阅读速度中起着关键性的作用。 主题句是表达段落主题的句子。它用以概括段落大意 , 要求全段其他文字都围绕它展开。主题句通常放在段落的开端 , 其特点是开门见山地摆出问题 , 然后加以详细说明。其作用是使文章的结构更清晰 , 更具说服力 , 便于读者迅速地把握主题和想象全段的内容。主题句可以放在段中起到承上启下的作用 , 或放在段尾起概括全段的作用。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 高招 1 掌握寻找主题句的窍门 , 认清正确项和干扰项的特征 典例 1 (2016 江苏阅读 B 节选 ) Chimps( 黑猩猩 ) will cooperate in certain ways,like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings,they have little instinct( 本能 ) to help one another.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children,who are able from a young age to gather their own food. In the laboratory,chimps don’t naturally share food either.If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or,with no greater effort,a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage,he will pull at random—he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Human children,on the other hand,are naturally cooperative.From the earliest ages,they desire to help others,to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children.He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door,almost all will immediately try to help. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help,inform and share are not taught,but naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded.A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive( 认知的 ) skills,at least when compared with chimps.In tests conducted by Tomasello,the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking.But beyond that,even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose.They actively seek to be part of a “we”,a group that intends to work toward a shared goal. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 60 .The passage is mainly about 　　　 .  A.the helping behaviors of young children B.ways to train children’s shared intentionality C.cooperation as a distinctive human nature D.the development of intelligence in children 【剖析】 C 　 本题为文章主旨题。文章第一、二段讲述了黑猩猩的自私行为 , 第三段转到人类无私帮助他人的本能 , 最后两段分析了人类愿意帮助他人、与他人合作的本能原因。由此得出结论 , 文章主要讲述了合作是人类与生俱来的一种特有的本能。 A 项 “ 少年儿童的帮助行为 ”,B 项 “ 训练儿童共享意向的方法 ” 和 D 项 “ 儿童智力的发展 ” 没有分清主次 , 属于以偏概全。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【方法综述】 找准主题句 , 快速确定文章大意 确定文章的大意 , 关键是要找到主题句。文章的主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾 , 但有时也在文中。有时文章甚至没有主题句 , 需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句 , 但记叙文通常没有主题句 , 需要读者进行概况归纳。 1 . 用浏览法 (skimming), 即快速阅读文首、文尾 , 或每段的首句和尾句寻找主题线索和主题信息的方法可以快速找到主题句。以下是寻找主题句的四个小窍门 : (1) 段落中出现表示转折的词语 ( 如 however,but,in fact,actually 等 ) 时 , 该句很可能是主题句。 (2) 首段出现疑问句时 , 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 (3) 作者有意识地重复的观点 , 通常是主旨 ; 反复出现的词语 , 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 (4) 表示总结或结论的句子常包含 therefore,thus,in short,conclude,conclusion 等词。 2 . 主旨大意题正确选项的特征 (1) 涵盖性强 , 覆盖全文或全段。 (2) 确定的范围恰当 , 既不太大 , 也不太小。 (3) 精确性强 , 不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。 3 . 主旨大意题干扰选项的特征 (1) 过于笼统。所表达的内容概括的范围过大 , 超出或多于文章阐述的内容。 (2) 以偏概全。所表达的内容只阐述了文章的一部分内容 , 或以文章中的细节信息或个别字词作为选项的设置内容 , 或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。 (3) 偷换概念。所表达的内容被命题者有意识地把本属于 A 的内容放在 B 上 , 若不留神 , 极易选错答案。 (4) 无中生有。无关信息 , 生搬硬套 , 文章中未提到 , 或找不到依据的信息。虽然在文章中谈到 , 但选项内容与文章内容毫无联系。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 高招 2 三招提高主旨大意题解题速度和准确性 典例 2 (2015 天津阅读 B 节选 ) Whether in the home or the workplace,social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way,said Cynthia Breazeal,chief scientist at the robot company Jibo. While household robots today do the normal housework,social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.For example,these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 The Jibo robot,arranged to ship later this year,is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot,ask it questions and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to questions;it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos. Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The company’s “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store,which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product’s location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for. The more interaction the robot has with humans,the more it learns.But Oshbot,like other social robots,is not intended to replace workers,but to work alongside other employees.“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us,but with us,”said Breazeal. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 45 .What does the passage mainly present? A.A new design idea of household robots. B.Marketing strategies for social robots. C.Information on household robots. D.An introduction to social robots. 【剖析】 D 　 本题为文章主旨题。本文第一段总述社交机器人 , 然后分段举例说明社交机器人的用途和性能等情况 , 主要是对社交机器人的介绍。 D 项 “ 社交机器人的介绍 ”, 涵盖性强 , 覆盖面广 , 准确概括了文章大意。 A 项 “ 社交机器人的新的设计理念 ”, 以偏概全 , 第二、三、四段介绍了至少三种社交机器人的设计理念 ,A 项只说了一种。 B 项 “ 社交机器人的营销策略 ”, 无中生有 , 文章没有提及此项内容。 C 项 “ 家用机器人的相关信息 ” 也是以偏概全。第二段虽然提到了家用机器人 , 但是为了与社交机器人进行对比 , 文章主要谈论的社交机器人。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【方法综述】 1 . 用略读法 : 跟解答主旨大意题相同 , 主要是略读 , 即重点理解首尾段和各段的首尾句 , 迅速找出主题句 , 或根据文章内容自己归纳主旨要义 , 然后与各标题对照 , 看哪个选项与文章主旨大意相符。 2 . 用写作法 : 先不看文章 , 浏览各备选项 , 逐一设想 ,“ 如果我用这个标题来写文章会写些什么内容呢 ”, 并构思结构框架 , 然后快速浏览全文 , 对照自己原有的设想 , 一一排除不符者。 3 . 研究备选项 : 研究备选项里面的中心词、各选项的修饰语及彼此差异、分析概括范围等。看是否以偏概全 , 是否只是某个细节等。逐一排除不符者。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 第 1 组 A (2017 湖南模拟 ) Billboard Music Awards of the Year 2015 goes to Taylor Swift,a singer songwriter,who has shaped and inspired the American music industry with her success. When Taylor Swift first came to public notice,she was a 17-year-old newcomer who loved singing to her own guitar.She was far more enthusiastic than skilled,but apparently threw spark of superb talent. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Four years later,Swift has become a multi-awards winner.For her consummate performance,Taylor Swift was named Billboard magazine’s woman in 2011.She is the youngest artist to receive honors and several Billboard Music Awards,among them Top Country Album for the five-time platinum( 白金 )selling Speak Now,her third album that was released that year. “Taylor has shown the power of good songwriting with music of styles,” said Bill Werde,Billboard’s editorial director.“And at such a young age,Taylor has already made a major impact on music and has been an unbelievable role model for promising artists and young woman everywhere.” 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Swift is used to breaking chart records and winning honors since her career started.She followed that up in 2008 with Fearless,which established her as a skilled songwriter with several hits,including Love Story,You Belong With Me and White Horse. Not surprisingly,the 6-time platinum Fearless is the most awarded album in country music history in the US and her overall worldwide sales now reach 20 million albums and 40 million songs downloads.Swift has spent the past year on the Speak Now World Tour in support of her third album,and now she’s getting ready to go further. According to a recent interview with The New Yorker magazine,Swift has so far written about 10 songs for a 2016 album.She said the new album is about feelings of growing up and becoming an adult. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 “They’re sad if I’m being honest,” Swift told The New Yorker .“They’re about my heartbreaks and my moving on.But more importantly,they are about achieving contentment.You’re not always going to be ridiculously happy as you grow up.” 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇人物传记 , 主要介绍了 Taylor Swift—— 一个非常有音乐天赋的女孩 , 获得了众多奖项。尽管年纪轻轻 , 但是她在音乐上所取得的一系列成就震撼了整个乐坛 , 成为激励艺人及年轻女性的楷模。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .As a newcomer in the shown business,Taylor Swift was considered to be 　　　 .  A.a skilled songwriter B.an outstanding artist C.an energetic director D.a promising talent 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段尤其是最后一句可知 ,Taylor Swift 第一次走进观众视野时就展现出了过人的才华 。故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .The underlined word “consummate” in Paragraph 3 can best be replaced by 　　　 .  A.confident B.professional C.excellent D.different 【答案】 C 【解析】 词义猜测题。联系上下文并结合语境可知 , 美国乡村音乐歌手 Taylor Swift 年纪轻轻就已成为国际巨星 , 她在乐坛的表现可谓成绩斐然 。由此可知 , 画线词应意为 “ 杰出的 , 极好的 ”,excellent 的意思与之最接近。故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . This passage is mainly about 　　　 .  A.A Rising Music Genius B.Taylor’s Heartbreaks in Growth C.An Interview with Taylor Swift D.Billboard Music Awards in America 【答案】 A 【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知 , 本文主要讲述了尽管 Taylor Swift 年纪轻轻 , 但是她 在音乐上 所取得的一系列成就震撼了整个乐坛 , 成为激励艺人及年轻女性的楷模 。故 A 项 “ 一个冉冉升起的音乐天才 ” 符合文章大意。故选 A 项。   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 B (2017 湖北四市联考 ) I hadn’t walked across our old farm in the past fifteen years.Yet the memories came flooding back.Rain or shine,I used to walk this path each day to see Greta.She always made me smile,even after my sister and I had just had a big quarrel.I would help Greta with her chores( 家务活 ).Then we would taste her delicious home-made chocolate cookies and ice cream.Staying in a wheelchair didn’t stop Greta from being an outstanding cook. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Greta gave me two of the greatest gifts I’ve ever received.First,she taught me how to read.She also taught me that when I forgave my sister for our quarrels,it meant I wouldn’t keep feeling like a victim.Instead,I would feel sunny. Mr.Dinking,the local banker,tried to take away Greta’s house and land after her husband passed away.Thanks to Papa and Uncle Johan,Greta got to keep everything. Soon folks were coming from miles around to buy Greta’s home-made cookies and ice cream.Greta even had me take a big apple pie to Mr.Dinking who later became one of her best customers and friends.That’s just how Greta was.She could turn anyone into a friend! Greta always said,“Dear,keep walking in the sunshine!” No matter how terrible my day started,I always felt sunny walking home from Greta’s house—even beneath the winter starlight. I arrived at Greta’s house today just after sunset.An ambulance had stopped a few feet from her door.When I ran into the old house,Greta recognized me right away. She was almost out of breath when she reached out and softly touched my arm.Her last words to me were,“Dear,keep walking in the sunshine!” I’m sure that Greta is walking in the brightest sunshine she’s ever seen. 【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。 回到了阔别 15 年的农场 , 作者想起了一位故人 Greta 。 Greta 不仅教会了作者阅读 , 而且还教会了作者宽恕别人。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .From the passage,we can learn that 　　　 .  A.the author always quarreled with his sister B.Greta often asked the author to help her with her chores C.Greta was tired of Mr.Dinking’s taking away her house D.the author had a sense of happiness staying in Greta’s house 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。 A 项中的 always 在文中并未提及 , 故被排除 ; 第一段提到了 “ 我愿意帮助 Greta 做家务活 ”, 但没提及 Greta 请作者帮她做家务 , 故排除 B 项 ;C 项中的 “...was tired of...” 未被提及 , 故排除 C 项 ; 根据第五段的 “No matter how terrible my day started,I always felt sunny walking home from Greta’s house—even beneath the winter starlight.” 可知 作者在 Greta 家有一种快乐的感觉 , 故答案为 D 项。   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 5 .What made Greta work out her problem when her husband passed away? A.The author’s help and the folks’ support. B.The author’s papa and Uncle Johan’s help as well as her attitude to people. C.Mrs.Greta’s delicious home-made chocolate cookies and ice cream. D.Mrs.Greta’s brave fighting for her house and land. 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。 根据第三段的 “ Thanks to Papa and Uncle Johan ,Greta got to keep everything.” 可知答案为 B 项。   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 6 .From the fact that Greta had me take a big apple pie to Mr.Dinking,we can infer Greta was a 　　　 woman.  A.tolerant B.talented C.helpful D.warm-hearted 【答案】 A 【解析】 推理判断题。 第三段介绍了在 Greta 的丈夫去世之后 , 当地的银行家 Dinking 先生曾经要没收她的房子和土地。 第四段中 Greta 又让作者给 Dinking 先生送去一张大的苹果派。 从中可推断出 Greta 是一个宽容的 (tolerant) 女人 , 故答案为 A 项。   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 7 . What’s the best title of the passage ? A.Always help those who are in need. B.Never quarrel with a little girl. C.Keep walking in the sunshine. D.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 【答案】 C 【解析】 主旨大意题。 通读全文尤其是 倒数第二段中 Greta 临终前告诉作者的话 及最后一段可知 C 项最符合本文主题。   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 C (2017 四川眉山质检 ) ♦ Yuan Xiao , Chinese Lantern Festival The Lantern Festival is celebrated on the 15th of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar.The festival ends the New Year’s celebration.It is a fun festival.People carry lanterns and go into the streets at night to watch lion or dragon dances,play games and light firecrackers.Yuanxiao,a sweet dumpling made of rice flour,is the traditional food eaten during the festival.In Chinese,the festival is named after this food,which is said to represent family unity and happiness because it is sticky,round and sweet. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 ♦ The Dai Water Splashing Festival The Dai minority in Yunnan celebrate the Water Splashing Festival in the middle of April.The festival celebrates the Dai Lunar New Year and lasts for three days.There are dragon races and fireworks displays on the first day and a fair on the second day.At the fair,young lovers throw love pouches to each other.The third day is the actual water splashing day,people splash water on each other to wash away illnesses and bad luck and bring good luck for the coming year. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 ♦ Losar Losar is a Tibetan word for New Year.“Lo” means “year” and “sar” means “new”.As the most popular festival among Tibetans,it is celebrated from the first day in the first month to the fifteenth day based on the traditional Tibetan calendar. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 On the last day of the year,people clean their houses and prepare for the festival.On the first day of the New Year,Tibetan women usually wake up early at about 5 o’clock,and prepare for a special kind of barley wine for the family which have tsamba,brown sugar,and milk dregs.The whole family have to drink the wine in their beds and then continue to sleep,while the housewives sit in front of their windows,waiting for the sunrise.As soon as they see the sun rays in the east,they go to the well for the first bucket of water in the New Year.It is said that water in the well is the freshest and sweetest at this time and the family who get the lucky water earliest will be the most fortunate. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文中介绍了元宵节、泼水节和藏族的藏历新年的庆祝时间、庆祝活动以及它们的意义。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 8 .People eat yuanxiao during the Lantern Festival because 　　　 .  A.it is the traditional food and has its symbolic meaning B.it is delicious and easy to be made C.it is sticky,round and sweet D.it is made of rice flour 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。由第一段的最后两句可知 , 元宵 是在元宵节吃的传统食物 , 它 具有幸福、团圆的象征意义 。所以 A 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 9 .What can we know from Paragraph 2 about the word “fair”? A.Young people splash water on each other at the fair. B.It is the time when young people have meetings. C.Young people find their lovers there. D.Young people sing and dance there to celebrate the festival. 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。由第二段中的 “At the fair,young lovers throw love pouches to each other.” 可知 年轻人在此时扔示爱的小袋子给喜欢的人 。所以 C 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 10 .How many days does Tibetan Losar last? A.2. 　　　 B.3. C.15. 　　　 D.25. 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。由第三段的第三句可知 , 藏历新年从藏历第一个月的 1 号开始一直持续到 15 号 。 11 . The passage is mainly about 　　　 .  A.the culture and custom in China B.the reason why people celebrate festivals C.several festivals in China D.the history of three festivals in China 【答案】 C 【解析】 主旨大意题。本文分别 介绍了元宵节、傣族的泼水节和藏族的藏历新年 。所以 C 项最合适。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 D (2017 广东茂名一模 ) I believe in the power of the unknown.I believe that a sense of the unknown pushes us forward in all of our creative activities,from science to art. When I was a child,after bedtime I would often go to the window and stare at the stars.I had so many questions.How far away were those tiny points of light?Did space go on forever and ever,or was there some edge?And if so,what lay beyond the edge? 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Another of my childhood questions:Did time go on forever?I looked at pictures of my parents and tried to imagine their parents,and so on,back through the generations.Does time go on forever?Or is there some beginning of time? When I grew up,I became a professional astrophysicist.Although I never answered any of these questions,they continued to challenge me,to haunt me,to drive me in my scientific research,and to cause me to live on tuna fish and no sleep for days at a time while I was crazy about a science problem.These same questions,and questions like them,challenge and haunt the leading scientists of today. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Einstein once wrote that “the most beautiful experience we can have is the mysterious.It is the fundamental emotion which stands at the beginning of true art and true science.” What did Einstein mean by “the mysterious?” I don’t think he meant that science is full of unpredictable or unknowable or supernatural forces.I think that he meant a sense of awe,a sense that there are things larger than us,that we do not have all the answers at this moment,and that we can stand right at the boundary between known and unknown. Scientists are happy,of course,when they find answers to questions.But scientists are also happy when they become stuck,when they discover interesting questions that they cannot answer.That is when their imaginations and creativity are set on fire.That is when the greatest progress occurs. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文 , 作者相信未解之谜的力量 , 作者认为神秘而不可知的东西以及对未解之谜的探索能激发想象力和创造力 , 带来进步。 12 .As a child,the author was 　　　 .  A.cautious B.generous C.curious D.doubtful 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “I had so many questions.” 和第三段的 “Another of my childhood questions” 可推知 作者在童年时代好奇心很强 , 故选 C 项。 A 项的 “cautious( 谨慎的 )”,B 项的 “generous( 慷慨大方的 )” 以及 D 项的 “doubtful( 可疑的 )” 在原文均没有提及 , 故排除。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 13 .What does the underlined word “haunt” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A.Make someone to feel annoyed. B.Make someone to feel excited. C.Cause great trouble to someone. D.Keep coming to someone’s mind. 【答案】 D 【解析】 词义猜测题。由文章第四段的 “...continued to challenge me,to haunt me,...while I was crazy about a science problem.” 可知 , 文中提到的问题不断地挑战着、萦绕着、驱使着作者继续从事科学研究 , 让 作者在着迷于某个科学难题时以金枪鱼罐头为食 , 连日不眠不休 。 D 项 Keep coming to someone’s mind 意为 “ 一直出现在某人的脑海中 ”, 故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 14 .What is the source of pleasure according to the passage? A.Exact prediction. B.Creativity in experiments. C.Rich imagination. D.Exploration of the unknown. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。由最后一段的 “...scientists are also happy when they become stuck,when they discover interesting questions that they cannot answer” 可知 , 科学家们 发现遇到无法解答的新奇问题或是被难题困扰的时候也是快乐的 ,D 项意为 “ 对未知世界的探索 ”, 符合题干中的 “the source of pleasure( 快乐的来源 )”, 故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 15 . Which of the following is the best title of the passage ? A.The Power of Mysteries. B.The Characters of Mysteries. C.The Significance of Science. D.The Beauty of Art. 【答案】 A 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中心段和整篇文章的描述 , 作者相信未解之谜的力量 , 作者认为神秘而不可知的东西以及对未解之谜的探索能激发想象力和创造力 , 带来进步 。故 A 项 “The Power of Mysteries( 神秘事物的力量 )” 正确。 B 项 “The Characters of Mysteries” 主题词为 “ 特点 ”, 不符合文意 , 故排除 B 项 ;C 项 “The Significance of Science” 意为 “ 科学的重要性 ”,D 项 “The Beauty of Art” 意为 “ 艺术的美 ”, 均偏离文章讨论的中心 , 故排除 C 项和 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 第 2 组 A (2017 安徽合肥第三次质检 ) Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods(GM foods).GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms ( 有机体 ),which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques.These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a non-specific but stable change.For many people,the high-tech production raises all kinds of environmental,ethical,health and safety problems.Particularly in countries with long farming traditions,the idea seems against nature. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 In fact,GM foods are already very much a part of our lives.They were first put on the market in 1996.A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U.S.last year was the product of biotechnology,according to the Department of Agriculture.More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic genie is out of the bottle.  However,like any new product entering the food chain,GM foods must be subjected to careful testing.In wealthy countries,the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from,and a supply that goes beyond the needs.In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations,the matter is simpler and much more urgent:do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing.Last year the world’s population reached 6 billion.The UN states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy.About 400 million women of childbearing age don’ t have enough iron,which means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats.As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency,a leading cause of blindness. How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values.Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops.Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought,poor soil and crop viruses. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文话题是健康保健 , 主要介绍了转基因食品。 1 . The passage mainly talks about 　　　 .  A.the world’s food problem B.the development in biotech C.the genetically modified foods D.the way to solve food shortages 【答案】 C 【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍了转基因食品。故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .The underlined sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Paragraph 2 probably means that 　　　 .  A.GM foods are available everywhere B.the technology in producing GM foods is advanced C.genetic technology may have uncontrollable powers D.genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets 【答案】 D 【解析】 句意理解题。由本段第一句可知 , 事实上 , 转基因食品已经成为我们生活的一部分 , 后面介绍了 转基因食品的发展 。故答案为 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .What’s the writer’s attitude towards GM foods? A.Enthusiastic. B.Cautious. C.Disapproving. D.Unbelievable. 【答案】 B 【解析】 推理判断题。作者详细叙述了转基因食品的特点 , 及对人类的益处。但是根据第三段第一句 “However,like any new product entering the food chain,GM foods must be subjected to careful testing.” 可知 作者对于转基因食品持谨慎态度 , 故答案为 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 B (2017 江西六校一模 ) My husband and I had been married nearly twenty-two years when I acquired Stevens Johnson syndrome,a disorder where my immune( 免疫的 )system responded to a virus by producing painful blisters( 水泡 ).Although my long-term evaluation was good,I,who had been so fiercely independent,rapidly became absolutely helpless. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 My husband,Scott,stepped up to the plate,taking care of kids and cooking dinners.He also became my personal caretaker,applying the medicine to all of my blisters because my hands couldn’t do the job.Needless to say,I had negative emotions,bouncing from embarrassment to shame caused by total reliance on someone other than myself. I recovered from my illness,but I couldn’t seem to recover from the thought that I loved my husband less than he loved me.This seeming distinction in our love continued to annoy me for the year following my illness. Then recently Scott and I went on a long bike ride.He’s an experienced cyclist;I’m quite the green hand.At one point with a strong headwind and sharp pain building in my tired legs,I really thought I couldn’t go any further.Seeing me struggle,Scott pulled in front of me and yelled over his shoulder,“Stay close behind me.” As I followed his steps,I discovered that my legs quit burning and I was able to catch my breath.My husband was pulling me along—again. I pray my husband will always be strong and healthy.But if he should ever become the struggling one,whether on a bike ride or with an illness,I trust I’ll be ready to call out to him,“Stay close behind me—my turn to pull you along.” 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。作者生病后 , 她的丈夫一直照顾她 , 鼓励支持她 , 给她帮助和力量 ; 作者最后发出感慨 , 倘若有一天角色互换 , 她也会同样给予丈夫支持和力量。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .The author felt helpless because 　　　 .  A.she lost the previous independence B.she failed to get the medical treatment C.her marriage was in a terrible state D.she suffered from mental disorder 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句 “I,who had been so fiercely independent,rapidly became absolutely helpless.” 可知 , 作者曾经十分独立 , 但是在得病后变得很无助 ,A 项意为 “ 她失去了之前的独立 ”, 符合题意 , 故选 A 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 5 .Which of the following best describes the author’s husband according to Paragraph 2? A.Impatient. B.Independent. C.Family-centered. D.Career-centered. 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段 “stepped up to the plate,taking care of kids and cooking dinners” 和 “became my personal caretaker” 可推知作者的 丈夫在作者得病后照顾家庭 , 看护生病的作者 , 故选 C 项 “Family-centered( 顾家的 )” 。 A 项的 “Impatient( 没有耐心的 )”,B 项的 “Independent( 独立的 )” 以及 D 项的 “Career-centered( 以事业为中心的 )” 在原文均没有提及 , 故排除。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 6 .When going on the long bike ride,the author’s husband 　　　 .  A.followed her closely B.backed her up all the way C.gave in to her depression D.stopped to take care of her leg 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Seeing me struggle,Scott pulled( 拉 )in front of me and yelled over his shoulder, ‘ Stay close behind me( 紧紧跟着我 ). ’ ” 和 “My husband was pulling me along—again.” 可知 , 当 作者进行长途的骑车运动时 , 她的丈夫一路上给她支持和鼓励 ,B 选项 “backed her up all the way” 意为 “ 一路上支持她 ”, 符合题干 , 故 B 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 7 . What message does the author convey in the passage ? A.Strong will. B.Selfless love. C.Reliance( 依靠 )on each other. D.Optimistic attitude to life. 【答案】 C 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据整篇文章和倒数第二段最后一句以及最后一段点题段的描述 , 在作者得病后 , 她的丈夫一直照顾她 , 鼓励和支持她 , 给她帮助和力量 ; 作者最后也发出感慨 , 倘若有一天角色互换 , 她也会同样给她的丈夫支持和力量 。故选 C 项 “Reliance on each other( 对彼此的依赖 )” 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 C (2017 江西六校一模 ) Scientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals( 晶体 )that could be 50,000 years old. The organisms were found in a hot,but beautiful cave system in Naica,Mexico.These ancient life forms can be seen only with a microscope.Penelope Boston,who leads the Astrobiology Institute at NASA,the space agency of the United States,says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 She spoke about the discovery recently at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.If the findings are confirmed,they will show how microbes can survive in extreme conditions.Forty different kinds of microbes and some viruses were found in the underground area.The genetic structures of these organisms are 10 percent different from those of their nearest relatives. The caves in Naica are 800 kilometers deep.They were once used for mining lead.Before the miners began working in the caves,the area was separated from the surface and the outside world.Some of the caves are as big as the large religious centers built during Europe’s Middle Ages.There are crystals covering the walls.The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool.The clothing keeps the crystals safe from human germs( 病菌 )or other damage.Boston said the researchers could only work for about 20 minutes at a time before they had to go to a room that was 38 degrees Celsius to cool down. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 NASA officials would not let Boston share her findings with scientific experts before last week’s announcement.So scientists could not say much about the findings.But Norine Noonan,a biologist with the University of South Florida,said she believed them.“Why are we surprised?” Noonan asked.“As a biologist,I would say life on Earth is extremely tough and extremely colorful.” Boston is also studying microbes commonly found inside caves in other countries,such as Ukraine and the United States.These microbes appear to be impossible to kill.Boston said they show how difficult life on Earth can be. 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章描述了生物体的研究和发现。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 8 .The existence of the ancient microbes relies on 　　　 .  A.surrounding insects B.diverse plants C.eating minerals D.absorbing air 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段 “the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron ” 可知 , 选 C 项。   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 9 .What can we infer about the caves in Naica from the passage? A.The temperature in the caves is quite low. B.The caves have been explored since they were formed. C.The walls are covered by crystals. D.The environment in the caves is difficult to adapt to. 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段 “The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool.” 和 “the researchers could only work for about 20 minutes at a time” 可推知 , 洞穴内的环境很糟糕 , 不适合进入 。因此 D 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 10 .What is the biologist Norine Noonan’s attitude towards the findings? A.Neutral. B.Positive. C.Doubtful. D.Indifferent. 【答案】 B 【解析】 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段 “she believed them” 和她说的话 “Why are we surprised?” 以及 “life on Earth is extremely tough and extremely colorful” 可推知 ,Norine Noonan 对这个发现的 态度是正面肯定的 , 故选 B 项 “positive( 积极的 )” 。 A 项意为 “ 中立的 ”,C 项意为 “ 怀疑的 ”,D 项意为 “ 漠不关心的 ”, 均不符合文意 , 故排除 A 、 C 和 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 11 . What’s the main idea of the passage ? A.Living organisms bring hope to scientific research. B.Scientists discover 50,000-year-old “super life” in Mexico. C.Microbes show great power to survive in terrible conditions. D.Caves provide living environment for living organisms. 【答案】 B 【解析】 主旨大意题。文章第一段由 “Scientists have found living organisms( 生物体 )trapped in crystals that could be 50,000 years old.” 引入 , 接下来五个段落都 围绕这个生物体和研究发现进行展开描述 , 故选 B 项。 A 项 “bring hope to( 给 …… 带来希望 )” 在文中没有体现 , 故排除 ;C 项偏离文章讨论的中心 , 故排除 ;D 项没有点出文章主要讨论的这项研究 , 故排除。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 D (2017 山东烟台一模 ) Grandparents who help out occasionally with childcare in their community tend to live longer than seniors who do not care for other people,according to a study from Berlin,Germany. “Having no contact with grandchildren at all can negatively impact grandparents’ health.This link could be deeply rooted in our evolutionary past when help with childcare was important for the survival of the human species,” said Sonja Hilbrand,one of the researchers. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70.Overall,after accounting for grandparents’ age and general state of health,the risk of dying over a 20-year period was one-third lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren,compared with grandparents who provided no childcare. Caregiving was associated with a longer life even when the care receiver wasn’t a relative.Half of all childless seniors who provided support to friends or neighbors lived for seven years after the study began,while non-helpers lived for four years on average. “Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society.Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active,” said Professor Bruno Arpino. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Arpino noted,however,that caregiving is not the only activity that can improve health and that too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities like working,being in social clubs,or volunteering.“Children should take into account their parents’ needs,willingness,and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare,” he suggested.  “It is very important that every individual decides for himself/herself,what proper amounts of help means,” Hilbrand said,adding,“As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity( 强度 )of help you provide,you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself.” 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章通过研究发现 , 老人走出家门帮助看护社区中的小孩有助于延年益寿 ; 文章同时指出 , 看护孩子不是延年益寿的唯一活动 , 老人看护小孩的工作强度要适当 , 要因人而异。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 12 .What is the caregiving study based on? A.Human evolutionary history. B.Demand modern society. C.Social contact between relatives. D.Data on many elderly people. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句 “The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70.” 可知 , 老人看护小孩有助于延年益寿这一发现是基于对 500 多名 70 岁以上老人的研究得出的 , 故 D 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 13 .In Arpino’s opinion,childcare 　　　 .  A.is sure to keep old people away from illnesses B.allows old people to live a more meaningful life C.creates more job opportunities for old people D.makes social activities inaccessible to old people 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段 “Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful...keeps caregivers physically and mentally active,” 得知 ,Arpino 教授认为 , 看护孩子可以保持老人身心活跃 , 使得老人感到自己对他人和社会有价值 , 也就是 老人生活得更有意义 , 故选 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 14 .What does the underlined part “take into account” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A.Limit. B.Ignore. C.Favor. D.Consider. 【答案】 D 【解析】 词义猜测题。从文章倒数第二段可知 , 看护小孩不是延年益寿的唯一活动 , 老人还应该参加其他有意义的活动 ; 而且 , 还要考虑到孩子父母的需要和愿望 , 故选 D 项 “ 考虑 ” 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 15 . What does the last paragraph tell us ? A.Grandparents can do anything in their own interests. B.Grandparents should share more social responsibilities. C.Proper amounts of childcare do good to grandparents. D.Caregiving guarantees every grandparent a longer life. 【答案】 C 【解析】 主旨大意题。在文章最后一段 ,Hilbrand 指出 “ 老人帮助看小孩的合适工作量非常重要 , 只要不感到有压力 , 这样对别人和对老人本人都有好处 ”, 故选 C 项。