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2020
届二轮复习
名词性从句导学案
1.By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived.
(2018·
江苏卷
)
A.where
B.when
C.why
D.how
答案
D
解析
考查
表语从句。
根据句中的
By boat
可知,此处应用
how
引导表语从句,表示到达这里的方式。
2.This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
(2018·
北京卷
)
A.how
B.which
C.that
D.what
答案
D
解析
句
意:这是我父亲教我的
——
总是面对困难,并抱最大的希望。根据语境可知,此处用
what
引导表语从句。句中的
to always face difficulties and hope for the best
是
what
指代的内容。
3.The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
(2018·
天津卷
)
A.whomever
B.wherever
C.whoever
D.whatever
答案
C
解析
句
意:金牌将会被颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的任何选手。本空需要连接词引导宾语从句,连接词在从句中作主语,指人,同时根据句意可知,应用
whoever
“……
的任何人,无论谁
”
引导这个宾语从句。
4.Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
(2017·
北京卷
)
A.whatever
B.whoever
C.whomever D.whichever
答案
B
解析
whatever
任何事;
whoever
任何人;
whomever
任何人;
whichever
无论哪个。句意:每年,任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句,缺少主语,用连接代词,根据意思可知是人获奖,故排除
A
、
D
,因为需要作主语,只能用主格代词
who
,故选
B
。
5.Jane moved aimlessly down the
tree
-
lined
street, not knowing ________ she was heading.
(2017·
北京卷
)
A.why
B.where
C.how
D.when
答案
B
解析
句
意:
Jane
漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上,不知道她将去往何方,根据语境可知此处是表地点的,故选
B
。
6.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________ it used to charge.
(2017·
江苏卷
)
A.that
B.which
C.what
D.how
答案
C
解析
“
half of ________ it used to charge
”
是
$20
的同位语,即原来价格的一半是现在的
$20
;另外,
of
后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语,所以,这里是宾语从句;宾语从句中的
charge
后面缺少宾语,所以用
what
来引导宾语从句,并充当宾语从句中的宾语,故选
C
。句意:我们选择这家宾馆是因为一晚上的住宿费降到了
20
美元,这是该宾馆过去要价的一半。
7.She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
(2017·
天津卷
)
A.when
B.where
C.whether
D.what
答案
C
解析
句
意:他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了。我承认,我还没有还。根据句意,故选
C
。
8.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.
(2016·
北京卷
)
A.However
B.Whoever
C.Whatever
D.Wherever
答案
C
解析
句
意:你的支持对我们很重要,无论你们做什么都会有帮助。从句动词
do
需要宾语,且引导主语从句,故用
whatever
。
名词
性从句指的是在主句中起的作用相当于名词的从句,主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、主语从句
1.
引导主语从句的连接词:从属连词
that, whether/if
;连接代词
what, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever
等;连接副词
when, where, why, how, whenever
等。
That
they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.
从
她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们真是亲姐妹。
What
struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
影片
中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。
2.
主语从句一般放在句首,但有时也可用
it
作形式主语,而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型:
·
It
+
be
+形容词
(necessary/likely/important/uncertain
等
)
+
that
从句
·
It
+
be
+名词
(
短语
)(a pity/a shame/no wonder/no surprise
等
)
+
that
从句
·
It
+
be
+过去分词
(said/reported/decided/believed
等
)
+
that
从句
·
It
+不及物动词
(seem, appear, happen
等
)
+
that
从句
It is uncertain
what
side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药,但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
It’s no surprise
that
our team has won the game.
我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。
It is decided
that
the meeting will be put off till next Monday.
会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。
二、宾语从句
1.
引导宾语从句的连接词:从属连词
that, whether, if
;连接代词
what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever
等;连接副词
when, where, why, how
等;从句用陈述语序。
We
promise
whoever
attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
我们
许诺,任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。
I
truly believe
that
beauty comes from within.
我
确信美来自内在。
2
.
it
作形式宾语的宾语从句
(1)
一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时,则需要用
it
作形式宾语,而将
that
引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有:
find, feel, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make
等。
He has made it clear
that
the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
(2)
动词
hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy
等表示
“
喜欢
”
、
“
厌恶
”
的动词以及一些动词短语
see to, depend on, rely on
等常用
it
作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。
I shall see to it
that
he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候,我会确保把他照顾好。
3
.
宾语从句的时态
(1)
当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。
She
says
(that) she
works
from Monday to Friday.
她说她周一至周五上班。
(
从句是一般现在时
)
She
says
(that) she
has
never
been
to Mount Emei.
她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。
(
从句是现在完成时
)
(2)
当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。
He
said
there
were
no classes yesterday afternoon.
他说昨天下午没有课。
(
从句是一般过去时
)
He
said
that he
was going to
take care of the baby.
他说他会去照看这个婴儿。
(
从句是过去将来时
)
(3)
当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时,其时态仍旧用一般现在时。
The teacher
told
us that nothing
is
difficult if we put our hearts into it.
老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。
He
said
that light
travels
much faster than sound.
他说光比声音传播得快。
4.
当主句的主语是第一人称时,在
think
,
believe
,
suppose
,
expect
等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的,就运用否定转移,将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上。
I
don’t believe
she will attend the meeting.
我
认为她不会来参加该会议。
5.that, what
引导宾语从句的区别
在
宾语从句中,
that
没有词义,在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整,不缺任何成分时,往往选用
that
;而
what
引导宾语从句时,意为
“
什么
”
(
有时候可以不译
)
,在从句中用来作主语或宾语。
The
message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of
what
others actually understand.
你
想用语言所传达的信息可能与他人所理解的恰恰相反。
Galileo
found
that
no matter how many times he tried the experiment, the result remained the same.
伽利略
发现,不管他进行多少次试验,结果都一样。
三、表语从句
1.
引导表语从句的连接词:从属连词
that, whether
;连接代词
what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever
等;连接副词
when, where, why, how
等;从句用陈述语序。
Jerry
did not regret giving the comment but felt
that
he could have expressed it differently.
杰
里不后悔给出评论,但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方法来表达的。
I’d
like to start my own business
—
that’s
what
I’d do if I had the money.
我
愿意自己创业
——
那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。
2.as if/as though
引导的表语从句
as
if/as though
引导的表语从句常跟在
be
,
seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear
等动词之后。
The
thick smog covered the whole city. It was
as if
a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
浓雾
覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。
3.because, why
引导的表语从句
because
, why
也可引导表语从句,但
because
引导的表语从句,主语不能是
reason
或
cause (
该结构常用
that
引导
)
。常用于以下句型:
·
This/That is/was why...
这
/
那是
……
的原因
·
This/That is/was because...
这
/
那是因为
……
·
The reason why...is/was that...
……
的原因是
……
From
space, the earth looks blue. This is
because
about seventy
-
one percent of its surface is covered by water.
从
太空中看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约
71%
被水覆盖。
The
reason
why
he didn’t pass the exam was that he was too careless.
他
没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。
四、同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,位于该名词之后,用以说明该名词的具体内容。
1.
常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有:
advice
建议
conclusion
结论
demand
要求
doubt
怀疑
fact
事实
hope
希望
idea
主意
information
信息
message
消息
news
消息
order
命令
possibility
可能性
promise
诺言
question
问题
request
请求
suggestion
建议
thought
想法
plan
计划
I made a promise to myself
that
this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
我对自己承诺:今年,我高中的第一年,会有所不同。
—Is there any possibility
that
you could pick me up at the airport?
—No problem.
——
你有可能到机场接我吗?
——
没问题。
2.
引导同位语从句的连接词有:
that, whether, how, where, when, why
等。
Evidence
has been found through years of study
that
children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
通过
多年的研究发现:有证据表明孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能会随着他们的成长继续下去。
She
asked a question
why
there was a delay.
她
问了发生延误的原因。
I
have no idea
when
he will come back home.
我
不知道他什么时候回家。
[
名师点津
]
在同位语从句中,
that, whether
不作句子成分。
that
无实义,
whether
意为
“
是否
”
,
if
一般不引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。
3.that
引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语
从句用于解释前面名词的内容,从句本身是一个非常完整的句子,引导词
that
只起引导作用,不在句中作任何成分,一般不可省略。定语从句对其前的名词即先行词加以限制和修饰,从句本身不够完整,因此关系词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分。
When
the news came
that
the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. (that
引导的是同位语从句,
that
不可省略
)
当
战争的消息传来时,他决定参军。
As
a matter of fact, the news (
that/which
) he told me yesterday is true. (that/which
引导定语从句,可以省略
)
实际上
,他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
五、几组区别
1
.
whether
和
if
的用法
(1)whether
和
if
在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用
whether
。
It all depends on
whether
they will come back.
(2)
后面直接跟
or not
时用
whether
。
I didn’t know
whether or not
he had arrived in Wuhan.
(3)
主语从句、表语从句中只能用
whether
。
Whether
the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is
whether
they have so much money.
(4)whether
可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,
if
则不能。
We ought to discuss carefully the question
whether
we can do it or not.
(5)whether
常与
or
连用表示一种选择,
if
不能这样用;
whether
也可与动词不定式连用但
if
不能。
The question of
whether
they are male
or
female is not important.
I have not decided
whether
to go
or not
.
(6)whether
可引导一个让步状语从句表示
“
不管
”
、
“
无论
”
,而
if
不能。
Whether
he comes
or not
,
we will begin our party on time.
2
.
疑问词+
ever
和
no matter
+疑问词的区别
(1)
疑问词+
ever
可引导名词性从句,在从句中要充当一定的成分。
Whoever
breaks the rule must be punished.
You can choose
whatever
you like in the shop.
(2)
疑问词+
ever
还可引导让步状语从句。
Whoever
breaks the rule
,
he must be punished.
Whatever
you do
,
you must do it well.
(3)no matter
+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
No matter what
you do
,
you must put your heart into it.
No matter who
comes late
,
he must be punished.
1
位置判断法
根据名词性从句的句子特点及其所处的位置,判断出属于哪一种从句,从而确定连词的种类。
(1)________ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
A.Whether
B.What
C.That
D.How
答案
B
解析
句
意:一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。从句中缺宾语,只能用
what
来引导,
that
引导主语从句不作成分。
(2)One reason for her preference for city life is ________she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A.that
B.how
C.what
D.why
答案
A
解析
系
动词
is
之后是一表语从句,从句的结构完整,不缺少任何成分,所以用
that
引导。
2
语序判断法
一般来说,名词性从句中
(
当然不只是名词性从句,其他从句也是如此
)
,从句的语序要用陈述语序。
When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know________.
A.he is entering which
lane B.which
lane he is entering
C.is he entering which
lane D.which
lane is he entering
答案
B
解析
which
引导的句子作
know
的宾语,句子用陈述语序。故
B
项为正确答案。
3
句子成分分析法
看从句缺不缺成分,不缺就用
that, whether/if
,缺成分就用
wh
-类连接词
(
包括
how, because
等
)
。
(1)We haven’t discussed yet ________ we are going to place our new furniture.
A.that
B.which
C.what
D.where
答案
D
解析
句
意:我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。由句意知,
discussed
后面的宾语从句中缺少地点状语,因此选择
D
。
(2)As a new graduate, he doesn’t know ________ it takes to start a business here.
A.how B.what
C.when
D.which
答案
B
解析
句
意:作为一名新毕业生,他不知道需要什么才能在这里创业。空格后的从句中
takes
是动词,其后缺少宾语,所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用
what
。