2019二轮复习阅读理解专题推理判断题考点解读课件（56张） 56页

Day 12 功能词汇： 2019 二轮复习阅读理解专题 推理判断题考点解读 __________ adj . 医学的，医疗的 __________ n . 记忆 ( 力 ) ；回忆；纪念；存储 __________ adv . 精神上，心理上 __________ vt.& n. 提及，说起 ________ n . 菜单 ________ adv . 仅仅，只不过 (only, just, simply) ________ n . 模型；模特 adj . 模范的 vt . 模仿 ________ adj . 现代的，新式的 medical memory mentally mention menu merely model modern ________ adv . 几乎全部地，主要地 ___________ n . 动机，目的 ________ n . 电影 ; ［ the pl . ］电影院，电影业 ___________ n . 博物馆 ________ n . 音乐，乐曲 ___________ n . 音乐家，乐师 ___________ adj . 国家的；民族的 n . 公民 ________ adj . 出生地的 n . 本地 ( 国 ) 人 ________ n . 大自然；天性；性质 mostly motivation movie museum music musician national native nature ___________ adj . 必要的 n. ［ pl . ］必需品 _____ n . 便条；笔记；音符 vt . 注意；记录 ___________ n . 营养 ________ n . 物体；目的；宾语 vi . ( to ) 反对 ________ n . 官员，高级职员 adj . 官员 ( 方 ) 的 ________ adj . 联机的，在线的 adv . 在线 ________ vi . 运转； ( on ) 动手术；起作用 vt . 操作；经营 ________ n . 意见，看法，主张 (in my~ 依我看 ) necessary note nutrition object official online operate opinion 推理判断题 阅读理解 专题训练 — 真题再练 1. 推断隐含意义 (2017 全国 Ⅲ 卷 ·27) The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed. 观众们很伤心，舍不得与这家老电影院告别 △ What can we infer about the audience? A. They are disappointed with Bradford. B. They are sad to part with the old theater. C. They are supportive of the city officials. D. They are eager to have a shopping center. B 推理隐含意义。 根据文中 “ teary-eyed audience” 及最后的 “The theater will be missed.” 可知观众们很伤心，舍不得与这家老电影院告别。 √ 2. 推断写作目的 (2017 全国 Ⅱ 卷 ·27) I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid , introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers. The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. … I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words. △ What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To show his love of films. B. To remember a friend. C. To introduce a new movie. D. To share his acting experience. B 推理写作目的。 由全文内容可知， 本文主要讲了作者与朋友 Paul Newman 之间的深厚友谊， 作者写这篇文章的目的是为了怀念朋友 。 √ 3. 推断作者观点态度 (2017 全国 Ⅲ 卷 ·31)…Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. 黄石狼项目是一个很有价值的实验 △ What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring. 观点态度题。 √ 积极的 怀疑的 不赞同的 不关心的 4. 推断文中人物或组织的观点态度 (2017 全国卷 Ⅱ·30)Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality . The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards. Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet. △ What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car? A. Cautious. B. Favorable. C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving. B 推理文中政府态度。 √ 5. 推断文章出处 (2013 全国 Ⅰ 卷 ·63) The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert ( 警觉 ). Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced . As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze ( 凝视 ) starts to lose its focus — until a third, with three black spots, is presented . 关键词 找依据 Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card . Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world? Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer ? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes… 关键词 △ Where does this text probably come from? A. Science fiction. B. Children’s literature. C. An advertisement. D. A science report. 推断文章出处。 √ 6. 推断写法目的 ( 作者意图 ) (2016 全国 Ⅱ 卷 ·29) Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group. 引出下文 △ Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph? A. To explain what they are. B. To introduce BookCrossing. C. To stress the importance of reading. D. To encourage readers to share their ideas. √ B 推断写作目的。 7. 推断文体类型 (2014 全国 Ⅰ 卷 ·23) The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge! The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world. … Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at:http://cambridgesciencefestival.org. △ What type of writing is this text? A. An exhibition guide. B. An art show review. C. An announcement. D. An official report. √ 可知这是一则通告 推断文体类型。 思路点拨 推理判断题要求考生能从文章的字里行间体会、推敲作者的言外之意或弦外之音。从以上真题可知，推理判断题包括： 1. 推断隐含意义： 题干中常有 infer, suggest, learn about 等词。要做到 判断有据 , 推论有理。 要注意 不要选择表层信息的答案 ，而是立足于 由已知推断未知 。 2. 推断写作目的： 题干中常有 purpose, in order to 等词。不同文体的文章可能有不同的写作目的： (1) to entertain or instruct readers ( 如故事类文章 ) ； (2) to persuade readers ( 如广告 ) ； (3) to inform readers, to explain sth ( 如科普类、新闻报道类或文化类文章 ) 。 3. 推断作者观点态度： 题干中常有 think of, attitude, opinion 等词。我们要善于 捕捉描写环境气氛，表达感情、观点态度和心理 的词句来推断作者的 观点态度 。有时还会要求考生推断文中人物或组织对某人某事物的观点态度。 4. 推断文章出处： 题干中常有 come from, most probably appear, most likely to be taken from 等。解答此类题应在了解文章的内容或结构的基础上，结合文体常识来判断。常用的文体有 a news report, an advertisement, a geography book, a booklet. 5. 推断文体类型： 要求考生根据文章的 结构和措辞 等去判断文章属于哪类文体，如广告 ( an advertisement ) 、书评 ( a book review ) 、新闻特写或专题报道 ( a feature story ) 、新闻报道 ( a news report ) 、科技新闻 ( science news ) 、科幻故事 ( science fiction story ) 、展览指南 ( an exhibition guide ) 、通知或公告 ( an announcement ) 等。 6. 推断写法目的： 是指要求考生推断作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者常常会： (1) 为了 引出主题 ， 先提到相关事物 ； (2) 为了让读者关注主题，文章 以提问开始 ； (3) 通过 列举具体事例 来说明主题； (4) 运用 比拟 或 比 喻，让读者更易理解抽象或陌生的事物； (5) 通过 引语 来说明或论证某个观点，或使自己的观点更有说服力。 不论哪类推断题，我们在弄清题目问什么之后，第一步就是用查读法 (scanning) 在文中 找到依据 ，即 答题信息点 ；第二步， 理解相关信息 ；第三步， 结合已有常识，进行适度的符合情理的推断 ，从而得出答案。 推理判断题 阅读理解 专题训练 — 1. 考点练透 △ What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz? A. It will disappear gradually. B. It remains black and white. C. It should keep up with the times. D. It changes every 50 years. √ 推断隐含意义。 2. A. The world is changing faster than ever. B. People have stronger senses than before. C. The world is more complex than it seems. D. People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative. △ What can we infer from the last paragraph? C 推断隐含意义。 最后一段讲“这个世界远比我们所看到的和听到的更忙、更吵、更亲密，有许许多多的事情在发生，只是我们的感观太弱”，因此， “这个世界比看上去更复杂”。 √ 3. △ What is the purpose of the last part of the text? A. To encourage donations. B. To advertise coming events. C. To introduce special exhibits. D. To tell about the Center’s history. √ A 推断写作目的。 由标题中的 Support 和最后一句 “ Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.” 可推断，该部分的目的是 鼓励人们给太平洋科学中心捐款。 4. △ What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph? A. Make decisions in the best interests’ of their own. B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them. C. Sacrifice for their struggling children. D. Get to know themselves better. √ A 推断作者意图题。 作者的意图是在暗示爷辈搬或不搬要根据自身的最大利益来决定。 5. △ What did the author think of her winter life in New York? A. Exciting. B. Boring. C. Relaxing. D. Annoying. 推断作者观点态度。 第一步，找依据： 第一段第一句“ The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter…”; 第二步，理解字面意思： 美国东北部的冬天太冷，不是一个打发时间的好地方； 第三步，推断： 由“ 寒冷 (freezing)”“ 无趣 (not…fun)” 可知，作者认为纽约冬天的生活非常无聊 (boring) 。 √ 6. △ How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon? A. He’s puzzled. B. He’s worried. C. He’s surprised. D. He’s annoyed. √ 推断文中人物情感态度。 “ But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship.” Owain James 并不为间隔年这种现象感到高兴，相反，他为间隔年背后学生承受的压力表示担忧（ worried ）。 7. △ Where does this text probably come from? A. A science textbook. B. A tourist map. C. A museum guide. D. A news report. 推断文章出处。 本文开头讲到“你是否在寻找一些可以带孩子去的新奇刺激的地方”，下文主要是对几家博物馆活动的介绍，因此可以推断出此文应该出现在与博物馆导览有关的书中。 A 项“科普图书”； B 项“地图”； D 项“新闻报道”均不符合题意 . √ 8. △The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____. A. their home comforts B. their body shape C. house buying D. healthy diets √ 推断读者对象。 由第一、二句可知，房子的设计方式会影响身材，结合最后一句话 ( 总起句 ) “Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.” 下文应该是作者在房子设计方面就怎样帮助人们节食给出的一些建议，故可推知， 这篇文章更有可能对那些在乎自己体形的人有帮助。