2018届二轮复习名词和冠词课件（34张） 34页

判定方法 应用体验 当确定所填词是可数名词时，需要考虑其单复数问题。除了根据上下文语境之外，还可以通过以下信息判断。 1. 不定冠词 a, an 后用名词单数 形式。 2. 有 these, those, several, many, all, both 等词修饰时 名词用复数形式。 3. 名词前有 one of 时用名词复 数形式。 4. 如果空格处作主语，且谓语 动词是单数形式，则空格处 应填名词单数形式；若谓语 动词是复数形式，则空格处 应填名词复数形式。 ③ (2017 · 桂林市联考 ) To them, life is a ___________ (compete) — they have to do better than their peers to be happy. ④ (2017 · 山师大附中模拟 ) She had several _______ (illness) when she was very young, including pneumonia and headache. ⑤ (2017 · 绵阳市模拟 ) It is one of the world’s most visited _____ (city) in terms of international arrivals and has the world’s largest city airport system. ⑥ (2017 · 成都市模拟 ) The ___________ (depend) on mobile devices is even having physical and mental effects. ⑦ (2017 · 漳州市八校联考 ) ________ (chance) are that you will receive three different answers. 自主练悟 谨记规律 ① (2017 · 浙江高考 ) Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small _______ (carrot) and was about to throw them away. ② (2017 · 湖南师大附中模拟 ) The new pilot says it’s never too late to spread your ______ (wing) and try something new. 一般在名词词尾直接加 s 。例如： friend ( 朋友 ) → friends 　　　 nation ( 国家 ) → nations interest ( 兴趣 ) → interests change ( 变化 ) → changes member ( 成员 ) → members wing ( 翅膀 ) → wings 自主练悟 谨记规律 ③ (2017· 河南省天一大联考 ) I learned that spies usually hid important letters in an umbrella, in a shoe, or even in a pair of ordinary _______ (glass) ． ④ (2017 · 银川一中二模 ) But without sunlight and good soil, soon the leaves began to fall down and the ________ (branch) began to dry. 词尾是 s, x, ch, sh 时一般加 es 。例如： bus 公共汽车 → buses 　　 fox 狐狸 → foxes coach 教练 → coaches branch 树枝 → branches bush 灌木丛 → bushes 注意： stomach( 胃部 ) 的复数形式是在词尾直接加 s 。 自主练悟 谨记规律 ⑤ (2016 · 四川高考 ) Any smell might attract natural ________ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda. ⑥ (2017 · 唐山市一模 )The 220 pound Qizai has become a superstar, and many ____ (toy) in his color have been made. 词尾是辅音字母＋ y 时，变 y 为 ies ；词尾是元音字母＋ y 时，直接加 s 。例如： enemy 敌人 → enemies 　　　 hobby 业余爱好 → hobbies difficulty 困难 → difficulties toy 玩具 → toys key 钥匙 → keys 自主练悟 谨记规律 ⑦ (2017 · 石家庄市一模 ) On the other hand, if the water is not hot enough, the tea ______ (leaf) won’t open up and you will miss the pleasantly fresh flavor. 词尾是 f 或 fe 时，多将 f 或 fe 变为 ves 。例如： shelf 架子 → shelves 　 knife 刀子 → knives leaf 叶子 → leaves housewife 家庭主妇 → housewives ⑧ (2017 · 江西省重点中学盟校 联考 ) _________ (tomato) and potatoes took some time to become popular. ⑨ (2017 · 四川省龙泉市模拟 ) They may let you surf the Internet, listen to music and take ______ (photo) wherever you are. 词尾是以辅音字母＋ o 结尾，直接加 es ；以元音字母加 o 结尾，直接加 s 。例如： tomato 番茄 → tomatoes 　 zoo 动物园 → zoos 注意： 外来词 piano 与缩略词 photo 直接加 s 。 自主练悟 谨记规律 ① (2017 · 长沙市联考 ) Many enjoy the opportunity to buy presents because gift giving offers a powerful _______ (means) to build stronger bonds with one’s closest persons. 单复数同形的名词：例如： sheep 绵羊 deer 鹿 aircraft 飞行器 Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人 means 手段 works 工厂 series 系列 ② (2017 · 石嘴山市模拟 ) Of the fifteen ________ (child) born to the family, only eight survived. ③ (2017 · 潍坊市复习过关 ) In the US, for example, more than 14% of ________ (woman) between 18 and 34 plan to have just one child. 自身有特殊变化的名词：例如： child 孩子 → children 　 man 男人 → men woman 女人 → women tooth 牙 → teeth foot 脚；英尺 → feet mouse 老鼠 → mice criterion 标准 → criteria medium 传播媒介 → media phenomenon 现象 → phenomena 自主练悟 谨记规律 ① (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅲ ) The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. ____________ ② (2017 · 全国卷 Ⅱ ) Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. __________________________ ③ (2014 · 辽宁高考 ) We’ve called several time about Cleo’s early morning barking. ___________ ④ (2017 · 陕西师大附中模拟 ) It was a long walk to the repairer shop. _____________________ 自主练悟 谨记规律 ① (2017 · 山西省实验中学质检 ) And they talked about turning ___ embarrassing situation into a sweet one ！ ② (2017 · 马鞍山市模拟 ) But now we have already been standing by this road for over ___ hour. ③ (2017 · 湖北省七市联考 ) Unfolded before me was __ unique image of this water country — the stone bridge and the water flowing, all like fairy tales to me. 不定冠词有两种形式： (1) 当紧跟着冠词的第一 个音素为辅音音素 ( 注意：不是辅音字 母 ) 时用 a ； (2) 当紧跟着冠词的第一 个音素为元音音素 ( 注意：不是元音字 母 ) 时用 an 。 自主练悟 谨记规律 ④ (2017 · 浙江高考 ) For Pahlsson, its return was __ wonder. 不定冠词 a/an 放在单数可数名词前，泛指一个人或一个事物。 ⑤ (2015 · 四川高考改编 ) Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be __ Beethoven. 不定冠词 a/an 意为 “ 某一个 ……” ，相当于 a certain 。 ⑥ (2017 · 皖南八校模拟 ) It asks you to work out four times __ week for about two months. 不定冠词表示 “ 每 ……” ，多用于速度、时间等表达中。 自主练悟 谨记规律 ⑦ (2017 · 南昌市三校联考 ) Finally, it was __ great success which saved lives then, and is still saving lives today. ⑧ (2017 · 焦作市模拟 ) I acquired __ good knowledge of that after I read the description in the museum. 具有某些特征、状态或 情感的抽象名词在表示 具体的概念时，可以与 不定冠词连用。如： a success “ 一个成功的人或一件成功的事 ” 。 ⑨ (2017 · 菏泽市模拟 ) The farmer was about to give up when a little boy went up to him and asked to be given __ second chance. 序数词前用不定冠词表 示 “ 另一个 ” 或 “ 又一 个 ” 。 自主练悟 谨记规律 ⑩ (2017 · 黑吉两省六校联考 ) This has created a “ throw away society ” which is __ waste of the earth’s resources. ⑪ (2017 · 福建师大附中模拟 ) This simple way of helping people is now making __ big difference to society. 不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如： a waste of 　 浪费 …… 　 all of a sudden 突然地 as a rule 通常 as a result of 由于 as a whole 总体上 make a difference 有影响 自主练悟 谨记规律 ① (2017 · 太原一模 ) A mouse, because of an unlucky chance, made close friends with an evil frog.One day, ___ frog played a trick on the mouse by tying a foot of the mouse to his own. 定冠词 the 特指某人或某物。 ② (2017 · 陕西省渭南市质检 ) Smoking is one of ___ biggest causes of preventable deaths in England. ③ (2017 · 西安市模拟 ) Robert Bruce, leader of the Scots in ___ 13th century, was hiding in a cave from the English. ④ (2017 · 菏泽市模拟 ) They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things in ___ same way. 在最高级或序数词前面或由 only, very, same 等修饰的名词前面用定冠词 the 。 自主练悟 谨记规律 ⑤ (2017 · 佛山一中模拟 ) Soldiers came to rescue those buried under the ruins, and the government provided food, clothes and shelters for ___ homeless. 定冠词 the 和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。 ⑥ In ___ early 1990s, the library was named after the businessman who donated most of the money with which to buy it. 定冠词用在年代或用于逢十的数词前，也用在表示世纪的某个年代前。 ⑦ (2017 · 甘肃省白银市模拟 ) New fuel can be used to take ___ place of gas. ⑧ (2017 · 沈阳二中模拟 ) On ___ whole, Canadian students do have a lot of freedom. 定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如： take the place of 替代； on the whole 总的来说； on the spot 当场。