高中英语Great scientists学案（新人教版必修5） 10页

必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists ‎

核心单词 ‎1. characteristic n.特色；特性；典型 adj.特有的，表示特性的；典型的 Kindness is one of his characteristics.‎ 和善是他的特性之一。‎ A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.‎ 骆驼的一个特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。‎ He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others. （2010·01·山东德州检测）‎ A. Characteristic B. character C. Appearance D. temper ‎ ‎
解析:选B。句意为：他证明自己是个真正的绅士，和别人一起工作的时候，他的性格总表现出最好的一面。character作名词时，表示“性格；特点”，一般是不可数名词；characteristic是可数名词，常用复数形式，表示“总的特点”。‎ 易混辨析 character/characteristic ‎ ‎ character n.性格，品质（本身具有的）；角色，人物；字体，字符 characteristic n. 特点，特征（用以区别于其他事物的）‎ 高手过招 ‎ 单项填空 ‎2. defeat ‎ vt.击败；打败；使（计划、希望）落空 Our team defeated our opponent by 5:0.‎ 我们队以五比零的比分战胜了对手。‎ He was defeated in his plan.他的计划失败了。‎ 易混辨析 ‎ defeat/conquer/overcome 三个词都含有“战胜”、“击败”的意思。 ‎ defeat指“赢得胜利”，尤其指军事上的胜利，如：defeat the enemy(打败敌人)。‎ conquer指“征服;战胜”,尤其指获得对人、物或感情的控制，如：conquer nature（征服自然）。‎ overcome指“战胜；压倒；克服”，尤其指“感情”，如：overcome difficulties（克服困难）。‎ defeat/beat/win ‎ defeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手。如：beat the competitor/the country/the team ...打败对手/国家/团队……‎ win也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表示尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。如：win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward ...赢得比赛/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏……‎ 高手过招 ‎ 选词填空（beat/defeat/conquer/win） （原创）‎ ‎①By not working hard enough you your own purpose.‎ ‎②Some countries may be but can never be .‎ ‎③Who is the drum?‎ ‎④He the first prize in the writing contest.‎ 答案:①defeated ②defeated; conquered ‎③beating ④won ‎3. attend ‎ v. 注意；留意；处理(与to连用)=do with；‎ 出席；到场；照看；照料=take care=look after 常用结构：‎ attend school/college 上学/上大学 attend a lecture/meeting 听讲座/出席会议 attend a wedding/ceremony 出席婚礼/参加典礼 attendance n. 出席；出席的人数；伺候；照料 ‎ We’ll attend to the problem later. 稍后我们将关注这个问题。‎ ‎ Which doctor is attending you? 哪个医生为你看病?‎ 高手过招 翻译句子 （原创）‎ ‎①他们在我们不在时管理事务。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎②他在这个领域很出名，今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。‎ 答案：①They attended our affairs during our absence.‎ ‎②He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.‎ ‎


‎ ‎4. expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光，常与介词to连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”。‎ 常用结构：‎ expose sth./sb./oneself (to ...) 显露或暴露于……‎ be exposed to 暴露于……‎ Don’t expose it to the rain/wind.别让它被雨淋/风吹。‎ The soldiers in the open field are exposed to the enemy’s fire. 空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下。‎ ‎ The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。 ‎ 高手过招 ‎ 用expose的适当形式填空（原创）‎ ‎①In summer, the sun can be very harmful to your skin.‎ ‎②The soil was washed away by the flood, bare rock. ‎ 答案: ① being exposed to ② exposing ‎ ‎5. cure vt.‎‎&n. 治愈，治疗；常用于“cure sb. of ...”结构中。‎ The doctor cured her of a bad cold.医生治好了她的重感冒。‎ It is possible to cure the sickness.治愈这种疾病是可能的。‎ 易混辨析 cure/treat/heal/recover cure意为“治疗；治愈”，多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。‎ treat为日常用语，意为“治疗；医治”，指治疗病人的全过程或活动。‎ heal意为“治愈（伤口）；医治”，指治好外伤或烧伤后的部位，使伤口愈合，不用于指治疗感冒等疾病。‎ recover意为“痊愈,复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。‎ That pill cured my headache.那种药片治好了我的头疼。‎ That will cure him of his bad habits.那将改正他的坏习惯。‎ There are only two doctors to treat more than 50 patients.‎ 只有两名医生来治疗50多个病人。‎ The wound on my arm has healed.我胳膊上的伤已痊愈了。‎ He’s now fully recovered from his bad cold.‎ 他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。‎ 高手过招 ‎ 完成句子 （原创）‎ ‎①盘尼西林治好了他的肺炎。‎ Penicillin his pneumonia.‎ ‎②事故后卡车司机的擦伤得到了治疗。‎ After the accident, the lorry driver for cuts and bruises.‎ ‎③他手指上的伤口很快愈合了。‎ The cut on his finger quickly.‎ ‎ 答案：①cured him of ②was treated ③healed ‎6. absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；吸收（液体，气体，光，声等）；汲取，理解（知识等）；使全神贯注；吸引（注意等），后常接介词in/by；合并（公司等）；吞并；常接介词into；承受；经受。‎ 联想拓展 absorbed adj. 精神集中的 absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的 absorb from sth. 从……中吸收 be absorbed in 专心于，全神贯注于 Cotton gloves absorb sweat. 棉手套吸汗。 ‎ So many good ideas! It’s too much for me to absorb all at once. 这么多好主意！我很难一下子完全吸收。‎ The old man was completely absorbed in the book.‎ ‎ 老人全神贯注地读这本书。‎ The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city. 四周的小城镇已并入到这座城市中。 ‎ 高手过招 ‎ 完成句子 （原创）‎ ‎①那个人因为看报纸太入神而撞到了墙上。 ，the man walked into a wall.‎ ‎②他们聚精会神地看着电视里的表演，舍不得离开。‎ They were the show on television that they found it hard to pull away.‎ 答案：①Deeply absorbed in the newspaper ‎②so deeply absorbed in watching ‎ ‎7. blame ‎ vt.责备；谴责；归咎于 n.责怪；(过失、过错等)责任 常用结构：‎ blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而指责某人 blame sth. on sb. 因某事而指责某人 sb. be to blame for(doing) sth. 因(做)某事某人应受到谴责 The student blamed the teacher for his failure. ‎ 学生因失败而责怪老师。‎ The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday.‎ 那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。‎ Who is to blame for the failure?‎ 谁该为这次的失败负责?‎ 温馨提示 be to blame 应负责(无被动形式)‎ 高手过招 ‎ ‎(1)单项填空 We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that for their son’s bad performance at school.‎ ‎（2010·01·陕西西安检测）‎ A. are to blame B. is to be blamed C. are to be blamed D. is to blame ‎（2）翻译句子 ‎①看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了。 （原创）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎②这件事谁也不能怨。‎ ‎③他指责你玩忽职守。‎ ‎


‎ 解析： （1）选D。句意为：我们觉得对于孩子在学校里的不好表现，除了杰克的妻子外，杰克也有责任。be to blame是习惯表达方式，要用主动形式表示被动含义。且主语为Jack，故选D项。‎ ‎(2) ①It seemed that the water was to blame for cholera. ②Nobody is to blame for it. ③He blames you for neglect of duty.‎ ‎8. link ‎ vt. 连接；联系 n. 环；连接；联系；纽带 常用结构：‎ link ...to/with 将……和……连接/联系起来 link up 连接起来 The highway links Shanghai to/with Beijing. ‎ 这条公路连接着上海和北京。‎ Your story links up with his.‎ 你所说的和他所说的能联系起来。‎ A lot of links fitted together form a chain. ‎ 许多链环连在一起组成链条。‎ Old friends are a link with the past. ‎ 老朋友是连接往事的纽带。‎ 易混辨析 join/connect/combine/unite ‎ join指的是任何事物的直接连接，连接的程度可紧可松，含有“还能分开”之意。常用结构join ...to, join up。‎ ‎ connect指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来，事物的特征还保持着，常表示与技术有关的连接以及火车、飞机等实行联运。常用结构connect ...with/to。‎ ‎ combine着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起，结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变，但也可能失去其本性，常用结构combine ...with。‎ ‎ unite强调紧密地结合成一体，含极难分开之意,常用结构unite ...with。‎ Please join this pole to that one.‎ 请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来。‎ This flight connects with New York one.‎ 这班飞机在纽约可接上另一趟航班。‎ We should combine theory with practice.‎ 我们应该理论联系实际。‎ 高手过招 翻译句子 （原创）‎ ‎①这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。‎ ‎②这些事件之间都有一些微妙的(subtly)联系。‎ 答案： ①The two towns are linked by a railway.‎ ‎②These events are all subtly linked together.‎ ‎

‎ 重点短语 ‎9. put forward 提出(意见、建议)；推荐；提名；将表拨快 He put forward a better plan.‎ 他提出了一个更好的计划。‎ Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary?‎ 我推荐你（提名让你）担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗？‎ He puts forward several interesting plans.‎ 他提出了几项令人感兴趣的计划。‎ It’s an explanation often put forward by our friend.‎ 这是我们的朋友经常做出的解释。‎ 联想拓展 put in 打断；插嘴；进港 put off 推迟；延期 put on 穿；上演 put away 放好 put down 写下 put on weight 发福；长胖 put out 生产；扑灭 put up 举起；张贴 put back 放回，送回 高手过招 ‎（1）单项填空 At the meeting, he his plan. （原创）‎ A. looked forward to B. put forward C. took forward D. came forward ‎（2）完成句子 （原创）‎ 她正为选举制度改革提出一些建议。‎ She is some proposals for electoral reform.‎ 解析:(1) 选B。句意为:在会议上,他提出了他的计划。put forward提出。‎ ‎(2)putting forward ‎10. look into 调查；了解；研究；朝……里面看 联想拓展 look around/round/about 环顾四周 look after 照顾；照料 look back 回头看 look back to/upon/on 回顾；回想 look down upon 俯视；轻视 look for 寻求；寻找 look forward to 盼望 look on 旁观 look on/upon...as 把……看作 look out 往外看；注意；当心 look through 透过……看；浏览 look up 抬头看；查阅 温馨提示 look into与one’s face/eyes等连用，表示“注视”。‎ He looks into her face with great interest.‎ 他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。‎ Let’s look into the problem together and figure out a way to solve it.让我们一起来研究这个问题，想出解决的办法。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 ‎①In other words I should not watch TV, or your shoulder at other people while we are talking together.（2010·01·江西上高检测）‎ ‎ A. look out B. look into ‎ C. look at D. look over ‎②There was a fire in the hotel. The is now being looked .（2010·01·山西太原五中检测）‎ ‎ A. reason; through B. reason; into ‎ C. cause; through D. cause; into 解析: ①选D。考查短语辨析。look out向外看；look into 调查；look at看；look over从……上看过去。‎ ‎②选D。cause的意思是“起因”；look into的意思是“调查”。‎ ‎11. apart from 除……之外；脱离开；此外 Apart from a few faults，he is a trustworthy teacher.‎ 除了少数的几个缺点外，他是个值得信赖的老师。‎ Apart from being too large, the trousers don’t suit me.‎ 除了太长，这条裤子的款式也不适合我。‎ There can be no knowledge apart from practice.‎ 没有知识能脱离实践。‎ 易混辨析 apart from/except for/except/besides/but for/in addition to/except that ‎ apart from表示“除……外（别无）”时相当于besides和except for,但apart from还有“除……以外（还）”之意。另外，apart from, except for都可用于句首，但except不能。‎ ‎ except“除……”（不包括其后的宾语），besides“除了……还”（包括其后的宾语）。另外，besides还可以作副词,表示“并且，而且”。‎ ‎ but for表示“如果不是由于……”之意（=If it were not for...或If it had not been for...）。‎ ‎ in addition to 相当于besides，表示“除……之外，还有”（包括除去内容在内）。‎ except that后面跟句子，用来表示理由或细节。‎ 高手过招 ‎（1）单项填空 ‎ English, the speaker also has a good command of Russian and French. （2010·01·河北石家庄检测）‎ A. Except B. Except for C. Beside D. Apart from ‎ ‎（2）用apart from/except for/except/except that/besides填空 （原创）‎ ‎①We go there every day Monday.‎ ‎②He is a good man his bad temper.‎ ‎③Your article is good there are some spelling mistakes.‎ ‎④ the cost, it will take a lot of time.‎ ‎⑤ that, everything goes well.‎ ‎(1)解析:选D。 apart from相当于besides，意思是“除……外，还有……”。except表示“除……，不包括在内”，从后面的also看，应用besides或apart from。‎ ‎(2)①except ②except for/apart from ‎③except that ④Apart from/Besides ‎⑤Apart from/Except for ‎12. make sense 讲得通；有道理；有意义(反义词组make no sense)‎ Your story doesn’t make sense to me.‎ 你编的故事我听不明白。‎ It makes good sense to take good care of your health.‎ 照顾好你的身体是明智的。‎ 联想拓展 lose/recover one’s sense=be out of one’s sense ‎ 失去/恢复知觉;丧失/恢复理智 bring sb. to one’s sense 使某人苏醒过来 come to one’s sense 苏醒过来 make sense of 理解；明白 make no sense 没有道理；没有意义 in a/one sense 从某种意义来说 in all sense 从任何意义上说 in no sense 绝不是；绝非 There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 ‎①What he says makes no to her.‎ ‎（2010·01·山东济南模块检测）‎ A. Care B. sense C. Interest D. meaning ‎②The poem is hard to understand. Can you make of this poem? （2010·01·辽宁大连检测）‎ A. Idea B. knowledge C. Sense D. Understanding 解析: ①选B。make sense为固定搭配，意思是“起作用，有意义”。‎ ‎②选C。make sense of sth.“理解或弄懂困难的或无法理解的事物”。另外，sense还可作动词，意为“意识到(某事物)；感觉到”。‎ 重点句型 ‎13. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.‎ 每次暴发（霍乱）时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。‎ 本句是一个复合句，every time引导的是一个时间状语从句，意思是“每当……”，相当于“when”。另外，此状语从句中还有一个“there be”结构。So many thousands of terrified people died是主句。‎ 联想拓展 类似的时间状语归纳：‎ each time每次；每当 ‎ at the time在那个时候；（当……）的时候 ‎ any/next/the first/the last time意为“任何/下一次/第一次/最后一次”。‎ the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly等都可以引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。‎ She went to see him directly she got the letter.‎ 她一收到信就去看他了。‎ Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio.‎ 一吃完饭他就把收音机打开了。‎ She came to the scene the moment she heard of the accident.她一听说发生了事故，就立刻赶到了现场。‎ The last time we talked he said he needed another two days.上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。‎ 高手过招 ‎（1）单项填空 She said to me, “I’ll tell you the result of test I know it.” （2010·01·陕西师大附中检测）‎ A. Because B. the moment C. After D. though ‎ ‎（2）同义句转换 （原创）‎ I gave Mary the money when I saw her.‎ I gave Mary the money I saw her.‎ 解析： （1）选B。the moment意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。类似用法的连词还有: the minute/instant; instantly/immediately/directly等。‎ ‎(2)the minute/the moment ‎14. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it ...‎ 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转……‎ 此句中“with+宾语+宾语补足语(v.ing/v.ed/to do/adj./adv./prep. phrases)”构成的复合结构在句中常用作状语，表示方式，原因或条件等。‎ With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest.在这位老人的带领下，我们开始向森林进发。‎ She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.‎ 她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。‎ 高手过招 翻译句子 ‎①老师微笑着走进教室，身后跟着一群小朋友。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎②随着考试的结束，我们的假期开始了。‎ 答案：①With a group of children following, the teacher came into the classroom with smile.‎ ‎②With the test finished, we began our holiday.‎ ‎ ‎