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  • 2021-05-21 发布

2018届二轮语法专题复习特殊句式课件(111张)

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2018 届二轮复习 特殊句式 一、倒装 英语中有时出于语法或达到某种修辞目的(强调、承上启下、平衡等)的需要,要把谓语或谓语的一部分放在主语之前,称为倒装。倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装: 完全倒装 把 整个谓语放到主语之前 ; 部分倒装 只把 谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语之前 。 必备清单 1. 有些 副词 (如 here, there, up, down, in, out, away, off 等) 置于句首 ,且主语是名词时, 句子要用完全倒装 。 注意:主语是人称代词时不倒装。 如: John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.   ( 陕西 2010) Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away fled the thief .   ( 上海 2009) Here it is. 完全倒装 部分倒装 1. 当“ only + 副词”、“ only + 介词短语”或“ only + 状语从句 ”位于 句首作状语 时, 句子 / 主句需用部分倒装 。 Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters.    ( 上海 2012) 1) only 修饰状语从句时,从句不可倒装 。 Only when he returned did we find out the truth.(√) 2) only 修饰主语时,句子不可倒装。 Only he can answer the question.(√) 3) 在部分倒装句中,如果 谓语部分无助动词 ,则须找 助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句 。 Only after the war did he learn the sad news.(√) 2. 具有 否定意义或半否定意义的副词 以及 含有否定词的介词短语、连词固定搭配 置于 句首 时,需用 部分倒装 。 (1) 常见的 否定或半否定的副词 有: never , seldom , little( 少 ) , hardly , nowhere , rarely , scarcely , not 等。 Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.   ( 江西 2012) (2) 常见的 否定的介词短语 有: at no time( 从来没有 ) , by no means( 决不 ) , in no way( 决不 ) , in no case( 决不 ) , under no circumstances( 在任何情况下都不 ) 等。 e.g. By no means will this method be effective. (3) 常见的否定连词 有: not only...but also... , no sooner...than... , hardly...when... , scarcely...when... , not until... 等。 在含有 hardly ... when, no sooner ... than, not only ... but also 的句子中,要在 hardly, no sooner, not only 分句中进行主谓语的部分倒装 ,而在含有 not until 分句的句子中,要在 not until 分句之后的主句中进行主谓语的部分倒装 。 Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but also we should try our best to overcome them. Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. (4) so, neither, nor 位于 句首 ,表示前面所说的(否定)情况也适用于另一人(或物)时,句子用 部分倒装 。如: This is not my story, nor is it the whole story. My story plays out differently.   ( 四川 2012) 3. 在 so / such ... that 结构中,若 “ so + 形容词 / 副词”或“ such + 名词”位于句首 时,则 主句用倒装语序 ; such 充当表语位于句首时,主句也用倒装语序 。 So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.   ( 山东 2009) 4. as 引导的让步状语从句用倒装 。 (1) 表语的倒装 。 Tired as he was, he kept on working. (2) 谓语动词的倒装 。 Try as he might/did, he didn't pass the exam. (3) 状语的倒装。 Much as I travel, I've never found a more beautiful place. 注意   以上 as 倒装结构也适用于 though ,但 although 不能用于倒装句 。 5. 频度状语 often , always , once , many a time , now and again , every other day 等;方式状语 thus ;程序状语 so ;地点状语 in the distance , in front of 等位于 句首 时,需要 部分倒装 。 e.g. Many a time has he helped me with my computer. So fast does light travel that we can't imagine its speed. 5. 频度状语 often , always , once , many a time , now and again , every other day 等;方式状语 thus ;程序状语 so ;地点状语 in the distance , in front of 等位于 句首 时,需要 部分倒装 。 e.g. Many a time has he helped me with my computer. So fast does light travel that we can't imagine its speed. 倒装高考链接 1. Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _____ properly in this hospital.  (2013 新课标全国卷 II) A. can be the patients treated        B. can the patients be treated C. the patients can be treated        D. treated can be the patients 当“ only + 介词短语”位于句首作状语时,句子要用部分倒装,即把助动词或情态动词置于主语前。 B 2. Only when he apologizes for his rudeness _____ to him again. ( 江西 2013) A. I will speak               B. will I speak C. do I speak                 D. I speak 当“ only + 状语从句”位于句首作状语时,主句要用部分倒装,即把助动词或情态动词置于主句主语前。 B 3. Not once _____ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.  ( 湖南 2013) A. occurred it               B. it did occur C. it occurred              D. did it occur 否定副词 not 置于句首,句子要用部分倒 装,故在此把助动词 did 放在主语前。 D 4. Not until he went through real hardship _____ the love we have for our families is important.  ( 福建 2013) A. had he realized            B. did he realize C. he realized                 D. he had realized not until 置于句首,主句要用部分倒装,且 realize 所表示的动作发生在 went through 之后,因此主句要用一般过去时。 B 5. At no time _____ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.   ( 辽宁 2013) A. they actually broke   B. do they actually break C. did they actually break   D. they had actually broken at no time 置于句首,句子要用部分倒装,同时结合 was 可知,题干中第一句陈述过去的情况,故谓语要用一般过去时。 C 6. “Never for a second,” the boy says, “_____ that my father would come to my rescue.” ( 江苏 2013) A. I doubted             B. do I doubt C. I have doubted     D. did I doubt 否定副词 never 置于句首,句子要用部分倒装,且由 that 从句的时态可知,主句谓语要用一般过去时。 D 1. 对谓语动词的强调 强调谓语动词时,用“ do/does/did +动词原形”来表示,意为“确实,一定,肯定 ”。 Do be careful when crossing the street. The train does move . They did come to see you yesterday , but failed to meet you. 二、强调 2. It 强调句型 1) It 强调句型的基本形式 It 强调句型最基本的句式结构为: It be +被强调部分+ that/who +句子 ; 被强调部分是 除谓语之外的其他句子成分 ,可以是 单词、短语,也可以是从句 ;当 强调人时 ,可以用 who 或 that ;强调 其他成分,则只能用 that 。 It is I who/that am right. ( 强调主语 ) 2) 对 not...until... 结构的强调 句型为: It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分 。 I didn't realize she was a famous film star until/till she took off her dark glasses. → It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 注意  强调句只用 until ,不用 till 。但如果不是强调句型, till, until 可通用;因为句型中 It is/ was not ... 已经是否定句了, that 后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。 3. 强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句 (1) 强调句的 一般疑问句 的基本句型为: Be + it +被强调部分+ that/who +句子其他成分 Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English? (2) 强调句的特殊疑问句的基本句型 为: 特殊疑问词+ be + it + that/who/whom +句子其他成分 What is it that you want me to do? 注意  强调句的特殊疑问句用于名词性从句中,要用陈述语序。 I have no idea when it was that I lost my wallet. 4. 含有情态动词的强调句的疑问句结构 (1) 一般疑问句的基本强调句型 为: 情态动词或助动词+ it + be +被强调部分+ that +句子其他成分 Might it be in the office that she left her keys? (2) 特殊疑问句的基本强调句型 为: 特殊疑问词+情态动词或助动词+ it + be + that +主语+句子其他成分 Where might it be that the accident happened? 5. 强调句型应注意的问题 (1) 谓语动词人称和数的一致性 。 在强调句中,如果 强调的是句子的主语,其后谓语动词应和被强调部分的人称和数保持一致 。 It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds. (2) 强调时间、地点、原因、方式状语时,一律用 that ,不用 when , where , why , how 。 It was because he was ill that he was absent. 他缺席是因为他病了。 (3) 强调句型的反意疑问句,其问句部分用 isn't/wasn't it 。 It was yesterday that he met Li Ping , wasn't it? (4) 当 原因状语从句由 as , since 等引导时, 强调原因状语应改 as , since 为 because ,即只能强调由 because 引导的原因状语从句。 It was because he didn't know much about English that he looked up the word in the dictionary. 1. 不定式后省略动词 在特定的语境下,为避免重复,常用 不定式符号 to 来代替不定式的内容 。若 不定式中含有 be, have, have been 时,通常保留 be, have 和 have been 。如: — What’s the matter with Della? — Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still hopes to .   — Aren’t you the director? — No, and I don’t want to be . 三、省略 2. 动词不定式省略 to 1) 在感官动词后作宾语补足语的不定式省略 to 。 2) 在使役动词 make, let, have 等后作宾语补足语的不定式省略 to 。 3) 在 rather than 等表示“与其 …… 不如”短语后的不定式省略 to 。 4) 介词 but / except 前边有实义动词 do 的某种形式时,其后的不定式省略 to 。如: He can do nothing but / except lie down and sleep. 5) 在 can not but do sth . , can’t choose but do sth . , can not help but do sth . 句式中, but 后跟的不定式(短语)省略 to 。 3. 并列句的省略 (1) 如果 后面的分句中有与前面相同的部分,常可省略后面分句中的相同部分 。 Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. (2) 有时 并列句中省略前一分句中的一部分内容,需联系后一分句才能理解句子的含义 。 Mr Wang can (finish the work on time) and Mr Wang ought to finish the work on time. 4. 复合句中的省略 1) 宾语从句的省略 (1) 宾语从句中可以省略与前面相同的部分 ;在两个 并列宾语从句 中, 第一个连词 that 可以省略,第二个则不可省略 ; that 引导的宾语从句如被谈到,则可用 so 或 not 代替 。如: She said she would come, but I didn’t know when (she would come). I believe (that) she can manage the company and that it will be a success. — Will you be there? — I guess so. (2) 由 which , when , where , how 和 why 引导的宾语从句,可全部或部分省略 。 He will come back , but he doesn't know when (he will come back) . 2) 状语从句的省略 (1) 在 状语从句 中,如果 谓语动词是 be 或 含有助动词 be ,且 其主语与主句的主语一致或是 it 时,常省略从句的主语和 be 。如: Film has a much shorter history, especially when compared to such art forms as music and painting.     (2012 新课标全国卷 ) (2) 在 由 than 或 as ... as 引导的状语从句 中,常会有一些成分在 上下文清楚的情况下被省略掉 。如: He has made greater progress than (he did) before. I like the black one. The blue one isn’t as good (as the black one). 4) 定语从句的省略 (1) 在 限制性定语从句 中,作宾语用的关系代词 whom , which , that 可省略。 The girl (who/whom/that) the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying. (2) 先行词为 way 且在 定语从句中作状语时 , 用 that/in which 引导定语从句,亦可都省略;当先行词是 time , reason , place 时,作状语的关系副词 when , why , where 也可以省略 。 I don't like the way (that/in which) you treat your mother. 注意 :   以下是已被看成约定俗成的省略结构,为考查重点 : if so ,“如果是这样的话”; if not ,“如果不的话”; if ever ,“如果曾经有的话”; if necessary ,“如果有必要的话”; How come ?“怎么会这样呢?” What if... ?“倘若 …… 会怎么样?” How/What about... ?“ …… 怎么样?” So what ?“那又怎么样呢?” 省略高考链接 1. The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _____. (2013 新课标全国卷 I) A. not to do                                  B. not to C. not do                                      D. do not but 后的部分是省略句,补全应为: was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside ,为了避免重复,用 not to 代替。 B 2. — It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella. — Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _____.  ( 重庆 2013) A. hadn’t                                     B. haven’t C. didn’t                                      D. don’t 答语中用了虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反,故 if 从句中谓语要用过去完成时,且题干 if 从句是省略句,补全应为: if we hadn’t taken an umbrella 。 A ( 一 ) 祈使句 1 . 祈使句的否定式和强调式 (1) 祈使句的否定式是在整个结构前加 don't 或 never 。 Never come late. Please don't forget to take your medicine. 四、祈使句、感叹句和反意疑问句 注意: 以 let 开头的祈使句的否定形式通常是在 let's 或 let us/me 后加 not 。 Let's not waste our time arguing about it! (2) 祈使句的 强调式是在整个结构之前加 do 。 Do give my regards to your parents! 2 . 祈使句表假设的情况 祈使句常用于固定句式“ 祈使句+ and/or/otherwise +一般将来时陈述句 ”, 若前后表顺承关系,用 and ;若前后表转折关系,用 or 或 otherwise ,祈使句则相当于一个条件状语从句 。 (1) 祈使句+ and +陈述句=名词短语+ and +陈述句= if 条件状语从句+主句 Have a little patience and we'll look into it soon. = Just a little patience and we'll look into it soon. = If you have a little patience , we'll look into it soon. (2) 祈使句+ or +陈述句= if...not... +主句 Work harder , or you'll fail. = If you don't work harder , you'll fail. ( 二 ) 感叹句 表示强烈情绪 ( 喜、怒、哀、乐、惊、恐等 ) 的句子叫感叹句, 通常由 what 或 how 引导 。 1. 基本形式 (1) What + (a/an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语 ! What a clever boy he is! What wonderful ideas you have! (2) How +形容词+ a/an +单数可数名词+主语+谓语 How difficult a problem it is! (3) How +形容词 / 副词+主语+谓语! How clever the boy is! 2. 其他形式的感叹句 (1) how 直接修饰谓语动词: How +主语+谓语 ! How (much) we love our motherland! (2) 常见的其他形式 How can you be so silly ! The designs and the colours ! ( 三 ) 反意疑问句 反意疑问句又可叫做附加疑问句,由“ 陈述句+反意问句”构成 。 反意问句的动词总是助动词、情态动词或 be 动词的某种形式 ,反意问句的主语用代词充当。基本原则是“ 前否后肯,前肯后否 ”。 1. 陈述部分含有 must 的反意疑问句 (1) 陈述句部分谓语动词含有 must 时, must 如表示“必须”,反意问句用 mustn't ,如表示“必要”,则用 needn't ;如 mustn't 表示“不允许,禁止”,其反意问句部分用 must 或 may 。 You must get to school at 8 a .m., mustn't you? We must start working right now, needn't we? You mustn't smoke here, must/may you? (2) 当 must 表示推测,作“一定,准是”讲时,反意问句部分根据 must 后的谓语动词形式及含义采用相应的动词形式 。 You must be tired, aren't you? He must have done it last night, didn't he? Tom must have been to Shanghai before, hasn't he? 2. 陈述部分含有 used to 和 ought to 的反意疑问句 (1) 陈述部分 谓语动词是 used to 时,用 didn't 或 usedn't 两种方式反问 。 He used to go swimming in summer, didn't/ usedn't he? (2) 陈述部分谓语动词是 ought to 时,用 oughtn't 或 shouldn't 反问 。 He ought to be praised for what he has done, oughtn't/shouldn't he? 3. 当陈述部分有 neither , none , nobody , nothing , few , little , never , hardly , seldom 等否定意义或半否定意义的副词时,反意问句应用肯定形式 。 Nobody understood his speech, did they? His sister seldom argues with people, does she? 注意 :   陈述部分出现 含有否定意义的前缀或后缀的词时,反意问句仍用否定结构 。 He is unfit for his job , isn't he? 4. 含有宾语从句的反意疑问句 当 陈述部分带有宾语从句 时, 疑问部分的主语与助动词应和主句保持一致 。 He never said she would come, did he? 注意 : ① 当 陈述部分谓语动词是 think , believe , suppose , expect , imagine 且主语为第一人称时 , 疑问部分的主语和谓语动词均应和宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致,且应注意否定转移;但如果主语不是第一人称,反意问句则与主句保持一致 。 I don't believe he will succeed, will he? Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesn't she? ② 并列句的反意疑问句则根据最接近的分句来完成 。 We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, will you? 5. 陈述部分谓语动词是 dare , need 时,如果作情态动词,用 dare , need 本身反问 ;如果 作实义动词,则用 do 的适当形式反问 。 You daren't climb the rock, dare you? The little girl doesn't dare to go alone at night, does she? We need to help them, don't we? 6. 陈述部分谓语动词 have 作“有”解时,可用 don't 或 haven't 反问;作其他意义解释时用 do 的某种形式反问 。 He hasn't any sisters, does/has he? They have to receive strict training beforehand, don't they? 7. 感叹句的反意疑问句 陈述部分是感叹句时,一律用 be 或助动词的否定形式反问 。 What a naughty boy he is, isn't he? How hard she works, doesn't she? 8. 祈使句的反意疑问句 祈使句的反意疑问句的构成,必须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其反意部分,有四种形式。 (1) 祈使句的肯定形式,其反意问句表示“请求”时,通常用 will you ;表示“邀请,劝说”时,用 won't you 。 Be sure to write to us, will you? ? ( 表示“请求” ) Come to have dinner with us this evening, won't you?( 表示“邀请” ) Try to be back by two, won't you? ( 表示“劝说” ) (2) 祈使句的否定形式,其反意问句通常只用 will you 构成 。 Don't smoke in the meeting room, will you? (3) 以 let 开头的祈使句,构成反意问句时,除 let's 用 shall we 构成外,其他均用 will you 。 Let the boy go first, will you? Let's take a walk after supper, shall we? 9. 反意疑问句的回答 反意疑问句的回答,不是根据汉语习惯来确定用 yes 还是 no ,而是根据答语的内容来确定,不管主句为否定,还是反意问句为否定,回答时只看所提到的事情是否已 / 会发生。 如果发生了,用肯定回答,否则用否定回答 。要 特别注意陈述部分是否定结构,反意问句部分用肯定形式时,回答的 yes 要译成“不”, no 要译成“是的” 。 — He likes playing football, doesn't he? — Yes, he does. 是的。 — No, he doesn't. 不是。 — You haven't seen the film, have you? — Yes, I have. 不,我看过。 — No, I haven't. 是的,我没有看过。 10 .陈述部分主语和反意问句主语的对应关系 在反意问句中,代词用人称代词 I , we , you , he , she , it 或 they ,谓语动词用助动词、情态动词或 be 动词 。 You wouldn't like to take these pills, would you ? His father can't name the plant, can he ? You like traveling, don't you ? This is very important, isn't it ? 五、 there be 句型 there be 句型表示“某处存在某物”, there 是引导词,本身没有词义, be 是谓语动词, be 后面的名词是主语,主谓语的数必须一致。 be 可以有不同的时态,而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。 如果有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语动词 be 常和最近的那个主语在数上保持一致。 There is a pen, two books on the desk. There are two books, a pen on the desk. 1. there be 结构的变体 there be 结构中的谓语动词 be , 有时可用 seem to be , happen to be , remain , exist , live , stand , lie 等词或词组来替代 。 There seems to be something wrong with me. There remained just twenty pounds. 2. 含 there be 的固定句型 There is no possibility/probability/chance of/that... 不可能 …… There is no sense/point(in)doing sth . 干某事没意义。 There is no doubt about/that... 毫无疑问 …… There is no need(for sb.)to do sth . ( 某人 ) 没必要干某事。 There is no lack of... 有很多的 …… ,不缺乏 …… There is no denying... 无可否认 …… There is some difficulty/trouble in... …… 方面有困难。 There is no sign of... 没有 …… 的迹象。 考点归纳 特殊句式主要指: 省略、倒装、强调、祈使、反意疑问句和主谓一致 。 其中 高考考查的重点是祈使、倒装和强调结构 。 1. 感叹句、祈使句和反意疑问句 ( 1) what 与 how 引导的感叹句 作为宾语从句出现在试题中,其 难点有两方面 :一是复数名词或不可数名词前面用 what 还是 how; 二是感叹句的语序。 (2) 祈使句的主要考点 是:根据句式特点判断是祈使分句还是状语成分; 祈使句+ and/or +结果分句。 (3) 反意疑问句主要考查主从复合句和并列句后面的反意疑问句 。 2. 强调句型 (1) 强调句型的几种构成形式。如:疑问形式、 It might be/must have been … that … 等含有情态动词的形式。 (2) 强调句型和其他带有 it 的复合句型的区别。如:强调句型与主语从句、定语从句、时间状语从句的区别。 (3)not until … 的强调。 3. 主谓一致 主谓一致主要以单项填空题的形式来测试 语法一致的原则、意义一致的原则、就近一致的原则,同时还涉及动词时态、语态等 。高考试题一般不会单独考查主谓一致,而是借助于时态、语态及句式 ( 如倒装句 ) 等间接考查。 2014 年高考将注重考查各知识点之间的交叉现象,加大了 综合考查语法知识的力度 ,在 考查强调句的同时考查定语从句,把省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合到一起,强调了学生综合把握语法知识的能力 。 重点 1 倒装   1. 完全倒装。 (1) here, there, now, then 等副词放在句首时 , 句子要完全倒装 , 谓语动词常用 come, go, be, lie, run 等 。完全倒装句常用一般现在时或一般过去时。 注意 : 上述完全倒装句子中主语若为人称代词 , 主谓不颠倒 : Here he comes. (2) 表示 方位的副词 in, out, back, up, down, off, away 等置于句首时 , 句子要全部倒装 , 句子的谓语动词常是 come, go 等表示运动的词 。 (3) 表语提到句首 , 采用完全倒装 : “ 表语 + 系动词 + 主语”。 ( 进行时态也可这样 ) 。 Present at the meeting are some famous scientists. (4) 有时当句子没有宾语而主语又比较长 , 或者为了使上下文紧密衔接 , 常把作 表语的形容词、副词、介词短语或作地点状语的介词短语提至句首 , 主语、谓语采用完全倒装形式 。 At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake and near the lake are some farmhouses hidden in trees. (5) 用于 there be 结构之中 。 2. 部分倒装。 (1) 否定词 : not( 不 ), seldom( 很少 ), never( 从不 ), hardly( 几乎不 ), barely( 几乎不 ), scarcely( 几乎不 ), little( 完全不 ), never before( 以前从不 ), not. . . until( 直到 …… 才 ), no sooner. . . than( 刚 …… 就 )=hardly. . . when, by no means( 决不 ), under no circumstances( 决不 ), in no case( 决不 ), nowhere( 没有地方 ), neither, nor, rarely, no longer, not until, at no time, on no account 等 放在句首 , 需用部分倒装 。 not only. . . but also( 不仅 …… 而且 ) 连接并列句时 , 前一分句用部分倒装 。 (2)“ only + 副词 / 介词短语 / 状语从句作状语放在句首 , 主句要采用部分倒装 。 (3)“ so + 助动词 /be 动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 ” , 表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于其他人或物 ; “ neither/nor + 助动词 /be 动词 / 情态动词 + 主语” , 表示前面所说的否定情况也适用于其他人或物 。 (4) so/such. . . that 句型 , so/such 部分置于句首时 , 采用部分倒装 : (5) if 的虚拟条件句中含有 should, had 或 were 等助动词时 , 可以省略 if, 将 should, had 或 were 提到主语前。 (6) 以 as/though 引导的让步状语从句通常倒装 , 其结构为 : ① 形容词 / 副词 / 名词 + as/though + 主语 + 谓语 ② 动词 + as/though + 主语 + 情态动词 重点 2 省略   1. 动词不定式的省略。 (1) 一些表示心理活动、情感态度的动词或短语 , 如 expect/want/hope/wish/love/hate/decide/plan/mean/try/would like/be ready/be afraid/be glad 等 , 后面的动词不定式省略 to 后面的动词部分 , 但保留 to 。 (2) 省略时 , 不定式 to be 省略时还得保留 be 。 (3) 不定式的完成式的省略则为 to have 。 2. 状语从句的省略 。 在一些状语从句中 , 如果谓语动词是 be, 且主语和主句的主语一致 , 或者主语是 it, 常常可以把从句中的主语和 be 省略掉 。 重点 3 强调   1. 强调句的特殊句式。 强调句的特殊句式 结构构成 一般疑问句 Is/Was it+ 被强调部分 +that/who+ 句子其他部分 ? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 +is/was it+ that+ 句子其他部分 ? not until 句式 It is/was not until. . . +that+ 句子其他部分 not. . . but. . . 句式 It is not. . . +that. . . , but. . . /It is not. . . but. . . that. . . 2. 用助动词 do, does 或 did 来强调谓语动词 , 用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中 , do 还可以用于祈使句 。 重点 4 反意疑问句   1. 主从复合句的反意疑问句 , 与主句的主谓语保持一致。但当陈述部分是 I (We) think /believe/expect / suppose 加从句时 , 疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致 。 2. must 表示猜测时的反意疑问句 。 (1)“must be” 对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理。 (2)“must+ 完成时”用来推测过去的动作强调对现在的影响 , 句中没有表示过去时间的状语时按现在完成时的附加疑问句来处理。如有明确的表过去的时间状语 , 按一般过去时处理。 3. 陈述部分是祈使句 , 疑问尾句用 will you; 但如果陈述部分是 let’s 开头的祈使句 , 疑问尾句用 shall we 。 4. 陈述部分带有 seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing 等否定词或半否定词时 , 附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式 。 重点 5 感叹句的固定句式 (1)What a(n )+ 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语 ! (2)What+ 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语 ! (3)How+ 形容词 +a(n )+ 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语 ! (4)How+ 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语 ! 真题再现 1. (2013 · 浙江 ) There are some health problems that, when _____ in time, can become bigger ones later on. A. not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not having been treated 考查状语从句的省略 。 that 引导 problems 的定语从句 ; when 引导定语从句中的时间状语从句 , 补全为 when they are not treated in time, 定语从句的主语 that 代指 problems, 与 when 从句的主语相同 , 符合状语从句省略的条件 , 所以省略了主语 they 与系动词 are 。 A 2. (2013 · 福建 )Anyone, once ___ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test 考查 状语从句的省略 。若主句与状语从句的主语一致 , 状语从句中又含有系动词 be, 则可省略状语从句的主语和系动词 , 该从句补充完整为 once anyone is tested. . . 。 C 3. (2013 · 新课标全国卷 Ⅰ)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police________. A. not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not 考查动词不定式的省略 。此处是 ask sb. to do 的被动语态形式 , 所以首先排除 C 、 D 两项。动词不定式符号 to 指代前面的 to park his car near the roadside, 为了避免重复 , 直接用 to 。 B 4. (2013 · 天津 )It was not until near the end of the letter ______she mentioned her own plan. A. that B. where C. why D. when 考查强调句 。分析句子可推断此处考查 not until 的强调句 , 形式是“ it is/was not until. . . that. . . ”, 故选 A 。  A 5. (2013 · 新课标全国卷 Ⅱ)It was only after he had read the papers ______ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. A. when B. that C. which D. what 考查强调句型 。题干是强调句型 , 强调句型的结构是 : It+be + 被强调部分 +that/who+ 其他。此处被强调部分是 only after he had read the papers 。 B 6. (2013 · 重庆 )It was with the help of the local guide _______the mountain climber was rescued. A. who B. that C. when D. how 考查强调句 。将 it was 和 that 去掉后句子重新排序依然完整可以断定为强调句 , 故选 that; A 项只有在强调人时才会使用 ; C 、 D 两项在强调句中不适用。 B 4. (2013 · 四川 )Read this story, _____ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. A. or B. and C. but D. so 考查固定句式 : 祈使句 +and+ 陈述句 。结合句意可知前后两个分句之间为顺承关系 , 故选择并列连词 and 。 A 项表示两分句之间为转折关系 ; B 项表示两分句之间为顺承关系 ; C 项表示两分句之间为转折关系 ; D 项表示两分句之间为因果关系。 B 巩固练习 1. _____ from the cinema, talking about the exciting film happily they had just seen. A. Rushed out some children       B. Rushing out some children C. Out rushed some children       D. Out rushing some children away, down, out, up 等副词置于句首,且主语是名词时,句子用全部倒装。 C 2. _____ my seat when a fashionable hostess stepped onto the stage, announcing the beginning of the show. A. Hardly had I taken                   B. Hardly I had taken C. I hardly took                             D. Hardly did I take Hardly ... when 句式中, Hardly 分句要用部分倒装语序,且 take 所表示的动作发生在从句谓语动作之前,故要用过去完成时。 A 3. Not until they knew the result of the football match _____ relieved and went to bed. A. they felt                       B. did they feel C. they had felt               D. had they felt Not until 置于句首时,从句的主谓不倒装,主句的主谓要部分倒装,且 feel 所表示的动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时。 B 4. So clearly and slowly _____ these words that everyone in the room knew what he meant. A. does he say                            B. says he C. did he say                               D. he said 在 so ... that 句式中,当 so 置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装语序;由 knew 可知, say 所表示动作发生在过去,要用一般过去时。 C 5. — I don’t think the book is good for students, so I won’t buy it. — If you don’t buy it, _____. A. I don’t, neither              B. neither do I C. I won’t, neither             D. neither will I 表示前面所说的否定情况也适用于另一人(或物),常用 neither / nor + 助动词 + 主语,且由语境可知, If 从句中用一般现在时表将来,故被省略的部分应该用一般将来时。 D 6. Even after the repair, the temple is still not as good as it _____. A. used to                                  B. used to do C. used to be                             D. used to have used to 后的部分承前省略,若省略的部分中含有 be 时,通常保留 be 。 C 7. The boiled water makes a refreshing drink when _____ ice and lemon. A. serve with                        B. served with C. having served with         D. serving with 主从句中的主语都是 boiled water ,且 when 从句补全应为: when the boiled water is served with ice and lemon ,故省略主语 the boiled water 和谓语部分中的 is 。 B 8. — Having bought a new car, we can’t afford a holiday now, can we? — _____. A. I guess not               B. I don’t guess C. I don’t guess so      D. I guess not so 答语部分是省略句,补全应为: I guess that we can’t afford a holiday now 。当 that 引导的宾语从句被省略时,用 not 代替所省略的否定内容。 A 9. He has to finish the experiment today. He must be in the lab, __________? A. mustn’t he B. won’t he C. doesn’t he D. isn’t he 考查反意疑问句。此处 must 表示推测 , 疑问部分不能用 must, 而应根据 must 后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式 , 此处为 be 动词。 D 10. — Was it because of the terrible weather _______ his flight was delayed? — Not really. An old lady suffered a heart attack and they had to fly back. A. when    B. why    C. how    D. that 考查强调句型。此处为强调句型的一般疑问句形式 Is/Was it + 被强调成分 +that/who+ 句子的其他部分 , 此处被强调成分为原因状语。 D 11. _______what the six blind men said sounded! A. How foolishly B. How foolish C. What foolishly D. What foolish 考查感叹句。此处原句应为 What the six blind men said sounded foolish. , 把此句改为感叹句。 B

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