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2019
届二轮复习语法专题从定 语 从 句类型角度解析关系词
1.
定语从句考点
1
、关系代词
that – which; whose; which – as
的用
法比较；
2
、关系代词和关系副词的用法比较；
3
、介词加关系代词引导的定语从句；
4
、定语从句与并列句的区别。
1
、关系代词的用法比较
问题
1
：
1
、
Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in
the office.
（
05
浙江卷）
A
．
which B
．
that C
．
this D
．
it
2
、
Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we
would have lost our way.
（
04
北京春季）
A. it B. that C. this D. which
A
当先行词为物时，关系代词可以用
that
也可用
which
，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中，只能用
which
，不能用
that
。
D
但在下列情况中，只能用
that
，不用
which
：
①
当先行词是
all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing
等词时
。如：
All
that can be done
has been done.
In this factory I saw
little / much
that was different from ours
.
②
当先行词被
all, any, no, much, little, few, every
等限定词所修饰时。
如：
We heard clearly
every word
that he said
.
③
当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时
。
如：
The
first thing
that should be done
is to get the tickets.
When people talk about Hangzhou,
the first
that comes to mind
is the West Lake.
④
当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时
，
如：
Is that
the best
that you can do
?
That
’
s
the most
expensive
hotel
that we
’
ve ever stayed in
.
This novel is
the second best one
that I have ever read.
⑤
当先行词被
the very, the only, the next, the last
等所修饰时。
如：
This is the
very book
that I want to find
.
⑥
当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。
如：
The guests spoke highly of
the children and their performances
that they saw at the Children
’
s Palace
.
She described in her compositions
the people and places
that impressed her most
.
⑦
当主句是以
which
开头的特殊疑问句时。
如：
Which
is the
car
that killed the boy
?
问题
2
：
1) Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from
_______effects the people are still suffering.
（
05
天津卷）
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
2) George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political
novels and essays. (04
北京）
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
B
D
“whose +
名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如题
2
），又能作宾语（如题
1
）。
whose
的先行词常用来指人（如题
2
），但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念（如题
1
），这时可以与
of which
结构互换，词序是：“名词
+of which”
。题
1
可变为：
from the effects of which …
问题
3
：
1
、
_____ is often the case, we have worked out the production
plan.
（
04
江苏）
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
2
、
John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,
_______ was true.
（
01
北京春季）
A
．
he B
．
this C
．
which D
．
who
D
非限制性定语从句一般采用
which
或
as
来引导。使用这两个词时要注意三点： （
1
）
as
引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而
which
引导的从句只能放在主句之后。（
2
）从意义上讲，
which
指前面主句的内容；而
as
指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成
“就象
……
那样、正如所
……
的”
。 （
3
）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起
消极
作用，则用
which
，而不用
as
，
C
问题
4
：
What surprised me was not what he said but
he said it.
（
04
湖北）
A
．
the way B
．
in the way that
C
．
in the way D
．
the way which
A
该句的意思是“使我感到惊奇的不是他说了些什么，而是他表达的方法。”句中“
what he said”
和“
the way he said it”
是并列结构作表语。假如
the way
在从句中作状语，其中的关系词有三种不同的表达方式。
1) the way + that; 2) the way
后省略关系词
; 3) the way + in which
。根据句意可以排除
B
、
C
；答案
D which
前缺少介词
in
，所以答案为
A
。
2
、关系代词和关系副词的比较
问题
1
：
1
、
Do you still remember the chicken farm _____ we visited
three months ago?
（
05
北京春季）
A. where B. when C. that D. what
2
、
There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped
her hands.
（
04
全国
II
）
A.
where B
.
which C. when D. that
C
A
当先行词是表
时间
的
time, day
等和表地点的
place,
house
等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少
主语或宾语
，关系词应该用
which
或
that
,
缺少
时间状语或地点状语
时，才能用
when
或
where
。
题
1
中的
farm
作
visited
的宾语，故选
C
；题
2
中的
trousers
作
wiped
的地点状语，故选
A
。
使用关系副词应注意下列几点：
1
、关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的
介词
+ which
结构：
when = on (in, at, during
…
) + which;
where = in (at, on
…
) + which;
why = for which.
如：
I was in Beijing on
the day
when (= on which)
he arrived.
The office
where (= in which)
he works is on the third floor.
This is
the chief reason
why (= for which)
we did it.
2
、当先行词是表
时间
和表
地点
的
词
时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果
缺少主语或宾语
时，关系词应该用
which
或
that
,
缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用
when
或
where
，试比较：
I
’
ll never forget
the day
when my hometown was liberated
.
I
’
ll never forget
the days
which / that we spent together last summer
.
His father works in
a factory
where radio parts are made
.
His father works in
a factory
which / that makes radio parts.
3
、
when
和
where
既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而
why
只能引导限制性定语从句。
3
、介词加关系代词引导定语从句
问题
1
：
1
、
The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be
___ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (05
江苏卷
)
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
2
、
He was educated at a local grammar school, ____ he went
on to Cambridge.
（
05
山东卷）
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
C
C
题
1
中
the place
在定语从句中作
to be built
的地点状语，此处的
at which
相当于
where
;
后面是表语从句，表示建在某地。题
2
表示读完当地的语法学校后去剑桥深造，故选
C
。
介词加关系代词引导定语从句是近几年高考中
的热点，复习中需注意以下几个问题：
关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用
whom
指人，
which
指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：
Do you know
the boy
to whom
she was talking?
Do you know
the boy
(that)
she was talking to?
The pencil
(which / that)
he was writing with
suddenly broke.
2.
要确认关系代词前用什么介词，需根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系来确定。所以解题时需分析从句与主句之间的关系。
巩固练习：
American women usually identify their best friend as
someone _____ they can talk frequently.
（
04
上海）
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
2. The English play ______ my students acted at the New
Year’s party was a great success.
（
04
全国
I
）
A for which B at which C in which D on which
3. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ______ five
are mine.
（
04
全国
IV
）
A on which B in which C of which D from which
4. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine
months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.
（
04
广西）
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
A
D
C
C
4.
非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别
问题
1
：
There are two buildings,
stands nearly a hundred feet high.
（
04
湖北）
A
．
the larger B
．
the larger of them
C
．
the larger one that D
．
the larger of which
要区别是并列句还是非限制性定语从句，关键是看两个
句子之间是否有连词，若有表示并列关系的连词或分号破折
号，那就是并列句；如果两句之间没有这些连接符号，那就
是非限制性定语从句，此时就需考虑使用适当的关系代词或
关系副词了。
D
巩固练习：
The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,
80%
are sold abroad.
（
04
辽宁）
A
．
of which B
．
which of C
．
of them D
．
of that
2. I have many friends,
some are businessmen.
（
05
全国卷
1
）
A
．
of them B
．
from which C
．
who of D
．
of whom
A
D
题
2
也可以改为：
some of whom are businessmen.
如果在之
前加上连词
and
，就只能用
some of them
，而且不能倒装。
5
、注意
the same … as / such … as
的使用问题
当先行词被
the same
所修饰时，关系词既可以用
as
，
也可以用
that
。
在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用
as
，
表示同一事物多用
that
。
如：
This is
the same instrument
that I used yesterday
.
这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。
This is
the same instrument
as I used yesterday
.
这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。
在
抽象概念
上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：
I have
the same opinion
as / that you have
.
这里要注意的是：
(1)
使用
as
时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用
that
时，定语从句中的动词不可省略。如：
Women received
the same pay
as men
.
Women received
the same pay
that men received
.
(2)
在
“
the same
…
that
”
结构中，
that
只是用来加强语气，强调
“
相同
”
。
that
可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的
same
也可以省去。如：
This is
the same instrument
that I used yesterday
.
= This is
the same instrument
I used yesterday
.
= This is
the instrument
I used yesterday
.
但在
“
the same
…
as
”
结构中，
same
和
as
都不能省略。
(3)
当
“
the same
…
that
”
结构中的
that
作为关系副词用时，不可以直接与
as
互换。如：
He lives in
the same building
that I live
.
= He lives in
the same building
as / that I live in
.
Shall we meet at
the same place
that we last
met
?
= Shall we meet at
the same place
that / as we last
met at
?
(4)
当先行词前有
such, so, as
时，关系词应当用
as
。如：
A wise man seldom talks about
such things
as he doesn
’
t understand
.
He spoke in
such easy English
as everybody could understand.
At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry
as many passengers
as they can
.
It is
so easy a book
as every schoolboy can read
.
Let
’
s discuss
such things
as we can talk of freely
.
另需注意：
This book is written in
such easy English
as beginners can understand
.
（定语从句）
This book is written in
such
easy English
that beginners can understand it
.
（结果状语从句）
Good-bye!
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