新课标2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业143-4Astronomythescienceofthestars 人教版必修3 9页

课时作业14 3-4 Astronomy the science of the stars Ⅰ.阅读下列各句，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式。‎ ‎1．Over the past five years Tom ________ (go) through a lot of hardships.‎ ‎2．Take your bank card with you when on a business trip, ________ can save you a lot of troubles.‎ ‎3．Now that I have finished buying, Tom, ________ his turn，should cook.‎ ‎4．Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more violent. Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use ________ (violent) whatever happens.‎ ‎5．Sarah made it to the airport just ________ time to catch her plane this morning.‎ ‎6．Reading in the sun is ________ (harm) to your eyes.‎ ‎7．The education reform is being carried out in China.It's certain that a completely new situation will arise when the new examination system comes into ________ (exist)．‎ ‎8．They give birth ________ their young and feed them with their milk.‎ ‎9．Tom got up late, thus ________ (miss) the early bus.‎ ‎10．When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many children ________ being happy, there seem to be three causes.‎ ‎11．I don't think your lecture got across to the audience, for they appeared quite ________ (puzzle)．‎ ‎12．The tree in the neighbor's garden blocks ________ a lot of our light.‎ ‎13．Cheer ________， and you can pass the exam.‎ ‎14．The fire broke ________ at midnight.‎ ‎15．This garden is three times ________ big as that one.‎ ‎16．Now ________ we've discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions taken?‎ ‎17．Watch out ________ that man who wears dark glasses.‎ ‎18．The girl's being educated ________ a simple living atmosphere was what her parents wished for.‎ 9‎ ‎19．The fireworks exploded ________ all directions.‎ ‎20．Do you know ________ this disabled man succeeded in running such a big company?‎ 答案 ‎1．has gone　2.which　3.in　4.violence　5.in ‎6．harmful　7.existence　8.to　9.missing　10.from ‎11．puzzled　12.out　13.up　14.out　15.as　16.that ‎17．for　18.in　19.in　20.how Ⅱ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019年内蒙古赤峰二中高三月考)‎ Bangkok‎ Transportation Public buses The Bangkok Mass Transit Authority (BMTA)is charged with providing bus service to people living and working in Bangkok and the nearby provinces. As of February，2005, the BMTA operated a total of 113 routes, served by 3，526 buses, of which 1，665 were regular buses and 1，861 airconditioned buses. There were also privatelyowned buses operated under the BMTA with a total of 3，535 regular and airconditioned buses and 1，067 minibuses including 2，325 small buses which provide services in lanes. An average of 3.4 million people use these services daily.‎ Types of Buses and Fares Type Bus color Fare Service time Regular bus Creamred ‎7 baht ‎05：00—23：00‎ Regular bus Whiteblue ‎8 baht ‎05：00—23：00‎ Expressway bus Creamred ‎9 baht ‎05：00—23：00‎ Allsight service bus Creamred ‎8.5 baht ‎23：00—05：00‎ 9‎ Air conditioned bus Creamblue ‎11、13、15、17、19 baht(depending ‎ on the ‎ distance )‎ ‎05：00—23：00‎ Fare Exemptions The following passengers are eligible for bus fare exemptions：‎ ‎1．BMTA bus inspectors ‎2．Mailmen in uniform while on duty ‎3．Holders of BMTA employee ID cards HalfPrice Concessions The following passengers are eligible for halfprice fares when using the service of regular buses.‎ ‎1．The blind with a certificate from the Association of the Blind ‎2．Soldiers and policemen in uniform ‎3．Holders of official certificates or medals as specified by the Regulation on Bus Fare Fare Concessions for Airconditioned Buses Holders of the following official certificates and medals are eligible for airconditioned bus fare reductions.‎ ‎1．Victory Medal(Offspring of this medal are also entitled)‎ ‎2．Border Service Medal ‎3．FreeMall Protection Medal ‎4．European Royal War Medal ‎5．Nonactive War Veterans Classes 1 2 3 and 4‎ ‎6．BTMA Employee ID cards Search for bus route here ‎@Bangkok Tourism Division 9‎ ‎1．Which of the following is true of the Bangkok Transportation?‎ A．Buses in Bangkok are of the same size.‎ B．At least 3.4 million people take a bus every day.‎ C．Buses operated under the BMTA are owned by individuals.‎ D．BMTA provides city buses and interprovincial bus service.‎ ‎2．Who needn't pay fares on a regular bus?‎ A．A grandson of a Victory Medal holder.‎ B．A postman，together with his family.‎ C．A blind person with a medical certificate.‎ D．A BMTA inspector with his employee card.‎ ‎3．How much should a soldier in uniform pay when he takes a whiteblue bus?‎ A．5.50 baht. B．4 baht.‎ C．7 baht. D．8 baht.‎ 答案与解析 本文是应用文，是一则布告，主要介绍了泰国首都曼谷的公交车公司BMTA所提供服务信息，涉及车型、票价等具体信息。‎ ‎1．D　细节理解题。根据第一句“The Bangkok Mass Transit Authority (BMTA)is charged with providing bus service to people living and working in Bangkok and the nearby provinces.”可知BMTA为生活在曼谷的人以及附近省份的人通过公交车服务。故D项正确。‎ ‎2．D　细节理解题。根据“Fare Exemptions部分The following passengers are eligible for bus fare exemptions：1.BMTA bus inspectors... 3.Holders of BMTA employee ID cards”可知BMTA bus inspectors和持有BMTA employee ID cards的员工都可以免费乘车。故D项正确。‎ ‎3．B　数据计算题。根据HalfPrice Concessions部分2.Soldiers and policemen in uniform可知士兵和穿制服的警察乘车半价；根据表格中Whiteblue的车票是8baht，半价应该是4baht。故B项正确。‎ B For grown ups, an afternoon snooze(打盹) is often easier said than done. But many of us have probably experienced just how simple it can be to catch some sleep in a gently rocking hammock(吊床). By examining brain waves in sleeping adults, ‎ 9‎ researchers reported in the June 21 issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, that they now have evidence to explain why that is.‎ ‎“It is a common belief that rocking causes sleep: we fall asleep in a rocking chair soon and, since ancient times, we cradle our babies to sleep，” said Sophie Schwartz of the University of Geneva. “Yet, how this works had remained a mystery. The goal of our study was made up of two parts: to test whether rocking does indeed improve sleep, and to understand how this might work at the brain level.”‎ Schwartz, Michel Muhlethaler, and their colleagues Laurence Bayer and Irina Constantinescu asked twelve adult volunteers to nap on a custom made bed or “experimental hammock” that could either remain still or rock gently. All participants were good sleepers who didn't typically nap and did not suffer from excessive sleepiness during the day. Each participant took two 45 minute afternoon naps, one with the bed still and one with the bed in motion, while their brain activities were monitored.‎ ‎“We observed a faster transition to sleep in each and every subject in the swinging condition，” Muhlethaler said. “Surprisingly, we also observed a dramatic boosting of certain types of sleep related brain waves.”‎ More specifically, rocking increased the length of stage N2 sleep, a form of non rapid eye movement sleep that normally occupies about half of a good night's sleep. The rocking bed also had a lasting effect on brain activity, increasing slow brain waves and bursts of activity known as sleep spindles(纺锤体)．‎ Schwartz and Muhlethaler say the next step is to find out whether rocking can improve longer periods of sleep and to find out whether it may be useful for the treatment of sleep disorders, such as insomnia(失眠)．‎ ‎4．What does the June 21 issue of Current Biology tell us according to Paragraph 1?‎ A．It is more difficult for grown ups to fall asleep.‎ B．People today like to sleep in a rocking hammock.‎ C．Many people nowadays suffer from excessive sleepiness.‎ D．There comes the evidence to explain why rocking benefits people's sleep.‎ 9‎ ‎5．What can we learn from Sophie Schwartz's words?‎ A．His team aimed to answer two questions.‎ B．The study is going to benefit babies a lot.‎ C．The study had been kept secret before finished.‎ D．People used to believe rocking was bad for sleep.‎ ‎6．What finding was beyond the researchers' expectation?‎ A．The rocking seemed to improve participants' sleep quality.‎ B．All the participants fell asleep faster in the swinging condition.‎ C．Some participants couldn't fall asleep in the swinging condition.‎ D．Participants had a tendency to sleep excessively in the swinging bed.‎ ‎7．What do Schwartz and Muhlethaler expect to figure out in the next research?‎ A．Whether swing can cause insomnia.‎ B．Whether swing can extend sleep time.‎ C．Whether swing can change brain waves.‎ D．Whether swing can benefit memory consolidation.‎ ‎8．A suitable title for this passage would probably be ________.‎ A．Take a snooze. Easier said than done B．Want a faster sleep? Change your sleeping habits C．Need a nap? Find yourself a hammock D．Suffer from sleep disorder? New treatment found 答案与解析 本文通过研究成年人在睡觉时大脑波纹，发现了成年人在轻轻摇晃的状态下更容易入睡。‎ ‎4．D　细节理解题。在第一段告诉我们这样一个现象，成年人在轻轻摇晃状态下容易入睡。故选D。‎ ‎5．A　推理判断题。第二段，从远古时代人们在轻摇状态下容易入睡，但什么原因促使睡眠一直都是未解之谜，所以从他的话中推断这一研究旨在解开谜底。故选A。‎ ‎6．A　细节理解题。第四段We observed a faster transition to sleep in each and every subject in the swinging condition和Surprisingly, we also observed a dramatic boosting of certain types of sleep related brain waves.推断在实验过程中意外发现了轻摇可以改善睡眠质量。故选A。‎ 9‎ ‎7．B　细节理解题。最后一段Schwartz and Muhlethaler say the next step is to find out whether rocking can improve longer periods of sleep可知下一步将研究摇晃是不是可以延长睡眠时间，故选B。‎ ‎8．C　主旨大意题。文章主要是讲述了通过研究发现成年人在轻摇状态下更容易入睡，并就此展开讨论，故C项是对文章内容的概括，故选C。‎ C I went online to check if my pay was in my bank account. To my amazement, I discovered that not only had I been paid, a company I'd never worked for had also paid me! I knew I'd have been beside_myself if my own salary was not in my account, so I tried to get the money back to the right person. It is easier said than done.‎ The bank couldn't help as it wasn't a bank problem. The humanresource department as the company that paid me was unable to help as I didn't have enough details. I rang the bank again. Thankfully I had sympathetic call operator who gave me a name, so I again rang the company “Daniel” worked for.‎ I expected the bank would contact me to arrange to take the money from my account and repay Daniel. I heard nothing for a month and the money remained in my account when Daniel called, explaining he'd tried to get back his money but had been unsuccessful as neither the bank nor his company felt it was their error. He had rung to ask if I could speak to the bank, but after chatting for a few minutes we realized we could probably fix this problem ourselves.‎ We decided I would take the money from my account and he would pick it up from me. Due to my busy job I was unable to meet Daniel personally but he left me a lovely bottle of wine in exchange for what was rightfully his. I never had any intention of keeping Daniel's pay, but red tape(繁琐手续)made it difficult to do the right thing. It all came down to two people being able to do what a huge bank and a large company couldn't do — admit a mistake has occurred and fix it.‎ ‎9．The underlined phrase “beside myself” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________．‎ A．very fortunate B．very angry C．really thankful D．at ease 9‎ ‎10．What was the attitude of the author towards the extra money in his bank account?‎ A．He didn't know what to do with it.‎ B．He felt lucky to get it.‎ C．He thought of keeping it for himself.‎ D．He wanted to return it to the right place.‎ ‎11．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．Daniel had been repaid when he called the author.‎ B．The author was to blame as he didn't have enough details.‎ C．Neither the bank nor the company admitted their fault.‎ D．Daniel had the same name as the author's.‎ ‎12．How was the problem solved in the end?‎ A．The author and Daniel solved the problem themselves.‎ B．It cost Daniel a lovely bottle of wine to get back his money.‎ C．The author gave the money back to the company.‎ D. The call operator offered to solve their problem.‎ 答案与解析 本文是一篇记叙文，作者上网查询银行账户是否收到了工资，让作者感到吃惊的是他不仅收到了工资，他的账户中还多出了一笔钱。作者打算把钱还给它真正的主人，但说起来容易做起来难。银行和公司都以不是他们的错误为由而拒绝解决这件事情。‎ ‎9．B　猜测词义题。根据横线句后“...if my own salary was not in my account”可知，这里假设的是如果没有收到钱，收不到钱的话，作者不可能会感到幸运、感激或放心，排除A、C、D，beside oneself极度兴奋，感情失去控制，这里的意思是“生气”，故选B项。‎ ‎10．D　态度意图题。根据第一段最后两句“I knew I'd have been beside_myself if my own salary was not in my account, so I tried to get the money back to the right person.”可知，作者打算把账户里多出来的钱还给它真正的主人，故选D项。‎ ‎11．C　细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“The bank couldn't help as it wasn't a bank problem. The humanresource department as the company that paid me was unable to help as I didn't have enough details.”可知银行和公司都不愿意承认是它们的错误。故C项正确。‎ 9‎ ‎12．A　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“He had rung to ask if I could speak to the bank, but after chatting for a few minutes we realized we could probably fix this problem ourselves”和第四段可知，作者和Daniel两个人私下把事情解决了，故选A项。‎ 9‎