2021版高考英语大一轮复习核心素养测评：十四Modul外研版必修3 10页

核心素养测评十四 Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A ‎(2020·内江模拟)‎ One thing you do not expect an oil minister to do is to block the development of his own country’s oil fields. But that is exactly what Alberto Acosta did when he was appointed Ecuador’s Oil Minister. ‎ For a relatively poor country whose main income is from oil exports, this idea seemed like madness. Ecuador is not rich by economic (经济)standards, but in terms of the diversity of plant and animal life, it is one of the richest places on Earth. For this, scientists studied trees in the Yasuni National Park in Ecuador’s undamaged rain forest, and they found over 650 different species (物种)of tree in just one acre—more than the total number in all of the US and Canada combined. Mr Acosta said he would rather the oil companies did not destroy these natural riches. His idea is to leave the oil reserves beneath Yasuni Park untouched, in return for compensation of half their value, which will be done by the international society. The oil is worth more than $7 billion. ‎ Ecuador is not the only country trying to get richer nations to pay for not exploiting (开发)their forests. Both Nigeria and Guatemala are hoping they will be able to make similar deals. A spokesperson for local environmental groups explained, “This is fantastic though the plan has met with problems, both from within Ecuador and from outside. If only people in developed countries appreciated that these forests absorb a lot of the CO2 that their industries produce. I just wish they would take a longer-term view of this problem. Protecting biodiversity and preventing climate change means temporary loss, otherwise, we will all be losers—with consequences I’d rather not even think about. ”‎ ‎【文章大意】厄瓜多尔为了保护自然, 石油部长Mr Acosta阻止开采这个国家公园下面的石油。这篇文章旨在告诉我们发展中国家不要为了一时的利益而破坏大自然。‎ ‎1. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to? ‎ 10‎ A. His total number of tree species. ‎ B. Ecuador’s oil storage quantity. ‎ C. Ecuador’s diversity in wildlife. ‎ D. His undamaged rain forest. ‎ ‎【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据语境可知, this指代前面一句中的in terms of the diversity of plant and animal life, it is one of the richest places on Earth。由此可知, this指的是“厄瓜多尔这个国家的野生动植物种类多”。故选C。‎ ‎2. What was Mr Acosta’s real aim to prevent some oil fields being developed? ‎ A. Importing more oil. ‎ B. Protecting the environment. ‎ C. Building more natural parks. ‎ D. Compensate the Yasuni Park. ‎ ‎【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知, 在厄瓜多尔的Yasuni国家公园里一英亩就有650多种不同的树种, 所以Mr Acosta阻止开采这个国家公园下面的石油的真正目的是保护环境。故选B。‎ ‎3. What does the spokesperson indicate in the last paragraph? ‎ A. Destroying nature means punishing ourselves. ‎ B. Natural forests can stop climate change totally. ‎ C. Developed countries will become losers. ‎ D. It’s impossible to carry out Acosta’s plan. ‎ ‎【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段这位发言人的话可知, 他反对砍伐森林, 保护生态多样性虽然意味着有暂时的损失, 否则我们会成为真正的输家。故选A。‎ ‎【知识拓展】背景链接 厄瓜多尔, 全称厄瓜多尔共和国(The Republic of Ecuador), 南美洲国家联盟的成员国之一, 位于南美洲西北部的国家, 北与哥伦比亚相邻, 南接秘鲁, 西滨太平洋。面积256370平方千米, 赤道横贯国境北部, 厄瓜多尔就是西班牙语“赤道”的意思。矿物以石油为主, 森林面积约占全国面积的68%。‎ B Moscow city authorities have begun using comics with characters from Russian fairytales to explain to migrants how they should behave. They say a 100-page guide ‎ 10‎ is needed to “maintain a positive image” of the city and could help reduce “tensions” between natives and migrants. But some people have pointed out that foreign immigrants and natives may be viewed as opponents in the manual (手册). They think immigrants and natives should live together in harmony. ‎ Russians and immigrants have repeatedly clashed in Moscow recently. Many immigrants from ex-Soviet republics in Central Asia, the Caucasus and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital’s job opportunities and relatively high salaries. A significant number of them work in the Russian capital illegally. ‎ The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the “dos” and “don’ts” to immigrants. They are urged not to cause trouble, by staring at women, or eating or talking loudly on the streets. They are also warned that the police may routinely stop them to check their documents. ‎ In the manual, Russia’s famous “Three warriors” are meant to represent the city’s law enforcement agencies, while Prince Yuri Dolgoruky (a historical character) is used for tours around Moscow. Meanwhile, Vasilisa the Wise and The Snow Maiden test the reader on Russia’s language and history. A special section of the book explains the importance of following Moscow’s strict residency and employment rules, stressing that immigrants could otherwise be deported (驱逐出境) or banned from entry. ‎ ‎“The old conflict between Russian heroes and non-Slavic invaders appears again, ” Yevgeny Varshaver, a migration expert told BBC Russian. He also suggested that the language used in the book would be “difficult” to understand for some immigrants who were not native Russian speakers. ‎ ‎【文章大意】莫斯科出台了用带有俄国神话人物的连环画向移民解释应该怎样举止。‎ ‎4. What can we learn about the manual? ‎ A. It may not make immigrants and natives live in harmony. ‎ B. It is full of funny stories from fairy tales. ‎ C. It aims to protect the rights of locals and immigrants. ‎ D. It sets strict and cruel rules to immigrants. ‎ 10‎ ‎【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段可知, 莫斯科当局是用带有俄国神话人物的连环画向移民解释应该怎样举止。但是一些人指出这个手册把本国人和移民看做是对立的, 所以这个手册不会使他们和谐相处。故选A。‎ ‎5. People from other countries come to Moscow 　　　　.  ‎ A. to enjoy the fine climate B. to have a new lifestyle C. to find occupations with good income D. to experience a new culture ‎【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的Many immigrants. . . arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital’s job opportunities and relatively high salaries. 可知, 其他国家的人来到莫斯科是为了在莫斯科找到工作, 并且有相对高的工资。故选C。‎ ‎6. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? ‎ A. The book will make it easy for foreign immigrants to read. ‎ B. Foreign immigrants may find the manual interesting to read. ‎ C. The Russian language is hard for foreign immigrants to learn. ‎ D. Foreign immigrants may have difficulty reading the manual. ‎ ‎【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的He also suggested that the language used in the book would be “difficult” to understand for some immigrants who were not native Russian speakers. 可知, 这本手册对于一些移民来说是很难理解的。故选D。‎ ‎7. Which of the following would be the best title of the text? ‎ A. Ways to help foreign immigrants to settle in Russia. ‎ B. More and more foreign immigrants work in Moscow. ‎ C. Moscow fairy tale comics to help immigrants behave. ‎ D. Characters from Russian fairy tales attract public attention. ‎ ‎【解析】选C。主旨大意题。莫斯科出台了带有俄国神话人物的连环画向移民解释应该怎样举止。故选C。‎ ‎【知识拓展】长难句分析 A special section of the book explains the importance of following Moscow’s strict residency and employment rules, stressing that immigrants could otherwise be deported or banned from entry. ‎ 10‎ 分析: stressing that immigrants could otherwise be deported or banned from entry, 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。stressing后面的宾语从句用的是虚拟语气, 相当于省略了if虚拟条件句, 即if they didn’t follow Moscow’s strict residency and employment rules。‎ 翻译: 这本书专门有一部分解释了遵守莫斯科的严格的居住和工作制度, 同时强调否则他们就被驱逐出境或禁止入境。‎ Ⅱ. 完形填空 Denver, Colorado is one of the fastest growing cities in America. It also has one of the biggest populations of 　1　 young people. A Denver coffee shop is seeking to solve the problem. The Purple Door Coffee Shop employs and 　2　 homeless young people, giving them a second 　3　 to make a new start.  ‎ For many years, Kevin Persons lived on the 　4　. Today, he is working in a bar, serving coffee. He is also working to move off the streets and into a home.  ‎ He says it is a 　5　 to get a job even when you have a house nowadays; but when you don’t have a house trying to get a job it is much harder. What makes it a little 　6　 is the mission of the Purple Door Coffee shop. It does not just 　7　 a cup of coffee; it turns lives 　8　.  ‎ The owners of the two-year-old nonprofit 　9　 three to four young adults per year. Shelters such as Urban Peak, where Kevin was staying, 　10　 young people who are ready to commit to working.  ‎ Madison Chandler, co-founder of Purple Door, and her partner meet with their workers 　11　 each week. They talk about topics 　12　 from mental health, finance to customer service. They also 　13　 a life coach to make sure the workers have the 　14　 and skills that will 　15　 them up for success.  ‎ Kevin 　16　 that he is learning what he needs to 　17　 the struggles of homelessness and live a full life.  ‎ For Madison Chandler, providing these young adults with 　18　 and education and helping them become confident and 　19　 is worthwhile. The most 　20　 part of her job is helping them achieve a life for themselves that they have dreamed of.  ‎ 10‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要介绍美国丹佛的一家咖啡店帮助无家可归的年轻人的事情。‎ ‎1. A. homeless B. hopeless C. powerless D. useless ‎【解析】选A。homeless无家可归的; hopeless无望的; powerless没力的; useless无用的。根据下文的homeless young people可知。‎ ‎2. A. treats B. trains C. requires D. controls ‎【解析】选B。treat对待, 治疗; train培训; require需要, 要求; control控制。根据下文可知, 这家咖啡店雇用无家可归的年轻人, 提供给他们工作。工作前一定要进行培训。故选B。‎ ‎3. A. change B. charity C. chance D. compromise ‎【解析】选C。change改变; charity慈善; chance机会; compromise妥协。雇用无家可归的年轻人, 是给他们一次重新开始的机会。‎ ‎4. A. roof B. bridge C. bank D. street ‎【解析】选D。roof房顶; bridge桥; bank岸, 银行; street街道。根据这一段的He is also working to move off the streets and into a home. 可知, Kevin Persons住在大街上很多年了。‎ ‎5. A. dream B. goal C. privileg D. struggle ‎【解析】选D。dream梦想; goal目标; privilege特权; struggle挣扎, 奋斗, 困难。句意: 现在你有房子找工作都是难事, 但是你没有房子找工作更难。‎ ‎6. A. nicer B. larger C. easier D. stronger ‎【解析】选C。nice美好的; large大的; easy容易的; strong强壮的, 强大的。根据前面一句中的harder可知此处表示相反的意思, 故选C。‎ ‎7. A. share B. study C. solve D. serve ‎【解析】选D。share分享; study学习; solve解决; serve提供, (为……)服务, 任(职), 端上。这是一家咖啡店, 所以它提供咖啡。‎ ‎8. A. away B. around C. on D. in ‎【解析】选B。turn away打发走; turn around转身, 改变意见, 使变得完全不同; turn on打开电器等; turn in上交。句意: 它不仅提供一杯咖啡, 它还使生活完全不同。‎ ‎9. A. hire B. fire 10‎ C. exchange D. contact ‎【解析】选A。hire雇用; fire开火, 解雇; exchange交换; contact联系。根据上下文可知, 店主每年雇用三到四位年轻人。‎ ‎10. A. recommend B. suggest ‎ C. remind D. indicate ‎【解析】选A。recommend推荐, 建议; suggest建议, 暗示; remind提醒, 使想起; indicate暗示, 指示。句意: 像Kevin住的Urban Peak这样的收容中心推荐愿意工作的年轻人。‎ ‎11. A. particularly B. individually ‎ C. accidentally D. proudly ‎【解析】选B。particularly尤其; individually分别地, 各自地, 独特地; accidentally偶然地, 意外地; proudly骄傲地, 自豪地。句意: Madison Chandler, Purple Door的共同创立者, 和她的合伙人分别会见他们的员工。‎ ‎12. A. spreading B. ranging ‎ C. including D. extending ‎【解析】选B。spread from. . . to. . . 从……传播/蔓延到……; range from. . . to. . . (文章或讲话)涉及, 包括, (在一定幅度内)变化, 变动; include包括, 后面不需要from; extend from. . . to. . . 从……延伸到……。句意: 他们谈论从心理健康, 财政到顾客服务各种话题。‎ ‎13. A. advertise B. teach C. provide D. promote ‎【解析】选C。advertise宣传; teach教; provide提供; promote提升。句意: 他们给工人们请来人生导师来确保工人们得到使他们成功的支持和技能。‎ ‎14. A. supply B. imagination ‎ C. production D. support ‎【解析】选D。supply供应品; imagination想象; production生产; support支持。使工人们成功, 应该提供他们支持和技能。故选D。‎ ‎15. A. set B. pick C. lift D. give ‎【解析】选A。set sb. up资助某人; pick sb. up用车接某人; lift sb. up举起某人, 使某人心情好起来; give sb. up放弃某人。此处指帮助他们成功。‎ ‎16. A. admits B. regrets C. recognizes D. claims 10‎ ‎【解析】选C。admit承认; regret后悔; recognize, 辨认出, 认识到; claim声称。句意: Kevin意识到他现在正在学习他需要的东西来摆脱无家可归的困难的境地, 过上充实的生活。‎ ‎17. A. keep B. await C. leave D. recall ‎【解析】选C。keep保持; await等候; leave离开, 告别; recall回忆。根据上下文可知, Kevin在工作, 想摆脱那种无家可归的生活。‎ ‎18. A. employment B. development ‎ C. movement D. adjustment ‎【解析】选A。employment雇用; development发展; movement移动; adjustment调整。根据第一段的The Purple Door Coffee Shop employs可知。‎ ‎19. A. humorous B. independent ‎ C. determined D. stubborn ‎【解析】选B。humorous幽默的; independent独立的; determined坚定的; stubborn倔强的, 固执的。根据空前面的confident以及后面一句中的helping them achieve a life for themselves that they have dreamed of可知, 提供给年轻人工作和教育, 并帮助他们自信独立是值得的。‎ ‎20. A. encouraging B. astonishing ‎ C. amusing D. rewarding ‎【解析】选D。encouraging鼓舞人心的; astonishing令人吃惊的; amusing有趣的; rewarding值得的。根据前面一句中的worthwhile可知。worthwhile和rewarding都表示“值得的”。‎ ‎【知识拓展】佳词积累 ‎1. seek to do sth. 　 试图做某事 ‎2. mission n. 使命; 宗旨; 代表团 ‎3. nonprofit adj. 非营利的 ‎ ‎ n. 非营利组织等 ‎4. worthwhile adj. 值得的 ‎5. dream of 梦想 Ⅲ. 语法填空 ‎　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Most new people were born in developing countries. These countries 1. 　　　　‎ 10‎ ‎(find) in much of Africa, South America and some parts of Asia. In the developed countries of Europe and North America, the population is growing very 2. 　　　　(slow). This is 3. 　　　　 women in these countries have, on average, only one or two children. In the developing countries, many women have five 4. 　　　　 more children. In 1950, around one quarter of the world’s population lived in the developed countries. By 2050, these countries will be home to only around one ‎ ‎5. 　　　　(ten) of the world’s people.  ‎ In the developing countries, more than one billion people are still living below the poverty line. These people do not have enough food 6. 　　　　 (eat) and they live in poor housing. Children get little time at school and people suffer from many 7. 　　　　(kind) of diseases.  ‎ At the 8. 　　　　(begin) of the 21st century, the world’s population was around six billion people. The U. N. has said that the world’s population will level off (平稳下降) at 12. 5 billion by 9. 　　　　 year 2100. Other groups think the world’s population will continue to grow, 10. 　　　　(reach) 14 billion before it becomes stable (稳定的), or even falls.  ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要告诉我们现在发展中国家增添了很多人口, 并且有些人仍然生活贫困。‎ ‎1. 【解析】are found。此处指现在的现状, 所以用一般现在时。句意是: 这些国家被发现是在非洲、南美和亚洲的部分地区。主语These countries和find之间是被动关系, 所以用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎2. 【解析】slowly。副词修饰谓语is growing。‎ ‎3. 【解析】because。前面一句提到欧洲和北美的发达国家人口增长慢, 此处表示原因, 所以用because。‎ ‎4. 【解析】or。or在此处表示“或者”。‎ ‎5. 【解析】tenth。one tenth表示十分之一。‎ ‎【知识拓展】英语中分数的表达 分子是“一”时, 分母用序数词; 分子大于“一”时, 分母用序数词加s。其中, 四分之一、四分之二等可以用one quarter/fourth, two quarters/fourths表达; 二分之一可以用one/a half表达。‎ ‎6. 【解析】 to eat。此处动词不定式作定语。have sth. to do表示“有要做的事情”,‎ 10‎ ‎ 此处have enough food to eat表示“有足够吃的食物”。‎ ‎7. 【解析】kinds。根据空前面的many可知用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎8. 【解析】beginning。at the beginning of在……之初。‎ ‎9. 【解析】the。此处特指2100年, 所以用定冠词the。‎ ‎10. 【解析】reaching。现在分词表示自然的结果。‎ 10‎