2020届二轮复习情态动词和虚拟语气课件（63张） 63页

2020 届二轮复习 情态动词和虚拟语气 阅读下面短文 , 根据本部分语法内容 , 在空白处填入 1 个 适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Miss Fang 1. _____ not read for very long without getting a headache. Her mother told her that she 2.______ go to the Health Service and see a doctor.“You should see a doctor as soon as possible, ”she said. could should “You 3. __________ need glasses. ” When Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health Service. The appointment clerk said that the doctor 4. _____ see her at 3: 30. Miss Fang replied that she 5. ______ not be able to be there at 3: 30 because she had a class then. “The doctor might take you at about 3: 50, ”the appointment clerk suggested. might/may could would “6. _____ I put you down for 3: 50, or 7. ______ you rather come tomorrow? ” Miss Fang replied, “I think I 8. ____ make it at 3: 50. ” Miss Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher, “9. _________ I leave at 3: 45 today? I must have an eye examination. ”As expected, the teacher said, “Yes, of course you 10. ____. ” Shall would can May/Can can 考点 1 9 大情态动词的基本用法 1. can/could (1) 表示能力 (could 常用于过去的能力 ) The police still haven’t found the missing child, but they’re doing all they can . (2) 表示理论上的可能性 , “ 有时候可能会” ( 用在肯定句中 ) It can be quite windy there, especially in spring. (3) 表示请求和允许 , 口语中常用 could 代替 can(could 用来表示现在 , 用以委婉地提出请求等 , 但回答时必须用 can) Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station? (4) 表示推测“可能” ( 用于否定句、疑问句中 ) He can’t be our manager. He has gone to Beijing. 2. may/might (1) 表示请求、允许、许可 , might 比 may 的语气更委婉 — May I take the book out? —I’m afraid not. (2) 表示推测“可能” , 可能性比 can/could 小 —I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him? —Don’t worry. He might not come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were. 3. must (1) 表示“必须 ; 应该” —Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? —I am afraid you must , in case he comes late for the meeting. (2) 表示“偏要 , 硬要”做某事 If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over. (3) 表示推测 , “ 一定” —Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning. You must be Mrs Peter. 4. shall (1) 用于第一、三人称的疑问句中 , 表示征求对方的意见 Shall we go to the theatre by bus? (2) 用于第二、三人称的陈述句 , 表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁 ; 此外 , 表示法律、条文中规定必须 …… 时也用 shall —Will you read me a story, Mummy? —OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. 5. should (1) 表示劝告和建议 , 作“应该”讲 You should learn from each other. (2) 表示惊讶、意外等情绪 , 意为“竟然” It is surprising that you should not know it. (3) 用在 if 条件句中 , 表示可能性很小 , 但也不是完全不可能 If you should fail to come, ask Mr Smith to work in your place. 6. will/would (1) 用于表示意志或意愿 —Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night? —I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night. (2) 表示“请求 ; 建议”。用 would 比 will 委婉、客气些 Will/Would you please keep the door open? (3) 表示习惯 , will 可以表示现在的习惯 , 意为“总是 ; 习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用 would He would get up early when he lived in the country. (4) 表示事物的某种性质和倾向 , 或按规律“注定会” Fish will die without water. 7. need 表示“需要 ; 必要” , 用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中 I needn’t worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes. 8. dare 表示“敢 ; 敢于” , 主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中 , 一般不用于肯定句。 I dare say 是习惯说法 , 意为“我想 , 大概” I daren’t catch the mouse. 9. ought to 表示义务 , 意为“应当” , 语气比 should 强 , 表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推测 , 意为“应是 , 应该” You ought not to be late for such an important meeting. 【 点津 】 易混词 ( 组 ) 用法比较 情态动词 主要用法 can(could)/be able to can/could can 只有现在式和过去式 (could), 表示一般能力 be able to 有更多的时态形式 , was/were able to 表示通过努力、克服困难成功做到了某事 情态动词 主要用法 would/ used to would 表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作 , 没有与现在对比的含义 used to 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态 , 强调今昔对比 ( 意味着 “ 现在不再 …… 了 ” ) 考点 2 情态动词的推测用法 1. can/could 表示可能性主要用于否定句和疑问句 He can’t have enough money for a new car. 2. may/might 表推测时主要用于肯定句或否定句中 , might 的可能性比 may 更小 He may be at home. 他可能在家。 3. must 表示有把握的推测 , 意为“想必、准是、一定”等 , 只用于肯定句中 He must be ill. He looks so pale. 4. should 表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性 , 意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等 ( 肯定的语气没有 must 表推测时强 ) —I’ll come for the books he sent me tomorrow morning. OK? —OK. They should be here by that time. 5. ought to 表推测 , 暗含很大的可能 , 语气较强 If he started out at nine, he ought to be here by now. 考点 3 “ 情态动词 +have done” 的用法 1. 对过去的推测 (1)must have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测 , 意为“想必 / 准是 / 一定做了某事” , 常用于肯定句。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. (2)can/could have done 表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定 , 常用于否定句和疑问句。 I saw Mr Wang just now. He couldn’t have gone to Beijing. (3)may/might have done 表示对过去已发生行为的推测 , 意为“也许 / 或许已经 ……”, 常用于肯定句和否定句。 I’m not sure. He might have said so at the conference. 2. 表示责备、后悔或遗憾 (1)could have done 表示过去没有实现的可能性 , 意为“本来可以 ……”, 通常用于肯定句。 You could have done better, but you were too careless. (2)might have done 表示本来应该或可以做某事 , 含有轻微的责备语气 , 用于肯定句。 You might have given him more help though you were busy. (3)should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时 , 表示“本该做某事 , 而实际上未做” ; 用于否定句时 , 则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。 You should have come to the meeting earlier. (4)needn’t have done 表示做了本来不必做的事。 You needn’t have waken me up. I don’t have to go to work today. 【 题组训练 】 用适当的情态动词填空 We can’t imagine that two children ______ be killed by the washing machine of their house. 2. —Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li? —No, it ______ be him. Mr Li is much taller. should can’t 3. It is required by the rules that students _____ get grades not lower than 80 in any subject in order to win the scholarship. shall 考点 4 状语从句中虚拟语气的用法 1. 非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法 if 条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示现在 情况 动词过去式 (be 的过去式用 were) should/would/could/might+ 动词原形 If I had time, I would go there. if 条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示过去 情况 had+ 过去分词 should/would/could/might+have+ 过去分词 If you had come earlier, you couldn’t/ wouldn’t have missed the bus. if 条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示将来 情况 should+ 动词原形 should/would/could/might+ 动词原形 动词过去式 were to+ 动词原形 If it should rain/ rained/were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. 2. 目的状语从句中虚拟语气的用法 for fear that/in case+ 从句 : 从句谓语用 should+ 动词原形 , 意为“以防 , 万一”。 We got up early for fear that we should miss the early bus. 3. 方式状语从句中虚拟语气的用法 as if/as though+ 从句 : (1) 与现在事实相反 , 从句用一般过去时 ; (2) 与过去事实相反 , 从句用过去完成时 ; (3) 与将来事实相反 , 从句谓语用 would/could/might+ 动词原形。 She speaks English as if/as though she were a native of New York. 【 点津 】 as if/as though 连接的从句表示很有可能的事实时 , 不需用虚拟语气。 4. 一些特殊结构的虚拟语气 (1) 在条件句中的省略 : 如果虚拟条件句中含有 were, should, had 三个词 , 可将 if 省略 , 把这三个词前置于主语之前 , 形成部分倒装。 Were I in your position, I would do the same. (2) 错综时间虚拟句 : 当条件状语从句所表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时 , 这种虚拟条件句称为错综时间虚拟句。动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。 If you had taken the doctor’s advice, you would be better now. (3) 含蓄虚拟条件句 : 有时假设的情况并不以条件句表示出来 , 而是暗含在上下文中 , 如通过介词 ( 短语 )with, without, but for 等来表示。 We would have put John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. 考点 5 其他从句中虚拟语气的用法 1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/ strange/natural/essential/a pity+that 从句 , 从句中的谓语动词用“ (should+) 动词原形”。 It’s strange that she(should)make so much trouble. 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 (1) 表示“建议 , 命令 , 要求”等意义时 , 宾语从句用“ (should+) 动词原形”。①坚持 : 动词 insist; ② 命令 : order, command; ③ 建议 : 动词 advise, suggest, propose, recommend; ④ 要求 : 动词 request, require, demand, ask 。 Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. 【 点津 】 ①suggest 意为“表明 , 暗示”时 , 宾语从句不用虚拟语气 ; ②insist 意为“坚持说”时 , 宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 (2)I wish(that)+ 宾语从句 ( 虚拟语气 ) 。 ①表示愿望与“现在事实相反” , 从句用一般过去时 ; ② 表示愿望与“过去事实相反” , 从句用过去完成时 ; ③ 表示将来愿望实现的可能性很小 , 从句常用 could/would + 动词原形。 (3)would rather/prefer+ that 从句 ( 从句用虚拟语气 ) ① 表示愿望与“现在事实或将来事实相反” , 从句用一般过去时。 ②表示愿望与“过去事实相反” , 从句用过去完成时。 3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 (1) 在 suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“ (should+) 动词原形”。 He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained. (2)as if, as though 引导的表语从句常用虚拟语气 , 与现在事实相反用一般过去时 ; 与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 4. 定语从句中的虚拟语气 It’s(about/high/very)time+that 从句 ( 从句用虚拟语气 , 谓语动词用一般过去时或 should+ 动词原形 , should 不能省略 ), 意为“某人该做某事了”。 It’s time that we should go/went home. 【 题组训练 】 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. —Your aunt invites you to go to the movies today. —I would rather she ____(tell)me tomorrow than today. 世纪金榜导学号 97862318 2. It was Amy who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ________(do)it? told had done 3. It’s so cold today. If it should get warmer this afternoon, I ___________(wash)my car. 4. The experts recommend that a child’s first eye exam __________(be)at the age of six months old. would wash (should)be 【 考题再现 】 My teacher suggested that we ___________(read) more if we want to improve our English, so every day I would do some English reading. 2. The only thing that I _____ do was that I wished her a long life. (should) read could 情态动词虚拟语气与语法填空 3. (2017· 邯郸模拟 )It is high time that the whole society _______________(take)action to offer them more care and help. should take/took 【 技法点拨 】 1. 若句中谓语动词为原形 , 在其前设纯空格题时 , 注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词。 2. 一旦判断所给动词在句中作为谓语后 , 就考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。注意虚拟语气中的时态 , 除了 if 虚拟条件句 , 还应注意虚拟语气的标志词。例如 : suggest, would rather, as if, wish, otherwise, or, but for 等。 情态动词虚拟语气与短文改错 【 考题再现 】 (2014· 全国卷 )So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests. ____________ 世纪金榜导学号 97862319 should 后加 be 2. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last. _________________ 3. (2016· 全国卷 Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. ______________________ must→could/might can→should 或者去掉 can 4. (2015· 四川高考 )If you are me, would you talk to him? _________ are→were 【 技法点拨 】 做此类改错题时 , 需要注意以下两个方面 : 1. 看句中情态动词是否运用正确 ; 2. 看是否考查虚拟语气 ; 若是考查虚拟语气 , 注意分清主句与分句中的时态关系以及不同句式中的虚拟语气构成形式。