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Unit 4 Cyberspace
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．concept n． 概念
2．chart n. 表格，图表
3．gallery n. 画廊
4．artificial adj. 人造的
5．virus n. 病毒
6．crime n. 犯罪；罪行
7．terrorist n. 恐怖分子
8．nuclear adj. 原子能的
9．network n. 网络
10．title n. 标题；题目
11．flesh n. 肉；肉体
12．exit vt. 出；离开
13．dip vt. 浸
14．millionaire n. 百万富翁
15．tourism n. 观光，游览
16．smoker n. 吸烟者
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．likely adj. 有可能的
adv. (与most, very连用)可能
2．focus vi. 集中注意
3．average adj. 平均的
n. 平均数
4．climate n. 气候
5．flood n. 洪水，水灾
vt.& vi. 淹没
6．affect vt. 影响
7．rapidly adv. 快，迅速地
8．growth n. 增长；生长
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9．crash vt. (汽车、飞机等)撞毁；坠毁
10．project n. 课题；方案；工程
11．fancy vt. (非正式)想要做；幻想
12．reject vt. 拒绝，不接受
13．destination n. 目的地
14．pack vt. 收拾(行李)，打包
15．guide n. 指南；导游，向导
16．view n. 景色，风景
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1. reality n. 真实，现实→real adj. 真的→really adv. 真实地；实际上
2．attack n. & vt. 攻击，进攻→attacker n. 攻击者
3．optimistic adj. 乐观的→optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义→optimist n. 乐观的人；乐天派
4．entertainment n. 娱乐；款待→entertain vt. 使娱乐；款待
5．disappear vi. 消失→disappearance n. 消失→appear vi. 出现(反义词)→appearance n. 出现；外貌
6．harm vt. & n. 伤害，损害→harmful adj. 有伤害的→harmless adj. 无害的
7．obvious adj. 明显的，显而易见的→obviously adv. 明显地
8．scientific adj. 科学的→science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家
9．suggestion n. 建议，提议→suggest vt. 建议，提议
10．arrangement n. 安排→arrange vt. 安排
11．settle vi. 定居→settlement n. 定居地→settler n. 移民者
12．regular adj. 定期的；规则的→regularly adv. 定期地；规则地→regulation n. 章程，规章制度
13．attractive adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的→attraction n. 吸引力；具有吸引力的事物或人→attract vt. 吸引
14. officially adv. 正式地→official adj. 官方的；正式的
1.盘点含后缀“er”的名词
①beginner 初学者
②swimmer 游泳者
③traveller 旅游者
④farmer 农民
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⑤smoker 吸烟者
⑥player 演员；运动员
⑦keeper 看守人
2.由crime想到的
①theft n． 偷窃
②robbery n. 抢劫
③kidnap n. 绑架
④murder n. 谋杀
⑤corruption n. 贪污
⑥cheating n. 作弊
⑦domestic violence 家庭暴力
3.走进“旅游(行)”圈
①tourism 旅游业
②tourist 游客
③journey 长途旅行
④travel 旅行
⑤trip 短途旅行
⑥tour 观光旅行
⑦voyage (乘船)航行，航海
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．make__up 编造，构成
2．come__true (愿望、梦想等)实现
3．as__if 好像，仿佛
4．hang__on (电话用语)别挂断
5．get__in__touch 取得联系
6．be__up__to 做，从事于
7．in__the__flesh 本人亲身
8.__as__well__as 也，又
9.__be__known__as 被认为是
10.__in__the__future 将来
11.__take__action 采取行动
12.__what’s__more 而且
13.__take__over 接收，接管
14.__consist__of 由……组成
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15.__cut__off 切掉，切断
1.不能用于被动语态的高频短语
①consist of 由……构成
②run out 用完
③date back to/from 追溯到
④belong to 属于
⑤give out 用尽；精疲力竭
2.“be known＋prep.”短语小结
①be known for 因……而出名/闻名
②be known as 作为……而出名
③be known to 为……熟知
④be known by 被……所知
3.“as...as”短语集锦
①as well as 也，和，以及
②as far as 至于；远至
③as long as 只要
④as soon as 一……就……
⑤as much as 与……一样多
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：It＋be＋adj.＋that...句型，其中It作形式主语
...“it__is__clear__that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.” …… “很明显，我们将会看到网上购物的大幅度增长。”
句型2：as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句
Some experts see our future in virtual reality—the use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as__if you are in a real situation.
有些专家看到我们虚拟现实的未来——运用计算机产生的声音和视觉效果，使你感觉就好像生活在现实中一样。
句型3：have sth.done使某事被做，让别人做某事
Do you have__anything__planned for Saturday and Sunday？
你周六和周天有什么计划吗？
句型4：not only...but
We would not__only be able to travel around the world, but__also go to study in any world famous universities
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also...意为“不但……而且……”，用来连接两个对等的句子成分
we wanted to.
我们将不仅可以环游世界，还可以去任何我们想去的世界著名大学里学习。
句型5：动词＋it＋形容词＋to do sth.句型，其中it作形式宾语
But I still find__it__hard__to__imagine.
但我还是觉得难以想象。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·江苏卷) It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains.Mammals weighing sixty kilograms have an average(平均的) brain size of 200 cm3.
2．With his attention focused(集中) on what the teacher was saying, Tom didn’t know what was happening outside.
3．Studies show that people are more likely(可能的) to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Join a guided bike tour and view(观看) some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D．C.
5．Traffic problems have severely affected(影响) the economic development.
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements(settle)，leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
7．Children need discipline, but they need guidance(guide) even more.
8．These plays were a popular form of entertainment(entertain) in the 1920s and 1930s.
9．They have been looking for scientific(science) methods of farming since ten years ago.
10．(2018·江苏卷)If you want to disturb the car industry, you’d better have a few billion dollars: Momandpop carmakers are unlikely(likely) to beat the biggest car companies.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The woman pays a regular visit to her doctor. The doctor examines her body regularly. While she is waiting, she often repeats the regulations on the wall.(regular)
2．Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes.That is，it is harmful to our eyes
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to read in the sun. However，the sunlight is harmless to the crops.(harm)
3．It is obvious that the boy doesn’t like the singer. Obviously,__he is looking for another singer in the hall.(obvious)
4．What attracted him most was the attractive park. But he planned to visit another attraction in this area first.(attract)
5．The sufferers were all optimists and I was deeply affected by their optimism. And I began to learn to be optimistic，too.(optimistic)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
as if; be known as; come true; write down; make up; cut off; take action; consist of; get in touch with
Li Ming has 1.been__known__as a famous writer since his latest book 2.consisting__of several novels came out.It is not surprising that his dream 3.comes__true.During the past few years, he kept 4.writing__down his experiences with which he 5.made__up some interesting stories. While he was writing his books, he always 6.cut himself off from the outside world.Now he begins to 7.take__action to 8.get__in__touch__with his friends who he misses very much. It seems 9.as__if they had been out of touch for ages.
in one’s view; settle in; as well as; focus on; be up to; have problems with
After 10.settling__in Beijing, with the help of his friends, Chris bought a new house 11.as__well__as a portable computer. But one day his computer crashed and 12.in__his__view it was likely to have been attacked by a virus. Because he 13.had__problems__with how to deal with it, he had to ask his friends for suggestions. With their help, his computer began to work again, and then he could 14.focus__on the scientific research he 15.had__been__up__to．
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．很显然当时电影《长城》很受欢迎。
It__is__clear__that the film the Great Wall was very popular at that time.
2．厨房看上去好像重新漆过一样。
The kitchen looks as__if/though it has been repainted.
3．你平时都在哪儿剪头发？
Where do you normally have__your__hair__cut?
4．他不仅英语说得准确，还说得流利。
Not only does__he__speak__English__correctly，but also he speaks it fluently.
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5．我认识一些人，他们觉得戒烟几乎是不可能的。
I know people who find__it__nearly__impossible__to__give__up smoking.
likely adj.有可能的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to__recover(recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
②(陕西卷)If one is late for a job interview, it is unlikely(likely) that he will get the job.
[能力提升]——一句多译
白天这个时候他不可能来，因为他太忙了。
③He__is__not__likely__to__come/It__is__not__likely__that__he__will__come at this time of the day because he is too busy. (likely)
④It__is__not__possible__for__him__to__come/It__is__not__possible__that__he__will__come at this time of the day because he is too busy. (possible)
⑤It__is__not__probable__that__he__will__come at this time of the day because he is too busy. (probable)
(1)Sb./Sth.be likely to do sth.
某人/某物可能会做某事
It is likely that... 很可能……
(2)unlikely adj. 不可能的
[名师点津] (1)likely指从表面迹象来判断，表面上看来有可能。常用结构：Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth.；It’s likely that ...；
(2)possible指客观上有可能，也许实际发生的可能性并不大。常用结构：It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.；It is possible that ...；
(3)probable表示有几分根据的推测，比possible表示的可能性大，一般不用表示人的词作主语。常用结构：It is probable that ...。
focus n．焦点；集中点；焦距；中心 v．(使)集中；聚集
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
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①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.
②a.With his attention focused(focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.
b．With so many people focusing(focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)He focused__his__energy__on__working(专注于工作), so he spared no time to travel.
④(高级表达)Focusing__his__energy__on__working,__he spared no time to travel.(分词作状语)
⑤(高级表达)With__his__energy__focused__on__working,__he spared no time to travel.(with复合结构)
(1)focus on/upon 集中(注意力/精力)于
focus one’s attention/mind/energy on
集中注意力/心思/精力于
(2)the focus of attention/concern/argument
注意力/关注/争论的焦点
[佳句背诵] The whole world focused on the 2019 Beijing summit of the Forum on ChinaAfrica Cooperation.
全球目光都聚焦于2019年中非合作论坛北京峰会。
[名师点津] 表示“集中精力于……”的短语还有concentrate one’s attention on, fix one’s attention on, put one’s heart into等。
affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The election of the new president affected(affect) the country’s relationships with many different foreign countries and international organizations.
②Affected(affect) with a serious disease, he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)Many young people were affected by his story. They began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
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(高级表达)Affected__by__his__story,__many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(分词作状语)
(1)be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深打动
be affected with high fever 发高烧
(2)effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响
[佳句背诵] It is obvious that blindly following others’ advice will affect our own judgment.
显而易见， 盲目地接受他人的意见将影响我们的判断。 (2018·江苏卷)
[联想发散] “被深深地感动”的表达：
①be deeply moved；②be deeply touched；③be deeply affected
harm n．伤害；损害 vt.损害；危害
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①There is no harm in giving gifts to children，but they should not be rewards.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D．损害；危害
[能力提升]——一句多译
众所周知，观看暴力电视节目对孩子们有害。
③As we know, watching violence on TV does__harm__to__children/does__children__harm．(harm n．)
④As we know, watching violence on TV is__harmful__to__children．(harmful adj.)
(1)do/cause harm to sb. 对某人造成伤害
do sb. harm 对某人造成伤害
There is no harm in doing...
做某事无害处。
(2)harmful adj. 有害的，造成伤害的
be harmful to... 对……有害
[佳句背诵] At present, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, doing serious harm to life and the environment. 目前，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了极大的危害。
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suggest vt.建议，提议；推荐；表明，暗示
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①New brain research suggests our brains work(work) differently when we face a nervous situation.
②The smile on her face suggested that she was(be) very satisfied with what we had done.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(天津卷)因为有太多的工作要做，经理提出一个建议，我们应该配备个助手。
The manager put forward a suggestion that we__should__have__an__assistant. There is too much work to do.
④(四川卷)为了掌握普通话， 我强烈建议你多与中国人练习， 只有通过练习你才能发现这种语言的美。
To master Mandarin, I strongly suggest__you__(should)__practice__with__Chinese people.Only through practice can you find the beauty of this language.
⑤人们建议我们应该捐赠一些我们不再喜欢或不再用的东西。
It__is__suggested__that__we__should__donate things which we no longer like or use.
(1)suggest (sb.’s) doing sth. 建议(某人)做某事
suggest (that) ...(should) do
建议……(从句用虚拟语气)
It is suggested that...
建议……(that从句用虚拟语气)
(2)suggestion n. 建议，提议
make/offer/give a suggestion
提出建议
[佳句背诵] I suggest you read these articles before proceeding with this one.
继续阅读本文之前，建议您看一看这些文章。
[名师点津] suggest作“建议”讲时，后接从句时要用虚拟语气(suggestion后面的名词性从句也要用虚拟语气)；作“暗示，表明”讲时，后接的从句不用虚拟语气。
settle vt.使定居；安排；解决；使平静 vi.定居；和解；决定
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
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①a.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.
b．(2017·天津卷)Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle down,__get married, and have kids.
②After reaching a settlement(settle) with the school, she soon settled into her new school life.
③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)With so many poems to recite, you’d better settle down to learning(learn) their backgrounds.
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)The problem was settled and they were happy and relaxed.
(高级表达)With__the__problem__settled,__they were happy and relaxed.(with的复合结构)
(1)settle down 平静下来；定居
settle down to (doing) sth.
安心做某事；专心做某事
settle in/into 安顿下来； 习惯于(新居)；
适应(新工作)
(2)settlement n. 安顿；定居；解决；协议
settler n. 移民；殖民者
[佳句背诵] ①With the government’s aid，those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. 在政府的援助下，那些受到地震影响的人已经搬到新的定居点。(上海卷)
②She didn’t start the lesson until the pupils settled down. 等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。
view n．景色；风景；观点，见解；视野 vt.把……视为；看；观看
[一词多义]——写出下列句中view的含义
①(北京卷)While climbing the mountain，we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.风景
②I can only give you a personal view of how we can live life to the full.观点，见解
③(全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.视野
[能力提升]——完成句子
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④In__view__of(鉴于) the present situation, we’ll have to change our original plan.
⑤In__my__view(依我看), you should follow your teacher’s advice.
⑥As the car approached the town center，several tall buildings came__into__view(进入视野)．
(1)in view 在视野中
in view of 鉴于；考虑到
in one’s view 在某人看来
come into view 看得见
get/have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览
take/hold the view that... 持……的观点
(2)view...as... 把……看作……
[佳句背诵] Standing on the Jingshan, you will get a better view of the Forbidden City which is surrounded by a 7.9metrehigh city wall.
站在景山上， 你可以更清楚地看到被7.9米高城墙围绕的紫禁城。
average n．平均；平均数 adj. 普通的，通常的；平均的 vt.平均为
[基础练习]——语段填空
①There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam, with an average of 18 students in each class. Jane’s was above average while John’s was below average, which made his teacher disappointed.
[能力提升]——完成句子
②(浙江卷)去年平均降雨量仅为18.75厘米，使其成为自1850年加利福尼亚在成为一个州以来最干旱的一年。
An__average__of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making it the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)所有学生每周有两节体育课，每天平均跑20分钟。
All students have two PE classes a week and run for 20 minutes on__average every day.
on average 平均
an average of... 平均有……
with an average of 平均为
above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/
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以下
[词块助记]
the world’s average temperature 世界平均温度
children of average intelligence 智力一般的儿童
an average cost/price 平均成本/价格
an average student 一个普通的学生
come true 实现，变成现实
[基础练习]——选词填空
①Dreams in our heart will come true one day as long as we insist and keep making great efforts.(loose; right; true)
②When things go wrong,__all of us naturally feel disappointed and frustrated.(bad; mad; wrong; hungry)
[能力提升]——完成句子
③考试结果可能会正如所预料的那样， 我被我最喜爱的大学录取的梦想将会成为现实。
The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to be admitted into/to my favorite university will__come__true．
④鱼和肉变质的时候，味道非常难闻。
When__fish__and__meat__go__bad,__they smell terrible.
come loose/right 变松/变好
go bad/mad/wrong/hungry 变质/发疯/出错/挨饿
[名师点津] 一般来说，come 与 go 作系动词，都含“变为”之意。come后的形容词表语常指令说话人“感到满意或开心”的结果，go 后的形容词表语多表“令人不快或沮丧”的情况。
Don’t worry，and everything will come right.
别担心，一切都会变好的。
There are some families going hungry in the world now.
现在世界上有一些家庭正在挨饿。
get in touch (with) 和……取得联系
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①How long have you been in touch with Mr.Smith?
②He lost(lose) touch with his father when he was ten years old.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③It is not easy for us to get__in__touch__with(和……取得联系) each other
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，so we must keep__in__touch(保持联系) from now on.
④Having__been__out__of__touch(失去联系) with his parents for two years, Jones returned home, safe and sound.
keep/stay in touch with
与……保持联系；了解，掌握
lose touch with 和……失去联系
(be) out of touch with 与……没有联系
be in touch with 同……有联系
[佳句背诵] To make it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随身带着这张卡片。(北京卷)
hang on(＝hold on) (电话用语)别挂断；抓紧不放；别放弃，坚持下去；稍等
[一词多义]——写出下列句中hang on的含义
①I think we should hang on and see the end of the game.坚持
②We all hung on as the bus swung around a sharp bend.紧紧抓住
③Hang on！I’ll be back in a minute.稍等
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
④(江苏卷)It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
⑤He was so angry that he hung up before I could say a word.
⑥If you hang on,__you will succeed in the end.
⑦At the weekend I like to just hang out with my friends.
hang on to 紧紧抓住；坚持下去；依靠
hang out 闲逛；常去(某处)
hang up 挂断电话
[佳句背诵] ①The line is busy，would you like to hang on？ 电话线路忙，请别挂断好吗？
②After I hung up I remembered what I’d wanted to say.
我挂断电话之后才想起来原本想说的话。
[名师点津] 我们学过的表示“挂断电话/别挂断电话”的短语还有：ring off 挂断电话；hold the line别挂断。
(be) up to 做，忙于，从事于；多达，达到(数量/规格)；胜任；直到……
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为止；取决于，由……决定；是……的责任
[一词多义]——写出下列句中be up to 的含义
①The children are very quiet.I wonder what they are up to.忙于
②John was dismissed because he was not up to his work.胜任
③Is their spoken English up to the company’s standard？达到
④“Shall we have red wine or white？” “It’s up to you.”由……决定
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤为他们组织一些精彩的歌舞演出是我的职责。
It’s__up__to__me to organize some wonderful singing and dancing performances for them.
(1)up to (数量、 时间等)一直到……；多达
be up to 适合，胜任；忙于，从事于
(2)It’s up to sb.to do sth. 由某人负责做某事。
[佳句背诵] ①It’s up to you what kind of life you will lead in the future. 未来你将过什么样的生活由你自己来决定。(上海卷)
②The young girl is so green that she won’t be up to the job.
这个年轻的女孩太年轻，她不可能胜任这份工作。
It＋be＋adj.＋that...句型，其中It作形式主语
(教材P8)．..“it is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.”
……“很明显，我们将会看到网上购物的大幅度增长。”
[基础练习]——完成句子
①It is important that you (should)__hand__in__your__article(上交你的文章) before 28th, June.
②It’s__a__pity__that(真遗憾) you’ve missed such a good chance.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)Obviously, you should have enough sleep to improve your work efficiency.
(高级表达)It__is__obvious__that you should have enough sleep to improve your work efficiency.
(1)It be＋形容词(possible, obvious, important...)＋that从句
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(2)It be＋过去分词(said, thought, believed, supposed, reported...)＋that从句
(3)It＋不及物动词(seem, occur, happen...)＋that从句
(4)It be＋名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, an honour, an idea, no wonder...)＋that从句
[佳句背诵] It is obvious that without your timely help, I wouldn’t have achieved my goal.
显而易见， 没有你及时的帮助，我不可能实现我的目标。
as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句
(教材P8)Some experts see our future in virtual reality—the use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation. 有些专家看到我们虚拟现实的未来——运用计算机产生的声音和视觉效果，使你感觉就好像生活在现实中一样。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is__going(go) to move in two minutes.
②(江苏卷)More generally，the Internet functions as if it were(be) my memory.
③(重庆卷)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had__done(do) it?
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)She walked here and there on the playground as if she was looking for something.
(高级表达)She walked here and there on the playground as__if__looking__for__something．(省略句)
⑤(普通表达)The boy stood there with his head bent as if he was criticized by the teacher.
(高级表达)The boy stood there with his head bent as__if__criticized__by__the__teacher．(省略句)
(1)as if/as though意为“仿佛，好像”，引导表语从句。常位于be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后。
(2)as if/though引导从句，当从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气。其形式如下：
①表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去时；
②表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；
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③表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/could/might do。
[佳句背诵] He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。
[名师点津] 如果as if/as though引导的方式状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be的某种形式，则省略“从句主语＋be”。
动词＋it＋形容词＋to do sth.句型，其中it作形式宾语
(教材P12)But I still find it hard to imagine.
但我还是觉得难以想象。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(北京卷)To make it easier__to__get(get) in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
②(山东卷)Susan made__it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)I think reading in bed is no good and it does great harm to your eyes.
(高级表达)I__think__it__no__good__reading__in__bed,__which__does__great__harm__to__your__eyes.(形式宾语＋非限制性定语从句)
(1)当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语。
(2)常用于该句型的动词还有make, think, consider, feel, believe等。
[佳句背诵] Having discussed the problem all afternoon, the committee consisting of five members finally came up with a solution to it, which made it possible for us to complete the task.
讨论了这个问题整整一下午， 这个由五人组成的委员会最终想出了解决方法，这使我们完成这项任务成为可能。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They found that more ondemand entertainment(entertain) viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
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2．They provide an environment where you can practice under the guidance(guide) of someone who’s good at the language.
3．Smartphones make it easier and more convenient to check reality(real), watch video clips，and read weibo.
4．No hurry, Bill.If we take a taxi, we will__get(get) there on time for the concert.
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)If you are planning to do exercise regularly(regular)，or you’re doing it now，then listen up!
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．Later, he made a suggestion that we should go out for a walk.
2．We are likely to place a large order with you if the price is reasonable.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.
4．We should view change as a challenge and a rewarding experience.
5．The exercises in this chapter can guide you, but it will be up to you to do the actual work.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．Everyone present at the meeting had different views, so they failed to reach an agreement.观点
2．(2018·江苏卷)As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.推荐
3．(江苏卷)With the development of the society, Internet voting has become more and more popular, gradually affecting people’s life in all respects.影响
4．Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the focus of attention.焦点
5．The average temperature ranges between 23℃ and 39℃and 51% of the island is covered with forests.平均的
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
One day, Tom 1.got(get) in touch with one of his good friends Linda. She 2.is__known(know) as a writer and 3.has__settled(settle) in the suburbs for three years. Nowadays, she is focusing her attention on 4.writing(write) a new novel about
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cyberspace, which consists 5.of six sections. Tom told Linda that he would take 6.over his father’s company soon. What’s more, he would take immediate action 7.to__realize(realize) his dream. 8.It is clear that he is going to make the business bigger and stronger. His father told him if he kept the business 9.running(run) smoothly, he would travel abroad as if his grandfather had done so. In the view of Linda, Tom should hang 10.on until he succeeds.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①过去，王先生是一个上网成瘾者。
Mr.Wang used__to__fancy__surfing the Internet very much.
②上网成瘾给他造成了很大的伤害。
Addiction to the Internet harmed__him__greatly．
③面对他的情况，他的朋友和家人都劝他停止上网，但是他不听。
When his friends as__well__as his family were__faced__with his condition, they tried__to__persuade__him__to__stop it but he wouldn’t listen.
④两年之后，他的身体明显变得很虚弱，他不得不接受了医生的建议，停止上网。
Two years later, he became too weak obviously, so he had__to__take__a__doctor’s__suggestion and quitted__surfing__the__Internet．
2．升级平淡句
⑤用过去分词作状语升级句③
Faced__with__his__condition,__his__friends__as__well__as__his__family__tried__to__persuade__him__to__stop__it__but__he__wouldn’t__listen.
⑥用it作形式主语升级句④
Two__years__later,__it__was__obvious__that__he__became__too__weak,__so__he__had__to__take__a__doctor’s__suggestion__and__quitted__surfing__the__Internet.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：as a result)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
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Mr.Wang used to fancy surfing the Internet very much. As a result, addiction to the Internet harmed him greatly. Faced with his condition, his friends as well as his family tried to persuade him to stop it but he wouldn’t listen. Two years later, it was obvious that he became too weak, so he had to take a doctor’s suggestion and quitted surfing the Internet.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋1篇完形
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·成都高三摸底)A new study has shown how computers and robots powered by artificial intelligence can read human eye movements to “read” human personalities.
The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul. And if that is true, computers and robots powered by sophisticated(复杂的) artificial intelligence algorithms(演算法) may soon have the ability to peer__into your soul. That is the result of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality, conducted by neuroscience researchers based at the University of South Australia and published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.
“Eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality，” wrote the researchers, led by University of South Australia neuroscientist Tobias Loetscher, whose team followed 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements, then determined their personality traits with “wellestablished questionnaires” for determining the personality type, according to a summary of the study published by the site Science Daily.
The researchers fed the data into their AI algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to record human eye movements and immediately determine a person’s major personality traits, such as “neuroticism, extraversion(外向), agreeableness, conscientiousness, as well as curiosity”， the scientists wrote.
“The new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other hightech devices, even robots, allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines，” Loetscher said.
“People are always looking for improved, personalized services. Today’s robots
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and computers are not socially aware so they cannot adapt to nonverbal information，” Loetscher said in a statement quoted by The Indian Express. This research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural, and better at interpreting human social signals.
The study revealed previously undiscovered relations between specific personality characteristics and specific eye movement tendencies, according to a summary in Britain’s Daily Mail newspaper.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究。
1．What do the underlined words “peer into” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Understand.
B．Stare at.
C．Search for.
D．Concern about.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul.”，并结合对第一段的整体理解可推知，此处peer into与第一段中的“read”相呼应，故选A。
2．How did the researchers conduct the research?
A．It was carried out in a lab.
B．42 study subjects’ eye movements were recorded.
C．The students’ daily movements were tracked.
D．Its subjects’ personalities were determined by computer.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究是通过追踪42个研究对象并记录他们的眼球运动来开展的，故选B。
3．According to Tobias Loetscher, what can we know?
A．Robots and computers are socially conscious.
B．People care less about improved, personalized services.
C．Today’s robots and computers can accustom to nonverbal information.
D．The discovery will improve the interaction between human beings and machines.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据对倒数第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究发现有助于改善人类和机器的互动，故选D。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Human Personality Traits
B．What Human Eye Movements Are
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C．Tell Personalities by Eye Movements
D．How Humans and Machines Interact
C 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段开篇点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究，故选C。
B
(2020·沈阳教学质量监测一)With smart technology increasingly influencing all aspects of our lives, it is only a matter of time before someone invents smart shoes—ones that can be made based on personal needs. Called “ShiftWear”， the sneakers are the brainchild of a team of businessmen, and engineers led by New Yorkbased designer David Coelho.
The adaptable shoes can be customized by using a smart phone app. Shoe owners will have the option of selecting a design from a variety of HD patterns by famous artists or creating one themselves. The company’s founders imagine the marketplace where artists can not only share but also sell their designs to others. Despite being electronic, the designs are clearly visible even in the brightest sunlight. What’s even cooler is that by switching on backlight, users can even show their designs in the dark!
According to Coelho, the sneakers will keep their charge forever if only images are displayed. Though they will need periodic recharging, active users have nothing to worry about. That’s because the shoes are equipped with special WalkNCharge technology that powers the shoes—with every step. Inactive users also have options of charging the sneakers without using wires.
The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar fibers, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear and tear. Even better, they are completely waterproof(防水的) and can even be thrown into an ordinary laundry machine for a quick wash! The company predicts that the shoes will range in price from $150 to $1，000 depending on the size of the EPanels where the designs are displayed.
This is not the first time that electronics and shoes have combined. Lithuaniabased iShuh Technologies has come up with a similar concept that connects ereader panels to a smart phone app via the Bluetooth. Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains to be seen, though they surely are attractive.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种智能运动鞋。
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5．What can we know about the smart shoes from the text?
A．The electronic designs can not be seen clearly at night.
B．The designers make sure every pair of sneakers is unique.
C．The bottom part of the shoes can last longer due to special materials.
D．The shoes have to be washed by hand to protect the electronics.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar fibers, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear and tear.”可知，鞋子的底部附着凯芙拉合成纤维，这是一种增强材料，可以减少正常的磨损；据此可知，由于使用了特殊的材料，这种鞋子的鞋底耐磨，故C项正确。
6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．How the sneakers are charged.
B．How the sneakers can work well.
C．What images the sneakers show.
D．What technology the sneakers carry.
A 解析：段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段第一句“According to Coelho, the sneakers will keep their charge forever if only images are displayed.”为该段的主题句，并结合全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了这种鞋子是如何充电的：活跃的用户可以通过走路来充电，不活跃的用户也可以不用电线充电，故A项正确。
7．The varied prices of the sneakers mainly depend on ________.
A．the length of the shoes
B．the size of their EPanels
C．the designers of the shoes
D．the material of their bottoms
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段尾句“The company predicts that the shoes will range in price from $150 to $1，000 depending on the size of the EPanels where the designs are displayed.”可知，该公司预计，这款鞋的价格范围将是150美元到1 000美元，这取决于展示这些设计的电子显示屏的尺寸，故B项正确。
8．How does the author feel about the sneakers’future market?
A．Negative. B．Anxious.
C．Uncertain. D．Confident.
C 解析：观点态度题。根据尾段最后一句“Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains to be seen, though they surely are attractive.”可知，尽管这些智能鞋子很有吸引力，但是它们是否会像我们的智能设备一样流行还有待观察；据此可推知，作者对这种鞋子的未来并不确定，故C项正确。
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Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·平顶山名校模拟)
How to Be a Good Listener to Your Family
Communication is important for strong family relationships. 1.________ Working on your listening skills can help you communicate better and form stronger bonds.
Listen actively. When listening to a family member, do not let your mind wander to other things. It’s important to make your family member feel heard and valued. Put your phone away and give them your full attention. Never think about other things when someone is talking. 2.________
Repeat what has been said. Briefly summarizing what the speaker has said can go a long way towards effective communication. Everyone wants to feel valued and heard, so repeating a family member’s point can show you were listening. 3.________ It can really allow you and your family to communicate better as well.
4．________ Interrupting can put breaks on effective conversation. Always allow a few seconds of silence after someone finishes talking before offering your response. This allows you to make sure the speaker has finished talking. Do not talk over someone either. No matter how curious you feel about a subject, do not start talking until the other person has finished.
Avoid hurrying the speaker. 5.________ Do not break in before the speaker is finished just to hurry the speaker along. Never say things like “Can you get to the point？” This will make it seem like you’re not interested in the conversation.
A．Do not interrupt.
B．Never rush the person into talking.
C．Instead, focus on what’s being said.
D．People tend to pause when they speak.
E．It can help you make sure you understood the speaker.
F．When someone finishes talking, ask questions if necessary.
G．However, if you don’t truly listen to others, it can be difficult to communicate.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了四个改善家庭成员间关系的倾听技巧。
1．G 解析：空前一句突出交流对巩固家庭成员之间关系的重要性，空后一句是说使用倾听技巧可以帮助你更好地交流以及建立更密切的联系，故G项“然而，如果你不能真正地倾听他人，交流就会变得困难”从反面进一步强调倾听的重要性。
2．C 解析：本段围绕“Listen actively.”展开，
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根据本段的内容及空前一句“当别人讲话时不要去想其他的事情”可知，C项“而要关注对方正在说的内容”符合语境。
3．E 解析：本段紧扣“Repeat what has been said.”进行论证，空处与前一句构成递进关系，E选项中的“It”指代前一句中的“repeating a family member’s point”。
4．A 解析：空处为段首句，根据段落特征可知，本句应为祈使句且为本段的主题句。空后一句讨论打断别人会中断有效的交流，由此可推知段首句应为不要打断(他人说话)。故A项符合语境。
5．B 解析：本段主题是“避免催促说话人”。空处谈论的内容应与首句相关，B项中的“rush”与空前的“hurrying”同义，表示“催促”。故选B项。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2020·合肥高三调研)Growing up in the 1960s, I was taught from an early age to send a handwritten thankyou note expressing __1__ for kindness. My mother used to buy me a box of paper and __2__ me in the art and value of saying “thank you”. She __3__ to be right.
A study showed that it took less than 5 minutes to write the thankyou notes. Just 5 minutes to make __4__ person feel overjoyed! __5__， in our “instant” world, the idea of getting an actual pen and writing an actual note seems to never come to mind. We tend to do what is __6__ for us—a quick text or an email.
It’s easy to use the __7__ of being busy, but even very busy and __8__ businessmen find time to __9__ thankyou notes. For example, when Douglas Conant became CEO of Campbell’s, the company had __10__ half of its market, and its value and morale(士气) was at an alltime low. He __11__ fixing that by doing some simple things that are probably not __12__ in any MBA class. For one thing, Conant wrote to every __13__. He gained their confidence and __14__， turned the company __15__．
In his ten years as CEO, Conant wrote over 30，000 notes to employees. It’s __16__ not to ask how he did it. __17__， he had many other things to do __18__ writing a thankyou note. Conant made time for __19__ because he knew the impact(影响) each one would have. An expression of __20__ in this crazy world still makes a difference.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。小时候，妈妈教“我”用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激，并教“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值；研究表明，不到五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条会让他人感到快乐。
1．A.concern B．sympathy
C．affection D．appreciation
D 解析：根据该句中的“a handwritten thankyou note expressing ______ for kindness”可知，该处指用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激(appreciation)，
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故D项正确。A项意为“担心，关心”；B项意为“同情”；C项意为“喜爱”。
2．A.consult B．instruct
C．answer D．impress
B 解析：根据该句“My mother used to buy me a box of paper...and value of saying ‘thank you’．”可知，“我”的妈妈过去常常给“我”买一箱纸，并教授(instruct)“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值，故B项正确。A项意为“咨询”；C项意为“回答”；D项意为“使留下深刻印象”。
3．A.remained B．proved
C．appeared D．claimed
B 解析：根据语境尤其是下文可推知，此处表示她证明(proved)(这样做)是正确的，故B项符合语境。A项意为“保持”；C项意为“显得”；D项意为“声称”。
4．A.one B．any
C．each D．another
D 解析：根据空前一句可知，写感谢便条花费不到五分钟的时间；并结合该句和常识可推知，此处表示仅花费五分钟就可以让另一个(another)人非常高兴，故D项正确。
5．A.Yet B．Therefore
C．So D．Otherwise
A 解析：根据该句中的“seems to never come to mind”并结合上文可知，尽管仅花费五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条能让他人感到快乐，但是(Yet)，在我们这个“快捷的”世界里，人们似乎不愿意用这种方式来表达谢意；据此可推知，该处前后表示转折关系，故A项正确。
6．A.special B．necessary
C．convenient D．important
C 解析：根据该句中的“a quick text or an email”可推知，该处表示我们趋向于使用对我们来说方便的(convenient)方式——快速发送的短信或电子邮件，故C项正确。
7．A.case B．excuse
C．example D．situation
B 解析：根据语境以及该句中的“of being busy”并结合常识可知，人们很容易以忙为借口(excuse)，故B项正确。A项意为“事例”；C项意为“例子”；D项意为“情况”。
8．A.humorous B．optimistic
C．successful D．experienced
C 解析：根据语境可知，人们很容易以忙为借口，但即使是很忙碌和成功的(successful)商人也能找到时间写(pen)感谢便条。
9．A.pen B．receive
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C．design D．deliver
A 解析：参见上题解析。
10．A.lost B．gained
C．developed D．damaged
A 解析：根据该句中的“morale(士气) was at an alltime low”可知，士气空前低落；据此可推知，这家公司已经损失(lost)了一半的市值，故A项正确。
11．A.gave up B．kept up
C．set about D．worried about
C 解析：根据该句中的“He ______ fixing that by doing some simple things”并结合语境可推知，他开始做(set about)一些简单的事情来解决这一问题，故C项正确。A项意为“放弃”；B项意为“跟上”；D项意为“担心”。
12．A.permitted B．taught
C．checked D．tested
B 解析：根据语境可推知，他所做的简单的事情很可能没有在任何MBA课堂上被教(taught)过，故B项正确。A项意为“允许”；C项意为“检查”；D项意为“测试”。
13．A.market B．businessman
C．company D．employee
D 解析：根据下文中的“gained their confidence”和“Conant wrote over 30，000 notes to employees”可推知，Conant给每个员工(employee)写了便条，得到了他们的信任，故D项正确。
14．A.personally B．frankly
C．naturally D．occasionally
C 解析：根据语境可知，Conant得到了员工们的信任，顺理成章地(naturally)使公司好转(turned around)起来。
15．A.up B．down
C．away D．around
D 解析：参见上题解析。turn around意为“好转，扭转”，故D项正确。turn up意为“开大”；turn down意为“调低；拒绝”；turn away意为“把……打发走”。
16．A.hard B．great
C．amazing D．disappointing
A 解析：根据前一句可知，在担任CEO的十年间，Conant给他的员工们写了三万多张便条；结合语境和常识可知，这令人很难(hard)不去问他是如何做到的，故A项正确。
17．A.As usual B．In short
C．By the way D．After all
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D 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示毕竟(After all)，除了(besides)写感谢便条，他有许多其他事情要做。
18．A.by B．in
C．besides D．without
C 解析：参见上题解析。
19．A.me B．it
C．him D．them
B 解析：根据语境可知，空处指代空前一句中的“writing a thankyou note”，故B项正确。
20．A.kindness B．joy
C．value D．confidence
A 解析：根据本文第一句中的“expressing ______ for kindness”并结合全文可推知，在这个疯狂的世界中，善良(kindness)的表达仍然会有作用，故A项正确。
课时练2 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋
1篇语法填空
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·北京海淀区名校联考)At 9：30 a．m. on a Wednesday morning, I received a notification(通知) that I’d already picked up my phone 30 times that day! “11 left until you go over your goal of 41 pickups，” my screen read. “Put your phone down until 9：52 a．m.! Enjoy your time living in the moment.”
These updates were sent via Moment, an app that tracks the screen time, created by Kevin Holesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction. He was working as an independent app developer, spending hours each day staring at screens. After work, Holesh found that he was looking mindlessly online instead of talking to his wife or taking his dogs for a walk.
“I wanted a way of seeing how much time I was sinking into my phone，” he said. “So I came up with something that could monitor my screen time.” Holesh found that he was spending 75 minutes on his phone a day. He added a function to the app that informed him whenever his screen time was more than 40 minutes. “My phone would make a sound like a bee, and I’d go and do something else. It was like something pushing me in the right direction，” he said. Holesh figured that if the system worked for him, it would work for others, and later that year he made Moment a free app. To date, it has been downloaded 8 million times.
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Besides, Moment also has a “coach” function, offering guided programs to help users focus and be more productive, for $7.99 a month.
“I am so much happier, I sleep better, I read more, I take better care of myself, and most of all I am present in my daytoday life，” Jack, a user said . Similar comments on Moment reflect a growing consciousness around “digital wellness”， the name given to lifestyle practices that encourage healthy device use.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款名为“Moment”的手机软件，该软件可以对超时使用手机的人发出提醒，让人们合理使用设备。文章主要介绍了这款软件的发明过程和功能以及用户对它的评价。
1．What does the inspiration of Moment come from?
A．The creator’s own experience.
B．The sound made by honey bees.
C．Complaints from family members.
D．The widespread digital addiction.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“These updates were sent via Moment , an app that tracks the screen time, created by Kevin Holesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction.”，并结合该段其他内容和第三段可知，该软件的发明源于Kevin Holesh自己的经历，故A项正确。
2．What does Moment do at the expected screen time?
A．Monitor the screen and keep a record.
B．Make a noise to remind the user.
C．Turn off the phone immediately.
D．Force the user to take a rest.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He added a function to the app that informed him whenever his screen time was more than 40 minutes. ‘My phone would make a sound like a bee, and I’d go and do something else...’”可知，如果超时使用手机，则这款软件会使手机发出声音来提醒使用者，故B项正确。
3．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4?
A．Persuade readers to buy the app.
B．Provide readers with some advice.
C．Recommend a coach to the readers.
D．Introduce more information of the app.
D 解析：写作意图题。根据第四段的内容可知，该软件还具有“教练”功能，提供一些指导方案，让用户注意力集中，更有效率，
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并结合上文介绍的该软件的超时使用手机的提醒功能可推知，在第四段作者旨在介绍该软件的更多信息，故D项正确。
4．In which part of a website will you find this text?
A．Fashion and Business.
B．Sports and Entertainment.
C．Health and Lifestyle.
D．Art and Design.
C 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款名为“Moment”的手机软件，该软件可以对超时使用手机的人发出提醒，让人们合理使用设备，拥有更有益于健康的生活方式。据此可推知，本文最有可能摘自健康和生活方式版块，故C项正确。
B
(2020·信阳第一次质检)Are you a procrastinator(拖延者)? It’s a common problem. And it can be harmful, as previous research has shown that people who procrastinate have higher levels of stress and lower wellbeing, reported the Association for Psychological Science in the US. But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.
Psychologists think that each person believes that they are really two people：“Present Me” and “Future Me”. “People act as if they prefer their current selves’ needs and desires to those of their future selves，” wrote psychologists Neil Lewis and Daphna Oyserman.
Oyserman and Lewis decided to try to find a way to make “Present Me” imagine exactly how “Future Me” would feel the night before a big paper was due, though “Present Me” hadn’t started yet. They made “Present Me” think about a faroff event a number of days away, not months or years.
Thinking about events in this__way meant that something like a friend’s wedding seemed 16.3 days sooner when considered in days rather than months and 11.4 months sooner when considered in months rather than years.
The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years. For example, participants imagined they had a newborn child, and that the child would need to go to college in either 18 years or 6，570 days. The researchers found those in the “days” condition planned to start saving four times sooner than those in the “years” condition.
So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done
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quicker.
【解题导语】 本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法。
5．What did Oyserman and Lewis intend to do through their study?
A．To work on a solution to test if someone is a procrastinator.
B．To find out whether human beings usually have two different characters.
C．To discover procrastinators are more likely to have a lower sense of wellbeing.
D．To prove it’s helpful to connect our current selves more with future selves.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，Oyserman和Lewis想要通过他们的研究去验证把“现在的我”和“将来的我”联系起来是否会对应对拖延症有一定的帮助，故选D。
6．The underlined part “this way” in Paragraph 4 refers to “________”．
A．setting up tough deadlines
B．following schedules strictly
C．counting in smaller units of time
D．imagining how your future self will feel
C 解析：词义猜测题。承接第三段最后一句“They made ‘Present Me’ think about a faroff event a number of days away, not months or years.”可推知，画线部分是指用更小的时间单位去计量，故选C。
7．What helps prevent people from procrastinating?
A．Comparing their future selves with present selves.
B．Considering their current selves’ needs and desires.
C．Thinking about faroff events in days rather than years.
D．Marking important events on a calendar as a reminder.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的内容以及最后一段“So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.”可推知，用天而不是用年去考虑将来所发生的事情会帮助拖延者不再拖延，故选C。
8．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．A way to get things done in time.
B．The harmful effects of procrastination.
C．The reason to overlook future needs and desires.
D．The way to reduce stress and improve happiness.
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.”，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法，故选A。
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Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·合肥第一次质检)
Apologizing the Right Way to a Friend
Why are apologies so difficult? Saying you are sorry can be the most difficult thing you do. But we all make mistakes, so you’ll probably have an occasion when you need to apologize. Perhaps you had blew up at someone and realized later you reacted poorly. 1.________. Whatever the reason, apologizing can help you both heal and move on from the situation.
2．________. First, you acknowledge that you did something wrong. With an apology, you take responsibility for your actions, which allows your friend to forgive you. Second, an apology gives your sincerity as a friend. 3.________， but that doesn’t mean we still shouldn’t apologize.
Now, what are elements of a proper apology? 4.________， depending on what the offense was, where it was done, and who you are apologizing to. In general, a good apology should include the followings: a request for their attention, an acknowledgment of what happened, sincerity in admitting you did something wrong and the words “I’m sorry” or “I apologize”. Here are things never to say when apologizing. Note that the art of apologizing involves taking responsibility. Never apologize as a way to “shut someone up” when they are saying you hurt their feelings and you don’t think you did. 5.________， you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across. You’ll really need to selfreflect so you can see things from your friend’s point of view.
A．When you make your apology in person
B．If you really believe you did nothing wrong
C．Apologies benefit friendships in a variety of ways
D．The way you apologize is going to be slightly different
E．Or maybe you just didn’t show support when you needed to
F．Apologizing the right way, however, may take a little practice
G．Sometimes our pals forgive us easily for the minor things we do wrong
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了向朋友道歉的正确方法。
1．E 解析：根据空后的“Whatever the reason”可知，空处与空前一句讲的是向朋友道歉的原因，所以选项E与语境相符，且选项E中的“maybe”与空前一句中的“Perhaps”相呼应，故选E。
2．C 解析：空处位于段落句首主题句的位置；通读该段可知，
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该段主要讲的是道歉对友谊的好处，故C项符合语境。
3．G 解析：根据空后的“but that doesn’t mean we still shouldn’t apologize”可知，G项“有时我们的朋友轻易地就原谅了我们犯的小错误”符合语境。
4．D 解析：根据空后的“depending on...who you are apologizing to”可知，D项“你道歉的方式要稍微不同”与之衔接自然，故选D项。
5．B 解析：根据空后的“you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across”可知，B项“如果你确实认为你没做错什么”与之联系紧密，故选B项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·滁州模拟)Lions, tigers and other animals are staying awake at night 1.____________(avoid) human beings, a new study finds.
Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature. Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away 2.____________ people. By being awake at night, animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time 3.____________(look) for food.
The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can 4.____________ (fright) animals and cause them to become more active at night. 5.____________ had been studied were lions in Tanzania, tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil. Researchers compared 6.____________(careful) how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities, such as hunting and farming. 7.____________ was human activities that caused an increase of about 20 percent in nighttime activities, even in creatures that usually sleep at night. Results 8.____________(publish) in the journal Science two months ago.
The new findings are 9.____________(usual) because no one else has looked at it in such detail before. Ecologist Marlee Tucker was 10.____________(surprise) that any kind of human activities is enough for animals to see people as a threat.
【解题导语】 人类活动导致许多动物在夜间保持清醒以保持警惕状态。
1．to avoid 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一项新的研究发现，狮子、老虎以及其他的动物在夜间保持清醒旨在避开人类。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
2．from 解析：考查固定搭配。keep away from...“远离……”，为固定搭配。
3．looking 解析：考查固定用法。spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”，为固定用法。
4．frighten 解析：考查动词。句意：最新的研究表明，即使像务农和野营这样的活动也会惊吓到动物，进而导致它们夜间变得更加活跃。情态动词can后应接动词原形，
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故应用名词fright的动词形式frighten。
5．What 解析：考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，故填What。
6．carefully 解析：考查副词。修饰句中的谓语动词compared应使用副词。
7．It 解析：考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，去掉______ was和that之后，句子表意完整，故该句为强调句型“It was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”。
8．were published 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，谓语动词publish和句子的主语Results之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语two months ago可知，描述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
9．unusual 解析：考查形容词。句意：因为先前没人对此进行过如此详细的研究，所以这些新的发现显得不同寻常。
10．surprised 解析：考查形容词。此处为过去分词作表语，表示主语Marlee Tucker的状态，故用形容词surprised。
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