2018届二轮复习并列句和三大从句在短文语法填空中的考查课件（47张） 47页

并列句和三大从句在语法填空中的考查 2018 届二轮复习 无提示词填空 1 技能突破 3 随堂训练 2 走出误区 4 复习练案 技 能 突 破 技法 1 ：依据上下逻辑，选择并列句连词 高考语法填空不仅考查词汇和固定搭配，还要考查句子之间的逻辑关系，高考有关并列句连词的考查题目几乎每年都有。 (2017 · 北京高考 ) — Peter ， please send us postcards ______ we'll know where you have visited. — No problem. [ 解题思路 ] ① 分析句子结构 → 此题中有两个主谓的句子 ② 根据句子间关系 → 可判断两句之间存在因果关系 尝试解答： ________ so [ 技法解读 ] 并列连词主要是用来表示并列、转折、选择、因果推理 等关系。也可用来连接平行的词、词组或分句。 1 ．表示并列关系的连词： and 和； both...and... 两者都； either...or... 或者 …… 或者 …… ； neither...nor... 既不 …… 也不 …… ； as well as 也，连同； not only...but(also ) ． .. 不但 …… 而且 …… 。 Bob as well as his parents is going on holiday this summer. 鲍勃和他的父母今年夏天要去度假。 2 ．表示转折关系的并列连词： but 但是； yet 然而； still 仍然； while 然而。 The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm. 北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很温暖。 3 ．表示选择关系的连词： or 或者； or else 否则； otherwise 否则； neither...nor... 既不 …… 也不 …… ； either...or... 或者 …… 或者 …… 。 Neither you nor I nor anyone else believes such things. 不管你我或者其他任何人都不会相信这些事。 4 ．表示因果推理关系的连词主要有 so ， for ， then ， therefore 等。 The leaves of the trees are falling ， for it's already autumn. 树叶在落下，因为秋天已经到来了。 5 ． when 也可作并列连词用，意为 “ 这时，那时 ” ，相当于 and at this/that time ，常用于以下句式： be doing...when... ； be about to do /going to do/ on the point of doing...when... ； had just done...when 。 ① (2015 · 广东高考 )One day ， the cow was eating grass ______ it began to rain heavily. ② (2014 · 全国卷 Ⅰ )But river wasn't changed in a few days ________ even a few months. ③ (2013 · 辽宁高考 )Go to the village and buy some salt ， but pay a fair price for it ： neither too much ________ too little. when or nor ④ (2014 · 北京高考改编 )Some animals carry seeds from one place to another ， ________ plants can spread to new places. ⑤ (2015 · 北京高考改编 )He is a shy man ， ________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone. ⑥ (2014 · 天津高考改编 )Give me a chance ， ________I'll give you a wonderful surprise. so but and 技法 2 ：按照先行词所作成分， 选择定语从句关系词 定语从句是考生学习的重点和难点，其关键是确定关系词。 (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅰ )But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s ， ______________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas. [ 解题思路 ] ① 分析句子结构 → 名词 ( 先行词 ) ＋主语＋系动词＋表语＋其他成分 → 可判断此处为定语从句 ② 判断先行词指人还是指物 → 先行词指时间 ③ 判断先行词在从句中所作成分 → 在句中作状语 尝试解答： ________ when [ 技法解读 ] 1. 分析句子成分，判定关系词 (1) 当定语从句部分缺少主语、宾语、定语时， 要想到 分别采用 who( 指人 ) /that( 指人或物 )/ which( 指物 ) ， whom( 指人 ) ， whose( 指人或物 ) 。 The person who called yesterday wants to buy the house. 昨天打电话的人想买这套房子。 I like the book best whose cover is green. 我最喜欢封皮是绿色的这本书。 (2) 当定语从句部分缺少时间状语、地点状语、原因状语时， 要想到 分别采用 when ， where ， why 。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍旧记得第一次来这个学校的那一天。 (1) that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。 (2)which 引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或者部分内容。 Tom failed again in the match ， which was a great pity. 汤姆在比赛中又一次失利了，这是一个非常大的遗憾。 (3) as/which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别： as 和 which 都可引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句的内容。 as 在句中的位置比较灵活，意为 “ 正如，正像 ” ； which 只能用在句中，意为 “ 这，这一点 ” 。 The mother tried to persuade her son to give up smoking ， which didn't help. 母亲竭力说服儿子放弃吸烟，但没有效果。 As is known to all ， China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 2. “ 介词＋关系代词 ” 引导的定语从句 (1) 介词后填写关系代词时，只可能为 which( 指物 ) 或 whom( 指人 ) ，不能用 that 。 (2) 关系副词 when ， where 在定语从句中，一般可改为 “ 介词＋ which ” 的情况。而 why 在定语从句中可替换为 for which 。 I saw some trees ， the leaves of which were black with disease. 我看到一些树，树叶由于疾病是黑色的。 (3) “ 名词＋ of which ” 常代替 “ whose ＋名词 ” 在定语从句中作定语。 He mentioned a book ， the title of which ( ＝ whose title ) I’ve forgotten. 他提到了一本书，书的名字我已经忘了。 ① (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅲ )Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius ， ________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B C ．， influenced the development of chopsticks. ② (2015 · 全国卷 )I'd skipped nearby Guilin ， a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ____________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. ③ (2015 · 广东高考 )When harvest came around.he was already selling herbs ， vegetables and cotton in the market ________ people from the town met regularly. who that/which where 技法 3 ：判断从句所缺成分，选择名 词性从句连接词 名词性从句一直很受高考命题者的青睐，主要考查名词性从句中连接词的用法。有时候，会结合插入语使句子结构复杂化，使难度增加。 (2015 · 全国卷 Ⅱ )As natural architects ， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly______________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. ① 分析句子结构 → 此句 ______________thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days 在动词短语 figure out 之后 → 可判断为宾语从句 ② 根据从句中所缺成分 → 从句中缺少一个修饰形容词的连接副词 尝试解答： ________ how [ 技法解读 ] 1 ． 紧抓名词性从句的基本定义，掌握其引导词。 引导词 用　法 连词 that ， whether ， if 等 均不在句中作成分。 that 没有意义，引导宾语从句时可省略； whether 和 if 意为 “ 是否 ” ，在宾语从句中一般可互换，但在其他名词性从句中只能用 whether 连接 代词 what ， who ， whom ， which ， whatever ， whoever ， whichever 等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分 连接 副词 when ， where ， why ， how ， whenever ， wherever ， however 等 在从句中作状语 2. 注意以下两点。 ① 当句子作主语 / 宾语时往往显得 “ 头重脚轻 ” ，故常用 it 作形式主语 / 形式宾语，而把真正的主语 / 宾语放在后 面。 It had never occurred to him that he might be falling in love with her. 他从来没想到过他也许爱上了她。 The teacher made it clear that ice cream is junk food. 老师使大家明白了冰激凌是垃圾食品。 ②“ the reason why... ＋ be ＋ that 从句 ” 形式的表语从句。 The reason why he moved to Australia was that he wanted to have a good knowledge of Australian literature. 他移居澳大利亚的原因是想学习 ( 精通 ) 澳大利亚文学。 3 ． what 引导名词性从句的五种用法：表示 “ …… 的东西或 事情 ” ；表示 “ …… 的人或样子 ” ；表示 “ …… 的数量或数目 ” ；表示 “ …… 的时间 ” ；表示 “ …… 的地方 ” 。 In 1492 ， Columbus reached what is now called America.1492 年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。 ① (2014 · 广东高考 )I didn’t understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. ② (2015 · 江苏高考改编 )____________ Li Bai ， a great Chinese poet ， was born is known to the public ， but some won't accept it. ③ (2015 · 安徽高考改编 )A ship in harbor is safe ， but that's not ________ ships are built for. ④ (2017 · 北京高考 )Every year ， ___________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. how Where/when what whoever 技法 4 ：根据连词含义，破解状语从句 高考对状语从句的考查主要是连词的判断选用以及主句与从句谓语动词的时态运用。其中，以对时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和结果状语从句的考查较多。重点考查的连词有 when ， while ， after ， before ， unless ， although 等。 (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅲ )Over time ， ______________the population grew ， people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. [ 解题思路 ] ① 分析句子结构 → 句子缺少连词 ② 根据句意： → as...grow ，随着 …… 的增长 尝试解答： ________ as [ 技法解读 ] 1 ．牢记连词词义并能够熟练运用是解答题目的先决条件。 2 ．重点关注几组连词用法： (1) 常考的时间状语从句的引导词是 when ， while ， as ；另外 before 是高考重点，表示 “ 在 …… 之前，要过 …… 时间才 …… ” 。 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。 (2) 考查让步状语从句的引导词是 though ， although ， whever 等。 Though she is clever ， she often makes mistakes. 虽然她聪明，但她经常犯错误。 (3) 常考条件状语从句的引导词是 if ， unless 。注意主从句的时态呼应也常考到。一般来说从句是一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。 lf you don’t study hard ， you’ll fail the exam. 如果你不努力学习，考试就会不及格。 (4) 常考地点状语从句引导词是 where ， wherever ；原因状语从句引导词是 because ， since ， as ；结果状语从句引导词是 so...that ， such...that ， so that 等。 As young men ， we should learn to stand up where we fell. 作为年轻人，我们应该学会从哪儿摔倒就从哪儿站起来。 ① (2017 · 北京高考 )__________________ birds use their feathers for flight ， some of their feathers are for other purposes. ② (2016 · 四川高考 )________ it cried ， she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. ③ (2015 · 北京高考 )________ the damage is done ， it will take many years for the farmland to recover. ④ (2015 · 天津高考改编 )We need to get to the root of the problem ________ we can solve it. Though/ Although When/If Once before 连接词判断两标准 1 ．若两个或几个简单句之间是逗号，则一定是填连词。 2 ．然后通过判断句子结构，确定句子类型。 (1) 如上下句为对等并列，则填并列连词； (2) 如判断为定语从句，先看从句所缺句子成分，再看先行词指代； (3) 如判断为名词性从句，则分析从分是否缺成分或缺少什么成分； (4) 如判断为状语从句，先判断上下句的逻辑关系，再确定连词。 走 出 误 区 易错点 1 　混淆并列句与定语从句 ① (2015 · 重庆高考改编 )He wrote many children's books ， nearly half of________were published in the 1990s. ② ( 母题变式 ) He wrote many children's books ， ________nearly half of them were published in the 1990s. which and [ 点拨 ] 句 ① 中，先行词为 children’s books ，在从句中作介词 of 的宾语，故要用 which 。句 ② 中，两句话之间存在并列关系，故填 and 。 易错点 2 　混淆定语从句的先行词 ① (2014 · 重庆高考改编 )We'll reach the sales targets in a month____________we set at the beginning of the year. ② ( 母题变式 )We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________we will have a big party for celebration. that/which when [ 点拨 ] (1) 句 ① 中，先行词为 the sales targets ，在从句中作动词 set 的宾语；句 ② 中先行词为 a month ，在从句中作状语。 (2) 根据以上分析，句 ① 填 that/which ，句 ② 填 when 。 易错点 3 　混淆名词性从句连词 what 与 that ① (2015 · 陕西高考改编 )Reading her biography ， I was lost in admiration for________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. ② ( 母题变式 ) Reading her biography,1 was lost in admiration for the fact________Doris Lessing had achieved so much in literature. what that [ 点拨 ] 句 ① 中， for 是介词，故后面的从句是宾语从句，而从句中 achieve 缺宾语，故填 what 。句 ② 中从句不缺成分，可判断为同位语从句，故填 that 。 易错点 4 　混淆状语从句连词的用法 ① (2015 · 重庆高考改编 )If you miss this chance ， it may be years________you get another one. ② ( 母题变式 )It has been years________you missed this chance. before since [ 点拨 ] 固定表达 it ＋ will /can ＋ be ＋时间段＋ before... ，表示 “ 在 …… 之后才 …… ” ；固定表达 it ＋ is/ has been ＋时间段＋ since... ，表示 “ 自从 …… 已经 …… ” 。 随 堂 训 练 Ⅰ . 易错练习 1. 用 and 或 but 填空 ① (2017 · 漳州一模 )My son was invited to attend the competition and the parents were expected to pay for their children.My son was excited ， ________ I felt helpless. ② (2017 · 长春二模 )They were still drunk in the morning ， ________ they drove their rented car to the airport. ③ (2017 · 枣庄二模 )The streets were crowded with people ________ the shops were full of wonderful things. ④ E － books have become a part of our daily life ________ they have satisfied the needs of the quick pace of our life. but but and and 2 ． 用 that/which 或 where 填空 ① (2017 · 江西一模 )I work in the big factory in a town ____________ is quite far from my house. ② (2017 · 成都二模 ) In 1888 he sailed to England ， ________ he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. ③ (2017 · 北京高考 )Jane moved aimlessly down the tree － lined street ， not knowing_________ she was heading. ④ But I find myself thinking about all the wonderful places ____________ my parents and I paid a visit to during my senior year. that/which where where that/which 3 ． 用 that 或 what 填空 ① (2017 · 昆明一模 )l hurried to the hospital and asked the people around ________ had happened. ② (2017 · 六盘山二模 )What's great is that you can easily compare products and their prices ， so you can get ________ you want at the best possible price. ③ (2017 · 武昌二模 ) Most parents don't realize its effect on their children and most parents are slow to admit the fact ________ they leave their children alone. ④ He said the book was very interesting and ________ all the children liked to read it. what what that that Ⅱ . 语篇练习：用适当的连接词填空。 In the summer of 1848 ， in Guatemala ， a man called Ambrosio Tut went into the jungle 1. ________he usually worked every day.Tut was a gum-collector( 树胶采集者 ) ， looking for gum in the jungle.To do this ， he had to climb the trees.On one particular day ， he got to the top of one tree and something caught his eye.He looked out across the trees and saw the tops of some old buildings. Tut didn't really know 2.________he had seen but he knew it was something special.He ran to tell the local governor ， and together they walked into the jungle.There they found Tikal ( 蒂卡尔 ) ， the city 3.___________the Mayans had built many hundreds of years before.The two men saw temples and pyramids ， squares and houses ， and places 4.________kings had lived 5.________the Mayan people ruled the region. where what that/which where when For a long time before that day ， local people had known 6.________somewhere in the jungle there was an old Mayan city ， but no one had seen it for centuries.Between 200 and 900 AD ， the city of Tikal had been the center of Mayan civilization in the region ， but then the Mayans left there ， nobody knows 7.________ ！ After 1000 AD ， the jungle began to cover it and people forgot that it was there. Seven years 8.________Tut looked out for the trees ， two British explorers had gone to Guatemala and had written a report about Mayan treasures in the jungle ， but they didn't mention Tikal.Even earlier than this ， local Indians had told European travelers about a great city hidden in the trees ， 9.________no one would listen to them.Then the news 10.________the lost city had been found again made archaeologists ( 考古学家 ) extremely glad. that why before but that ❶ 　 解析： 定语从句补全为 He usually worked every day in the jungle. 故从句中缺少地点状语。 ❷ 　 解析： 句意： Tut 真不知道他看到的是什么，但是他知道那是一些特殊的东西。分析句子可知，从句中缺少宾语，指物，故填 what 。 ❸ 　 解析： that/which 引导定语从句，修饰 the city 。 ❹ 　 解析： 分析句子结构可知，从句部分缺少地点状语。 ❺ 　 解析： 由空后句子 the Mayan people ruled the region 可知表示玛雅人统治这一地区的时期，故用 when 引导时间状语从句。 ❻ 　 解析： 句意：那天之前的很长一段时间，当地人就知道丛林里的某个地方有一个古老的玛雅城市。从句中不缺少成分，且意义完整，故用 that 引导宾语从句。