【英语】2018届二轮复习短文改错解题技巧学案练与析（8页word版） 8页

‎2018届二轮复习短文改错解题技巧学案练与析 一、分清错误的类型，对症下药 ‎1．缺词 短文改错中所缺的词常常是冠词、介词、代词等虚词，它通常与词的搭配相关，比如：见到名词，应考虑是否缺了冠词；见到动词，可注意后面是否少了应与之搭配的介词或其他词；见到某些固定表达，如in fact，as soon as等，应考虑是否完整；还有某些短语加冠词与不加冠词意义不同，如in front of，in the front of；某些短语加介词与不加介词用法不同，如：as a result，as a result of。高考常考点具体如下表所示：‎ 命题角度 考查点 解题思路 名词 冠词 名词前是否缺冠词 动词 介词或代词 不及物动词后是否缺介词，及物动词后是否缺少代词 不定式 不定式符号to 不定式中是否缺少了不该省略的不定式符号to 被动语态 助动词be 被动语态中是否缺少了助动词be 固定表达 习惯表达法 习惯表达法中是否漏了不可缺少的词 典型例题：‎ ‎①In the car park there Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.‎ 答案及分析：‎ 在as后加a。car是可数名词，此处表示“有一辆汽车冲了过来”，表泛指，故要用a。‎ ‎②For example，how many times have you walked out of a room and left the lights or television when no one else was there?‎ 答案及分析：‎ 在television后面加on。句意：例如，当那里没人的时候，有多少次你让电灯或电视开着就离开了房间？leave...on表示“让……开着”。‎ ‎③There was one in particular I’d always wanted.I put into my pocket when he wasn’t looking.‎ 答案及分析：‎ 在put后加it。及物动词put后缺少宾语，代替“我特别想要的那个玩具”要用it。‎ ‎2．多词 短文改错中多余的词常常是虚词，如冠词、介词、代词、副词、连词等。一种是根据涉及的名词、动词的特点等判断是否多了冠词、介词、副词或其他词；另一种是根据全句的结构和意义，判断是否多了连词或其他词。高考常考点具体如下表所示：‎ 命题角度 考查点 解题思路 名词 冠词 抽象名词、物质名词、复数名词表泛指是否多了冠词 动词 介词 及物动词后受母语影响是否多了介词 不定式 不定式符号to 不定式是否多了应该省略的不定式符号to 时间或地 点状语 介词 时间或地点状语中是否多用了介词 形容词、‎ 副词 比较结构 形容词、副词比较结构中是否多了more或most 固定表达 习惯表达法 习惯表达中是否画蛇添足 典型例题：‎ ‎①Otherwise，it is impossible for them to help each other and to make their friendship to last long.‎ 答案及分析：‎ 把last前的to去掉。make表示“使，让”，后面接宾语补足语时，用省略to的不定式，构成make sb do sth结构。‎ ‎②Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut down the use of energy in our country.‎ 答案及分析：‎ 把great前的a去掉或者把efforts改为effort。固定表达make an effort或者make efforts表示“努力”。‎ ‎③I guessed，even at that age，I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or face my cousin again；I would always know I’d done something wrong.‎ 答案及分析：‎ 把enjoy后的to去掉。固定表达enjoy doing...表示“喜欢做某事”。‎ ‎3．错词 错词是短文改错题中最主要的错误类型，错词的情况最为复杂，大致可分为虚词选择错误，实词用法错误，同(近)义、形似词选择错误等。但常见的还是搭配错误与语法错误，特别是平时写作时常出的错误最易为命题者所关注，对于平时常常疏忽、易出错的地方要精心改正，做题时更要小心仔细。高考常考点具体见前面的第二部分短文改错错误类型分析。‎ 二、保持原意的原则 做题时应遵循保持句子原意的原则，即不能随便改变文章或作者所表达的意思，包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系，只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文逻辑关系错误进行改正，且小改不能大改。换词不能改意，加词不能增意，去词不能减意。如有多种改法，应以保持原意为条件，择其善者而从之。‎ 典型例题：‎ ‎①The more friends we have，the more we can learn for one another，and the more pleasure we can share together.‎ 答案及分析：‎ 将for改为from。固定表达learn from sb向某人学习，符合语境。也有同学把for改为about，learn about了解……的有关情况，但改变了原意，作者想说的是“相互学习”，而不是“相互了解情况”。‎ ‎②They finally dropped Gina off at her parents’ and made our own way home.‎ 答案及分析：‎ 将They改为We。根据语篇和后面的our own way和句意可知，这里指的是“我们”。也有同学把 our改为their，但改变了原意，整篇文章叙述用的是第一人称，如果改成their就与语篇的人称不相符。‎ A ‎(2016·全国Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also the best and worse years in my life.At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.However，my parents didn’t seem to think such.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.At one time ，I ever felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college.At last，I will be on my own，but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.‎ B ‎(2016·四川高考)It is Mother’s Day today.Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now.‎ Mom has a full－time job，so she has to do most of the houseworks.She is a great mother.Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day.We get up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house，and then went on shopping.When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritest.At dinner，we said to her，“Happy Mother’s Day！”Mom was grateful and moving.‎ C ‎(2016·浙江高考)When I was a very young children，my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.Every time he arrived home at end of the day，we’d greet her at the door.He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us.Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.While they chat，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.It was both excited and frightening to be up there!‎ My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there.‎ C ‎(2015·全国Ⅰ)When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean or the mountains are green.Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Much rare animals are dying out.We must found ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so，we’ll live to regret it.‎ 答案：‎ A ‎【语篇导读】　本文主要讲述了青少与父母之间的关系。‎ ‎1．解析　此处指13～19 岁的年龄，故用复数。‎ 答案　year→years ‎2．解析　与前面的best并列，此处应用最高级。‎ 答案　worse→worst ‎3．解析　at first 固定短语。‎ 答案　去掉the ‎4．解析　根据句意，此处指“我自己”。‎ 答案　yourself→myself ‎5．解析　so 指已经提到的事。‎ 答案　such→so ‎6．解析　此处应用过去时态。‎ 答案　tell→told ‎7．解析　此处应用形容词作表语。‎ 答案　freely→free ‎8．解析　此处用动名词作介词的宾语。‎ 答案　wear→wearing ‎9．解析　固定搭配 leave for 去……。‎ 答案　to→for ‎10．解析　whenever引导状语从句，从句缺少主语I。‎ 答案　whenever后加I B ‎1．解析　前后句之间为转折关系。‎ 答案　so→but ‎2．解析　housework是不可数名词。‎ 答案　houseworks→housework ‎3．解析　both...and是固定搭配。‎ 答案　or →and ‎4．解析　这里说的是发生在过去的事情，因此用一般过去时。‎ 答案　get→got ‎5．解析　go shopping去买东西。‎ 答案　去掉on ‎6．解析　爸爸去购物，从句主语是he，因此物主代词形式用his。‎ 答案　her→his ‎7．解析　上文虽未提及kitchen，但听话者一定知其所指，因此，kitchen前加定冠词。‎ 答案　kitchen前加the ‎8．解析　引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指物，用关系代词that/which，也可省略。‎ 答案　what→which/that或去掉what ‎9．解析　favorite 为无等级形容词。‎ 答案　favoritiest→favorite ‎10．解析　moving多用来修饰事物，moved用来指人。‎ 答案　moving→moved C ‎1．解析　因为前面有不定冠词a，所以这里用单数。故children改成child。‎ 答案　children→child ‎2．解析　late是形容词“迟的”，或副词“迟地”，但是“‎ 一段时间后面应该接later”，表示“……时间以后”。故late改成later。‎ 答案　late→later ‎3．解析　at the end of 为固定搭配。‎ 答案　at后面加the ‎4．解析　根据上文可知我们每天在门口迎接爸爸。用him指代my father，作greet的宾语。故her改成him。‎ 答案　her→him ‎5．解析　这句话的主语是we，谓语用复数，而且这篇文章是作者回忆小时候的事情，用一般过去时。故was改成were。‎ 答案　was→were ‎6．解析　pretend后面接不定式作宾语，这里是否定式pretend not to do。故knowing改成know。‎ 答案　knowing→know ‎7．解析　would do 表示“过去常常做”。‎ 答案　去掉had ‎8．解析　根据主句内容my father would lift my sister 可知while引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。故chat改成chatted。‎ 答案　chat→chatted ‎9．解析　on the top of...为固定搭配，意为“在……顶部”。故in改成on。‎ 答案　in→on ‎10．解析　这句话的主语是形式主语it，真正的主语是to be up there，主语是物的时候，表语应该用现在分词形式的形容词。故excited改成exciting。‎ 答案　excited→exciting D ‎1．解析　考查动词的时态。根据前面一句可知，这是发生在小时候的事情，故用一般过去时态。‎ 答案　think→thought ‎2．解析　考查冠词的用法。in the countryside (在乡村)为固定短语。‎ 答案　countryside前加the ‎3．解析　考查并列词的用法。那儿的空气洁净，群山葱绿。由句意可知两个分句之间显然为并列关系，而非选择关系。‎ 答案　or→and ‎4．解析　考查介词的用法。with the development of...为一固定短语，意思是“随着……的发展”。‎ 答案　on→with ‎5．解析　考查被动语态的用法。众多研究表明，全球变暖已经成为一个十分严重的问题。由句意可知，studies和谓语show之间为主动关系，故要用主动语态。‎ 答案　去掉been ‎6．解析　考查形容词的用法。修饰名词problem应当用形容词。‎ 答案　seriously→serious ‎7．解析　考查不可数名词的用法。air作“空气”讲时为不可数名词。‎ 答案　airs→air ‎8．解析　考查代词的用法。Animals为可数名词复数，故用many。‎ 答案　Much→Many ‎9．解析　考查情态动词的用法。情态动词后面要接动词原形。‎ 答案　found→find ‎10．解析　考查语境中代词的用法。依据前后句的语境及逻辑关系可知your与上下文相悖，结合句意应当改为our/the才能使句意通顺。‎ 答案　your→our