2020-2021学年高三英语语法一轮复习：状语从句（1） 16页

2020-2021 学年高三英语语法一轮复习：状语从句（1） 一、基础知识 1. 主语是发出动作的人或物；谓语是______________;宾语是______________。 2. 定语修饰______________；状语包括时间、地点、方式、原因、结果等状语。 3. 表语是系动词后面的词、短语或句子；补语是补充说明______________; 同位语的作用是______________. 4. 五种简单句的结构是：______________、主+谓+宾、______________、主+谓 + 宾 + 宾 补 、 ______________。 二、选择适当的词填空 and but or either…or so for while 1. We want to go to the match, _______ we didn’t get the ticket. 2. Some people are buying the stock, _______ we are selling the stock. 3. You must go early, _______ you will miss the bus. 4. The manager was ill, _______ I went in her place. 5. They were happy _______ they deserved their happiness. 6. Put on some clothes, _______ you will catch cold. 第七讲 状语从句一 状语从句概述 一、状语从句的定义 思考一个问题： 状语是：_________________________________________________________ 【答案】修饰动词、形容词或一句话，表示时间、地点、原因、结果等 找出下面句子的状语 1. He came to the library to find some materials. 2. My father bought a house in the suburb. 3. We found a wallet on the grand last night. 将上面句子的状语部分改成一个句子 1. He came to the library to find some materials. _____________________________________________________________ 2. My father bought a house in the suburb. _____________________________________________________________ 3. We found a wallet on the ground last night. _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. He came to the library so that he can find some materials. 2. My father bought a house where the air quality is better than the city. 3. We found a wallet on the ground when we had a walk after dinner last night. 根据以上句子可知，状语从句为： _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】状语由一个句子充当。 二、状语从句的分类 1. He distrusted me because I was new. 2. If you have any other questions, just write to me. 3. Dusk fell before we realized it. 4. We must camp where we can get water. 5. We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 6. I’m so excited to hear that you are coming to Beijing this summer vacation. 7. They completely ignore these facts as if they never existed. 8. She worked hard so that everything would be ready by 5 o'clock. 9. He has got no less presents than I did last time. 状语从句一共 _______ 种，分别是： ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】九种；时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、条件、让步、目的、比较状语从句。 时间状语从句 一、常见连接词 【答案】 1. when, while, as 2. before, after, until, since 3. as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, hardly… when…, no sooner…than… 二、when, while 和 as 的区别 1. When I live there, I used to go to the seashore on Sunday. 2. When the film ended, the people went back. 3. He saw a snake while he was digging a hole. 4. Please don’t talk so laud while others are working. 5. As my mother sang the song, tears ran down her cheeks. 6. As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer. 由以上可知，when, while 和 as 的区别为： 1. when: _____________________________________________________________ 2. while: _____________________________________________________________ 3. as: _____________________________________________________________ 二、until 的用法 请尝试翻译下面的句子。 1. 直到老师走进教室，教室才安静下来。 ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The classroom is noisy until the teacher came in. 注意：______________________________________________________________ 【答案】until 表示“直到…某个动作才停止” 【能力提升】 请翻译下面的句子 1. 直到他回到北京，我们才见了面。 ___________________________________________________________________ 2. 直到作出决定，我们才停止了讨论。 ___________________________________________________________________ 3. 直到大家都到这，他才出现。 ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. We hadn’t met each other until he returned to Beijing. 2. We kept discussing until the decision was made. 3. He didn’t show up until everyone was here. 三、hardly…when…, no sooner… than… 用法 1. As soon as we got off the train, we were all excited and attracted by the historic touch. 2. As soon as we entered the park, Tom was attracted by the beautiful scenery. 3. Hardly had we got off the train when we were all excited and attracted by the historic touch. 4. No sooner had we entered the park than Tom was attracted by the beautiful scenery. 比较以上两组句子的不同，可以总结一个固定句式为： ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】hardly/no sooner had sb. done sth. when/than … 【能力提升】 1. It started to rain as soon as the game began. ___________________________________________________________________ 2. The light went out the moment he finished the paper. ___________________________________________________________________ 3. A student came to see me as soon as I went out. ___________________________________________________________________ 4. 我刚刚进屋，就下雨了。 ___________________________________________________________________ 5. 他刚一到，就开始抱怨。 ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. Hardly had the game begun when it started to rain. 2. Hardly had he finished the paper when the light went out. 3. Hardly had I went out when the student came to see me. 4. Hardly had I walked into the house, it started to rain. 5. Hardly had he arrived when he began complaining. 【精讲精练】 1. A man can fail many times, but he isn’t a failure _______ he begins to blame somebody else. A. when B. if C. until D. once 答案：C。根据句意一个人可以失败很多次，但是知道他开始责备别人，他才是一个失败者，应该选 until。 2. "You can’t have this football back _______ you promise not to kick it at my cat again," the old man said firmly. A. because B. since C. when D. until 答案：D。根据句意知道你承诺不会再踢我的猫，你才能拿回你的足球，应选 until。 3. Jim came back early last night. It was not yet eight o’clock _______ he got home. A. before B. that C. when D. until 答案：C。根据句意当他会叫的时候还不到 8 点，应该用 when。 4. The boy was so tired that he fell asleep _______ his mother could take off his clothes. A. before B. after C. while D. when 答案：A。根据句意这个男孩太困了，在他妈妈给他脱衣服之前，就已经睡着了，所以用 when。 5. Friends are angels who lift us to our feet _______ our wings have trouble remembering how to fly. A. unless B. because C. though D. when 答案：D。根据句意，朋友就是一些天使，他们可以在当你忘记如何飞翔的时候，帮你起飞，所以用 when。 地点状语从句 连接词 【答案】where；wherever 【精讲精练】 1. If you are traveling _______ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B. what C. when D. where 答案：D。根据句意，如果你去到一个习俗和你们不一样的地方，请最好入乡随俗，所以用 where。 2. You’d better not leave the medicine _______ kids can get at it. A. even if B. which C. where D. so that 答案：C。根据句意，你最好不要把药房在孩子们可以够到的地方，选 where。 3. Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded _______ other more well-informed experimenters failed. A. which B. where C. what D. that 答案：B。根据句意，虽然他不怎么知道这个领域的很多工作，但是他却在很多熟练的实验员失败的地方成 功了，所以用 where。 【能力提升】 1. 有学校的地方，房价一般比较贵。 ___________________________________________________________________ 2. 有 IPhone 卖的地方，就会有很多人。 ___________________________________________________________________ 3. 我们无论在哪，都有雾霾。 ___________________________________________________________________ 4. 无论你去哪，我都会追你。 ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. House price is normally expensive where there is a school. 2. There are a lot of people where the IPhone is sold. 3. Wherever we are, smog will be around us. 4. Wherever you go, I will follow you. 原因状语从句 一、连接词 【答案】 1. because, as, for, since, now that 2. considering that, seeing that, for the reason that 二、because, as, for, since 区别 1. He was late, because his car broke down halfway. They didn’t show up because they didn’t want to see you. because: _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】用来表示不知道的原因，用 why 提问，只能用 because。 2. Since you know the truth, you should trust me. As we slept late last night, we should sleep early tonight. since/as: _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】表示显而易见的原因。 3. The movie must be over, for people walked out of the cinema. That man should be a star, for a lot of people around him, calling his name. for: _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】表推断，通常来说，后面的可以推出前面的结果。 【精讲精练】 1. _______ you are all back, we’d better start our class right away. A. Even though B. If only C. Now that D. In case 答案：C。根据句意，既然你们都回来了，我们最好马上开始上课了，选 now that。 2. Charlotte assured Tony that they could easily find the baker_______ she was familiar with the area. A. because B. until C. although D. as long as 答案：A。根据句意，Charlotte 向 Tony 保证他们他们可以轻易的找到那个面包师，因为她对这很熟，选 because。 3. Customers keep coming back for more _______ the store charges a lower price of their goods. A. if B. while C. as D. before 答案：C。根据句意，顾客们继续回来买更多的东西，因为这个商店的货物价格比较便宜。 4. _______ Tom has no interest in piano, there is no point pushing him to learn it. A. In case B. Now that C. Even if D. As far as 答案：B。根据句意，既然 Tom 对钢琴不感兴趣，那们逼他学习是没有意义的。 【能力提升】 1. 因为时间还很早，我决定和他一起下象棋。 ___________________________________________________________________ 2. 由于正在下雨,我选择待在在家里 ___________________________________________________________________ 3. 由于所有的座位都满了,他只好站着。 ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. Since it was still early, I decided to play Chinese chess with him. 2. As it was raining, I chose to stay at home. 3. As all the seats were full, he stood up. 【知识拓展】 根据汉语意思补全下面的句子 1. He lost his job because of ______________. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。 2. She doesn't go to school because of ______________. 她没来上学因为她生病了。 3. He arrived late due to ______________. 由于暴风雨他来晚了。 4. That was on account of ______________. 那是由于缺乏锻炼。 【答案】 1. his age 2. her illness. 3. the storm 4. lack of exercise 由上可知： ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】because of, due to, on account of, owing to, thanks to 表示因为时+短语 结果状语从句 一、连接词 【答案】so…that…, such… that… 二、so…that…和 such… that…的区别 1. It’s so good a book that I’ve read it again and again. 2. It’s such a good book that I’ve read it again and again. 3. I was so nervous that I can’t say any words. 4. I was such a nervous person that I can’t say any words. 由上可知： ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】such+名词；so+形容词/副词；当名词前有 many, much, few, little 修饰时，只能用 so 【精讲精练】 1. The teacher told us _______ funny story _______ we all laughed. A. such a;that B. such; that C. so a; that D. so; that 答案：A。后面是 funny story 名词，用 such a。 2. The workers work _______ hard _______ they don’t have a day off even on the weekend. A. too; that B. such; that C. so; that D. as; that 答案：C。句意，工人们工作的非常努力，他们在周末都不想休假，且 hard 为副词，只能用 so…that… 3. When the fire broke out, many people were so _______ that they ran _______. A. frightening; wild B. frightened; wild C. frightened; wildly D. frightening; wildly 答案：B。so 后面加形容词，frightening 表示令人害怕的，frightened 表示害怕的，体现人的状态，所以用 frightened，后面 run 在这里是系动词，表示变成，后面加形容词，所以用 wild。 4. The doctors in ORBIS have done _______ an important job _______ the patients are all grateful to them. A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. as; as 答案：C。句意，在 ORBIS 里的医生们做的如此重要的一个工作，很多病人对他们都非常感激，且 an important job 是名词，选 C。 【能力提升】 1. The boy is_______ young that he can't go to school. 2. He told us _______ funny a story that we all laughed. 3. He has _______ few books to read that he has to borrow some books from the library. 4. It is _______ a tall building that I can't see its top. 5. The girls had _______ a high fever that she nearly died last week. 【答案】 1. so 2. so 3. so 4. such 5. such 出门测 成绩 _______ 一、英译汉 1. since ________________ 2. the moment ________________ 3. wherever ________________ 4. as ________________ 5. so…that… ________________ 6. hardly…when… ________________ 7. for ________________ 8. considering that ________________ 二、单项选择 1. Happiness comes _______ we stop complaining about the troubles we have and offer thanks for all the troubles we don’t have A. before B. when C. though D. unless 2. House prices are usually much higher _______ there are subway stations around. A. where B. unless C. while D. though 3. I wonder whether his hearing is okay _______ he has turned the television up very loud. A. unless B. although C. until D. because 4. —Did you return Fred’s call? —I didn’t need to _______ I’ll see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because 5. This is _______ difficult problem that few students can work it out. A. so B. so a C. such D. such a 6. She found her wallet _______ she parked her car. A. where B. because C. when D. if 一、单项选择 1. We were swimming in the lake _______ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before 2. I like the pop star _______ that I never miss his concert. A. very much B. such much C. quite much D. so much 3. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time _______ Brian get back. 课后作业 A. before B. since C. till D. after 4. I said nothing about it _______ his wife was there. A. since B. so that C. because D. unless 5. How can you expect to get anything _______ you never give? A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when 6. Pop music is such an important part of society _______ it has even influence our language. A. what B. that C. which D. where 7. _______ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as 8. He had a strange hairstyle and he instantly became the focus of attention _______ he stepped into the classroom. A. the moment B. While C. because D. if 9. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _______ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. even if B. for C. in case D. once 10. There is _______ much bird food _______ it can last for two months. A. such, that B. so, that C. such a, that D. so, to 11. I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other _______I left London. A. as B. before C. since D. till 12. I will keep the picture _______ I can see it every day, as it is left by my dear grandfather. A. for the reason that B. until C. when D. where 13. — Mom, what did the doctor say? — He advised me to live _______ the air is fresher. A. where B. since C. when D. for 14. The school was built _______ there had once been a church. A. where B. though C. only if D. once 15. It was quiet _______ those big trucks started coming through the town. A. before B. after C. until D. unless 二、翻译句子 1. 自从 1978 年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 _____________________________________________________________ 2. 我们一到目的地，就开始准备我们的午餐。(hardly…when) _____________________________________________________________ 3. 当我们的校车到达博物馆时，我们下车并排队进入博物馆。 _____________________________________________________________ 4. 当我们走在路上时，我遇到了一个外国人。 _____________________________________________________________ 5. 在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。 _____________________________________________________________ 6. 教堂建在曾一度是罗马神庙的地方。 _____________________________________________________________ 7. 鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。 _____________________________________________________________ 8. 他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。 _____________________________________________________________ 9. 由于你的粗心，我们需要重新做这个任务。 _____________________________________________________________ 10.这是一个如此有意义的活动，我想再体验一次。 _____________________________________________________________ 参考答案 入门测 一、基础知识 1. 表示时态语态的动词；是动作的承受者 2. 修饰名词 3. 宾语；解释说明前面的名词 4. 主+谓；主+系+表；主+谓+间宾+直宾 二、选择适当的词填空 1. but 2. while 3. or 4. so 5. and 6. or 出门测 一、 英译汉 1. 因为 2. 一…就… 3. 无论在哪 4. 因为 5. 如此…以致于 6. 一…就… 7. 因为 8. 鉴于 一、 单项选择 BADDDA 课后作业 一、单项选择 1-5 ADACD 6- 10 BAABB 11-15 CDAAC 二、翻译句子 1. China has experienced a great change since 1978. 2. Hardly had we arrived our destination when we began to prepare our lunch. 3. When our school bus arrived at the Museum, we got off and entered in line. 4. While we were walking down the road, I came across a foreigner. 5. Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible. 6. The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 7. Considering that the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey. 8. He gave such important reasons that he was excused. 9. Due to your carelessness, we need to do the task again. 10. It was such a meaningful activity that I want to experience again.