高考英语易错题解题方法大全-书面表达 11页

考英语易错题解题方法大全：书面表达 一．高考英语书面表达题的特点 从近些年的高考英语书面表达题来看，命题形式趋向多样化，命题角度趋向开放性。书 面表达题旨在测试考生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用学过的英语知识和掌握的技能进 行思想交流。 从历年高考试卷来看，书面表达不同于命题作文，可以随意发挥；也不是简单 的句子翻译。必须做到行文切题，紧扣中心思想，不漏要点，并且意思连贯，文理通顺，语 言准确、得当。 二．写作的基本要求 (1）中心突出，主题明确 （2）层次清楚，条理清晰 （3）表达力强，传情达意 （4）语句通顺，句型多变 （5）过渡自然，衔接紧凑 （6）标点正确，大/小写无误 （7）字迹清楚，卷面整洁 三．方法指导 根据我国英语教学现状——大纲规定词汇的有限、地区差异性大，决定了在写作方面没有 确定很高的的要求，书面表达实质上仍是“指导性写作”。因此一篇比较好的书面表达在体裁、 人称运用正确的基础上必须做到以下四点： ① 写明全部或绝大部分要点 ② 语言基本无误 ③ 行文连贯，表达准确 ④字数符合要求，书写规范、工整 四．写作六步走 1、仔细审题、明确要求 审题目要求 考试时间有限，如果匆忙下笔，写糟了以后再重写，不仅卷面不整洁，而且时间也不允 许。因此，一定要对基本时态和特定要求要审清楚。 审文体要求 根据《高中英语教学大纲》的要求，中学生应掌握的文体形式有记叙文、说明文、议论 文和各种应用文（主要包括书信、日记、通知、便条等）。 2、抓内容要点 一般说，每篇文章有 5 个左右的基本要点，要注意抓全，避免遗漏，同时也要注意要点 的组织和条理化 3、将要点扩展成句 完成该步骤时，一要搞清谓语所表示动作的执行者，选择好主语；二要搞清动作发生的 时间，使用合适的时态；三要根据上下文和自己对题目要求和提示信息的进一步理解增加相 关句子成分，调整某些说法。另外，要做到“用词有疑，另找替代”、“一法不成，另寻他途”， 选择使用自己最熟悉的词语和句型以及自己最有把握的表达方式，以达扬长避短的目的。对 于英语基础好的同学，要尝试变换句式，如强调句、倒装句、感叹句、省略句、各种从句和 固定句型等，长句和短句交错使用。 4、连句成文，过渡自然 完成该步骤时，一要注意前后句之间的过渡要自然。为了使文章在整体上结构严密，浑 然一体，应该在句子与句子之间，甚至段落与段落之间，恰当地使用一些表示并列、递进、 转折、因果等关系的连词或其他过渡性语句；二要根据行文和题目需要再加上一些合适的内 容；三要根据行文，在需要时对短文进行适当分段。 5、查错改错 复读检验，通读全文，看看要点是否齐全，提示的英文词语是否用到，行文是否流畅， 句型、时态、拼写、词的搭配是否正确，大小写和标点是否规范，字数是否符合要求等等。 切忌草率定篇，敷衍了事。 6、誊写 注意保持卷面整洁，书写工整清楚，书写的好坏会直接影响阅卷老师的情绪。卷面不工 整扣 6 分。 五．写作中常用的词语 并列 and; as well as ; also; 选择 or; either—or; or else; otherwise 原因 because ; owing to; due to ;on account of ; thanks to 结果 so ; therefore ; thus ; as a result 时间 when ;soon after ; before; later ; first ; and then ; next ; finally; afterwards. 比较 on the contrary ; on the other hand ; like 转折 but ; yet; however ; although; in spite of ; instead ; 递进 besides ; moreover ; even ; in addition 举例 for example/instance; such as ; that is ; 总结 after all ; in short ; in general ; generally speaking， in all, in a word 逻辑角度 合适的过渡性词汇 时间顺序 first, second, then, finally/at last , soon immediately, suddenly 空间顺序 here, there, on one side…on the other side, in front of, at the back of, next to 对称顺序 for one thing, for the other thing, on one hand,on the other hand 转折顺序 but, however, while, though, otherwise 因果顺序 because, since, as, thanks to, as a result (of) 条件顺序 as long as, so long as, on condition that, if, unless 让步顺序 though, as, even if/though, whether, who (what, when, where)ever 递进顺序 what’s more, besides, to make the matter worse, what’s worse 过渡性插入语 I think, I’m afraid, you know, As we all know 文章及段落起始的过渡词： To begin with To begin with, I’d like to express my thanks to you. Generally speaking Generally speaking, the more you practice, the more skillfully you can write in English. First of all First of all, doing exercise every day is important in keeping fit. 文章及段落结尾的过渡词语： Therefore, thus Therefore (thus),it takes longer time to communicate in written English than in oral English. In conclusion In conclusion, the international agreement should be made to prevent the world from the war In brief In brief, birth control is very important in China. In a word In a word, country life is more beautiful than city life. 六．巧妙转换句型，轻松应对写作 在高考英语写作题中，由于时间的限制，许多考生写出的句子显得过于单调、呆板。其 实，要想在有限的时间里写出丰富、生动的句子并不难。只要对所学的英语句式加以转换， 就一定能使写出来的句子更加准确、得体、简洁、灵活。 1、词与词之间的转换 1). 形容词转换为名词 This painting is very valuable. This painting is of great value. 2). 动词转换为名词 Our hometown has changed a lot these years. Great changes have taken place in my hometown these years. 2、词与从句的转换 As he was tired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move on Tired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move on. 3、非谓语动词与从句之间的转换 1). 动名词和从句的转换 When he arrives, please give me an e-mail. On hearing his arrival, please give me an e-mail. 2). 分词和从句的转换 A. 现在分词与从句的转换 As he was lying in the grass, he thought of his parents living in the countryside. Lying in the grass, he thought of his parents living in the countryside. B. 过去分词与从句的转换 Once it is seen, it will never be forgotten. Once seen, it will never be forgotten 3). 不定式与从句的转换 He spoke louder so that the audience could hear him clearly. To make himself heard clearly, he spoke louder. 4、独立主格与从句的转换 If weather permits, we shall go there on foot. Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot.（逻辑主语+现在分词） If everything is considered, his plan seems to be more workable. Everything taken into consideration, his plan seems to be more workable. （逻辑主语+过去分词） When this was done, we went home. This done, we went home. Given good luck, I will earn more money than all of you. Good luck given, I will earn more money than all of you. Because there was nothing to do, we played games. There being nothing to do, we played games.(being 不可省略) 5、句与句之间的转换 1). 简单句与复合句的转换 The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written. The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of. 2). 一般句式与强调句的转换 I graduated from the university last summer. It was last summer that I graduated from the university. 3). 条件句与祈使句的转换 If you go through the gate, you will find the entrance to Bear Country. Go through the gate, and you will find the entrance to Bear Country. 4). 宾语从句与状语从句的转换 I won't believe what he says. No matter what he says, I won't believe him. 6、“二态”之间的转换 1). 时态的转换 The bell is ringing now. There goes the bell. 2). 主动语态变为被动语态 People suggested that the meeting be put off. It is suggested that the meeting be put off. 7、其他形式的转换 1). 正常语序与倒装语序的转换 Though I'm weak I will make the effort. Weak as I am, I will make the effort. They will never give up the struggle for success Never will they give up the struggle for success. 2). 陈述语气与虚拟语气的转换 The ship didn't sink with all on board because there were the efforts of the captain. But for the efforts of the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board. 六．冲刺训练 【示例 1】观点型作文 近期某网站就央视台标是否应由英文缩写 CCTV 改成汉字标识问题对网民进行了调查，结果 赞成修改的占 70%，反对的占 30%。请用英文写一篇短文：介绍该结果，解析赞成好反对的理 由，并谈谈自己的观点，以便在某英文网站“current Issues”专栏上。 注意：1. 词数：120—150. 2. 第一段已经给出，不计入总词数 One possible version: Recently a website has made a survey among netizens on whether CCTV should change its logo. The results are as follows. Seventy percent of those interviewed say the logo should be changed. They argued that while China is becoming more and more powerful economically, it lacks the so-called “soft power”: the ability to influence the world by its culture. As China’s No.1 TV station, China Central TV Station has the responsibility to take the lead in developing China’s soft power. Changing the logo into a Chinese one would to some extent help raise international viewers’ awareness of the Chinese culture. In contrast, only 30% of the interviewees are against a change, maintaining the logo has been used for decades and is already a familiar symbol for the station’s identity. A change would no doubt cause confusion, at least temporarily. Personally, I would take the side of the minority. A logo is just a logo. There is much more to do to develop China’s soft power. So why bother? 【写作指导】： 正反观点型作文是高考训练的常见题型，平时多积累一些相关词汇、短语和句型对于 备考很有帮助。例如： 支持 赞成 be in favor of/ be for/ approve of 反对 be against/ disagree/disapprove of 优点 advantages 缺点 disadvantages/ shortcomings/drawbacks . 常见句型： Different people have different ideas/opinions/views on… There are different ideas about …, Some people hold the idea/opinion that …, Each coin has two sides. On (the) one hand; on the other hand… In my opinion, As far as I’m concerned, From my point of view, 【练习 1】 看电影可去电影院，也可在家看影碟，请根据下表内容和标题写一篇英语短文，对二者进 行比较： 去电影院 在家看影碟 1.人多拥挤 1.安静自在； 2.有人谈论电影不安静； 3.忍耐吃爆米花的气味和噪杂的声音等； 4.门票较贵。 2.饮食随意，不会扰人，也无人打扰； 3.不担心时间，不会迟到；租影碟费用较低。 注意：1.100 词左右 2.标题已经给出 3.可以适当增加内容，以是文章通畅。 参考范文： Watching a movie? Home better than cinema? There are two ways to see films. One is to go to a cinema, and the other is to see DVDs at home. They each have their advantages and disadvantages. Seeing films in the cinema costs much. Besides, the cinema is usually crowded and noisy. Some audience like talking loudly with one another while seeing the film, and the noise of eating popcorn and the smell in the cinema is especially hard to bear. However, when you see films at home, it is quiet, easy and convenient. You may eat anything without disturbing others or being disturbed. In addition, the rent of DVDs is cheaper than the ticket. Comparing the two choices, I think the latter is better than the former. 【示例 2】社会热点型 “三鹿奶粉事件”吵得沸沸扬扬。经相关部门调查，发现三鹿牌婴幼儿配方奶粉里有一种 对婴儿有害的物质三聚氢胺。到目前为止，奶粉污染事件已导致 4 名婴儿死亡，约 5，4000 名婴儿染病。假如你是一名记者，请你对这一事件做一下简要介绍并发表自己今后对如何确 保食品安全的看法。字数 120 左右。 One possible version： Recently，the incident of Sanlu milk powder has become the focus of people's attention. According to the investigation of related departments，the powder was found to contain a chemical called C3N6H6 which can cause great damage to infants' health. So far，four children have died and approximately 54，000 have developed illness after drinking the milk. From this incident，we can see that there are still more things to be done. Firstly，the government needs everything possible to ensure the quality of products，particularly the safety of food as this concerns everyone's life. Secondly，as for the producers，it is very important for them to be morally honest. They should never try to pursue profit or economic growth at the expense of health and life of people. Thirdly，we consumers must attach importance to the things we eat and develop an awareness of how to protect our legal rights if cheated. Only in this way will we be able to build a more secure and harmonious society. 【写作指导】 对于社会热点型作文，平时要求考生多关注时事，了解社会热点问题，积累与现实生活 联系密切的词汇。另外，考生还应该有一定的逻辑思维能力和判断能力，能够透过现象看本 质，善于发掘现象背后的本质问题，能够上升到一定的理论高度。写作当中，首先应该简单 描述现象，然后解析形成这种现象的原因，最后从自己的角度出发发表观点或提出解决这种 现象的对策。 【练习 2】 当前出现一种现象, 有些大学一年级学生申请休学一年到公司打工, 目的是了解社会所 需, 使以后的学习目标明确；再者因有工作经历, 有利于将来找到理想的工作。作为一名高中 生, 你对此有何感想？请用 120—150 词叙述一下这种现象, 并谈谈你的看法。 注意：休学 suspend one’s schooling , 大学一年级学生 freshman One possible version； Nowadays some freshmen are applying to suspend their schooling for one year. They want to make the best use of the time to find jobs in the companies. Through practice they will get to know the society better, which will certainly helps them study with a clear aim and improve their abilities in the university? On the other hand, it is easier for them to find jobs after graduation because of their experience. In my opinion, what they do really helps them make up for the failing that they lack social experience and they don’t know what society requires. It is in this way that they are quite sure what they will do in university to meet the society’s need. As a senior student, I think we should take part in some practical activities besides learning in school in order to know the society better and inspire our studies. 【示例 3】图画图表型 简要描述图片内容, 结合生活实际, 就图片的主题（A girl is learning how to ride a bike.）谈谈自己的感想。 词数：120—150。 One possible version: There are four people in the picture. A girl is learning how to ride a bike. Her parents and her grandmother, being afraid that she might fall off the bike, are trying hard to support her. The mother is even carrying a first – aid box. But with them around her, the girl finds it very difficult to learn. So she tells them to let her ride it by herself. In our real life, we can see something like that happening everywhere. Parents love their children too much. They take care of everything for them. They don’t want them to take any risks. However, by doing so, the parents actually hinder their children from growing up strong and healthy. Parents should know that trees can’t grow big and strong in a greenhouse. 【写作指导】 图画图表型作文也是高考中常考题型之一，这种题型更能考查学生的分析问题的能力， 因此深受命题者的青睐。考生应注意认真审题，一旦审题有所偏颇，不容易得到高分。此类 作文首先要描述图画或图表，然后介绍图画或图表背后所反映的问题，最后联系实际发表自 己的观点。 【练习 3】 请根据下面曲线图（graph）“The Number of Car Accidents in 2004”，写一篇文章。 注意： 1. 描述 2004 年不同月份汽车事故分布（distribution）及总趋势； 2. 描述汽车事故的可能原因及对策； 3. 词数：100 左右。 参考词汇：高峰 peak；多雨的日子 rainy days One possible version: From the graph, we can see that there are two peaks in car accidents in 2004. One was in March with the number of car accidents 35. The other was in August with the number of accidents 42, which was the highest point on the distribution line. Since August, the number of car accidents had decreased till it reached the lowest point of this year in December. The two peaks occurred in spring and summer, the two seasons which had most of the year’s rain. Driving lends to be more dangerous on rainy days. Maybe the weather is the most important reason for car accidents. Be careful when you driving a car on rainy days.