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精编(精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案

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‎(精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案 ‎(精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案 ‎(精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案 ‎(精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案 ‎(精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案 ‎(精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案 ‎(精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案 ‎(精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案 ‎(精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案 ‎(精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案 ‎(精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案 ‎(精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案 ‎(精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案 ‎(精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案 ‎(精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案 ‎ (精华版)国家开放大学电大本科《高级英语(1)》《社会学概论》形考网络课网考作业(合集)答案 《高级英语(1)》形考网络课答案 形考任务1 题目1 At the moment, I _________ lots of new friends. 选择一项:D. 'm making 题目2 People often ____ a club to make new friends. 选择一项:A. join 题目3 I phoned them last night but no one answered. They _________ (be) out. 选择一项:C. must have been 题目4 He _____ be hungry – he's just had lunch. 选择一项:D. can't 题目5 The best game to buy is _____ Alien Control 3 or Virtual History. 选择一项:B. either 题目6 We only had ______ before the final. 选择一项:B. three days' rest 题目7 I ___ buying her a cookery book for her birthday. 选择一项:D. thought about 题目8 This is probably the dead __________wallet. 选择一项:D. soldier's 题目9 ___ the band ___ at the Rock Garden before? 选择一项:C. Has … played 题目10 They ___ which record company to sign a deal with. 选择一项:A. haven't decided 题目11 When he crashed the car, he _____ six bottles of beer. 选择一项:C. had drunk 题目12 When her brother was in prison, she ___ him every month. 选择一项:C. visited 题目13 You ___ buy a season ticket but a daily ticket is more expensive. 选择一项:C. don't have to 题目14 You ____ tell anyone – it's a secret! 选择一项:C. mustn't 题目15 Hurry up! They _________ a group meeting in Room 6 soon. 选择一项:B. are having 题目16 Mrs. Porter's heart is very weak and she is very ill. The doctors say she ___ die soon. 选择一项:B. 's going to 题目17 The motel___by the Lewis family in the 1950s. 选择一项:D. was started 题目18 Today, the motel___by members of the same family. 选择一项:C. is managed 题目19 She told me that she___a car since 1990. 选择一项:D. hadn't driven 题目20 Darren said , “I don't know how it happened.” Darren said (that)_______________.(变成间接引语)选择一项:B. he didn't know how it had happened 题目1 _________ you _________ the supporters club's Internet address? 选择一项:A. Do … know 题目2 He always _________ the club's newsletter. 选择一项:B. writes 题目3 You ____ have seen her at the station – she was at home with me! 选择一项:B. couldn't 题目4 He _____ be hungry – he's just had lunch. 选择一项:B. can't 题目5 The game is complex so you need ___ patience to learn it. 选择一项:A. some 题目6 _____ people prefer reality to the virtual world. 选择一项:D. Most 题目7 We ___ to buy some drinks before we get on the train. 选择一项:A. need 题目8 You ___ make a cake for his birthday. 选择一项:B. should 题目9 They ___ together for ten months. 选择一项:A. have been playing 题目10 Critical Age ___ in Japan yet. 选择一项:B. haven't played 题目11 I ___ with friends when someone stole their car. 选择一项:C. was staying 题目12 When the judge returned to the courtroom, everyone immediately _____ up. 选择一项:C. stood 题目13 Hey girls, ____ you make us some sandwiches? 选择一项:A. can 题目14 We ___ forget it's Dad's 50th birthday next month. 选择一项:B. mustn't 题目15 Let's not take the children to the science museum – I think they probably ___ enjoy it. 选择一项:C. won't 题目16 I think computers ____ become more intelligent than humans. I'm sure of it. 选择一项:C. will definitely 题目17 The wigwams___from cloth or animal skins. 选择一项:A. aren't made 题目18 The Wigwam Motel, Arizona ___of Native American tents. 选择一项:B. is made 题目19 Darren said , “I don't know how it happened.” Darren said (that)_______________.(变成间接引语)选择一项:C. he didn't know how it had happened 题目20 Kelly said, “I've never seen anything like that.” Kelly said (that) ________________________.(变成间接引语)选择一项:C. she had never seen anything like that 题目1 The club's committee members _________ a lot at the moment. 选择一项:B. are arguing 题目2 People often ____ a club to make new friends. 选择一项:A. join 题目3 You ____ have seen her at the station – she was at home with me! 选择一项:D. couldn't 题目4 I phoned them last night but no one answered. They _________ (be) out. 选择一项:A. must have been 题目5 There are ___ Virtual History games available in the shop. 选择一项:D. a few 题目6 _____ people prefer reality to the virtual world. 选择一项:D. Most 题目7 He asked her__________ a degree. 选择一项:C. if she had 题目8 We ___ to buy some drinks before we get on the train. 选择一项:A. need 题目9 Colin ___ the bass guitarist since Brian left. 选择一项:C. has been 题目10 ___ the band ___ at the Rock Garden before? 选择一项:B. Has … played 题目11 The police asked me where I ___ the night before. 选择一项:D. had slept 题目12 When the judge returned to the courtroom, everyone immediately _____ up. 选择一项:C. stood 题目13 You ___ buy a season ticket but a daily ticket is more expensive. 选择一项:B. don't have to 题目14 We ___ forget it's Dad's 50th birthday next month. 选择一项:A. mustn't 题目15 I think computers ____ become more intelligent than humans. I'm sure of it. 选择一项:C. will definitely 题目16 Mrs. Porter's heart is very weak and she is very ill. The doctors say she ___ die soon. 选择一项:C. 's going to 题目17 Between the 1930s and 50s, several wigwam motels ___in the US. 选择一项:A. were built 题目18 The Wigwam Motel, Arizona ___of Native American tents. 选择一项:B. is made 题目19 Kelly said, “I've never seen anything like that.” Kelly said (that) ________________________.(变成间接引语)选择一项:A. she had never seen anything like that 题目20 She told me that she___a car since 1990. 选择一项:B. hadn't driven 题目1 People often ____ a club to make new friends. 选择一项:B. join 题目2 The club's committee members _________ a lot at the moment. 选择一项:D. are arguing 题目3 I phoned them last night but no one answered. They _________ (be) out. 选择一项:C. must have been 题目4 He _____ be hungry – he's just had lunch. 选择一项:B. can't 题目5 The game is complex so you need ___ patience to learn it. 选择一项:C. some 题目6 There are ___ Virtual History games available in the shop. 选择一项:D. a few 题目7 You ___ make a cake for his birthday. 选择一项:C. should 题目8 This is probably the dead __________wallet. 选择一项:B. soldier's 题目9 They ___ together for ten months. 选择一项:A. have been playing 题目10 Colin ___ the bass guitarist since Brian left. 选择一项:B. has been 题目11 The police asked me where I ___ the night before. 选择一项:C. had slept 题目12 When the judge returned to the courtroom, everyone immediately _____ up. 选择一项:A. stood 题目13 We ___ forget it's Dad's 50th birthday next month. 选择一项:C. mustn't 题目14 You ___ buy a season ticket but a daily ticket is more expensive. 选择一项:D. don't have to 题目15 Hurry up! They _________ a group meeting in Room 6 soon. 选择一项:A. are having 题目16 I think computers ____ become more intelligent than humans. I'm sure of it. 选择一项:D. will definitely 题目17 Today, the motel___by members of the same family. 选择一项:D. is managed 题目18 Between the 1930s and 50s, several wigwam motels ___in the US. 选择一项:A. were built 题目19 She told me that she___a car since 1990. 选择一项:D. hadn't driven 题目20 Kelly said, “I've never seen anything like that.” Kelly said (that) ________________________.(变成间接引语)选择一项:B. she had never seen anything like that 题目1 At the moment, I _________ lots of new friends. 选择一项:D. 'm making 题目2 _________ you _________ the supporters club's Internet address? 选择一项:B. Do … know 题目3 You ____ have seen her at the station – she was at home with me! 选择一项:B. couldn't 题目4 He _____ be hungry – he's just had lunch. 选择一项:D. can't 题目5 _____ people prefer reality to the virtual world. 选择一项:B. Most 题目6 The best game to buy is _____ Alien Control 3 or Virtual History. 选择一项:A. either 题目7 I ___ buying her a cookery book for her birthday. 选择一项:B. thought about 题目8 He asked her__________ a degree. 选择一项:B. if she had 题目9 Critical Age ___ in Japan yet. 选择一项:D. haven't played 题目10 ___ the band ___ at the Rock Garden before? 选择一项:C. Has … played 题目11 When he crashed the car, he _____ six bottles of beer. 选择一项:A. had drunk 题目12 When her brother was in prison, she ___ him every month. 选择一项:A. visited 题目13 Hey girls, ____ you make us some sandwiches? 选择一项:C. can 题目14 You ____ tell anyone – it's a secret! 选择一项:B. mustn't 题目15 Mrs. Porter's heart is very weak and she is very ill. The doctors say she ___ die soon. 选择一项:A. 's going to 题目16 Let's not take the children to the science museum – I think they probably ___ enjoy it. 选择一项:C. won't 题目17 The Wigwam Motel, Arizona ___of Native American tents. 选择一项:D. is made 题目18 The wigwams___from cloth or animal skins. 选择一项:D. aren't made 题目19 Darren said , “I don't know how it happened.” Darren said (that)_______________.(变成间接引语)选择一项:B. he didn't know how it had happened 题目20 Kelly said, “I've never seen anything like that.” Kelly said (that) ________________________.(变成间接引语)选择一项:A. she had never seen anything like that 题目1 He always _________ the club's newsletter. 选择一项:D. writes 题目2 _________ you _________ the supporters club's Internet address? 选择一项:B. Do … know 题目3 You ____ have seen her at the station – she was at home with me! 选择一项:D. couldn't 题目4 I phoned them last night but no one answered. They _________ (be) out. 选择一项:A. must have been 题目5 We only had ______ before the final. 选择一项:A. three days' rest 题目6 There are ___ Virtual History games available in the shop. 选择一项:D. a few 题目7 We ___ to buy some drinks before we get on the train. 选择一项:B. need 题目8 He asked her__________ a degree. 选择一项:A. if she had 题目9 They ___ which record company to sign a deal with. 选择一项:A. haven't decided 题目10 Colin ___ the bass guitarist since Brian left. 选择一项:B. has been 题目11 I ___ with friends when someone stole their car. 选择一项:D. was staying 题目12 When her brother was in prison, she ___ him every month. 选择一项:D. visited 题目13 Hey girls, ____ you make us some sandwiches? 选择一项:B. can 题目14 We ___ forget it's Dad's 50th birthday next month. 选择一项:A. mustn't 题目15 Hurry up! They _________ a group meeting in Room 6 soon. 选择一项:A. are having 题目16 Let's not take the children to the science museum – I think they probably ___ enjoy it. 选择一项:D. won't 题目17 The motel___by the Lewis family in the 1950s. 选择一项:C. was started 题目18 The Wigwam Motel, Arizona ___of Native American tents. 选择一项:C. is made 题目19 Darren said , “I don't know how it happened.” Darren said (that)_______________.(变成间接引语)选择一项:A. he didn't know how it had happened 题目20 She told me that she___a car since 1990. 选择一项:C. hadn't driven 形考任务2 请同学们从以下口语交流任务中,选择一个口语任务,按照要求在自己的手机或者电脑上进行录音,然后将录制好的音频文件上传到课程平台。辅导教师根据口语任务的完成质量,给予相应分数。 口语交流任务:1.Is it a waste of time and money to be fashionable? Record your opinions on the topic and justify them with the phrases you learned in Unit 1. (Unit 1/ Speaking and listening—Youth groups.) 2.A 15-year-old boy bullied other children and stole their money and valuables. He insulted teachers and tried to burn down the school. As a result, he was suspended for three weeks. Do you agree or disagree on the punishment given to him? Record your opinions. ( Unit 3 /Speaking and Listening—Guilty!) 3.Prepare a presentation on the topic: How will global warming change the way we live in the future? Give at least 3 points in your presentation. (Unit 5/ Speaking and listening--Presentation) 4.What animals do you like best? Why? Record the reasons you like the animal. Eg. I prefer cats – I think they’re very independent; they always do what they want. (Unit 6 /Grammar and reading--Those crazy humans!)5. After reading the text, do you agree the octopus is the wisest/most intelligent animal? Can you give us some reasons in your recording? (Unit 6 /Reading and vocabulary—As intelligent as…)6. Imagine that you work as a personal coach, and you meet someone who is having problems keeping up with English lessons? What advice would you give him or her? Try to record at least three pieces of advice. (Unit 7 /Speaking and Listening—Be a social success) 7.Suppose you work for Orraway. Introduce two activities you like most to a customer. Record your introduction and reasons (Unit 8 /Reading –Orraway Adventure) 8. Nowadays young people start their first job at a much later age than their parents did. Think about the reasons, the advantages and disadvantages of this? Then record a short presentation on the topic. ( Unit 9/Reading and vocabulary—Where 2 Now) 9. In which situations do you spend a lot of time getting your appearance right before you go out? Record your answer. (Unit 11/Grammar and Reading—Beauty through the ages) 提示:本任务可通过在线文字转语音网站()进行英语转语音,完成后点击下载即可。最后把合成后的mp3文件上传到任务二当中。 形考任务3 请同学们从以下写作任务中,选择一个写作任务,按照要求在自己的电脑上进行写作,然后将写好的内容上传到课程平台。辅导教师根据写作任务的完成质量,给予相应分数。 写作任务:Choose a fashion or style that is popular with a group of people in our country. Write a description of about 200–250 words. Paragraph 1:Mention the clothes, accessories and make-up they usually wear. Paragraph 2:Mention the kind of music they listen to. Paragraph 3:Mention how they typically spend their free time. (Unit 1 /Vocabulary and Writing—fashion trends) Write a letter to a friend with some personal news. Hints : ‎ ‎ Note down a) the most important things that have happened in your life recently, b) what you want to find out about your friend’s life. Organize your notes into paragraphs. Use vocabulary from Letter C. Write a first draft and then give it to a classmate to check it for errors. Write the finished version of your letter. ( Unit 2 / Writing---Personal Letters) 3.Talk about an anti-social behavior(反社会行为) that you dislike the most. You may use the words just learned. Here are some tips for you to follow: (1) what is the behavior? (2)what are the harms it may cause to individuals and the society? (3) what do you think can be done to prevent it? (Unit 3 / Vocabulary—Crimes vs. Justice / vocabulary) 4. “Adolescence is the unhappiest time in most people’s lives.” Write an essay giving arguments for and against this statement and also state your own opinion. ( Unit 4/ Writing— ‘Girls and boys should be taught in separate schools.’—for and against essay) 5.Now write your own opinion essay:It is wrong to kill animals for their fur. Do you agree? Use Train Your Brain and the prompts below to help you. Paragraph 2: My point of view First of all…; Moreover/Furthermore … ; Above all … Paragraph 3: Arguments my opponents might use…: Firstly…; Next/Secondly …; Why I disagree with these arguments However, in my opinion … (Unit 6 /Writing---Opinion essay) 6.Describe one of famous tourist resorts you know well in China. Remember to: ·include the background information describe the good points and bad points about it make a list of things to see and do there (Unit 8 / Writing—Describing places) Write a story of about 200–250 words which ends with the sentence ‘That was the last time he/she ever saw them.’ Use these ideas and to help you. Think of a situation where someone might feel relieved, shocked or disappointed to stop seeing a group of people. Why did the characters not see each other again? Think of your characters’ ages. Are they your age, younger or older? Think of the period in history and the place of your story. Think of the best style or format for your story and decide how you want to begin the story: a)dialogue (direct speech); b)a description of a person c)the history of what had happened before the main part of the story d)a background description of a place, the weather etc e)a dramatic event which is key to the story (Unit 10 / Writing-Make up a story) 8.Read Tips for Describing Appearances below, and try to describe somebody you like very much. Write a description of him/her using at least four sentences. (Unit 11 / Speaking and Vocabulary—Describing appearance) 9.Please write a review of a film you have watched recently. (Unit 12 / Vocabulary and Writing—Writing a Film Review) 10.Rewrite James’s letter to make it more appropriate. Use your answers to Exercise 5 and Train Your Brain to help you. (Unit 14 / Vocabulary and Writing—Writing a Letter of Complaints) 答案如下:(新建一个word文档,把下面文字复制到新建的文档中,最后把该文档上到任务三中)Unit 1 fashion trends Fashion trends Now young people like Korean clothes, The rise of Korean fashion culture lights up the whole Asian fashion circle. Korean people have a thorough analysis of the popularity of Europe and the United States, and can quickly digest into the most suitable Asian appearance. It's easy to understand and cheap, so that distinctive labels can be pasted all over the world. Less and less fashion is not suitable for Asians. We should also thank Korean fashion culture for this. The rise of Korean fashion culture lights up the whole Asian fashion circle. Korean people have a thorough analysis of the popularity of Europe and the United States, and can quickly digest into the most suitable Asian appearance. It's easy to understand and cheap, so that distinctive labels can be pasted all over the world. Less and less fashion is not suitable for Asians. We should also thank Korean fashion culture for this. In short, wearing Korean clothes has become a fashion . 《社会学概论》形考网络课答案 形考任务1 主题讨论:留守儿童问题的社会学分析 在我国快速的社会转型和城市化进程中,人口流动日益频繁,越来越多的青壮年农民进城务工,在广大农村也随之产生了一个特殊的未成年人群体——留守儿童。根据《中国2010年第六次人口普查》样本数据来推算,全国有留守儿童6102.55万。留守儿童中普遍存在着学业失教、情感失落等一系列问题,引起了社会各界对这个群体的关注,妥善解决留守儿童问题已经刻不容缓。请点击观看凤凰大视野童年——中国农村留守儿童实录和视频贵州山区留守儿童真实生活,然后,从社会学的角度对留守儿童问题进行分析讨论。 ‎ ‎ 社会学视野下的农村留守儿童问题探析 一、留守儿童问题产生的背景及其心理发展现状 留守儿童是指农村地区因父母或单方长期在外打工而被交由父母单方或祖辈、他人来抚养、教育和管理的儿童。根据权威调查,中国农村目前“留守儿童”数量超过了5800万人。57.2%的留守儿童是父母一方外出,42.8%的留守儿童是父母同时外出。留守儿童中的79.7%由爷爷、奶奶或外公、外婆抚养,13%的孩子被托付给亲戚、朋友,7.3%为不确定或无人监护。随着经济和社会的发展,随着城市化进度的进一步加快,在相当长的时期内,“留守儿童”的队伍不仅不会缩小,而且必将进一步扩大。这支规模庞大的“留守儿童”队伍中的很多孩子, 因为家庭生活和教育的缺陷,健康和安全难以得到保证,无法享受到同龄孩子的花季、雨季,有的留守儿童从小就染上了诸多不良的社会风气,有的则因心理长期压抑而导致了行为的偏差或性格的扭曲,部分则成为让人难以置信的一系列恶劣事件的主谋者或被害人。 二、社会化程度影响留守儿童心理发展 (一)留守儿童社会化的概念 个体社会化是个体在社会环境影响下,认识和掌握社会事物、社会标准的过程,通过与社会的互动,学习知识、价值、技能、动机和适合他们在群体或社会中的地位和角色的过程,个体能够根据社会规范来控制和调整自己的行为,适应社会生活,得以独立地参加社会活动。 ‎ ‎ (二)从个体社会化的内容看留守儿童的心理发展 哈维格斯特在《人类发展》中将人的一生分为六个阶段,其中,在儿童期,通过游戏学习一些动作技能,学习与同伴建立良好的关系,学习文化知识,发展道德感。顺利完成这些早期社会化的任务,其实也是完成该阶段心理发展的社会任务,需要留守儿童有一个积极的社会化行为, 三、社会环境影响留守儿童心理发展 留守儿童心理发展会受到多种因素的影响,人类行为与社会环境一书中认为,行为是个人生理、心理和社会环境综合因素下的结果,笔者认为,留儿童心理发展出现偏差与其处的社会环境有很大的联系。从宏观上看,社会环境涵盖了家庭、学校、同辈群体、宗教社团、社区环境、传播媒介等所有的组织机构。留守儿童作为社会化的主体,其社会化的效果受社会环境的影响,不理想的心理特征与社会环境息息相关。 ‎ ‎ (一)家庭功能影响留守儿童的心理发展 家庭教育作为儿童成长过程中的第一课,它的成功与否直接关系到儿童今后心理的发展。埃里克森把人格发展分为八个阶段,其中前五个阶段都是在儿童时期完成的,人格与心理相通,健康的人格有益于心理的健康,可见儿童时期是多么重要的一个阶段。而人格和心理的形成离不开家庭,家庭是儿童时期最重要的社会化机构,家庭功能的完整,无形之中使儿童完成社会化要求时拥有亲情力量的支持与指导,社会任务的完成作用下的心理反应也是积极的。 (二)同龄群体在社会交往中影响留守儿童的心理发展 同辈群体是个体社会化的一个重要因素,对留守儿童心理发展来说,影响尤为显著。儿童正处于心理上的“断乳期”,他们日益力图独立,都喜欢与同辈在一起而不是父母。据调查发现,70%以上的儿童遇到困难而心理烦恼时,不是首先与父母商量,而是与同伴商量(包括异性朋友)。 (3)学校在教育过程中影响留守儿童的心理发展 学校是家庭之外的最主要的社会化主体。学校的角色在于将儿童统一起来接受国家的正规教育,同时承担了儿童成年前的社会化职责。学校侧重在校时段的教学管理,对留守儿童的心理关爱难以顾及,与家长的沟通难以实现,对那些“问题儿童”难以管理。学习过程有利于儿童的心理发展,在掌握学习的知识的过程中,留守儿童不但心理活动的内容有了改变,而且各种心理过程也起了变化,但是有的学校注重对学习成绩好的学生的关心,而对成绩差或一般的学生态度冷淡,有的学校教育无效时干脆放任不管,一推了之。 ‎ ‎ (4)大众传媒传递的信息影响留守儿童的心理发展 大众传媒包括广播、电视、报纸、杂志、书籍和网络媒体等,在现代社会中对留守儿童的身心成长发生重要影响。一方面,留守儿童大多性格孤僻,对人和事物多表现出消极和冷漠的态度,于是往往迷恋媒介交流,通过频繁和长时间使用媒介来寻求精神上的慰藉和满足。久而久之,对媒介信息产生依赖的心理,越来越远离现实社会,加上缺少监督和有效的引导,他们最后迷恋上了媒介所建构的虚幻世界而无法自拔,失去与社会的正常互动,这将加深孤僻、自卑等心理问题。另一方面,随着农村经济的发展,大众传播媒介在农村普遍化,留守儿童得以大范围地接触形形色色的信息。在大众传播媒介商品化下,媒体为了提高收视率,刻意制造刺激性内容,如时髦、早恋、打斗、凶杀、网游等。 形考任务2 一、单选题 题目1 在《新教伦理与资本主义精神》中,( )探讨了理性资本主义如何在西方基督教世界兴起的问题。 选择一项:B. 韦伯 题目2 帕森斯是( )的代表人物。 选择一项:C. 结构功能主义理论 题目3 法国著名社会学家( )是经典社会学理论中实证主义传统的集大成者。 选择一项:D. 涂尔干 题目4 社会学家( )指出,“社会学的想象力可以让我们理解历史与个人的生活历程,以及两者在社会中的联系”。 选择一项:B. 米尔斯 题目5 在社会学奠基时期,孔德、涂尔干的研究传统与韦伯的研究传统开辟出两个相当不同的社会研究路向。一个路向是实证主义方法论,另一个路向是( )。 ‎ ‎ 选择一项:D. 反实证主义方法论 题目6 晚辈向长辈传授知识被称为( )。 选择一项:B. 逆向社会化 题目7 由于原来的社会化失败或已不再适用,需要重新学习社会的价值和行为规范的过程被称为( )。 选择一项:A. 再社会化 题目8 一人身兼数职、顾此失彼、疲惫不堪的处境是( )的表现。 选择一项:D. 角色冲突 题目9 ( )的思想是由库利提出的。 选择一项:C. 镜中我 题目10 一个人前后相继所承担的两种角色之间产生矛盾的现象称为( )。这种现象的发生是由于人们在承担前一角色时并没有为后一阶段所要承担的角色做好准备;或者因为前一角色所具有的一套行为规范与后来的新角色的行为规范存在直接冲突。 选择一项:C. 角色中断 题目11 ( )的代表人物是美国社会学家戈夫曼。 选择一项:A. 拟剧理论 题目12 从( )角度出发可以将社会关系划分为血缘关系、地缘关系和业缘关系。 选择一项:C. 关系建立的基础 题目13 根据社会关系的目的,可以将社会关系划分为工具性关系和( )。 ‎ ‎ 选择一项:C. 人际性关系 题目14 ( )是指社会中的各个组成要素及其要素之间持久的、稳定的相互关联的模式。 选择一项:C. 社会结构 题目15 ( )是个人拥有的表现为社会结构资源的资本,处于这种结构内部的个人行动者可以从中得到包括规范、信任和网络等各种形式的便利。 选择一项:B. 社会资本 题目16 把社会群体分为内群体与外群体,是根据( )的标准。 选择一项:A. 归属感 题目17 家庭中的传统功能,即( ),在城市家庭中已基本丧失。 选择一项:B. 生产功能 题目18 ( )是指群体内部成员间相互熟悉、相互了解,具有密切的人际关系和浓厚的感情色彩的群体。 选择一项:A. 初级群体 题目19 将( )理论运用到家庭社会学的研究中,就是把家庭视为社会系统的一个组成部分,它可以在生理上、心理上满足其成员的需求,同时也可以维护社会现存结构。 选择一项:C. 结构功能 题目20 ( )是由父母及未婚子女组成的家庭。 选择一项:D. 核心家庭 题目21 提出中层理论的社会学家是( )。 选择一项:C. 默顿 题目22 如果某种社会制度无法满足特定的社会需求、带来社会冲突的制度后果,我们称其为社会制度的( )。 ‎ ‎ 选择一项:B. 反功能 题目23 目标与后果之间的中介变项在社会学上被称为( )。 选择一项:A. 社会机制 题目24 单位制度是国家通过具有特殊功能的科层组织对各种社会、经济资源进行再分配,并通过这种再分配实现有效的( )的一种体制。 选择一项:A. 政治控制 题目25 单位成员对单位的高度依附是由单位制度本身所决定的,而不取决于具体的人际关系,这种依附叫做( )。 选择一项:A. 制度性依附 二、多选题(每小题有两项或两项以上的正确答案)题目26 公认的社会学理论的三大奠基人是( )。 选择一项或多项:B. 涂尔干 C. 马克思 D. 韦伯 题目27 社会研究方法包括下列哪三个层次?( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 具体方法 C. 方法论 D. 研究方式 题目28 社会学常用的资料收集方法包括( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 问卷法 B. 观察法 D. 实验法 题目29 从研究目的来看,社会学研究可以分为( )。 选择一项或多项:B. 解释性研究 D. 描述性研究 题目30 社会学研究的特点有( )。 ‎ ‎ 选择一项或多项:A. 对个人生活历程和社会历史的关注 C. 对社会结构的关注 D. 对实践的关注 题目31 社会化的类型包括( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 初始社会化 B. 继续社会化 C. 再社会化 D. 预期社会化 题目32 以下属于角色失调现象的有( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 角色中断 B. 角色失败 C. 角色冲突 题目33 米德认为自我包括( )。 选择一项或多项:C. 主我 D. 客我 题目34 社会化的环境因素包括( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 学校 B. 家庭 C. 工作组织 D. 大众传媒 题目35 社会化的失败和偏差主要表现为两种形式:( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 使人处于不利地位的社会化 C. 无效文化传递 题目36 产生社会互动的条件包括( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 互相依赖 C. 具有一定的互动结构 题目37 属于社会资本特征的是( )。 选择一项或多项:B. 关系性 C. 无形性 题目38 下列属于社会网络特征的有( )。 ‎ ‎ 选择一项或多项:B. 隐蔽性 C. 多重性 D. 弥散性 题目39 随着改革开放的不断深入,中国社会在转型过程中社会结构发生了巨大的变化,突出表现在以下三个方面( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 国家与社会关系的变化 B. 社会利益关系结构的变化 D. 社会阶层结构的变化 题目40 在社会网络研究方面,比较有影响的学者有( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 格兰诺维特 B. 林南 C. 边燕杰 D. 科尔曼 题目41 影响群体凝聚力的因素有( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 群体的人数 B. 成员的认同感 C. 领导的权威性 D. 外部环境的变化 题目42 与初级社会群体相比较,社会组织的特征有( )。 选择一项或多项:B. 明确的行动目标 D. 规范的制度 题目43 依照群体中成员间关系的亲密程度,社会群体可以划分为( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 初级群体 B. 次级群体 题目44 按照家庭的人口组成进行分类,可以将家庭结构划分为( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 主干家庭 C. 核心家庭 D. 联合家庭 题目45 中国社会转型时期家庭发生的变迁有( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 平权家庭比重在逐步上升 C. 以核心家庭为主 D. 代际之间、夫妻之间的独立程度增大 题目46 以下( )是韦伯所划分的权威类型。 ‎ ‎ 选择一项或多项:B. 传统型权威 C. 卡里斯马权威 D. 法理型权威 题目47 按照产权的不同,经济制度可以分为( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 混合经济制度 B. 公有产权制度 C. 私有产权制度 D. 集体产权制度 题目48 当今世界并存的基本政权形式主要有( )。 选择一项或多项:B. 民主政权 C. 集权主义政权 D. 威权主义政权 题目49 对社会制度的运行分析,一般从( )展开。 选择一项或多项:A. 功能分析 D. 机制分析 题目50 自1978年中国实行改革开放政策以来,尤其是1992年实行市场经济走向的改革以来,单位制度发生的重大变化包括( )。 选择一项或多项:B. 单位制度的变迁中同时出现了弱化和强化的两种倾向 C. 单位外出现了越来越多的自由流动资源 D. 单位从对人的全方位控制转变为只是对人们职业活动的控制 形考任务3 主题讨论:我最关心的社会问题 同学们,在学完前八章的内容之后,相信你一定会被某一类社会问题所触动,如城市化问题、环境污染问题、人口老龄化问题、教育问题、贫富分化问题等等。请选择你最关心的某个社会问题,与其他同学分享你对这一问题的认识。 1. 对环境污染问题的认识 ‎ 化学是人类赖以生存的基础科学,是为人类提供材料和药品的科学,也是人类借以认识自然、改造自然、控制自然的科学.由于化学为其它科学提供基础材料,所以也是其它科学得以发展的基础.现在,高科技的发展很大程度得益于高新材料的发展,同时,高新技术也反过来促进了化学学科的发展.也就是说,化学为其它学科提供各种新材料,其它学科为化学提供新设备、新方法、新手段. 化学工程在实施过程中,很容易产生人类所不需要的副产物,因处理不当或者无法避免而影响到了环境,造成了环境污染.但是环境污染的治理、各种副产物的处理技术,又要依赖化学手段才可能得到改进.所以环境改善也需要化学.其实,环境污染也不全部是化学工业的责任,其它工业同样也对环境产生污染,只不过化工的污染更加直接,更加显见而已.而治理、克服、控制这些污染,却更是离不开化学.只有通过化学的手段才可能使其得到根本的治理.所以,可以说化学与环境是相辅相成的. 另外,人类的活动必然消耗自然资源,这种消耗也必然导致自然环境的改变.要认识到这些问题并且控制这种改变给世界带来的负面作用,所有学科都必须尽其能力,把负作用降低到最小.也就是人类必须尽其全力认识并控制自然、控制自身.科学学科并不存在过错,人类对科学学科也不应该存在任何偏见,才有可能使人类更加美好. 2. 对人口老龄化问题的认识 ‎ 我认为可以从三个层面来理解老龄化,从个人层2113面来说,大概四十岁左右的时候工作能力达到顶5261峰,岁数继续增大的话,可能会出现体力不济,学习能力下降的状况。从企业角度来说,老龄化的企业容易形成按资排辈的晋升制度,影响年轻4102员工的积极性,老龄化的企业也缺乏对新技术和管理方法的接受能力。从国1653家的层面来说,由于老龄化企业按资历晋升的人事制度,会提高年轻人创业的机会成本,老龄化的国家是缺乏创新创专业的,这样会不利于属国家的发展。老龄化也会带来劳动力供给不足,抚养比过重等经济问题。 形考任务4 一、单选题 题目1 “社区”概念的提出可以追溯到社会学家( )的《共同体与社会》一书。 选择一项:B. 滕尼斯 题目2 城乡二元结构理论借鉴了经济学家( )的二元经济理论。 选择一项:D. 刘易斯 题目3 大城市居民向小城镇或农村迁移的现象被称为( )。 选择一项:D. 逆城市化 题目4 ( )是造成中国城乡之间存在巨大差异的重要原因。 选择一项:A. 行政制度因素 题目5 费孝通把中国乡土社会那种“水纹圈”式的社会关系格局称为( )。 选择一项:B. 差序格局 题目6 在一种分层结构中,个人的地位是社会预先规定了的,本人不能自由选择,这种分层结构是( )。 选择一项:C. 封闭性结构 题目7 ‎ 人们从处于同一社会层级的一种职业向另一种职业的流动,这种流动是( )。 选择一项:B. 水平流动 题目8 经过社会革命或其他剧烈的社会变动,社会分层结构会发生根本性的变化。1949年之后中国的分层结构发生的变化就是这样的。这种变动称为( )。 选择一项:B. 结构性流动 题目9 一个家庭不同世代间社会地位或社会位置的变化指的是( ),即子女从父亲所在的阶层向别的阶层流动。 选择一项:A. 代际流动 题目10 法国社会学家布迪厄(1997)认为,( )应该作为一种社会分层的指标。 选择一项:A. 生活方式 题目11 ( )认为,社会问题的产生主要是由于社会不同群体之间的价值和利益冲突。 选择一项:B. 冲突理论 题目12 在对越轨行为的研究中,有一种理论认为一个曾犯过罪的人,在出狱后因为被视为“潜在的犯罪人”,所以容易再次犯罪。这种理论是( )。 选择一项:D. 标签理论 题目13 ( )强调个体的越轨行为经常是一种积极选择的结果,人们选择越轨行为是为了反抗社会中存在的不平等。 选择一项:A. 冲突理论 题目14 通过制定法律来规范社会成员的行为方式,这种社会控制方式属于( )。 ‎ ‎ 选择一项:A. 强制性社会控制 题目15 我们在分析中国当前的社会问题时必须注意到中国社会转型的特殊性,并且将社会问题的解决定位于转型期( )的继续调整。 选择一项:C. 社会结构 题目16 云南傣族泼水节时,载歌载舞的人群是(  )。 选择一项:B. 表意人群 题目17 (  )是由一种毫无根据的想法引起的、有很强感染力的集群行为。 选择一项:C. 大众歇斯底里 题目18 “非典”初期,某些地方政府对病情未予公开,使人们对“非典”的传言更信以为真。这实际上就是集群行为产生因素中的( )。 选择一项:D. 结构性紧张 题目19 所谓( ),是指由人民内部矛盾引发的、10人以上群众自发参加的、主要针对政府的群体聚集事件,其间发生了比较明显的暴力冲突,出现了比较严重的违法行为,对社会秩序造成了较大的消极影响。 选择一项:B. 群体性事件 题目20 ( )通常是指被排除在社会权力结构之外的群体用非制度化的方式来促进或抗拒社会变迁、解决社会问题的集体行动。 选择一项:C. 社会运动 题目21 在现代化过程中,会出现一些与现代性因素极为相像,但在实质上与现代化的要求背道而驰的现象,这种现象被称为( )。 ‎ ‎ 选择一项:C. 畸变 题目22 经济市场化、政治民主化、通信高科技化、文化同质化带来全球相互依赖性和整体意识的日益增强,这一趋势被称为( )。 选择一项:A. 广义全球化 题目23 基于资本、技术等经济因素的向外扩张,导致世界规模的统一市场和跨国公司的形成,这一过程被称为( )。 选择一项:B. 狭义全球化 题目24 ( )的理性化理论强调,在现代社会中,个人行动出现了理性化趋势;西方现代社会的根本特征就在于理性化,工业化、现代社会的科层制组织形式都是理性化的具体表现形式。 选择一项:C. 韦伯 题目25 ( )是指社会结构、社会制度的变化。这些变化不仅会对人们的生活方式、行为方式等产生影响,还会引发社会互动和社会关系的变化,并带来组织结构和功能的变迁。 选择一项:C. 社会变迁 二、多选题(每小题有两项或两项以上的正确答案)题目26 按照社区成员之间的社会关系的类型,社区可以分为( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 邻里社区 B. 同事社区 D. 亲缘社区 题目27 社会学在社区研究中比较重视的社区分类是( )。 选择一项或多项:C. 农村社区 D. 城市社区 题目28 农村社区形成的三种途径是( )。 ‎ ‎ 选择一项或多项:A. 农村建设 B. 自然起源 D. 社会组合 题目29 要理解中国农村社区与城市社区之间的关系应当注意以下哪几种二元结构的叠加?( )选择一项或多项:A. 原生性城乡二元结构 B. 市场主导型城乡二元结构 D. 行政主导型城乡二元结构 题目30 中国当前的城市化仍然面临着( )等多重困境,影响了中国城市化的继续推进。 选择一项或多项:A. 城乡二元户籍制度并未发生根本性的变革 C. 城市管理滞后 D. 城市化水平滞后 题目31 韦伯社会分层理论中社会分层的标准包括( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 政治权力 C. 社会声望 D. 财富 题目32 以下社会分层制度中属于封闭性社会分层结构的是( )。 选择一项或多项:B. 奴隶制 D. 种姓制 题目33 ( )是对中国20世纪90年代以来社会分层结构定型化的描述。 选择一项或多项:B. 阶层内部认同的形成 C. 阶层之间的流动减少 D. 出现了更多的阶层 题目34 中国改革以来社会分层的变化体现在以下几个方面( )。 选择一项或多项:B. 中国社会分层的变化与经济体制改革的进行密不可分 C. 以经济因素为主、社会因素和政治因素为辅的社会分层制度逐渐形成 D. ‎ 中国社会阶层仍然处于重新构建的过程中 题目35 中国20世纪90年代中后期以来社会分层的发展趋势表现在以下几个方面( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 各阶层之间的贫富差距呈扩大趋势 B. 社会分层标准中弥散型的资源配置逐步转变为一体化的资源配置 C. 社会分层结构逐渐出现了定型化的趋势 题目36 以下属于人口问题具体表现形式的有( )。 选择一项或多项:B. 人口素质 C. 人口结构 D. 人口数量 题目37 以下关于越轨行为的说法,正确的是( )。 选择一项或多项:B. 越轨行为在不同的文化中是不同的 C. 越轨有时候只是一种不从俗 D. 越轨不等同于犯罪 题目38 社会控制体系中的非正式控制包括( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 道德 B. 社会舆论 C. 宗教 D. 习俗 题目39 以下哪些理论流派曾对社会问题的实质给出了各自的解释?( )选择一项或多项:A. 功能理论 C. 符号互动理论 D. 冲突理论 题目40 社会问题的特征包括( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 复杂性 B. 普遍性 C. 时空性 D. 破坏性 题目41 以下是集群行为特征的有( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 易受暗示性 B. 无组织性 C. 非常规性 D. 不稳定性 题目42 ‎ 以下属于行动人群行为的有(  )。 选择一项或多项:A. 暴民 D. 骚乱人群 题目43 以下属于当代中国集体行动的是(  )。 选择一项或多项:A. 集体上访 B. 以无利益相关者为主体的群体性事件 D. 以利益相关者为主体的群体性事件 题目44 社会运动包括以下哪几种基本类型?( )选择一项或多项:A. 抵抗运动 B. 表意运动 C. 改革运动 D. 革命运动 题目45 西方社会运动的理论主要包括以下哪几种?( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 社会建构理论 B. 资源动员理论 D. 情感理论 题目46 以下属于社会变迁发生原因的有( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 自然环境的变化 B. 人口变动 C. 文化交流 D. 技术发展 题目47 社会现代化的内容包括( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 人的现代化 B. 经济现代化 C. 城市化 D. 政治现代化 题目48 社会现代化的具体含义体现在以下方面:( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 以工业化为核心的经济变革 B. 特殊主义的关系模式占据优势地位 D. 社会结构的分化 ‎ 题目49 下列属于经济全球化的后果的是( )。 选择一项或多项:A. 人们需求的同质化 B. 价格竞争同质化 D. 贸易同质化 题目50 下述有关中国社会转型的看法正确的有( )。 选择一项或多项:B. 中国的社会转型是政体连续性背景下的渐进式改革 C. 中国社会转型过程中存在着大量的非正式运作 D. 中国的社会转型有其独特之处