初中英语初一形容词副词 6页

‎ 形容词和副词 ‎【学习目标】掌握形容词的用法,并对形容词和副词比较级最高级用法的回顾。‎ ‎【知识要点】‎ ‎（一）形容词的用法 形容词：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。形容词在句中主要用作定语、表语和 宾语补足语。‎ ‎1.用作定语，修饰名词或代词。‎ ‎（1）一般置于它所修饰的名词之前；‎ ‎ 例如：he is a tall boy ‎ ‎ (2)形容词修饰由 some,any,every,no 等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置。‎ 例如： Will you please tell us something interesting? 你给我们说一些有趣的事好吗？ There’s nothing special in the box. 盒子里没有什么特别的东西。‎ ‎（3）enough 修饰名词时，既可以放在名词之前，也可以放在名词之后。‎ ‎ 例 如： Don’t worry, we have enough time/time enough to get there. 别着急，我们有足够的时间赶到那 ‎2.用作表语，位于系动词之后。常用 的有 ： be, become, get, look, feel, smell, taste, sound, turn, seem, keep, grow ‎ 例：The park is very beautiful.这座公园很美。 ‎ ‎ The soup smells delicious.汤闻上去真鲜美。‎ ‎ That sounds good.那听上去不错.‎ ‎3.It’s + adj. + (of / for) sb to do sth. 译作“(某人)做某事是…的”。It 是形式主语，不定式结构是真正主语。of / for后面的sb是不定式的逻辑主语。‎ ‎ (1). 当形容词是可修饰人的形容词，即sb和adj.有主系表关系时，sb前用of。如 It’s clever of you to answer the question so quickly. / It’s kind of you to help me a lot. 这样的形容词有：kind, nice, rude, clever, silly, foolish等。 (2) 当形容词是不可以修饰人的形容词，即sb和adj.没有主系表关系时，sb前用for。如 It’s easy for her to clean the window by herself. / It’s important for us to learn English well. 这样的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, dangerous等。‎ ‎（二）形容词、副词比较级和最高级构成：‎ ‎1. 单音节词和少数双音节词比较级和最高级的规则变化：‎ 6‎ 规则 原级 比较级 最高级 ‎1.在词尾后直接加-er/est tall taller tallest ‎2.词尾是e，只加-r/st nice nicer nicest ‎3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变i再加-er/est happy happier happiest ‎4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加-er/est thin thinner thinnest ‎2. 其他双音节词或多音节词,在该词前面加-more/most beautiful—more beautiful—(the) most beautiful ‎3. 由形容词加ly构成的双音节词和多音节词,都是在该词前加-more/most.‎ quickly—more quickly—(the) most quickly difficultly—more difficultly—(the) most difficultly ‎4. 不规则变化:‎ good/well better best bad/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least old older（指新旧）‎ oldest elder（指年龄）‎ eldest far farther（指距离）‎ farthest further（指程度）‎ furthest ‎（三）形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法：‎ ‎1. 原级的用法:‎ ‎1）甲=乙：甲＋be＋as＋原级＋as＋乙, 用于两者之间对比，意思为“……和……相同”‎ Tom is as honest as Jack. Tom 和Jack一样诚实。‎ Her skin is as white as snow.‎ My dog is as old as that one.‎ ‎2）甲不如乙：甲＋be not＋as/so＋原级＋as＋乙 He is not as(=so)tall as I. 他没我高。‎ The weather here is not as(=so)cool as the weather in Harbin.‎ ‎3）甲是乙的几倍：甲＋be＋数词＋times＋as＋原级＋as＋乙 This room is four times as large as that one.这间房比那间房大四倍。‎ 6‎ ‎2. 比较级的用法:‎ ‎1）甲＞乙或甲＜乙：甲＋be＋比较级＋than＋乙 Susan is happier than Jane.‎ His brother is younger than me.‎ Beijing is more beautiful than here.‎ 形容词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little，far, a lot, a bit, much more来修饰。very, so, too, quite 不能修饰比较级。‎ ‎2）数字+形容词、副词比较级+than I’m two years older than you.‎ ‎3）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越……”‎ The earth is getting warmer and warmer.‎ ‎4）the +比较级，the +比较级结构，表示“越……就越……”‎ The more I study it, the more I like it.‎ ‎5）which/who +is +比较级 Which city is bigger, Beijing or Tianjin?‎ Who is happier, you or me?‎ ‎3. 最高级用法：‎ 用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。‎ ‎1）one of the +最高级 Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.‎ Our city is one of the safest cities in the world.‎ ‎2）最高级意义的表达方法:‎ 例句 最高级 She is the best in her class. ‎ 比较级 She is better than any other student in her class.‎ No other student in her class is better than she.‎ 原级 No other student in her class is as good as she.‎ 特殊：‎ 1) 形容词最高级前一般都用定冠词，但当形容词最高级前有物主代词时，则不用定冠词。‎ ‎ e.g.：Today is my happiest day.今天是我最高兴的一天。‎ ‎ Give my best regards to your family. 请代我向你们全家问好。‎ ‎2) most 有时与形容词连用，前面用不定冠词或不用冠词，意为“非常，很，极其”，用来加强语气。这时它不表示最高级的概念。‎ 6‎ e.g.: He is a most friendly fellow. 他是个极其友好的人。‎ ‎【经典例题】： ‎ ‎1） ---- Are you feeling ____? ‎ ‎---- Yes，I'm fine now. ‎ A. well B. better C. good D. quite better 答案：B. quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better. ‎ ‎2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected. ‎ A. more B. much more C. much D. more much ‎ 答案：C. much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。 ‎ ‎【经典练习】‎ ‎1．写出下列形容词的变化形式 ‎ （1）tall（比较级） ________ （2）large（比较级）________ ‎ ‎ （3）busy（最高级） ________ （4）thin（最高级）________ ‎ ‎ （5）delicious（比较级） ________ （6）much（比较级）________ ‎ ‎ （7）good（最高级） ________ （8）far（最高级）________ ‎ ‎2．句型转换 ‎ （1）Shanghai is the largest city in China.（变同义句）‎ ‎ Shanghai is ________ than ________ ________ city in China.‎ ‎ （2）This dress is more beautiful than that blouse.（变同义句）‎ ‎ That blouse is not ________ ________ as this dress.‎ ‎ 3．选择．‎ ‎ （1）She always buys ________ clothes though she is rich enough. ‎ ‎ A．cheap B．good C．expensive D．beautiful ‎ （2）Now the air in our town is ________ than it used to be. Something must be done to stop it. ‎ ‎ A．very good B．much better C．rather bad D．even worse ‎ （3）—Which is _______ , the sun, the moon or the earth?‎ ‎ —Of course, the moon is. ‎ ‎ A．small B．smaller C．smallest D．the smallest ‎ （4）The more exercise you do, the ________you will be. ‎ ‎ A．weaker B．healthier C．luckier D．worse 6‎ ‎ （5）The population of China is ________ than ________ of any other country in the world. ‎ ‎ A．larger; the one B．more; that C．larger; that D．more; the one （6）The turcky tastes ________the chicken.‎ ‎ A, as better as B, much better than C, as well as D, the best to ‎ （7） I'm not ________ to lift the heavy box.‎ ‎ A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough ‎ （8）The smile on my father’s face showed that he was ________ with me.‎ ‎ A．sad B．pleased C．angry D．sorry ‎ （9）Jone looks so________ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test. ‎ ‎ A．happy B．happily C．angry D．angrily ‎ （10）This book isn’t so ________as that one. It’s hard to read. ‎ ‎ A．new B．difficult C．easy D．easier ‎ （11）All the students in our class are over fifteen except Li Lei. He is ________ in our class. ‎ ‎ A．younger B．the oldest C．bad D．worse ‎ （12）—What delicious cakes! ‎ ‎ —They would taste________ with butter.‎ ‎ A．good B．better C．bad D．worse ‎ （13）In our city, it’s ________ in July, but it is even_______ in August. ‎ ‎ A．hotter; hottest B．hot; hot C．hotter; hot D．hot; hotter ‎ （14）I like Chinese because it sounds ____.‎ ‎ A, wonder B, wondering C, wonderful D, wonderfully ‎ （15）The book is ________. Most of the teachers are ________ in it.‎ ‎ A．interesting; interested B．interesting; interesting ‎ C．interested; interesting D．interested; interested ‎（16） These oranges taste________.‎ ‎ A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well ‎4．按要求写句子（翻译句子）‎ ‎ （1）英语和数学同样重要．‎ ‎ English is ____ important ____ math.‎ 6‎ ‎ （2）在这两个女孩中，露西的个子比较高．‎ ‎ Lucy is ____ ____ of the two girls.‎ ‎ （3）他买了一件漂亮的蓝色新衬衫．‎ ‎ He bought a ________ ________ _______ shirt.‎ ‎ （4）北京变得越来越美丽了．‎ ‎ Beijing becomes ________ ________ ________ beautiful.‎ ‎5.用所给词的恰当形式填空。‎ ‎(1).Which is _______ (big) ,the sun,the moon or the earth?‎ ‎(2).Which is ______ (beautiful),the black coart or the blue one?‎ ‎(3)This mooncake is ____ (cheap) of all.‎ ‎(4).He is _______ (strong) in the class.‎ ‎(5)English is ____ (widely)spoken in the world.‎ ‎ (6).The red coat is as_______(long) as the blue one.‎ ‎(7).My sister is not so______(tall) as me/I.‎ ‎(8)Mike does his homework as________(carefully) as Mark.‎ ‎(9).They don't get up as____________(early) as We.‎ ‎(10).He runs as ________(fast) as she.‎ 6‎