初一英语一般现在时态讲解 9页

初一英语一般现在时态讲解 一、 定义与讲解 一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作或一般性事实。也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。‎ 通常与副词every day（每天），always（总是）,usually（通常）,often（经常）sometimes（有时）,等时间状语连用。‎ 例：（1）表示事物或人物的特征、状态。‎ The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。‎ Mary’s father is an English teacher. 玛丽的爸爸是一名英语老师。 （2）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。‎ I go to school at seven every day.我每天六点去上学。‎ She plays sports every day. 她每天都做运动。 （3）表示客观现实。‎ The table has four legs.桌子有四条腿。‎ There are 63 students in my class. 我们班有63个学生。‎ ‎（4）表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言谚语等。‎ ‎　　 The sun rises in the east every day.太阳每天从东方升起。‎ The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。‎ ‎（5）表示平日的喜好。‎ I like bananas. We don’t like vegetables.‎ He likes blue. She doesn’t like strawberries.‎ 二、只有主语在第三人称单数时在陈述句里面实义动词用“三单形式”，‎ 其他人称（一，二，三复）用动词原形。‎ e.g. I/ We like English very much. 我/我们非常喜欢英语。‎ ‎ She/ He/His sister likes English very much. 她/他/她的妹妹非常喜欢英语 ‎★ 动词三单形式的变化规则：‎ ‎1.（1）多数直接在动词词尾加-s. ‎ play — plays like — likes ask---asks ‎ work---works get---gets call---calls ‎（2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.‎ ‎　　watch---watches wash---washes do---does go---goes ‎ ‎（3）以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es.‎ ‎　 try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies ‎2.不规则变化：be---- is have----has ‎ ‎ 一般现在时态肯定句式： 分为含有be动词和实义动词的两种情况：‎ 一．含有be 动词的一般现在时的句式：‎ 肯定句式：主语+be+表语( n./adj.等)‎ ‎ e.g. ①He is a worker. 他是个老师 ‎ ②You are nine. 你9岁。‎ ‎ ③They are in the classroom. 他们在教室里面 含有be动词一般现在时态的句子转换：‎ ‎（1）变一般疑问句：当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词(can,must等)提到句子的最前面，句末改问号。‎ ‎（口诀：变疑问并不难，be/情态动词提最前）; ‎ 一般疑问句句式：Be+主语+表语?‎ ‎ e.g. ①He is a teacher. 他是个老师。‎ 一般疑问句→ Is he a teacher? 他是个老师吗？‎ Yes, he is./No, he isn’t. 是的，他是。/不，他不是。‎ ‎ ②I am eight . 我8岁。‎ 一般疑问句→ Are you eight? 你8岁了吗？‎ Yes,I am./No, I’m not. 是的，我是/ 不，不是。‎ ‎ ③They are in the classroom. 他们在教师里面。‎ 一般疑问句→Are they in the classroom? 他们在教室里面吗？‎ Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t. 是的，他们在/ 不，他们不在。‎ ‎4）I can play soccer. 我会踢足球。‎ 一般疑问句→ Can you play soccer? 你会踢足球吗？‎ Yes,I can./ No, I can’t. 是的，我会/ 不，我不会。‎ ‎（2）变否定句：在be动词或情态动词后面直接加not变成否定句. ‎ ‎(口诀：变否定最容易，not紧紧跟着be/情态动词) ‎ 否定句句式：主语+be+ not+表语：‎ ‎　　例：① She is my sister.. 她是我的妹妹。‎ ‎　　否定句→ She is not my sister. 她不是我的妹妹。‎ ‎②I can play soccer. 我会踢足球。‎ 否定句→ I can not /can’t play soccer. 我不会踢足球。‎ ‎ ③The students and their teacher are here. 学生和他们的老师都在这儿。‎ 否定句→The students and their teacher aren’t here.学生和他们的老师都不在这儿。‎ ★ 注意：对一般疑问句的回答：‎ 一般用什么问就用什么来回答。‎ 例： Is she your friend? 她是你的朋友吗？‎ ‎ Yes, she is./ No, she isn’t. 是的，她是/ 不， 她不是。‎ 但以下例外：Is this a pencil? Yes , it is./ No, it isn’t. ‎ Is that your backpack? Yes , it is./ No, it isn’t.‎ Are these your parents? Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.‎ Are those Jim’s brothers? Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.‎ 二．当句子中没有be动词和情态动词，只含有实义动词时，句式如下：‎ ‎（1）肯定句： ‎ 主语（I/We/You/They/…）+实义动词+其他 ‎ e.g. I know the girl. 我认识那个女孩。‎ ‎ They always ask the teacher questions. 他们总是问老师问题。‎ ‎ 主语（He/She/It/…）+实义动词三单形式+其他 ‎ e.g. Lucy plays sports every day. 露西每天都要运动。‎ He watches TV every evening. 他每天晚上都看电视。‎ ‎(2)一般疑问句：‎ 变一般疑问句时，在主语前加助动词do或者does来变成一般疑问句；‎ ‎ ¤ 当句子主语是I, we, you,以及复数…时，句首加 do 。‎ ‎ ¤当句子主语是第三人称单数she,he,it..等时，句首加 does 。‎ 注意：加了助动词does, 这时谓语动词要还原（用动词原形）；另外，句子末尾用问号。‎ A. 主语是I/we/you/they/…等时：‎ 疑问句式: Do+主语+动词原形+其他？‎ e.g. ① I have two sisters and a brother.‎ 一般疑问句→ Do you have two sisters and a brother.?‎ ‎ Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.‎ e.g. ②The boys play soccer every day.‎ 一般疑问句→Do the boys play soccer every day?‎ ‎ Yes, they do./ No, they don’t.‎ B. 主语是he/she/it/…等三单时：‎ 疑问句式： Does+主语+动词原形+其他？‎ e.g. ① He/Mike/ My brother likes black schoolbags. 他/迈克/我的哥哥喜欢黑色的书包。‎ ‎→Does he/Mike/ your brother like black schoolbags? 他/迈克/我的哥哥喜欢黑色的书包吗？‎ ‎ Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t. 是的，他喜欢 / 不，他不喜欢。‎ ‎ ②She/ Gina / Our English teacher goes to school by bus. 她/吉娜/我们的英语老师坐公共汽车去学校。‎ ‎→Does she/ Gina/ your English teacher go to school by bus? 她/吉娜/我们的英语老师坐公共汽车去学校吗？‎ ‎ Yes, she does./ No, she doesn’t. 是的，她是/ 不，她不是。‎ ‎（3）否定句：‎ 变否定句时，在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t或者doesn’t变成否定句，切记：助动词后的动词还原成动词原形。‎ ‎¤ 当句子主语是I, we, you,以及复数时，加don’t构成否定句。‎ ‎¤当句子主语是第三人称单数she,he,it等时，加doesn’t构成否定句。‎ e.g ①陈述句：We go to school at 7:00 every morning. 我每天早上7点去上学 ‎　　否定句→We don’t go to school at 7:00 every morning. 我每天不是7点去上学 ‎②陈述句：She has a brother. 她有个哥哥。‎ 否定句→ She doesn’t have a brother. 她没有哥哥。‎ ‎※ 在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即常在动词原形后加-s/-es/变y为i+es.（注意：只在肯定句/陈述句里面动词用三单形式，在其它所有句型里动词都用原形）。‎ 但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还不十分清楚，‎ 现归纳总结如下： 一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如： He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 ‎ She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如： ①Han Mei likes salsd . 韩梅喜欢萨拉。 ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 ③Uncle Wang often plays volleyball.. 王叔叔经常打排球。 三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 ③That car is red. ‎ ‎④The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。 四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 ②There is a watch on the table. 桌上有块手表。 ③This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。④That is an eraser.‎ 五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如： ①The milk（牛奶） is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 六、当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如： ①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。‎ ‎②"I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。 ‎ 一般现在时用法专练:‎ 巩固练习题：‎ 一．用Be动词填空。‎ ‎ be动词口诀：I 用am， you 用 are， is连着 he /she /it，‎ 单数名词用is，复数名词都用are 1. Are you __ Li Fen ? No, I __ not . 2. ________ Mr. Green very good ? Yes , he __ . 3..These books __ very interesting . ‎ ‎4. What class ____ you in ? 5. You and I __ good friends . ‎ ‎6. The basketball club ___ fun .‎ 二. 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。 ‎ have like drink _____ go _____ stay ______ ‎ make______ look______ have_____ come______ watch______ ‎ ask _____ fly _______ do______ study_____ teach_______‎ sound______ let _______ wash _______ carry ______ play_______‎ 三．用所给动词的适当形式填空。‎ 1. I _________(have) two sisters and my mother _________(have) only one brother.‎ 2. Miss Xie ________(have ) a brown bag and two red jackets.‎ 3. We _________ (like) our English teacher.‎ 4. Tom ___________ ( go) to school at 7’o clock.‎ 5. Li Song _________(watch) TV at home.‎ 6. You and I__________ (play ) volleyball every day.‎ 7. That __________( sound) interesting.‎ 8. My father __________ (let) me get the baseball bats.‎ 9. Those girls __________(ask) the teacher for it.‎ 10. Aunt Jenny _________(do) housework(家务) every day.‎ 三． 按照要求改写句子 1．This is my pencil ? (变一般疑问句) your pencil ? Yes, ____‎ ‎ _____. 2. These red hats are Kate’s . (一般疑问句) hats Kate’s ? No, ____ _____. 3. Mary hasbooks . (变一般疑问句) Mary ________ books ? 4. She likes the black bag very much . (变一般疑问句)‎ ‎ she the black bag very much? No, she ________. 5. I like apples. (变一般疑问句) you apples ? 6. It’s an English dictionary . (变一般疑问句)‎ ‎ English dictionary?‎ ‎7. He has a computer and a modile plane . (变一般疑问句)‎ ‎ he a computer and a modile plane? Yes, he ________‎ 四、按照要求改写句子 ‎1. She is a good student. ( 改为否定句)‎ She _________ a ___________student. ‎ ‎2. We play tennis every day. ( 改为否定句)‎ We_________ __________ ________ every day.‎ ‎3. The students like the teacher . (改为否定句) ‎ The students _________ _______ the teacher.‎ ‎4. Simon and Daniel have a ping-pong bat .(改为否定句)‎ Simon and Daniel __________ __________ a ping-pong bat ‎5. She has some white baseballs . ( 改为否定句)‎ She ________ _______ any white baseballs ‎ ‎6. Miss Xie teaches us Chinese. ( 改为否定句) ‎ Miss Xie _________ _________ ________ us Chinese ‎ ‎7. Her sister watches TV every evening. (改为否定句)‎ Her sister __________ __________ TV every evening.‎ ‎8. John plays basketball after school every afternoon .(改为否定句)‎ John __________ ________ basketball after school every afternoon 一般现在时态句型转换（七年级上册unit1-5）‎ 1. This is a white key. (对画线部分进行提问)‎ ‎ ‎ 2. Ben’s bag is yellow and red . (对画线部分进行提问)‎ ‎ ‎ 3. Her name is Gina. (对画线部分进行提问)‎ ‎ ‎ 4. My phone number is 673-8220. (对画线部分进行提问)‎ ‎ ‎ 5. The boy is Jack. (对画线部分进行提问)‎ ‎ ‎ 6. The picture is on the wall. (对画线部分进行提问)‎ ‎ ‎ 7. The balls are in the bookcase. (对画线部分进行提问)‎ ‎ ‎ 8. He is Johnny. (改为一般疑问句)‎ ‎ ‎ 9. The baseballs are under the bed. (改为一般疑问句)‎ ‎ ‎ 10. He has a tennis racket. (改为一般疑问句)‎ ‎ ‎ 11. I have some baseball bats. (改为一般疑问句)‎ ‎ ‎ 12. I like oranges. (改为一般疑问句)‎ ‎ ‎ 13. My English teacher is fine. (改为同义句)‎ ‎ ‎ 14. She is Tina. (改为否定句)‎ ‎ ‎ 1. Tom and Mike are my good friends. (改为否定句)‎ ‎ ‎ 2. She has a computer game. (改为否定句)‎ ‎ ‎ 3. We have a big TV in our room. (改为否定句)‎ ‎ ‎ 4. I’m fine. (写出问句)‎ ‎ ‎ 5. Nice to meet you! (写出答语)‎ ‎ ‎ 6. Is that a dictionary ?(改为复数句)‎ ‎ ‎ 7. These are oranges. (改为单数句)‎ ‎ ‎ 8. Is he your cousin? (作肯定回答)‎ ‎ ‎ 9. Is Linda his sister? (作否定回答)‎ ‎ ‎ 10. Is this a Chinese book? (作否定回答)‎ ‎ ‎ 11. Those are English dictionaries. (改为单数句)‎ ‎ ‎ 12. Are the chairs under the table ?(作否定回答)‎ ‎ ‎ 13. They are on the sofa .( 改为单数句子)‎ ‎ ‎ 14. Are your pens in the pencil case ? （作否定回答）‎ ‎ ‎ 15. These are books .(改为单数句子)‎ ‎ ‎ 16. Do you have a baseball? (作否定回答)‎ ‎ ‎ 17. Does he play sports every day ?(作肯定回答)‎ ‎ ‎ 1. You have a computer game. (用第三人称he作主语)‎ ‎ ‎