初中英语初一完形填空 11页

第十八讲 完形填空 ‎【学习目标】：了解完形填空的基本解题方法和技巧，并通过做题训练 ‎【解题技巧】： ‎ 完形填空解题技巧 ‎1）通读全文，领会大意 ‎ ‎2）紧扣内容，分析对比备选答案 ‎3）瞻前顾后，全文贯通,‎ ‎4）复查核对，决定取舍。‎ ‎1． 通读全文，领会大意 ‎ ‎　 完形填空题不同于单项选择填空题。单项填空题所给的是一个或两个句子，根据本句或前后句就可以判定所选的答案。而完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，所选的答案处在整段或整篇文章之中。所以在做题前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是绝不可省的一步。 ‎ ‎　　每篇短文总有一定的主题思想，段落之间必然承上启下，前呼后应，句与句之间 也一定紧密相连，形成一个整体。因此通读全文是要一气呵成，不要中断思路，只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过。如果不影响答题，可以置之不理。切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。如果与答题有关，可到第二步填空时再琢磨解决。另外，在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾，因为它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心议题。 ‎ 完形填空实际上是一种障碍性阅读理解题。因此，在解题之前，先要把文章通读一遍，弄清文章的体裁，文章体裁通常分为四种：论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主，如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果，对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。然后对留空的句子进行分析，看他在该句所处的位置和作用，再从所给的选项中找出要填写什么词。　。‎ ‎2. 紧扣内容，分析对比备选答案 ‎ ‎　 完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以语句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。分析时应注意以下几点： ‎ ‎　(1) 当遇到一个需要填的词时，首先要考虑这个词在句子中的成分是什么？词性是什么？ ‎ ‎　(2) 如果需要填的是名词，就要考虑名词的单复数和所有格形式。 ‎ ‎　(3) 如果需要填的是形容词或副词，就应考虑是用原级或是比较级，还是最高级。 ‎ ‎(4) 如果需要填的是动词，则要考虑动词的时态，语态，人称变化，语气以及非谓语动词（不定式和动词-ing形式）的一般式，被动式和完成式等。 ‎ ‎　(5) 如果需要填空的是介词，则要注意固定搭配的用法。 ‎ ‎　(6) 如果需要填的是冠词，则要注意是用不定冠词还是用定冠词。 ‎ ‎　(7) 另外要注意一些固定句型。 ‎ ‎3. 瞻前顾后，全文贯通 ‎ ‎　　短文中每个空白处的正确答案和气上下文在意思上和结构上都有这样或那样的必然联系。一般说来，所选答案只有和上下文和结构上都吻合的时候，才是正确答案。因此，必须注意上下的参照，连贯思考。如果答案一时确定不下来，切记不要耽误太久，可暂放一边，待其他答案选好之后，再回过头来仔细推敲。 ‎ ‎　　试题所提供的短文可以说是一个整体，空白处所需要选的答案只是整体中的一部分。有时候，所选答案从局部看是可行的，但从整体看，不见的是最佳的答案。这时就要局部服从整体，从短文的整体内容出发，重新选择答案。对于那些拿不定主意或未能选答的空白，不要仅局限在与上下文的对照上，要把视野扩大到全文。有时一旦和整篇短文联系起来，就可豁然开朗，很容易选出正确答案。 ‎ ‎4. 复查核对，决定取舍 ‎ 全部题目作完以后，要仔细考查核对。填完空白后，重读全文，这也是解题过程中至关重要的一环。此时考生对文章已经有了一个相对完整的了解，对文章的理解也就更进了一步，也就摸清了文章内在发展的逻辑关系。而如果在此时再读一遍文章，就有可能会发现一些其他原来没有注意到的问题，也就能够根据对语篇的理解及内在的联系，反复推敲，比较异同，从而选择一个更符合文章意义的答案，其方法是:把短文连同所选答案细读一遍，凡读起来别扭或答案无确切把握的地方分别记下来，然后将每个空白处与其相对应的四个答案逐一对照，务求一一过关，避免遗漏。若发现原所选答案与复查时所选答案不同，不要急于涂改，待认真斟酌核实后，再决定取舍。‎ ‎【经典例题】‎ Jim Green is an announcer(播音员）for the program. Most of the girls___1____ boys like the program. They ___2___like Jim Green. Some of them often make phone calls to him and thank him ___3___ his work. There are lots of ___4___ to him every day,too. ‎ Jim Green gets up at 6:00 every morning.He has bread and a glass of milk ___5___ breakfast. He leaves home at 6:30 and ___6___ his office at 7:15. ‎ The program ___7____ at 7:30.He plays the new records (唱片）of the pop songs and modern music for his listeners. At 8:00 it's time ____8____ the news. ‎ Jim finishes work at 10:30. He goes home ____9____ his car.He ___10___ newspaper and listens to music after supper. He thinks his life is very interesting. ‎ ‎( )1.A and B with C but D about ‎ ‎( )2.A too B to C also D so ‎ ‎( )3.A to B for C fo D and ‎ ‎( )4.A letter B letters C friends D words ‎ ‎( )5.A at B with C for D to ‎ ‎( )6.A goes B gets C gets to D gets up ‎ ‎( )7.A begins B finishes C over D start ‎ ‎( )8.A to B for C of D in ‎ ‎( )9.A by B in C on D takes ‎ ‎( )10.A looks B reads C sees D watches ‎ 解析 ‎ ‎1 A 在肯定句中表示并列 ‎ ‎2 C also是"也"的意思,A是太……的意思 ‎ ‎3 B thank sb. for sth. 为了什么感谢某人 ‎ ‎4 B 每天他都有很多的来信 ‎ ‎5 C 作为他的早饭 ‎ ‎6 C 到达 A是走 B是得到 D是起床 ‎ ‎7 A 开始 D的时态不对，应该是第三人称单数 ‎ ‎8 B 该是新闻时间了，A是time to do sth. ‎ ‎9 B in one's car ,A是 B by car ‎ ‎10 B 看报纸是 read newspaper ‎【经典练习】‎ ‎【一】‎ Jim Green is an announcer(播音员）for the program. Most of the girls___1____ boys like the program. They ___2___like Jim Green. Some of them often make phone calls to him and thank him ___3___ his work. There are lots of ___4___ to him every day, too. ‎ Jim Green gets up at 6:00 every morning. He has bread and a glass of milk ___5___ breakfast. He leaves home at 6:30 and ___6___ his office at 7:15. ‎ The program ___7____ at 7:30.He plays the new records (唱片）of the pop songs and modern music for his listeners. At 8:00 it's time ____8____ the news. ‎ Jim finishes work at 10:30. He goes home ____9____ his car. He ___10___ newspaper and listens to music after supper. ‎ He thinks his life is very interesting. ‎ ‎【 】1. A. and B. with C. but D. about ‎ ‎【 】2. A. too B. to C. also D. so ‎ ‎【 】3. A.. to B.. for . C.. of D... and ‎ ‎【 】4. A. letter B. letters C. friends D. words ‎ ‎【 】5. A. at B. with C. for D. to ‎ ‎【 】6. A. goes B. gets C. gets to D. gets up ‎ ‎【 】7. A. begins B. finishes C. over D. start ‎ ‎【 】8. A. to B. for C. of D. in ‎ ‎【 】9. A. by B. in C. on D. takes ‎ ‎【 】10. A. looks B. reads C. sees D. watches ‎ ‎【二】‎ You'll see a new _1_at a hospital near London if you go there. He is very clever,_2_he never speaks. He can work 24 hours a day and never gets _3_.He is one metre tall and has a face_4_a TV screen .He is Dr. Robot. ‎ Doctors often need to ask their patients a lot of questions._5_ doctors can only spend a few minutes with such patient. But Dr. Robot, a human doctor can ask a patient questions for an hour if it is _6_._7_ the help of Dr. Robot ,a human doctor can_8_a lot of useful information(信息)when he meets his patient. ‎ How can Dr. Robot do this? A computer "tell" him what to do. Dr. Robot can do a lot of things people can do, though he can't completely_9_the place of _10_ doctors. ‎ ‎【 】1.. A. sick person B.nurse C.chemist D.doctor ‎ ‎【 】2.. A.so B.if C.but D.because ‎ ‎【 】3.. A.tired B.off C.up D.woounded ‎ ‎【 】4.. A.like B.on C.as D.in ‎ ‎【 】5.. A.Kind B.Busy C.Free D.Tall ‎ ‎【 】6.. A.late B.impossible C.necessary D.interesting ‎ ‎【 】7.. A.With B.For C.Behind D.Under ‎ ‎【 】8.. A.spend B.have C.send D.speak ‎ ‎【 】9. A.bring B.give C.take D.lead ‎ ‎【 】10. A.robot B.computer C.women D.human ‎ ‎【三】‎ Mike is an Englishman. He lives in a __1___ building in the __2___ London. There are eighteen floors in the building and he lives on the fifteenth floor. He__3___ a lift (电梯)to go up and down. He works very hard. He__4___ to work early. Every day he leaves his__5__and walks to the lift. He gets into the lift. It __6___him down to the first floor. He gets out of the lift. Then he walks to __7___bus stop. The bus stop is in front of a station. It is about two hundred meters from ___8___home. Usually, he catches the number 11 bus to work, but sometimes he goes__9___. He works in a factory about ten__10___ from his home. His work starts at half past eight, and finishes at a quarter to five. He gets back home at half past five. ‎ ‎【 】1. A. tall B. shot C. small D. large ‎ ‎【 】2. A. country B. town C. city D. village ‎ ‎【 】3. A. makes B. uses C. does D. mends ‎ ‎【 】4. A. begins B. wants C. runs D. goes ‎ ‎【 】5. A. home B. building C. office D. room ‎ ‎【 】6. A. costs B. spends C. takes D. brings ‎ ‎【 】7. A. an B. a C. the D. / ‎ ‎【 】8. A. his B. he C. him D. himself ‎ ‎【 】9. A. by plane B. by train C. on foot D. by air ‎ ‎【 】10. A. meters B. kilometers C. minutes D. hours ‎ ‎【四】‎ ‎ Great weather! It was _1__ and hot all day. We __2__ to a beautiful beach. We had great fun __3__ in the water. In the afternoon, we went __4__. On the way, I found a little boy __5__ in the corner. He was __6__. I helped __7__ find his father. That made me __8__ very happy. I didn’t have __9__ money __10__ a taxi. So I walked back to the hotel. ‎ ‎【 】1. A. wind B. cloud C. sunny ‎ ‎【 】2. A. go B. got C. went ‎ ‎【 】3. A. play B. played C. playing ‎ ‎【 】4. A. shop B. shopping C .shopped ‎ ‎【 】5. A. cries B. cried C. crying ‎ ‎【 】6. A. lose B. lost C. crying ‎ ‎【 】7. A. he B. his C. him ‎ ‎【 】8. A. feel B. feeling C. felt ‎ ‎【 】9. A. some B. any C. a few ‎ ‎【 】10. A. with B. on C. for ‎ ‎【五】‎ I’m not happy. I have too __1_ rules in my family. I have to __2___ at 6:00 every morning. I can’t __3__ my friends after school __4__I have to __5__my dog for a walk. I can’t watch TV on school nights. And I have to __6_ in bed by ten o’clock. _7__ weekends, I have to clean my room and wash my clothes. Then I have to help my mother __8__ dinner. Later I have to go to the Children’s Palace __9__ the piano. I never have any fun. __10__ can I do? ‎ ‎【 】1. A. many B. much C. a few ‎ ‎【 】2. A. go to bed B. get up C.go home ‎ ‎【 】3. A. watch B. look C. meet ‎ ‎【 】4. A. so B. then C. because ‎ ‎【 】5. A. bring B. take C. carry ‎ ‎【 】6. A. be B. is C. am ‎ ‎【 】7. A. In B. On C. At ‎ ‎【 】8. A. make B. making C. do ‎ ‎【 】9. A. learn B. to learn C. learning ‎ ‎【 】10. A. Why B. What C. How ‎ ‎【六】‎ On Christmas Eve a few days ago, an English couple, the Hardens, got a very special call. It was only a 20-second call but it was very ____1____. The Hardens’ 15-year-old daughter has gone ___2____ six months before. On Christmas Eve she rang them. “I’m phoning to wish you a happy Christmas, ”she said, “I love you.” ‎ Ronals and Edwine Harden were so ______3_____ that they started a special telephone service （服务）called “Alive and Well”. The service helps ______4______ to get in touch with children who have run away from home. ‎ Young people can phone “Alive and Well” and leave a message for their parents. The telephone are answered by answering machines. So _____5_____ can speak to the child or make him return home. Parents of runaway children who are ______6_______ eighteen can ask the police to bring their children home. So children do not want to tell their parents where they are. Through “Alive and Well ”they can telephone their parents and they do not __7__ about this or giving out their addresses. ‎ The Hardens and their helpers _____8______ the telephone messages and connect（联系）the addresses given. About 30,000 British teenagers have left home and many of them are probably in ______9______. For only two pence（便士）they can go into a telephone coin box and call their parents. They can dial 5675339 and ______10______ a parent worry: Is he dead or alive? ‎ ‎【 】1. A. interesting B. important C. difficult D. exciting ‎ ‎【 】2. A. away Bout C. back D. along ‎ ‎【 】3. A. angry B. happy C. sad D. kind ‎ ‎【 】4. A. teachers B. people C. parents D. friends ‎ ‎【 】5. A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one ‎ ‎【 】6. A. at B. above C. over D. under ‎ ‎【 】7. A. think B. worry C. talk D. hear ‎ ‎【 】8. A. ask for B. listen to C. look up D. write down ‎ ‎【 】9. A. Pairs B. Tokyo C. London D. New York ‎ ‎【 】10. A. stop B. make C. feel D. leave ‎ ‎【七】‎ Mr Smith lives in the small village, but he works in an office in a big city. He goes to work by train every morning and comes ___1___ the same way. ‎ One morning while he was ___2___ his newspaper on the train, a man ___3___ him came up to him. Mr Smith had not met him before. The man said,“ ___4___ ” to him and then ___5___ to talk to him. The man said, “Your ___6___ isn’t interesting, is it? You got on the same train at the same station at the same time ___7___ morning and you always sit in the same seat and read the same newspaper.” ‎ When Mr Smith ___8___ this, he put his newspaper down, turned around and ___9___ to the man angrily, “How do you know all that about me?” ‎ ‎“Because I’m ___10___ sitting in the same seat behind you,” the man answered. ‎ ‎【 】1. A. family B. house C. village D. home ‎ ‎【 】2. A. seeing B. look C. reading D. finding ‎ ‎【 】3. A. before B. behind C. beside D. next to ‎ ‎【 】4. A. Sorry B. Thanks C. Hello D. Goodbye ‎ ‎【 】5. A. refused B. stopped C. ordered D. began ‎ ‎【 】6. A. life B. work C. office D. child ‎ ‎【 】7. A. one B. every C. this D. yesterday ‎ ‎【 】8. A. heard B. listened C. found D. felt ‎ ‎【 】9. A. asked B. said C. told D. talked ‎ ‎【 】10. A. never B. hardly C. always D. sometimes ‎ ‎【八】‎ Once there was a boy in Toronto. His name was Jimmy. He started drawing when he was three years old, and when he was five he was already very ___1___ at it. He drew many beautiful interesting pictures, and many people ___2___ his pictures. They thought this boy was going to be ___3___ when he was a little older, and then they were going to ___4___ these pictures for a lot of money. ‎ Jimmy’s pictures were quite different from other ___5___ because he never drew on all of the paper. He drew on ___6___ of it, and the other half was always ___7___. ‎ ‎“That’s very clever,” everybody said. “___8___ other people have ever done that before.” ‎ One day somebody asked him, “Please tell me, Jimmy. Why do you draw on the bottom (底部) half of your pictures, ___9___ not on the top half?” ‎ ‎“Because I’m small,” Jimmy said, “and my brushes (毛笔) can’t ___10___ very high.” ‎ ‎【 】1. A. poor B. sad C. glad D. good ‎ ‎【 】2. A. bought B. brought C. sold D. took ‎ ‎【 】3. A. different B. clever C. famous D. rich ‎ ‎【 】4. A. buy B. show C. leave D. sell ‎ ‎【 】5. A. men’s B. people’s C. boy’s D. child’s ‎ ‎【 】6. A. half B. part C. side D. end ‎ ‎【 】7. A. full B. empty C. wrong D. ready ‎ ‎【 】8. A. No B. Some C. Any D. Many ‎ ‎【 】9. A. then B. and C. but D. or ‎ ‎【 】10. A. change B. turn C. pull D. reach ‎ ‎【九】‎ When you are in England, you must be very careful in the streets __1__ the ‎ traffic drives __2__the left. __3__ you cross a street, you must look to the __4__ first and then left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from work, the streets are very __5__. Traffic is most dangerous then.‎ When you go by bus in England, you have to be __6__, too. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. Have a look first, __7_ you will go the wrong way.‎ In many English cities, there are big buses __8__ two floors. You can sit on the second floor. __9__ there you can see the city very __10__. It’s very interesting.‎ ‎【 】1. A. so B. but C. however D. because ‎【 】2. A. in B. on C. to D. by ‎【 】3 A. After B. While C. Before D. But ‎【 】4. A. left B. right C. buses D. front ‎【 】5. A. busy B. long C. many D. dirty ‎【 】6. A. safe B. busy C. dangerous D. careful ‎【 】7. A. and B. or C. because D. when ‎【 】8. A. with B. in C. on D. for ‎【 】9. A. On B. From C. Off D. To ‎【 】10. A. well B. good C. fine D. Nice ‎【十】‎ John sent for a doctor because his wife was ill. He called the doctor and made sure they __1__ meet at five. He arrived at the doctor’s at twenty __2__ five. He thought, “ It’s a little bit earlier. I’ll wait for a moment. It’s good __3__ there on time.” __4__ he stopped his car in front of the doctor’s. He __5__ and saw a noisy square not far from here. He went there and sat down on a chair to enjoy the last light of afternoon sun and __6__ himself quiet. He saw some children playing and some women talking to each other happily.   Suddenly he __7__ a girl crying. He came up to her and asked some questions. Then he knew she got lost. John tried to find out her __8__ and took her home. The girl’s parents were very thankful.     Then John hurried to the doctor’s. When the doctor saw him, he was very __9__ and said, “You’re late. Why did you keep me waiting for twenty minutes?” John said __10__ except one word—sorry. 【 】1. A. should    B. shall    C. would    D. will 【 】2. A. past B. to    C. of    D. after 【 】3. A. to arrived at B. to get  C. to leave    D. to ride 【 】4. A. Every time   B. From now on C. Before D. Then 【 】5. A. looked for B. looked after C. looked at D. looked around 【 】6. A. made    B. let    C. had   D. felt 【 】7. A. hears    B. was hearing C. heard   D. would hear 【 】8. A. name    B. school   C. age  D. address 【 】9. A. polite    B. angry    C. happy  D. kind 【 】10 A. something   B. everything    C. anything    D. nothing 答案：‎ ‎【一】ACBBCCABBB【二】DCAABCABCD【三】ACBDACAACB【四】CCCBCBCABC ‎【五】ABCBBABBBB【六】BABCDDBDCA【七】DCBCDABABC【八】DACDBABACD ‎【九】DBCBADBABA【十】CBBDDACDBD ‎ ‎