- 77.50 KB
- 2021-10-11 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传，淘文库整理发布，可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方，所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议，请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传，本站不保证质量和数量令人满意，可能有诸多瑕疵，付费之前，请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ：403074932
名词
一、 名词分类：
名词分为普通名词和专有名词
普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy, house, insect, tiger等；物质名词，如air, snow, bread, rice等；抽象名词，如glory, honesty, failure, education等。
专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如Cheng Du, China, Obama, China Central Television等。
名词的两大考点：数与格
二、名词的数
1.普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词
(1)可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词
△个体名词: 表示个体的人或事物名称的词。如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag
每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。
A. 单数 表示“一个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加 a 或 an。
如 a book（一本书）、an apple（一个苹果）、an orange（一个橘子）等。
B. 复数 表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pencils（两枝铅笔）、three weeks（三周）等。
△ 集合名词：表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如：people, family, class, furniture
复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。
规则名词复数形式的构成
词形
复数形式的构成方法
例 词
大多数名词
在词尾加-s。（在清辅音后读[s]，在浊辅音及元音后读[z]。）
cat——cats
book---books
dog----dogs
bag——bags
boy--- boys
以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词
在词尾加 -es, 读作[iz]。
glass——glasses
match——matches
以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词
把 y 变成 i , 加 -es, 读作[iz]
city——cities
但专有名词例外，直接在 y后加-s, 读作[z]
Canadian——Canadians
American——Americans
以辅音字母 +o 结尾的名词
一般直接加 -es,读作[z];
tomato——tomatoes
potato —— potatoes
某些词例外,加 -s
kilo--kilos, piano—pianos, photo——photos
以元音字母+o结尾的名词
直接加 -s, 但读作[z]
zoo——zoos
radio——radios
以f或fe结尾的名词
有的直接加 -s, 读作[z]
roof——roofs
大多数要将f或fe变为v,再加-es,读作[z]
leaf——leaves
wife——wives
knife—knives
yourself---yourselves
不规则名词复数形式的构成
复数形式的构成特点
例 词
通过改变词内元音字母
man——men foot——feet
tooth——teeth mouse——mice（老鼠）
通过在词尾加-en或-ren
ox——oxen（牛） child——children
单复数形式相同
a sheep——two sheep
a deer——two deer（鹿）
a Chinese——two Chinese（中国人）
注意事项:
只能用于复数形式的名词有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks
单数名词用于复数含义: people, public, police
特殊名词的讲解：
⑴people 作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。
作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。
There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。
There are fifty-six peoples in our country.
我们国家有56个民族。
⑵clothes等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。
例：My favorite clothes are pants.
⑶ pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts，scissors等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。
例：Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine.
⑷集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数; 指成员时，谓语用复数。
His family is a large family. 指整体 His family like animals. 指成员
⑸有的名词单复数意思不同：
fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
例：hair 和fruit 通常作单数，表示总体。
My hair is black. 我的头发是黑色的。
I like fruit .It’s good for you.我喜欢水果,水果对你的身体有好处。
但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式.
Homer Simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根头发。
She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。
Exercise:
一）在后面加s。如：cat-cats bag-bags day-days fathers, books, Americans
1、Some ______ are flying kites near the river.
A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：class—classes match—matches box----- boxes dish ---- dishes boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes
1. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
2．The _____ has two ______.
A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch
三）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, story-stories
1. Their___ _____(dictionary) look new.
以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。(元音是字母a,e,i,o,u)
如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o结尾(没有生命的)加s（外来词）。
如： photos，zoos ,pianos, radios,（有生命的）加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
1、We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D.potatoe
2．There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table.
A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss
3. Let's take____ ____(photo), OK?
4. I have lots of_____ ___(tomato) here.
五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es。
如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
1、Please remember to give the horse some tree_ __.
A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D.leave
2、Twelve _____ __ were hurt, but no __ _______ were lost in that accident.
A.person;life B.people;lives C.peoples;lives D.persons;life
3. The____ ____(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese, Germen
1、---Are there any ________ on the farm?
---Yes, there are some.
A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep
2、There are a lot of _______ down there but hardly any _______.
A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples
3．Can you see nine _____ in the picture?
A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse
4．There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen
C. Japanese, Germans D. Japaneses, Germans
5. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
1. There are five________(people ) in his family.
2、There are a lot of _______ down there but hardly any _______.
A. sheeps, people B.sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples
3、Twelve _______ were hurt, but no _________ were lost in that accident.
A.person;life B.people;lives C.peoples;lives D.persons;life
八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：
police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员
九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：
action movie-action movies, Looker-on Lookers-on
1、The police investigated those _____ about the accident.
A. stander-by C. standers-by
B. stander-bys D. standers-bys
但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。
如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
1、All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.
a.women doctors c.woman doctors b. women doctor d.woman doctor
2．Two ______ would come to the village.
A.woman-doctors B.women doctor C.women doctors D.woman doctors
3. They are________(woman) doctors.
十）特殊形式的有： man-men, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen ，woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth
1、One ______ of Mike’s was hurt in the accident yesterday.
A. tooth B.feet C.hand D.ear
2、The little baby has two _______ already.
A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
3. The cat caught two ______ last night.
A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices
4．The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study.
A. woman B. women C. man D. men
5．The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed.
A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
6. The deer has four ______.
A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots
7. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
(2)不可数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词
△物质名词：表示无法分为个体的名词。如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice
△抽象名词：表示状态，品质，动作，感情等抽象概念的名词。如：health, happiness, help
个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
可数名词
不可数名词
普通名词
专有名词
注意事项：
1. 不可数名词没有复数变化,不能与a/an 或表示具体数量的词直接连用。这些名词前往往加some, any, no, a little等词。如; some water/ apple juice/ milk
2. 当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：数词+量词+Of+名词 来表述。用量词修饰时，首先要注意量词的单复数；然后要注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如：
one bag of rice. one kilo of apples.
ten bags of rice . ten kilos of apples.
Exercise:
1、They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?
A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water
C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters
2、There is some _______ on the plate(盘子).
A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears
3、Please pass me _____.
A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waters
C. two glasses of water D. two glass water
4、This table is made of __________.
A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D.glass
5、Mr. Smith always has ________ to tell us.
A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news
C. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news
6、Generally there are ______ television programs for children on Saturday.
A.little B. much C.a large number of D.a large amount of
★对量词的提问句型
对可数名词的数量提问用how many；对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。如：
I would like two apples. → How many apples would you like?
I want some bread. →How much bread do you want?
I want three glasses of water.→How many glasses of water do you want？
询问价格用How much，如: How much is the coat? How much are the coats?
二. 名词的所有格
所有格的构成 ：1. 有生命的名词 2. 无生命的名词
★有生命的名词
（1）一般单数名词后加's.
如：my brother's book，Jack's cat，the girl's pen
（2）以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加‘。
如：the girls’ dormitory，a teachers' college
注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加's.如：women's clothes.
（3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加's，
如： Tom and Peter's room 汤姆和彼得的房间（共有）
（4） 如果一样东西不是共有的，两个名词都要加's.
如： Tom's and Peter's rooms 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）
★无生命名词: 无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。如：
the windows of the room （房间的窗户） a picture of the horse （一张马的照片）
名词习题
一． 写出下列名词的复数形式：
1. house _________ 2. it ___________ 3. zoo __________
4. orange _________ 5. bag ___________ 6. exercise ___________
7. brush __________ 8. family ___________ 9. bus ___________
10. city __________ 11. box ___________ 12. baby __________
13. class __________ 14. factory _________ 15. glass __________
16. dictionary __________ 17. watch _________ 18. woman _________
19. match __________ 20. man _________ 21. this__________
22. German __________ 23. tomato _________ 24. policeman ___________
25. kilo __________ 26. human _________ 27. potato ___________
28. Chinese __________ 29. shelf __________ 30. Japanese __________
31. leaf ___________ 32. American __________ 33. life ___________
34. tooth __________ 35. wife ___________ 36. foot ___________
37. knife __________ 38. sheep __________ 39. half ___________
40. child __________ 41.tooth __________ 42.mouth__________
二．选择填空：
1. I want to buy ________.
A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks
2. They don’t have to do _______ today.
A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks
3. There are three ______ and seven ______ in the picture.
A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps
4. June 1 is _______.
A. children’s day B. children’s Day C. Children’s Day D. Children’s day
5. ______ room is next to their parents’.
A. Kate’s and Joan’s B. Kate’s and Joan C. Kate and Joan’s D. Kate and Joan
6. Miss Green is a friend of _______.
A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother C. Mary mother’s D. mother’s of Mary
7. Sheep _______ white and milk _______ also white.
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
8. I’d like to have a glass of milk and _______.
A. two breads B. two pieces of breads
C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread
9. Many ______ are singing over there.
A. woman B. women C. girl D. child
10. He bought _______.
A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes
C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe
11. Mr. White has three _______.
A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens
12. ---Are these ______? --- No, they aren’t. They’re _______.
A.sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows
13. There are many ______ in the fridge.
A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread
14. --- Whose room is this? --- It’s _______.
A. Li Ming B. Li Ming’s C. Li Mings D. Li Mings’
15. Here are ______ for you, Sue.
A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato
16. Here are some birthday cards with our best ______ for her.
A. wish B. hope C. wishes D. hopes
17. I always go to that ______ to buy food on Sunday.
A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden
18. ______ room is on the 5th floor.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s
19. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ________.
A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges
C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges
20. 10. The cat caught two ______ last night.
A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices
21. I met some ______ in the park and talked with them the other day.
A. Janpaneses B. American C. Chineses D. English
22. There are two ______ in the room.
A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves
23. There are seven ______ in a week.
A. years B. months C. days D. minutes
24. My father is a ______. He works in a hospital.
A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. writer
25. --- Excuse me, are you ______? --- Yes, I’m from ________.
A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D. American, America
26. They are ______ jackets. A. Lucy’ s B. Lucy’
27. What color is ______ coat. A. Peter’s B. Peter’
28. These are ______ books. A. teachers’s B. teachers’
29. They are ______ ice creams A. children’ B. children’s
30. This is ______ bag. A. Tom and Peter’ B.Tom’s and Peter’s
31. Where are ______ . A. the school’s students B. students of the school
32. Those are ______ bags. A. drivers’s B. drivers’
33.This bag is ______ . A. Mary’s and Tom’s B. Mary and Tom’s
34. ______ fathers are coming.
A. Mary’s and Kate’s B. Mary’s and Kate C. Mary and Kate’s
35.How ____ are these books? A. many B. much
36. This pair of pants ______ blue. I like _____ very much.
A. is, it B. are, them C. is, them D. are, it
37.How ______ glasses of water do you want? A. many B. much
38. This is ________.
A. Mike and Jim's bike B. Mike's and Jim bike
C. Mike's and Jim's bike D. Mike and Jim bike
39. These are ______.
A. Amy and Lingling’s room B. Amy’s and Lingling’s room
C. Amy’s and Lingling’s rooms D. Amy and Lingling’s room
40. My ____ ____ big and my _____ _____ happy.
A. family is family are B. family is families are
三．根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I have a lot of ____ __ to do. (homework)
2. There are seven _ ___ in a week. (day)
3. How many _ ____ can you see? (tomato)
4. Miss Guo is wearing a pair of _____ __. (glass)
6. There are two_____ ___ over there．（bench）
7. I like taking ___ _____．（photo）
8. l can see two______ ____ standing there．（woman）
9. There are two baskets of______ ____ on the floor．（apple）
10.There are three______ ____．（knife）
11. How many______ __(sheep) are there on the hill?
12. There is some_____ ___(food) in the basket.
13. The baby has only two_____ ___(tooth) now.
14. There is a lot of____ ____(water) in the bottle.
15. There are five______ __(people ) in his family.
17. The_____ ___(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
18. The______ __(child) are playing games on the playground now.
19. Their_____ ___(dictionary) are very new.
20. I see you have a few white___ _____(hair).
21. They are__ ______(woman) doctors.
22. Can you give me some bottles of __ __ (orange), please?
23. There are many___ _____(fox) in the picture.
24. I would like some apple_____ ___(juice). I am very thirsty.
六． 翻译下列词组
一瓶牛奶 一杯茶 一双鞋子
两条裤子 三杯桔子汁 六包盐
五千克鸡蛋 一些面包 一点水
微信/支付宝扫码支付下载