• 85.21 KB
  • 2021-10-11 发布

初一上册英语知识点大全

  • 9页
  • 当前文档由用户上传发布,收益归属用户
  1. 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
  2. 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
  3. 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
  4. 网站客服QQ:403074932
初一上册英语知识点大全 1. Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz 元音字母:Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu 辅音字母:Bb Cc Dd Ff Gg Hh Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz 2. 字母发音与单词拼读 3. 成分:主语,谓语,宾语,定语 Starter Unit 1 Good morning 1. 关于英语名字的性别 Name List:‎ First name/ given name:‎ Male (Boy’s name):Bob, Dale, Eric, Frank, Alan, Tom, Mike, Jack, Paul, John, David, Bill, ‎ Female (Girl’s name): Alice, Cindy, Grace, Helen, Gina, Jenny, Mary, Linda, Jane, Sally, Kate, Anna ‎ Last name/ family name: Brown, Miller, Green, Smith 2. 基本句型 a.‎ ‎——Hello (Hi)!‎ ‎——Hello (Hi)!‎ b.‎ ‎——Good morning (Morning)!‎ ‎——Good morning (Morning)!‎ ‎——Good Afternoon (Afternoon)!‎ ‎——Good Afternoon (Afternoon)!‎ ‎——Good Evening (Evening)!‎ ‎——Good Evening (Evening)!‎ c.‎ ‎——How are you?‎ ‎——I’m fine (Fine), thanks. How are you (And you)?‎ ‎——I’m Ok.‎ ‎(I’m = I am)‎ Starter Unit 2 What’s this in English?‎ 1. 不定冠词a/an 英语中,不定冠词a/an 用于名词之前,泛指“一个”。当所修饰的名词发音为辅音字母开头时,就用不定冠词a; 当所修饰的名词发音为元音字母开头时,就用不定冠词an。例如,a key, a jacket, a map; an apple, an egg, an orange。‎ 2. 基本句型 ‎——What’s this in English?‎ ‎——It’s a / an + 实物名称.‎ ‎——Spell it, please ( How to spell it? ). ‎ ‎——K-E-Y. (单词字母大写)‎ ‎( What’s this in English? = What’s the English for sth.?; It’s = It is)‎ Starter Unit 3 What color is it?‎ 基本句型:‎ a.‎ The key is + 颜色. (The key is yellow.) ‎ b.‎ ‎——What’s this ( in English) ?‎ ‎——It’s… (It’s a/an + 实物)‎ ‎——Spell it, please. ( How to spell it)?‎ ‎——K-E-Y. (单词字母大写)‎ ‎——What color is it?‎ ‎——It’s + 颜色. ‎ Unit 1 My name’s Gina.‎ 1. 英语国家的姓和名 a. 姓(Last name/Family name); 名(First name/Given name)‎ b. 英语姓名和汉语姓名的位置顺序不同。汉语中,姓+名;英语中,名+姓。‎ c. 在非正式场合和熟人之间,英语国家的人往往直呼其名。‎ 在正式场合和陌生人之间,人们常常在姓氏前面加上Mr.(先生), Ms.(女士), Mrs.(夫人,太太)等称谓。例如,Mr. Black/ Ms. Green/ Mrs. Miller. ‎ 2. 人称代词(主格),人称代词(宾格),形容词性物主代词 人称代词(主格)‎ I you he/she/it we they 人称代词(宾格)‎ Me you him/her/It us them 形容词性物主代词(+名词)‎ My your his/her/its our their 3. 基本句型 a. ‎——Hello/Hi/Good morning, My name’s Gina. What’s your name?‎ ‎——I’m Jenny. Nice to meet you!‎ ‎——Nice to meet you, too!‎ b. ‎——What’s your name? 你叫什么名字?‎ ‎——My name’s Helen. = My name is Helen. = I’m Helen. = I am Helen. 我叫海伦。‎ ‎——What’s his name?‎ ‎——His name’s Jack. = His name is Jack. = He’s Jack. = He is Jack. ‎ ‎——what’s her name?‎ ‎——Her name’s Mary. = Her name is Mary. = She’s Mary. = She is Mary. ‎ c. ‎——Are you Helen? 你是海伦吗?‎ ‎——Yes, I am.是的,我是。 / No, I’m not. 不,我不是。‎ a. ‎——Is he/she Jack/Helen? 他/她是杰克/海伦吗?‎ ‎——Yes, he/she is. 是的,他/她是。/ No, he/she isn’t. 不,他/她不是。‎ 1. 缩略与完整形式 What’s = what is ‎ Name’s = name is ‎ I’m = I am He’s = he is ‎ She’s = she is ‎ Isn’t = is not.‎ 2. Numbers a. Zero one two three four five six seven nine ten ‎ b. Telephone number = phone number 电话号码 c. ‎——What’s your telephone number/phone number?‎ ‎——It’s + 数字. ‎ 3. ID card 身份证;(个人身份)信息卡 a.‎ First name Mary Last name Miller Telephone number/phone number ‎271-988756‎ b. 公共电话号码 ‎120, 114, 110,119我国公共服务电话。911美国报警电话。‎ Unit 2 This is my sister.‎ 1. 文化差异 在我国,家庭亲属成员之间的称谓可体现出性别,长幼,血缘关系的亲疏等。例如,性别:爷爷,奶奶;长幼:哥哥,妹妹;血缘关系的亲疏:爷爷,外公,哥哥,表哥,堂哥等。通过称呼便可得知双方的基本关联信息。‎ 而在英语国家,在称呼中对辈分,性别,长幼与血缘关系亲疏不做细分。例如,grandfather/grandpa 既可指爷爷,也可指外公;sister既可指姐姐,也可指妹妹;uncle 与aunt 不仅指父亲一方的兄弟、姐妹或他们的配偶,同时也指母亲一方的兄弟、姐妹或她们的配偶;cousin则泛指堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹以及表兄、表弟、表姐、表妹。‎ 2. Family:‎ 表示家庭成员时(families),谓语用复数;‎ 表示整个家庭时,谓语用单数;‎ 表示很多家庭时(families),谓语用复数。‎ 1. Family Tree Grandfather = grandpa grandmother = grandma father = dad mother = mom ‎ Uncle aunt sister brother daughter son cousin ‎ Grandmother=grandma Grandfather=grandpa ‎ Uncle Aunt ‎ Mother=mom Father= dad Brother Sister ‎ Brother ‎ Daughter Cousin 2. This that those these ‎ This 这,这个:后面接谓语单数形式 That 那,那个:后面接谓语单数形式 These 这些:后面接谓语复数形式 Those 那些:后面接谓语复数形式 And 和,又,而 Too 也 ‎5.基本句型 a. ‎ That’s my family. = That is my family. ‎ ‎ Those’re my brothers. = Those are my brothers.‎ ‎ Who’s she/he? = Who is she/he?‎ ‎ Who’re they? = Who are they?‎ ‎ And who’s she/he? = And who is she/he?‎ b. ‎ ‎——(Well,) Have a good day, Sally! ‎ ‎ ——Thanks(=Thank you)! You, too. ‎ c.‎ ‎ Here are two nice photos of my family. = Two nice photos of my family are here. ‎ 这儿有两张我家美好的全家福。‎ ‎(倒装句,将Here地点状语和谓语are提前,主语置后。作文加分句。选择题常见。)‎ Unit 3 Is this your pencil?‎ 1. 人称代词(主格)‎ I you he/she/it we they 人称代词(宾格)‎ Me you him/her/it us them 形容词性物主代词(+名词)‎ My you his/her/its our their 名词性物主代词 Mime yours his/hers/its ours theirs 形容词性物主代词:其后接名词:for example: her watch 名词性物主代词:相当于形容词无助代词加了名词:for example:‎ ‎——Is this your watch?‎ ‎ ——No, it’s not mime. It is hers.‎ 2. ‎“’s”‎ a. It is a pen. = It’s a pen 它是一只钢笔。 ‎ ‎(此处’s 是Be动词的一种形式,表示单数。)‎ b. He’s Helen’s father. = He is Helen’s father. 他是海伦的父亲。‎ ‎ (靠前的’s意义同上。靠后的’s表示名词所有格,用于名词的后边,表示:……的。)‎ 3. This和that 做主语时,疑问句的回答要用it。 ‎ These 和those做主语时,疑问句的回来用they . ‎ For example: ——Is this your pencil?‎ ‎ ——Yes, it is. It’s mime. / No, it isn’t. it’s hers.‎ ‎ ——Are those her books?‎ ‎ ——yes, they are. They’re hers./ No, they aren’t. They’re mime.‎ 4. 基本句型 a. ‎——Is this your pencil?‎ ‎——Yes, it is. (It’s mime.)/ No, it isn’t. it’s hers.‎ ‎——Is that his green pen? ‎ ‎——Yes, it is. It’s mime. / No, it isn’t. it’s his.‎ ‎——Are these your books?‎ ‎——Yes, they are. They are mime. / No, they aren’t. They’re hers.‎ ‎——Are those his keys?‎ ‎——Yes, they are. They are his./ No, they aren’t. They’re his. ‎ a. Excuse me. 劳驾,打扰了。(常用于询问、求助或请求前。)‎ For example: ——Excuse me, Grace. Is this your pencil?‎ ‎ ——yes, it is. It’s mime. / No, it isn’t. it’s his. ‎ b. What about……?/How about……?‎ ‎(what about……用于非正式场合中对所谈话题进行反问,或征求对方意见,表示“……怎么样呢?”“……又如何呢?” what about……? = How about……?) , 可接名词,代词或动词-ing形式。‎ ‎ For example: I’‎ c. Thank you for your help. = Thanks for your help. ‎ You’re welcome. ‎ d. Lost and Found.失物招领处 e. Ask sb. for it. (sb. = somebody) 去某某某那儿拿。/到某某某那儿领。‎ For example: ask the teacher for it. Ask the office for it. ‎ f. E-mail sb. at + 邮箱 Call sb. at + 电话号码 Please meet sb. at + 地址 g. A set of sth. 一套……, 一副…….‎ For example: a set of keys一串钥匙 ‎ A set of books 一套书籍 ‎ A set of music CDs. 一套音乐光碟 i. Must 情态动词(放于动词前)‎ For example: I must go now. ‎ Unit 4. Where’s my schoolbag?‎ 1. 介词on, in, under.‎ a. on表示"在……上面"(与物体表面接触)。如:‎ on the table在桌子上 on the wall在墙上 The cup is on the table. 茶杯在餐桌上。‎ My books are on the desk. 我的书在书桌上。‎ b. in 表示"在……内(中)"(在某一范围之内)。如:‎ in the room 在房间里 in the box 在盒子里 in Grade Three 在三年级 My pen is in the pencil-box. 我的钢笔在文具盒里。‎ There is a fox in the box. 有一只狐狸在盒子里。‎ c. under 表示"在……下面(方)"。如:‎ under the bed 在床下面 under the tree 在树下面 My shoes are under the bed. 我的鞋在床下面。‎ His bike is under the tree. 他的自行车在树下面。‎ 1. 基本句型 ‎ ‎——Where’s the map? = Where is the map?‎ ‎——It’s in your grandparents’ room. = It is in your grandparents’ room.‎ ‎——Where are my books?‎ ‎——They’re on the sofa. = They are on the sofa.‎ ‎——Is the key on the table?‎ ‎——Yes, it is. It’s on the table./ No, it isn’t. it’s on the sofa.‎ ‎——Are the keys in the box?‎ ‎——Yes, they are. They’re in the box. / No, they aren’t. They’re on the table.‎ ‎(where’s = where is)‎ ‎3. 疑问句的句式总结 a. 疑问词(Where,Who,How,What……)+谓语+定语+主语?‎ b. 谓语(Is/ Are)+主语+状语(In/On/Under)?(表示一种猜测)‎ For example: where is my map? = where’s my map? 我的地图在哪儿?‎ ‎ Is it on the table? 它在桌上吗?‎ Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?‎ 1. 关于英语中球类运动的词汇 a. Tennis和tennis ball 两者都表示“网球”之意,意义却完全不相同:Tennis 是指运动项目名称,即“网球运动”;Tennis Ball则指具体的“球”,有单复数之分。例如:a tennis ball一个网球;some tennis balls一些网球。‎ b. Have a basketball 和 play basketball Have a basketball 是指“有一个篮球”, play basketball 是指“打篮球”。‎ 篮球运动,不需要使用其他词汇进行限定 篮球,加不定冠词a 2. Let sb. do sth. (sb. = somebody, do表示谓语动词, sth.= something)‎ Let’s = let us: let’s play. Let’s ask. Let’s play computer game. Let me get it. 让我去拿。‎ Please let your little brother play. ‎ 1. I think I think “我认为,我想”。用来表达自己的判断或想法,课放在自己的观点面前或后面。‎ For example: I think he’s your brother.‎ ‎ You can play the computer game, I think.‎ 2. That sounds good.‎ Sound 表示“听上去……., 听起来…….,听着……”。例如:‎ That sounds interesting. 那听起来挺有趣的。‎ 3. do和does的用法 ‎ do 是原形 does 是do 的第三人称单数形式)‎ a. 作为行为动词,跟其他动词一样,如study, play等。他的意思是“做”等。‎ 如: We usually do our homework in the afternoon. He does his homework in the evening. ‎ b. 作为助动词,也就是帮助主要动词构成否定和疑问等。 ‎ We don't like bananas. 我们不喜欢香蕉。‎ Do you like apples? 你喜欢苹果吗?‎ Does he like English?他喜欢英语吗?‎ ‎ He doesn't like swimming. 他不喜欢游泳。‎ 上面有一句He does his homework in the evening.(他在晚上做作业)‎ 要是变成否定句就成了这个样子: ‎ He doesn't do his homework in the evening. (他晚上没有做作业)‎ ‎(这里加上了助动词doesn't,而原来的主动词does变成原形do了。 )‎ ‎ ‎ c. 作为助动词的do和does是没有词义的,它们在句中的构成一般现在时的疑问句和否定句. ‎ Do用于主语第一人称,第二人称和第三人称复数形式的疑问句,陈述句和否定句中,does用于主语第三人称单数的陈述句中。 ‎ For example: Do you want to be a teacher? 你想成为一个老师吗? ‎ ‎ (助动词+主语+谓语动词+宾语)主语第二人称用Do Do his friends go to park every day? 他的朋友们每天都去公园吗? ‎ ‎(助动词+主语+谓语动词+宾语)主语第三人称复数用Do I don’t like him. 我不喜欢他。 主语第一人称用Do Where does Tom come from? 汤姆来自哪里? 主语第三人称用Does I don’t know. 我不知道。 主语第一人称用Do He doesn’t live here. 他不住在这儿。主语第三人称用Does。‎ 4. But的用法 And表示连接和承接。例如:Jack and Mary are my cousins. 杰克和玛丽是我的堂兄妹。‎ But 表示转折。例如:I like swimming, but my sister is not. 我喜欢游泳,但是我的妹妹不喜欢。‎ 1. at 表地点,后面加地点 with表“和;与;跟……一起”后面加人。‎ 例如:‎ Now I’m with my father at home.我现在和我的父亲在家。‎ Can you go with us?你能和我们一块儿去吗?‎ 2. It 形式主语 It’s adj. for sb. to do sth. ‎ 真正的主语 形式主语 ‎(adj. 表示形容词;sb. 表示somebody某人;sth. 表示某事:something)‎