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初一英语语法知识点大全

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初一英语语法知识点大全 ‎  一、初一英语语法——词法 ‎  1、名词 ‎  A)、名词的数 ‎  我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:‎ ‎  一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas ‎  二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes ‎  三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories ‎  2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways ‎  四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯 ‎  五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves ‎  六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese ‎  七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks ‎  八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员 ‎  九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers ‎  十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡 ‎  十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs ‎  十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen ‎  B)名词的格 ‎  当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:‎ ‎  一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s ‎  二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节 ‎  三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)‎ ‎  2、代词 ‎  项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词 ‎  人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性 ‎  第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself ‎  复数 we us our ours ourselves ‎  第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself ‎  复数 you you your yours yourselves ‎  第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself ‎  he him his his himself ‎  it it its its this that itself ‎  复数 they them their theirs these those themselves ‎  3、动词 ‎  A) 第三人称单数 ‎  当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:‎ ‎  一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains ‎  二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes ‎  三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries ‎  2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys ‎  四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes ‎  五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has ‎  B) 现在分词 ‎  当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:‎ ‎  一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing ‎  二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having ‎  三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning ‎  四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于 ‎  4、形容词的级 ‎  我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:‎ ‎  一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest ‎  二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest ‎  三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest ‎  四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)‎ ‎  good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst ‎  little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest ‎  5、数词 (基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth ‎  二、初一英语语法——句式 ‎  1.陈述句 ‎  肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)‎ ‎  b) He looks very young. (连系动词)‎ ‎  c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)‎ ‎  d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)‎ ‎  e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)‎ ‎  否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice.‎ ‎  c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll.‎ ‎  e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)‎ ‎  2. 祈使句 ‎  肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English!‎ ‎  c) Come in, please.‎ ‎  否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.‎ ‎  3. 疑问句 ‎  1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?‎ ‎  d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?‎ ‎  肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.‎ ‎  否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.‎ ‎  2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.‎ ‎  3) 特殊疑问句 ‎  ① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.‎ ‎  ② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.‎ ‎  ③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.‎ ‎  ④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.‎ ‎  How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.‎ ‎  ⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?‎ ‎  ⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..‎ ‎  What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.‎ ‎  When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.‎ ‎  ⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.‎ ‎  ⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.‎ ‎  What’s your favourite color? It’s black.‎ ‎  ⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.‎ ‎  Who is the boy in blue? My brother.‎ ‎  Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.‎ ‎  Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?‎ ‎  ⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.‎ ‎  What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.‎ ‎  11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.‎ ‎  What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.‎ ‎  What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.‎ ‎  12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.‎ ‎  13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.‎ ‎  14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.‎ ‎  15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.‎ ‎  16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.‎ ‎  17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.‎ ‎  What’s your father? He’s a doctor.‎ ‎  三、初一英语语法——时态 ‎  1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:‎ ‎  Be 动词:She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.‎ ‎  情态动词:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.‎ ‎  行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.‎ ‎  Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.‎ ‎  2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.‎ ‎  I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.‎ ‎  Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.‎ ‎  They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.‎ ‎  1. 形容词的用法:‎ ‎  形容词用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征。在句中可以作定语、表语,用于限定被修饰语的特征,如长短、大小、重量、颜色、高矮、胖瘦、新旧等,。‎ ‎  The little girl is very pretty. 这个小女孩很好看。‎ ‎  --I want that one. 我想要那个。‎ ‎  --Which one? 哪一个?‎ ‎  --The new blue one. 那个蓝色新的。‎ ‎  Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那个大的漂亮的吗?‎ ‎  2、人称代词:‎ ‎  是用来表示人的代词,有单数和负数之分,有主格和宾格之分。人称代词的主格在句中作主语;人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语,是作动词或介词的宾语。‎ ‎  主格:I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主语 ‎  宾格:me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作宾语 ‎  He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一个班级。‎ ‎  Can you see them in the street? 你能看见他们在街上吗?‎ ‎  3、可数名词和不可数名词 ‎  英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡是可数计数的名词叫做可数名词;凡是不可以计数的名词叫做不可数名词。‎ ‎  (1)可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。可数名词前可以用不定冠词、数词或some many等修饰。如:a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens ‎  (2)不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词、数词或many等词语修饰,但可以用some a little much等词语来修饰。有时可以与一些量词短语搭配,这些量词短语中的名词一般是可数的,有单数形式,也可以有复数形式。如:some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water ‎  4、祈使句 ‎  祈使句用来表示请求、命令等,句中没有主语,肯定形式由谓语或者谓语+宾语(+宾语补足语)构成,否定形式则在句前加Don’t.‎ ‎  Stand up, please. 请起立。 Don’t worry. 别担心。‎ ‎  can的用法:‎ ‎  can是情态动词,表示“能,会,可以,被允许等”,其后接动词原形,否定形式为cannot,可缩写为can’t.‎ ‎  She can speak Japanese. 她会讲日语。‎ ‎  I can’t remember his name. 我不记得他的名字了。‎ ‎  Can you spell your name? 你会拼写你的名字吗?‎ ‎  5、现在进行时态:‎ ‎  概念:表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作,也可以表示目前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的活动。‎ ‎  结构:由be动词(am, is, are) + 动词ing构成,其中be动词要与主语保持性数一致。‎ ‎  Mary is flying a kite in the park. 玛丽正在公园里放风筝。‎ ‎  --What are you doing now? 你现在在干什么?‎ ‎  --I’m reading English. 我正在读英语。‎ ‎  Are they drawing the pictures now? 他们正在画画吗?‎ ‎  动词现在分词是动词原形变化而来的,规则变化如下:‎ ‎  动词ing形式叫动词现在分词,其构成如下:‎ ‎  1) 直接在动词后加ing ‎  play—playing, do—doing, talk—talking, sing--singing ‎  2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加ing ‎  make—making, write—writing, have—having, take—taking ‎  3) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这个辅音字母,再加ing ‎  run—running, stop—stopping, put—putting, swim—swimming ‎  注意对现在进行时态的判断。判断一个英语句子用什么时态,主要看句子的时间状语,一般说来,每种时态都有与之相对应的时间状语。现在进行时表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。因此,这个时态最常用的时间状语是now;但有不少句子并没有now,只能通过提示语如look、listen等或者通过上下文来确定用现在进行时。‎ ‎  She is cleaning her room now. 她正在打扫房间。‎ ‎  Look! The girl is dancing over there. 看!那个女孩在那里跳舞。‎ ‎  Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我们一起做游戏吗?‎ ‎  Can’t you see I am doing my homework? 你没看见我正在做作业吗?‎ ‎  6、have/ has的用法:‎ ‎  1) 谓语动词have表示“有”,有两种形式:have和has,前者用于第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you)和第三人称复数(they),后者用于第三人称单数(he, she, it)或单数名词。‎ ‎  I have an apple and he has two bananas. 我有一个苹果,他有两个香蕉。‎ ‎  You have a new English teacher. 你们有了一个新的英语老师。‎ ‎  It has two big eyes. 它有一双大眼睛。‎ ‎  Julie and Jack have a nice car. 朱莉和杰克有一辆好看的车。‎ ‎  2) have/has句型与there be句型的比较:两者都表示“有”,但用法不同。前者表示所属关系,即表示“某人或某物有什么”,而后者表示存在,表示“某地有什么”。‎ ‎  They have some new books. 他们有一些新书。‎ ‎  There are some new books on their desks. 他们桌子上有一些新书。‎ ‎  She has a lot of pretty skirts. 她有很多漂亮的裙子。‎ ‎  There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop. 商店里有很多漂亮的裙子。‎ ‎  3) have/ has的否定句,一般要加助动词do/ does,再加not构成,即do not have (don’t have)/ does not have (doesn’t have)‎ ‎  . She does not have a sister. 她没有姐姐。‎ ‎  We don’t have any classes on Saturday. 我们星期六没有课。‎ ‎  Ann and I don’t have a big room. 我和安没有一个大房间。‎ ‎  4) 一般疑问句由“助动词Do/ Does + 主语 + have + 宾语”构成,回答用Yes, … do/ does.或者No, … don’t/ doesn’t.‎ ‎  --Do you have a big house? 他们的房子大吗?‎ ‎  --No, they don’t. 不,他们的房子不大。‎ ‎  --Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮吗?‎ ‎  --Yes, he does. 他有的。‎ ‎  5) 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词 + 助动词do/ does + have (+状语)构成。‎ ‎  What do they have? 他们有什么?‎ ‎  What does he have? 他有什么?‎ ‎  How many telephones do they have? 他们有几部电话?‎ ‎  7、介词用法:‎ ‎  1) 具体时间前介词用at。‎ ‎  . He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七点半起床。‎ ‎  She goes to bed at eleven o’clock. 她十一点睡觉。‎ ‎  2) 表示“在早上,在下午,在晚上”的短语中用介词in,且定冠词the不能省略;表示“在中午,在夜里”的短语中介词用at,不加冠词。‎ ‎  in the morning在早上,in the afternoon 在下午,in the evening 在晚上 ‎  at noon在中午,at night在夜里 ‎  3) 表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短语用介词on。‎ ‎  What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么?‎ ‎  Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有时你星期五晚上出去吃饭吗?‎ ‎  He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看DVD。‎ ‎  Parents take children to parks on June 1. 六月一日,家长们带着孩子去公园。‎ ‎  4) 在this, last, next, every等词前面既不加介词,也不用冠词。‎ ‎  What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么?‎ ‎  He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每个星期五都去看望祖母。‎ ‎  She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下个星期一去上海。‎ ‎  8、一般现在时 ‎  一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或表示现在的特征或状态。‎ ‎  其动词形式是:动词原形(只有第三人称单数作主语时除外,要加-s)其疑问句和否定句需要用助动词do或does ‎  1) 肯定句用行为动词原形表示 ‎  They get up very early every morning. 他们每天早晨起来很早。‎ ‎  I visit my grandparents four times a month. 我一个月去看望祖父母四次。‎ ‎  2) 否定句用don’t + 动词原形来表示 ‎  We do not go shopping on Sundays. 我们周日不去购物。‎ ‎  I don’t think you like this colour. 我想你不喜欢这个颜色。‎ ‎  3) 一般疑问句则是把助动词do提前至句首,后面动词用原形。回答时,肯定用 “Yes, 主语+do”;否定句用 “No, 主语+don’t”。‎ ‎  –Do they go to school at seven o’clock? 他们七点去上学吗?‎ ‎  --Yes, they do.‎ ‎  --Do you like this skirt? 你喜欢这条裙子吗?‎ ‎  --No, I don’t. 不,我不喜欢。‎ ‎  一般现在时用来表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与以下的时间状语连用:often 经常,always 总是,sometimes 有时,usually 通常,every day/ week 每天/ 周等。‎ ‎  He usually goes to school by bike. 通常他骑车上学。‎ ‎  I visit my grandparents every week. 我每个星期都去看祖父母。‎ ‎  She is always late for class. 她总是上课迟到。‎ ‎  My parents and I sometimes go out to eat. 我和父母有时出去吃饭。‎ ‎  It often rains here. 这儿常常下雨。‎ ‎  主语为第三人称单数时的一般现在时 ‎  一般现在时态,当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词也要是第三人称单数,后要加-s或-es。‎ ‎  He likes reading at night. 他喜欢夜里读书。‎ ‎  She usually goes to school by bike. 她平时骑车上学。‎ ‎  The little cat drinks milk every day. 小猫每天都喝牛奶。‎ ‎  转换成否定句要加doesn’t,其后的动词用原形。‎ ‎  Kelly doesn’t get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 凯丽星期六星期天起床不早。‎ ‎  He doesn’t feel well today. 他今天感觉不舒服。‎ ‎  转换成一般疑问句,句首用Does,其后的动词用原形。‎ ‎  Does he have lunch at school? 他在学校吃午饭吗?‎ ‎  Does it take long by train? 乘火车要很长时间吗?‎ 初一英语语法重点总结(2)‎ 初一的语法知识包括:‎ ‎  主要掌握几种时态 ‎  1,一般现在时 ‎  2,一般过去时 ‎  3,一般将来时 ‎  4,现在进行时 ‎  还有几种词 ‎  1,名词 ‎  2,代词 ‎  3,形容词 ‎  4,动词 ‎  5,冠词 ‎  初一英语语法 ‎  一、词法 ‎  1、名词 ‎  A)、名词的数 ‎  我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:‎ ‎  一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas ‎  二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes ‎  三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories ‎  2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways ‎  四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯 ‎  五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves ‎  六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese ‎  七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks ‎  八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员 ‎  九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers ‎  十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡 ‎  十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs ‎  十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen ‎  B)名词的格 ‎  当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:‎ ‎  一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s ‎  二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节 ‎  三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)‎ ‎  2、代词 ‎  项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词 ‎  人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性 ‎  第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself ‎  复数 we us our ours ourselves ‎  第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself ‎  复数 you you your yours yourselves ‎  第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself ‎  he him his his himself ‎  it it its its this that itself ‎  复数 they them their theirs these those themselves ‎  3、动词 ‎  A) 第三人称单数 ‎  当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:‎ ‎  一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains ‎  二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes ‎  三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries ‎  2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys ‎  四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes ‎  五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has ‎  B) 现在分词 ‎  当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:‎ ‎  一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing ‎  二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having ‎  三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning ‎  四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于 ‎  4、形容词的级 ‎  我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:‎ ‎  一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest ‎  二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest ‎  三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest ‎  四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)‎ ‎  good/well - better best many/much - more most  bad/ill – worse worst ‎  little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest ‎  5、数词 (基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth ‎  二、句式 ‎  1.陈述句 ‎  肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)‎ ‎  b) He looks very young. (连系动词)‎ ‎  c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)‎ ‎  d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)‎ ‎  e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)‎ ‎  否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice.‎ ‎  c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll.‎ ‎  e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)‎ ‎  2. 祈使句 ‎  肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English!‎ ‎  c) Come in, please.‎ ‎  否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.‎ ‎  3. 疑问句 ‎  1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student?  b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?‎ ‎  d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?‎ ‎  肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.‎ ‎  否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.‎ ‎  2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small?  回答 It’s big./ It’s small.‎ ‎  3) 特殊疑问句 ‎  ① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.‎ ‎  ② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.‎ ‎  ③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.‎ ‎  ④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.‎ ‎  How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.‎ ‎  ⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?‎ ‎  ⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..‎ ‎  What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.‎ ‎  When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.‎ ‎  ⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.‎ ‎  ⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.‎ ‎  What’s your favourite color? It’s black.‎ ‎  ⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.‎ ‎  Who is the boy in blue? My brother.‎ ‎  Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.‎ ‎  Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?‎ ‎  ⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.‎ ‎  What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.‎ ‎  11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.‎ ‎  What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.‎ ‎  What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.‎ ‎  12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.‎ ‎  13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.‎ ‎  14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.‎ ‎  15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.‎ ‎  16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.‎ ‎  17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.‎ ‎  What’s your father? He’s a doctor.‎ ‎  三、时态 ‎  1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:‎ ‎  Be 动词:She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.‎ ‎  情态动词:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.‎ ‎  行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.‎ ‎  Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.‎ ‎  2、现在进行时  表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.‎ ‎  I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.‎ ‎  Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.‎ ‎  They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.‎