初一英语上册知识点归纳与总结 7页

一、词 （ 一 ） 名词 1、 名词的复数 （1）、一般的直接加 s，如 desk（desks） 、pen(pens) 、ruler(rulers) （2）、以 x 、s、ch、sh 结 尾 的 加 es 如 box(boxes)、class(classes)、watch(watches)等 （3）、以辅音字母加 y 结尾的要变 y 为 i 加 es， 如 family ,comedy,documentary 等 (4)、以 0 结尾的名词，有生命的加 es 如：tomato(tomatoes) 、potato (potatoes ); 没有生 命的加 s,如 photo(photos)、piano(pianos)、zero(zeros) 2、 名词所有格在名词的后边加’s ,表示后面的名词属于前面的名词所有 ， 如 LiLei’s bag Tom’s desk 、her mother’s brother 3、 专用名词的大写 如 English、Brown 、Rush 、Sunday 、January 、December、 Beijing Opera （ 二 ） 动词 1、 动词的种类(四类) 系动词如 be(is am are)； 情态动词如 can 、may、need；助动词（ do does）；行为 动词如 take 、bring、eat、have(has)、like、sell、buy、sale、play、see、find、go、watch、 thank、think 等 2、 动词的第三人称单数（与名词的复数一样 ） 如 eat(eats) take (takes) buy (buys) play (plays) have(has) are (is) 3、 动词的时态（一般现在时 ） （ 1）含有系动词的 I’m a Chinese boy . She is twelve . He is Tim’s brother . Her mother is an English teacher . 含有系动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只将“主语和系动词交换位置”，上面句子变 成一般疑 问句时分别为 Are you a Chinese boy ?（ 注意第一人称通常变为第二人称 ） Is she twelve ? Is he Tim’s brother ? Is her mother an English teacher ? 含有系动词的句子在变否定句时只须“在系动词的后边加上 not”，前面的几个了陈 述句变否定句分别为 I’m not a Chinese boy. She isn’t twelve . He is not Tim’s btother . Her mother isn’t an English teacher . (2)含有情态动词的句子 （ can ）, She can play basketball. His mother’s cousin can sing many English songs. 含有情态动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只须将“主语和情态动词交换位置”，上面 两句变一般疑问句分别为 Can she play basketball ? Can his mother’s cousin sing many English songs ? 含有情态动词的句子在变否定句时直接在情态动词的后边加上 not ,上面两个陈述句 变否定句分别为 She can not play basketball . His mother’s cousin can not sing many English songs . (3)含有行为动词的句子 We have many friends. They watch TV at 7 in the evening . The students take their books to school . I have lunch at school . You have a sister . ○1 含有行为动词的句子在变一般疑问句时要在原句子的前面加 do.上面的句子变成 一般疑问句分别为 Do you have many friends ? Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening ? Do the students take their books to school ? Do you have lunch at school ? Do you have a sister ? ○2 含有行为动词的句子在变否定句时只须在行为动词前加 don’t .上述五个陈述句 变否定句分别为 We don’t have many friends. They don’t watch TV at 7 in the evening . The students don’t take their books to school . I don’t have lunch at school . You don’t have a sister . ○3 含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词要加 s (或 es)如： She has a red pen . He has eggs for breakfast . Her mother buys a skirt for her . She likes thrillers . My brother watches TV every evening . He wants to go to a movie . 含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，变一般疑问句要“在原句子的 前面加上 does , 同时行为动词要还原”。上面的句子变成一般疑问句分别为： Does she have a red pen ? Does he have eggs for breakfast ? Does her mother buy a skirt for her ? Does she like thrillers ？ Does your brother watch TV every evening ？ Does he want to go to a movie ？ 含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，变否定句时“在行为动词前面 加 does’nt , 同时原行为动词要还原”。上面的句子变否定句分别为： She doesn’t have a red pen . He doesn’t have eggs for breakfast . Her mother doesn’t buy a skirt for her . She doesn’t like thrillers . My brother doesn’t watch TV every evening . He doesn’t want to go to a movie . （三）形容词 本册所学的形容词不多，注意拼法和反义词 big (small) long (short) sad (happy) boring (interestingfunny ) exciting difficult relaxing great healthy old (new) successful white (black) （四）代词 1、人称代词和物主代词 人称代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 主格 I we you you she he it they 宾格 me us you you her him it them 物主代词 my our your your her his its their 2、指示代词: this (these) that (those) 3、不定代词 some someone 4、疑问代词 who what how much how old (疑问副词：when where ) 5、反身代词 yourself (五)数量词 1、基数词 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen 2、序数词 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth （六）介词：本册的介词较少，主要用在介词短语里面，如 on：on sale (销售) on weekends (在周末) on April 8th, (在四月八日) on the desk (在桌子上) on TV (在电视上) in：in English (用英语) in the afternoon (在下午) in the case (在盒子里) T-shirt in red (红色 T 恤) be in the movie（出演这部电影） in September (在 九月) be in our school music festival （参加我们学校的音乐节） at：call sb.at 3356 (拨打 3356 找某人) at your school (在你们学校里) at Huaxing Clothes Store （在华兴服装店） at a very good price (以非常优惠的价格) at six (六点钟) have a look at (看一看) of：a set of (一串…) the photo of your family (你的全家照) lots of =a lot of (许 多) date of birth（birthday）(生日) with：with sb. (同某人一起) be good with (和…相处得好) help sb. with sth. (帮助 某人做某事) for：thanks for =thank you for (谢谢某人的….) bag for sports ( 运 动 包) pants for $30(卖 30 元的裤子) see for yourself (亲自看看) for girls (对女孩子来 说) like sth. for lunch (喜欢吃……当作午餐) about：about Chinese history (有关中国历史) under：under the desk (在桌子下面) （七）副词：除疑问副词外，本册的副词有 only too very well often also really 副词 only often also really 等在句中的位置都是在行为动词前面或是系动词 的后面。 注意几组词的区别： 1、too 和 also ：too 一般放在句子的末尾，also 在行为动词前面或是系动词的 后面。 2、well 和 good ：两个词都有“好”的意思，但 well 是副词，而 good 是形容 词，well 修饰动词，放在动词的后面，good 修饰名词，放在名词的前面。如 play basketball well speak English well a good student Good morning （八）冠词：只有不定冠词 a (an)和定冠词 the 两个 1、不定冠词 a 和 an ：a 用在辅音前，如 a pen a chair an apple an egg an 用在元音前。an old teacher an English book an action movie 注意辅音字母第一个音是元音的情况：F H L M N S X 这七个字母的第一个 音是元音，在说一个以上字母时要用 an ,如 an“F” (一个 F) an “X” (一个 X)。 同时注意字母 U,它是元音字母，但它的第一个音是辅音，因此说一个 U， 应为 a “U” 。 2、定冠词 the：当一个名词第二次出现时前面用 the 。 注意在三餐饭（breakfast lunch dinner ）前不用 the ,月份和星期前都不用 the , 体育活动的球类运动前面不用 the 。如:have dinner in January December Sunday play basketball play tennis (volleyball soccer Ping Pong chess baseball) 在乐器的前面要用定冠词 the 。如：play the guitar (the violin the piano the drum ) (九)连词：本册所学连词有 and but or then and 连接两个词或两个句子，表示前后的句子意思顺接。 如：I like thrillers and I like action movies. but 连接两个句子，表示后面意思转折。 如：He likes tomatoes but she doesn’t like broccolis or 表示选择关系。如：Can you play the piano or the violin? then 表示动作的先后顺序。 二、句子 （句子的种类）：句子分为四种即 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 这里重点介绍疑问句和祈使句 （一）疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句 1、一般疑问句：见前面的动词部分。一般疑问句的回答用“yes”或“no” 开头，用“yes”作肯定 回答时后面不能出现“not”，用“no”作否定回答时后面要出现“not”。 2、特殊疑问句：其结构为“ 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句的结构 ”本册出现的特殊 疑问句有 ○1 My name is Jim. What’s your name ? His name is Marry. What’s his name ? Her first name is Brow. What is her first name? ○2 Her bag is on the bed . Where’s her bag ? The oranges are in the room. Where are the oranges? ○3 My telephone number is 2975. What is your telephone number? ○4 I’m fine. How are you? She is fine. How is she? ○5 I’m fifteen years old. How old are you? ○6 This skirt is twelve dollars. How much is this skirt? These pants are 18 dollars. How much are these pants? ○7 Her birthday is September 23rd. When is her birthday? ○8 The apple is red. What color is the apple? What’s this in English? How do you spell this word? What kind of movies do you like? （二）祈使句：表示命令、请求。本册所学的祈使句类型有 Spell it, please. Please take these things to your sister. Let’s play ping-pong.(tennisbasketballvolleyball) Come and buy your clothes. Have a look at Zig Zag’s Clothes Store. 四、本册出现的短语 first name 名字 last name/ family name 姓氏 phone number 电话号码 an ID card 一张身份证 pencil case 铅笔盒 pencil sharpener 铅笔刀 computer game 电脑游戏 play computer games 玩电脑游戏 call sb．at 347-2365 给某人打 347-2365 lost and found 失物招领 a set of keys 一串钥匙 in English 用英语 an eraser 一块铅笔擦 pen friend 笔友 thanks for 为…感谢 a photo of your family 你家人的照片 on the sofa 在沙发上 behind the door 在门后 next to the bookcase 在书柜旁边 in the drawer 在抽屉里 under the chair 在椅子下 on the floor 在地板 between the dresser and the bookcase 在梳妆台和书柜之间 an alarm clock 一只闹钟 video cassette 录象带 soccer ball 英式足球 math book 数学书 take sth to sb. 把…拿(去)给某人 bring sth. to sb. 把…带(来)给某人 play basketball 打篮球 play ping-pong /table tennis 打乒乓球 play volleyball 打排球 play soccer/football 踢足球 play baseball 打棒球 play tennis 打网球 tennis racket 网球拍 every day 每天 play／do sports 做运动 watch TV 看电视 watch sth. on TV 在电视上观看… French fries 炸薯条 ice cream 冰淇淋 some tomatoes 几个西红柿 Some photos 一些／几张相片 lots of = a lot of 许多,大量 healthy food 健康食品。 Have/eat chicken 吃鸡肉 have/eat breakfast 吃早饭 have/eat lunch 吃午饭 have/eat dinner(supper) 吃晚饭 how much 多少钱 Here you are 给你 you're welcome 不客气 have a look at 看一看… bag for sports 运动包 two dollars 两美元 seven yuan 七元(人民币) what color 什么颜色 a good price 价格合适 come and see for yourself 亲自来看看 be on sale 大廉销 ,大减价 birthday party 生日聚会 date of birth (=birthday ) 生日 speech contest 演讲比赛 school trip 郊游, 校游 school day 作息日，校日 basketball game 篮球赛 Art Festival 艺术节 how old 几岁 fifteen years old 15 岁 go to a movie 看电影 what kind of 什么种类 Beijing Opera 京剧 action movies 动作片 movie star 电影明星 on weekends 在周末 Chinese history 中国历史 favorite actor 最喜欢的演员 interesting thing 有趣的东西 rock band 摇滚乐队 kung fu 徒手功夫 English club 英语俱乐部 play chess 下棋 speak English 说英语 play the guitar 弹吉他 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the drums 打鼓 play the trumpet 吹喇叭 play the violin 拉小提琴 go to school 去上学 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ go to bed 去睡觉 go to work 去上班 get up 起床 be good with 与… … 相处融洽 what time 几点钟 at five-thirty 在五点三十分 take a shower 淋浴，洗澡 after class 下课后 after school 放学后 take the bus 乘公共汽车 take sb. to … 带/送某人到… … get home 到家 go home 回家 do one's homework 做作业 help… with 帮助 have math 上数学课 Chinese teacher 语文老师 on Monday 在周一 on May 2nd 在五月二日 on Sunday morning 在星期天上午 at home 在家 1. want sth./to do sth. 想要某物/做某事 2. love to listen to …喜欢听…… 3.介词+V-ing : Thanks for ___ (come) to my party! Thank you for _____(help) me. 4.动词 like, want, have,play 等，在变否定句和疑问句时要用 do, don’t ;does,doesn’t 5. can +动词原形 6. 主语用三单，动词也要用三单 7. He does homework(否定句) He doesn’t（助动词）do（行为动词）homework 8. Let’s +V-原 : Do you like _____(draw)? Let’s _____(go) to the art club . 9. help sb.(to) do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 10.He is helping Tom ____(learn )English. 11. 在时刻前用 at，在星期几前用 on，在年/月/早上/下午/晚上前用 in, 日前用 on 在早晨用 in，在具体某一天的早晨用 on : on the morning of July 2nd 12.带来用 bring…to，带走用 take…to 13. 回答赞美的句子用 Thank you ! 14. 十二个月用 twelve months 15.穿什么颜色的衣服用 in +颜色 16.乐器前要加 the: play the violin 17.play+体育运动 18.某一餐吃什么用 for+三餐之一 eat/have /like…for+某一餐 19. 问价格用 How much is/ are…? 问数量用 How much+不可数名词+…? How many+可数名词(pl.)+…? 20 . .问在何时做某事用 When/What time What time is ti?= What’s the time? 21. 问年龄用 How old How old is Mike? =What’s Mike’s age? 22. 问地点用 where 23.问原因用 Why，回答用 Because 24.问颜色用 What color , 回答用 It’s/ They’re +颜色 25.问生日用 When is A’s birthday? 回答时用月份+日期（序数词）如：November(the) ninth 26.在墙上用 on the wall 27. also 用在句中，too 用在句末 28 序数词前一定要加 the 29. an apple /a red apple 30.表共同拥有用 A and B’s，表各自所有用 A’s and B’s 31. He likes red best（最喜欢）.=His favorite color is red 32. look at =have a look at 33. an alarm clock 34. You play the guitar well.(副词修饰动词) He is a good student.(形容词修饰名 词) 35. 我和某人用…and I ,表复数，be 动词用 are 36.the fifth month/ day of the year/ week 37. home 前不能用 to ：go/get/at home 38. parents=father and mother;parent=father or mother 39. 表顺接用 and，表转折用 but 40. 名词前用物主代词: her friends 41. 可数名词用 they/them 代替，不可数名词用 it 代替 42.以 am/is/are / do/does/ can 开头的句子是一般问句，回答时用 Yes/No,+主语（代 词）+句首单词（Areyou -----？ I am ） 43. 我们用各种颜色的短裤：We have pants in all colors 44. favorite/birthday 前一定要加物主代词：my favorite subject/his birthday 45 after class(正确), after the class(错误) 46 打两小时的篮球：play basketball for two hours