初一下册英语知识点大全 15页

‎ Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?‎ ‎ 1，情态动词+V原can do= be able todo ‎ 2，Play+ the+乐器 ‎ +球类,棋类 ‎ 3，join 参加社团、组织、团体 ‎ 4，4个说的区别: say+内容 ‎ Speak+语言 ‎ Talk谈论talk about sth talk with sbtalk to sb ‎ Tell告诉,讲述tell sb (not) to do sth ‎ Tell stories/ jokes ‎ 5，want= would like + (sb) to do sth ‎ 6，4个也的区别: too肯定句末(前面加逗号)‎ ‎ Either否定句末(前面加逗号)‎ ‎ Also行前be后.‎ ‎ As well口语中(前面不加逗号)‎ ‎ 7, be good at+ V-ing=do well in擅长于 ‎ be good for对...有益(be bad for对..有害)‎ ‎ be good to对..友好(good 可用friendly, nice, kind替换)‎ ‎ be good with和..相处好=get on/ alongwell with ‎ 8，特殊疑问句的构成:疑问词+--般疑问 ‎ 9，How/ what about+V-ing ..怎么样?(表建议)‎ ‎ 10,感官动词(look, sound, taste, smell,feel) +adj/ like ‎ 11,选择疑问句:回答不能直接用Yes或者No,要从中选择一个回答 ‎ 12, students wanted for school .‎ ‎ show (wanted表示招募，含有被动意义)‎ ‎ 13，show sth to sb=show sb sth givesth to sb=give sb sth ‎ 14, help sb (to) do sth ‎ Help sb with sth ‎ With sb's help= with the help of sb ‎ Help oneselfto随便享用 ‎ 15, be busy doing sth/ be busy withsth ‎ 16, need to do sth ‎ 17, be free= have time ‎ 18, have friends= make friends .‎ ‎ 19, call sb at +电话号码 ‎ 20, on the weekend= on weekends ‎ 21 , English- speaking students说英语的学生(带有连词符,有形容词性质)‎ ‎ 22, do kung fu表演功夫 ‎ Unit 2 What time do you go toschool?‎ ‎ 1，问时间用what time或者when ‎ At+钟点at 7 o'clock . at noon/ atnight (during/ in the day )‎ ‎ On+具体某天、星期、特指的- -天onApril 1st on Sunday on a cold wintermorning ‎ In+年、月、上午、下午、晚_上 ‎ 2，时间读法:顺读法 ‎ 逆读法:分钟≤30用past five pasteight (8:05) half past eight (8:30)‎ ‎ 分钟> 30用to a quarter to ten (9:45 )‎ ‎ 整点用...clock 7 o'clock (7:00)‎ ‎ 3, 3个穿的区别: wear表状态,接服装、手套、眼镜、香水等 ‎ Put on表动作,接服装 ‎ Dress表动作,接sb/ oneself getdressed穿衣 ‎ 3，感叹句: How+adj+主谓!‎ ‎ How+adj+a/an +n单+主谓!‎ ‎ What+ a/an +adj+ n单+主谓!‎ ‎ What+ adj+ n复/不可数+主谓!‎ ‎ 4, from....‎ ‎ 5，be/ arrive late for ‎ 6，频度副词(行前be后)‎ ‎ Always usually often sometimesseldom hardly never ‎ 7,一段时间前面要用介词for for halfan hour for five minutes ‎ ‎ 8，eat/ have... for breakfast/ lunch/dinner/ supper ‎ 9，eiter..or ‎ 10, a lot of=lots of ‎ ‎ 11, it is +adj+for sb +to do sth ( adj修饰to do sth) It is important for me tolearn English.‎ ‎ it is +adj+of sb +to do sth ( adj修饰sb)It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to helpme.‎ ‎ Unit 3 How do you get to school?1，疑问词 How如何(方式)‎ how long多长(时间)答语常用“(For/about +)时间段”‎ how far多远(距离)答语常用“(It's+)数词+miles/ meters/ kilometers”how often多久一次(频率)答语常 用“Always/ often/ every day.."或“次数+时间”等表频率的状语 How soon多快，多久以后,常用在将来时中。答语常用“in +时间段”‎ how many多少(接可数名词) howmuch (接不可数名词)‎ why为什么(原因) what什么 when何.时 who谁whom谁(宾格) (针对宾语提问也可用who) whose谁的 ‎2，宾语从句要用陈述句语序 ‎3, Stop sb from doing sth Stop to do停下来去做其他事 Stop doing停止正在做的事 ‎4，what do you think of/ abou..?=how do you lk...你认为..怎么样?‎ ‎5，He is 11 years old.‎ He is an 11-year-old boy.‎ ‎6, many students= many of the students ‎7, be afraid of sth be afraid to doth worry about be worried about担心 ‎8, play with sb ‎9，come true ‎10, have to do sth ‎11, he is like a father to me (like像 )‎ ‎12, leave离开leave for出发前往某地 ‎13, cross 是动词acros是 介词 ‎14, thanks for +n/ V-ing Thanks for your help/ thanks forhelping me.‎ Thanks for your invitation/ thanks forinviting/ asking me.‎ Thanks to幸亏，由于，因为 ‎15,4个花费:人+spend/ spends/‎ spent+时间/钱+ (in) doing sth/ on sth 人+pay/ pays/ paid +钱+for st It takes/ took sb +时间+to do sth 物+cost/ costs/ cost +sb +钱 ‎16,交通方式 ‎●用介词。在句子中做方式状语。‎ ‎①by +交通工具名词(中间无需任何修饰)‎ By bus/ bike/ car/ taxi/ ship/ boat/plane/ subway/ tran.... ‎ ‎②by +交通路线的位置 By land/ water/ sea/ air .‎ ‎③in/ on +冠词/物主代词/指示代词+交通工具名词 In a/ his/ the car On a/ his/ the bus/ bike/ship/ train/horse/ motorbike ‎④on foot步行 ‎●用动词。在句子中做谓语。‎ ‎①take + a/ the +交通工具名词take a bus/ plane/ ship/ train ride a bike ‎②walk/ drive/ ride/ fly ..... (后面接here, there , home等地点副词时,省略介词to。)如步行回家: walk home ‎17,名词所有格 一般情况加's Tom's pen 以s结尾加’ the teachers' office tendays' holiday 表示几个人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加's Mike and John's desk 表示每个人各自拥有,在每个名词后加'sMike's and John's desks Unit 4 Don't eat in class.‎ ‎1,祈使句(变否定在句首+don')‎ Be型(be +表语) ,否定形式: don't+be+表语Be quiet, plea Don't be late!‎ Do型(实义动词+其他)，否定形式: dont +实义动词+其他 Come here , please. Don't playfootball here.‎ Let型(let sb do sth) ,否定形式: don't+ let sb do sth或者let sb not do sth No+n/Ving No photos /mobile; Noparking/ smoking/ siting/picking of flowers ;‎ ‎2, in cass在课堂上in the casoomn 在教室 ‎3, be on time准时 ‎4, listen to music ‎5, (have a) fight withsb ‎7, eat outside ‎8, Must与have to ‎(1): must表示说话人主观上的看法，意为“必须”。have to表示客观的需要或责任，意为“不得不,必须”,后接动词原词。(2) must没有人称，时态和数的变化Haveto有人称,数，时态的变化，其第三人称单数形式为has to ,过去式为had to.构成否定句或疑问句时借助动词do/does ‎(3) have 2 to的否定 是needn't=don't/mus t的否定doesn'thaveto (不必要)‎ 式是must not/ mustn't(- -定不能,不允许)。‎ ‎9, Some of...‎ ‎10, brin....‎ ‎11, practice (doing) sth ‎12 , wash/ do the dishes nights ‎13, on school day ‎14, break/ follow (obey ‎) the rules ‎ ‎15, Be strict with sb/ oneself bestrict in st...严格。‎ ‎”修饰可数名词复数 too much“太多”修饰不可数名词 much t“实在太”修饰形容词或副词 ‎17, make one's/ the bed ‎18, get to, arive in/at, reach,到达(如果后面接地点的副词home , here或there,就不用介词in ,at, to)‎ ‎19, remember/ forget+to do要做 ‎+doing做过 ‎20，have fur , enjoy oneself, have anderful time+V-ing good/ great/ wonde Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?‎ ‎1,回答why的提问要用because ‎2. Kindof相当于副词，修饰形容词或副词，意为"稍微，有点”,与a little/bit相近A kind of意为“一种”，some kinds of意为“几种”, all kinds of意为“各种各样的”。这里的kind是“种，类,属”的意思。‎ ‎3, Why not =Why don'tyou+v原 你什么不..?‎ ‎4, walk on one's legs/ hands on 意为“用..方式行走”‎ ‎5, all day =the whole day整天 ‎6,来自be/ come from where do theycome from? =where are they from?‎ ‎7, more than=over超过 less than少于 ‎8, once twice three times ‎9, be in great danger 之一+名词复数 ‎10, one of....‎ ‎11, get lost ‎12, with/ without有1没有介词 ‎13, a symbol of ‎14,由..制造be made of能看出原材料 nade from看不出原材料 be made in+地点表产地 ‎15, cut down砍到动副结构(代词必须放中间,名词可放中间或者后面)‎ Unit 6I'm watchingTV.‎ ‎1,现在进行时 其结构为be的现在式(am, is, are)+现在分词(V-ing)。‎ 否定形式在be后面加not,疑问式将be动词提前 ‎2,动词-ing形式的构成:‎ ‎_ 般情况+ing;以不发音的e结尾的，去e加ing;重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写辅音字母再加ing ‎3, goto the movies ‎4, join sb for sth与某人一起做某事join us for dinner ‎5, live with sb live in+地点 ‎6, other, another与the other other“其他的，另外的”,后接名词复数，有时other+n复数=others AnofAnothe r“收-(个),另一(个)”，泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意 一个，后接名词单数。‎ The other" (两者中的)另一个”，常与one连用, one...the other."表示“一..，另一-个...‎ ‎7, talk on the phone ‎8, wish to do sth g, Hereis+n单Hereare+n复 Unit 7 It's raining!‎ ‎1.询问天气的表达方式:‎ How's the weather? It's araining/sunny day. It's raining.‎ What's the weather like? It'swindy.‎ ‎2，play computer games .‎ ‎ 3，How's it/ everything going? =Howhave you been?‎ ‎4，In/ at the park ‎5，Take a message forsb替人留言 Leave a message tosb给人留言 ‎6，call sb back ‎7，right now, right away, at once, in .a minute, in a moment, in no time立刻，马上 ‎8，right now现在 just now刚刚(用于一般过去式)‎ ‎9，over and over again .‎ ‎10, the answer to the question, a keyto the door, a ticket to the ball game ‎11, by the pool ‎12，summer vacation ‎13, go on a vacation去度假be on avacation在度假 ‎14, write (a letter) to sb ‎15,反意疑问句(陈述句+附加疑问句)‎ 反意疑问句中,陈述句用的肯定,后面的附加疑问句就要用否定;相反，陈述句用的否定,附加疑问句就要用肯定。‎ ‎16, adj以-ing结尾“令...的”exciting,interesting, relaxing 以-ed结尾“人感到..的"excited ,interested, relaxed ‎17, in the first picture ‎18, dry干燥的humid潮 湿的 Unit 8 Is there a post office nearhere?‎ ‎1,Thereis+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.‎ There are +复数名词+地点状语.‎ 谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致(就近原则)。‎ There be句型的否定式在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同: not是副司，no为形容词，not a/an/any+ n.相当于n0+ n. .‎ There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首 There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”‎ ‎2,问路:①Is/ Are there ...er.here/ around here/ in theneighborhood?‎ ‎②Where is/ ar.....？‎ ‎③How can I get .....？‎ ‎④Could/Can you tell me the way to.....‎ ‎⑤Which is the way .....‎ ‎3, Across, cross, through, over Across是介词，“横过,在对面”表示从物体表面穿过 Cross是动词，相当于go/ walk across Through是介词，表示从物体中间或里面穿过go through the door Over是介词,“横过,越过”表示从物体.上空越过，跨过fly over ‎4, ask for help/ advice ‎5, in/ on the street ‎6,在某条大街上习惯用介词on onBridge Street ‎7, across from, next to, between..an..., behind ‎8, in front of在... (外部的)前面→ behind在...后面→ in the front of在..(内部的)前面 ‎9,beintown→beoutoftown ‎10, be far from ‎11, go/ walk along go straight goup/ down ‎12, turn left/right ‎13, on one's/ the left ‎14, at the first crossing/ turning ‎15, sometimes有时(频度副词)‎ sometime (将来)有朝一日，(曾经)某天 Some times几次,几倍some time一段时间(前面用介词for )‎ ‎16, free空闲的free time 自由的as free as a fish 免费的The best things in life are free.‎ ‎17, enjoy doing ‎18, Time goes quickly.‎ ‎19,表“一些”在肯定句中用some.在疑问句和否定句中用any。‎ 特殊用法:some可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中。‎ any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。‎ Unit 9 What does he look like?‎ ‎1, what does he look like?询问人长什么样，回答:①主语+be+形容词/介词短语(he is tal/ of medium height) ;②主语+have/has+形容词+名词( she has longhair)‎ what does sb like?询问某人喜欢什么 ‎2,多个形容词修饰名词 多个形容词修饰名词，- -般关系近的靠近名词;音节少的在前,音节多的在后。‎ 限定词+数词(序前基后) +描绘性形容词+大小、长短、高低+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词 ‎3, May be为情态动词+动词原形，在句子中做谓语, maybe是副词,表示可能,大概，一般放在句首。‎ ‎4, a little, little修饰不可数名词，a little 表示一点点，lttle表示几乎没有 a few, few修饰可数名词，a few表示一点点, few表示几乎没有 ‎5, Find强调找到的结果, look for强调寻找的过程.‎ ‎6,问职业: what do you do? =what isyour job?‎ ‎7, the same as→be different ‎8, long straight brown hair ‎9,最后in the end (表事情结局)‎ finally (强调次序) at last (强调经多番努力终于达成)‎ By the end of直到....为止 At the end 0.....端/尽头 Unit 10 I'd like some noodles.‎ ‎1，名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词(不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数)。‎ 可数名词又分单数和复数。6一般+s;@以s,-x,-ch,sh结尾的名词+es;③辅音+ y,把y变i,再+es;由以-o结尾的，有生命的 ‎+es (negro- -negroes; hero- -heroes ;tomato- -tomatoes; potato potatoes) ;无生命的+s;⑤以f, fe结尾的名词，改f, fe为v+es (leaf- -leaves; .knife- -knives) (例外: roofs, chiefs)⑥单复数同形: sheep, deer.不规则变化: man- men; woman- women ;child- children; foot- feet; tooth-teeth等 ‎2, would like sth.想要某物 Would you like some .你想要一....?一Yes, please./一-No,thanks.‎ would like to do sth.“想要做某事”。‎ Would you like to ... ?你愿意去做....吗?‎ 一Yes, I'd like /love to./- -I'd like/ loveto. But I'm too busy.‎ would like sb to do sth“想要某人做某事”。‎ ‎3, order: order food take/ haveone's order In order to为了 In the order按顺序 Order/ book a room预定房间 Order sb (not) to do sth命令 ‎4, special和especial Special特别的人或事物,特别的,特殊的，specials特色菜; specially专门地,特也 Especial特别的,突出的，especially特别，尤其 ‎5，the number of表示“...的数量”，后面接可数名词复数。做主语时，主语是.number而不是of后面的名词复数，因此谓语动词要用单数;‎ a number of表示“许多”，相当于many ,后面接可数名词复数,做主语时，主语不是number而是of后面的名词复数，因此谓语动词要用复数。‎ Number前可用large, great, small修饰,不能用little。‎ ‎6,仍然，还: still(肯定句)‎ Yet (疑问句、否定句)‎ ‎7, one bowlof two bowls of ‎8, what size (+n) would you like?Large/ medium/ small ‎9, what kind of ‎10,大: big体格大、笨重→small, little :形容具体的人或物 Huge物体体积巨大=very big Large物体面积、空间、范围、数量大, small 不修饰人 Great重大事件或行为,伟大,具有感情色彩 ‎11，肯定句中表并列用and疑问句中表并列用or ‎12，around the world= all over theworld ‎13, make a wish14, blow out ‎15, in/ at one go ‎ ‎16, get popular ‎17, cut up (动副结构)‎ ‎18, bring good luck to ‎19, different kinds of ‎20, be short of缺乏 Unit 11 How was your school trip?‎ ‎1,-般过去时 基本结构:主语+动词过去式+其他;‎ 否定形式:①was / were + not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原动词;‎ 一般 疑问句:①Was/Were+主语+其他?②Did+主语+动词原形+其他?‎ ‎2,动词过去式规则变化:直接加ed;以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加d;以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为加ed;以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed;以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed .‎ 不规则变化的动词过去式(见书本最后一页)‎ ‎3，How was your school trip?= whatwas your school trip like?‎ ‎4，Go for a walk ‎5，Milk a cow ‎6，Ride a horse ‎7，Quite a lot ‎8，Show sb around ‎9,并列谓语的时态和数必须一致。‎ ‎10, In the countryside ‎11, after that ‎12, come out ‎ ‎ ‎13, go on school trip ‎14, along the way ‎15, buy/ get sb sth= buy/ get sth for sb ‎16, all in all ‎17,否定转移(主语为第一人称I或者we .时) think, believe, suppose ‎18, be interested in +n/ v-ing ‎19, not at all ‎20, diary entry ‎21, Something意为“某事,有些事”;‎ anything意为“任何事,任何东西”;‎ everything意为“每- -件事” (其后的谓语动词要用单数) ;‎ nothing意为“没事，什么事都没有”。‎ Unit 12 What did you do lastweekend?‎ ‎1，go+V-ing与do some +V-ing go+V-ing表示“去从事某种活动”(- -般指户外) go shopping/ swimming/‎ skating/ dancing/ skiing/ climbing/camping/ hikin.....‎ do some +V-ing表示“从事某种活动”(一般指室内) do some writing/ washing/cooking/ cleaning/ readin....‎ ‎2，go to the cinema ‎3，camp by the lake ‎4，study for a test study for the .English test ‎5，work as a guide ‎6，living habits ‎7，stay up late ‎8，shout at sb因生气或愤怒向某人吼叫;‎ shout to sb对某人大声叫喊，目的是让人听见 ‎9，run away ‎10, fly a kite ‎11, adj修饰不定代词adj要放后面something important, anythinginteresting ‎12，take sb to...带某人.....‎ ‎13, put up tents ‎14, make a fire ‎ ‎15, on the first night ‎16, each other ‎17, get a terrible surprise .‎ ‎18, finish doing ‎19, look out .......朝外看(window, do.....‎ look out at sth向外眺望....‎ look out for留神、注意、小心、关心 ‎20, feel/ watch/ see/ hear sb do sth强调整个过程 feel/ watch/ see/ hear sb doing sth强调动作正在进行 ‎21, jump up and down ‎22, wake up ‎23, so +adj +that +结果状语从句“如...以.... .”‎ eg: I was so busy that I didn't go tosleep for 3 days.‎ The weather was so cold that theyhad to stay at home.‎ The coat is so expensive that I don'twant to buy it.‎ so that引导目的状语从句,以便,为了(in order to )‎ eg: they got up early so that theycould catch the early bus.‎ I raise my voice so that I can makemyself heard.‎