初一英语介词和连词专项复习 7页

‎ 常见介词及用法 (一) 表示时间的介词 1. 英语里最常见的时间介词有：at, in, on, before, after和from。‎ 2. at , in和on这三个词都表示时间。‎ ² at主要指具体的钟点：at half past eight 在八点半 ² in一般指某一段时间：in January 在一月份 ² on指具体在某一天：on Monday 在星期一 3. before和after表示时间的先后顺序。‎ ² before表示“在……之前”。‎ You should wash your hands before eating. 吃饭前你应该洗手。‎ ² after表示“在……之后”。‎ They often play basketball after dinner. 他们放学后经常打篮球。‎ 4. from作时间介词含有“从……开始”的意思，常和to连用，组成“from…to…”的结构，表示“从……到……”的意思。‎ We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从周一到周五上学。‎ (二) 表示方位的介词，也就是表示位置和地点的介词。‎ 1. 小学阶段常见的方位介词有：on, in, at, under, over, above, below, about, around, between等。‎ 2. on, over和above 这三个词都有“在……上面”的意思，但它们所表示的方位还是有些不同。‎ ² on表示两个物体的表面相互接触。如：‎ There is a book on the desk. 桌上有一本书。‎ The boy is sleeping on the desk. 那个孩子睡在地上。‎ ² over表示“在……的正上方”,两个物体表面没有接触。如：‎ There is a light bulb over my head. 在我头顶上有一个灯泡。‎ ² above表示两个物体中一个在另一个的上方，如：‎ The plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机上云层上飞行。‎ There are four lights above our head. 在我们头上有四盏灯。‎ 3. under和below都有“在……的下面”的意思，但它们有区别：‎ ² under表示“在……的正下方”，其反义词是over。‎ There is a ball under the chair. 椅子下面有一个球。‎ They are sitting under a big tree. 他们正坐在一棵大树下面。‎ ² below表示“在……”的下面，不强调是否在正下方。‎ Their house is below mine. 他们家的房子在我家的下面。‎ 4. in表示位置“在……里面”，也可以用来表示在一个很大的空间内。‎ The children are playing in the room. 孩子们正在房间里玩。‎ All my books are in my bag. 我所有的书都在我的书包里。‎ 5. at表示“在……旁边”。‎ The teacher is standing at the desk. 老师正在桌边。‎ I will wait for you at the station. 我会在车站等你。‎ 7‎ 1. around表示“在……周围”。‎ There are lots of flowers around the house. 房子周围有许多花。‎ The children sat around the Christmas tree and sang happily. ‎ 孩子们围坐在圣诞树旁边高兴地唱歌。‎ 2. behind表示“在……的后面”。‎ Don’t hide yourself behind a tree. 别躲在树后。‎ 3. in front of表示“在……的前面”。‎ There are some trees in front of the house. 房子前面有一些树。‎ 4. between表示“在两者之间”。‎ My home is between the two mountains. 我家在两座大山之间。‎ Guang Jie sits between Li Lei and Fang Ning. 冠杰坐在李磊和芳宁之间。‎ (二) 表示动向的介词。‎ 在英语中，有一类介词，它们表示的不是静止不动的方位，而是一种动态的移动，有“朝着……”和“向着……”的意思。‎ 1. 小学阶段常见的动向介词有：into, out of, up, down, from, to, through, along等。‎ 2. into和out of into表示“从外向里”的意思，out of表示“从里向外”的意思。‎ Jane jumped into the water. 简跳进了水里。‎ Don’t look out of the window when you take a bus. ‎ 当你乘公共汽车时不要向窗外看。‎ 3. up和down: up表示“向上”，down表示“向下”。‎ He often climbs up mountains. 他经常爬山。‎ She opened the door and went down the stairs. 她开门下楼。‎ (三) 表示方式的介词 1. 常见的表示方式的介词有：by, with, in等。‎ 2. by表示“靠……”，“用……”。‎ 3. with表示“使用……”，“和……一起”,“有……”，“具有……”‎ ‎“带有……”。‎ 4. in表示“用……（语言）”。‎ My father goes to work by car. 我父亲开车上班。‎ I can see with eyes. 我能用眼睛看。‎ I can speak in English. 我会用英语讲。‎ (四) 其它常用介词。‎ 1. for表示“目的”，“原因”。‎ He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。‎ Thank you for your dinner. 谢谢你的款待。‎ 2. in表示“穿着”，“带着”。‎ 7‎ Lily is in a red skirt today. 丽丽今天穿着一条红色的裙子。‎ The boy in blue is my brother. 穿蓝色衣服的男孩是我弟弟。‎ 1. of表示所属关系，有“……的”意思。‎ This is a map of ChinA. 这是一幅中国地图。‎ He is an old friend of mine. 他是我的一位老朋友。‎ 2. like表示比较，意思是“像……”。‎ He looks like his father. 他看上去像他爸爸。‎ (二) 介词与动词的固定搭配。‎ look at 朝……看　　　 laugh at 嘲笑……‎ be good at 擅长于……　　　shout at 对…….叫喊 look for 寻找　　　　 ask for 向……要……‎ look after 照顾，照看　　　look like 看起来像 take care of 关心，照顾　　wait for等待 leave for 动身去　　　　 start for 动身去 catch up with 赶上　　　 talk about 谈论 have a talk with 和……交谈　　　agree with 同意，赞成 二、 常用连词及短语搭配的用法：‎ (一) and意思是“和”，表示并列和对称。‎ I can speak English and Chinese. 我会讲英语和中文。‎ I like apples, bananas and grapes. 我喜欢苹果、香蕉和葡萄。‎ (二) both…and…的意思是“两者都……”，表示并列。‎ Both you and I are pupils. 你和我都是小学生。‎ I can speak both English and French. 我既会讲英语又会讲法语。‎ (三) not only…but also…意思是“不但……而且……”，表示并列。‎ Not only you but also Jim comes late. 不光是你，吉姆也迟到了。‎ I can play not only the guitar but also the piano. 我有仅会弹吉他，还会弹钢琴。‎ (四) neither…nor…意思是“既不……也不……”，表示并列关系。‎ Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都不对。‎ He can speak neither English nor French. 他既不会讲英语，也不会讲法语。‎ 注意：‎ 1. 当 not only…but only…和 neither…nor…连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数的变化随接近谓语动词的主语而变化。‎ Neither you nor he is fat. 你和他都不胖。‎ Neither he nor I am right. 他和我都不对。‎ 2. or意思是“或者”，“还是”，表示选择。‎ Is your friend is a boy or a girl? 你的朋友是男孩还是女孩？‎ Do you learn English or French? 你学英语还是法语？‎ 注意：‎ ‎（误）I don’t like coffee and tea. ‎ 7‎ ‎（正） I don’t like coffee or tea. 我不喜欢喝咖啡和茶。‎ ‎（正）I like coffee and tea. 我喜欢喝咖啡和茶。‎ 1. but意思是“但是”，表示转折。‎ I have a cold, but I don’t take medicine. 我感冒了，但我没吃药。‎ The skirt is nice, but it’s too expensive. 这条裙子很漂亮，但太贵了。‎ 2. so意思是“因此”，“所以”。‎ It’s dark, so I must go now. 天黑了，所以我得走了。‎ You got up too late, so you missed the bus. 你起床晚了，所以错过了公共汽车。‎ 3. because意思是“因为”，表示原因。‎ She is unhappy because she lost the game. 她不高兴，因为她输了比赛。‎ 注意：‎ 在英语里，because和so不能够同时在一个句子中出现，和汉语有一定的区别。‎ ‎（误）Because Mom bought me a new book, so I was very happy.‎ ‎（正）Mom bought me a new book, so I was very happy.‎ ‎（正）I was very happy because Mom bought me a new book.‎ 易错点：‎ 1. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗？‎ ‎　［误］ Can you find the answer of this question？‎ ‎　［正］ Can you find the answer to this question？‎ ‎　［析］ 英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door, the way to the zoo等。‎ 2. 格林先生星期六上午来这里。‎ ‎　［误］ Mr. Green will come here in Sunday evening.‎ ‎　［正］ Mr. Green will come here on Sunday evening.‎ ‎　［析］ 表示在上午、下午等时，介词要用in；而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时，介词要用on.‎ 巩固练习：‎ 一、 用适当的介词填空。‎ 1. There is something wrong ____ my arm.‎ 2. The train is passing _____ the tunnel.‎ 3. Would you come to tea _____us ______ Sunday?‎ 4. What’s the weather ____ today?‎ 5. I am good _____ English.‎ 6. He looks _____ his father.‎ 7. Go _____ this street, then you can see the post office.‎ 8. Many people are wait ____ the bus _____ the bus station.‎ 9. ‎---How do you often go to school? --- ____ foot.‎ 10. Lucy and Lily come ______America. ‎ 二、 用and, or, but填空。‎ 7‎ ‎1. I’d like to go with you, _____ I’m too busy.‎ ‎2. I don’t like apple juice _____ orange juice.‎ ‎3. I can speak English _____ French.‎ ‎4. Are you a teacher ______ a doctor?‎ ‎5. There is no milk ______ no fruit juice.‎ 一、 选择填空。‎ ‎( ) 1. The Greens were watching TV _____ I came in.‎ A. before B. after C. when ‎ ‎( ) 2. Jack was sad ____ he failed his math exam again.‎ A. so B. because C. but ‎ ‎( ) 3. The bus arrived _____7:30 a. m.‎ A. on B. at C. in ‎ ‎( ) 4. Your mouth is _____ your nose.‎ A. under B. below C. near ‎ ‎( ) 5. We don’t go to school _____Saturday and Sunday.‎ A. on B. in C. at ‎ ‎( ) 6. Did you go to the zoo _____ foot?‎ A. by B. on C. in ‎ ‎( ) 7. I write _____my hand.‎ A. in B. with C. by ‎ ‎( ) 8. Can you sing this song ______English?‎ A. in B. with C. on ‎ ‎( ) 9. He learns English _____ TV.‎ A. in B. on C. with ‎ ‎( ) 10. Tony comes _____ Australia. ‎ A. from B. to C. in ‎ ‎( ) 11. Everyone is sitting _____ the floor, but Mr Brown is sitting ____ a chair _____ the corner.‎ A. over, in, on B. about, on, at C. on, on, in ‎ ‎( ) 12. During the weekdays, Jim gets up early ____ the morning and goes to bed late ____ night .But _____ weekends he sleeps until midday.‎ A. on, at, at B. in, at, on C. in, in, at ‎( ) 13. The mother is coming back ____ an hour.‎ A. after B. for C. in ‎ ‎( ) 14. Don’t worry, Tom will return______.‎ A. before long B. long before C. long ago ‎( ) 15. Paper is often made ____ wood.‎ A. by B. in C. of ‎ 二、 下列每个句子都有一处错误,请找出来并改正.‎ 7‎ 1. Both Tom and Jerry is in Class Two. _________ ‎ 2. Either boys and girls are going to clean the classroom. _______ ‎ 3. It’s very kind for you. _________ ‎ 4. I’d like some bread or butter. ______ ‎ 5. There is a bridge on the river. ______ ‎ 6. They live at New York. ________ ‎ 7. I play the tennis ater school. _______ ‎ 二、 根据中文用介词填空。‎ 1. 她从楼上跳了下去。‎ She jumps _____ the building.‎ 2. 你最好不要去树林，那很危险。‎ You’d better not go _____ the woods, it’s dangerous.‎ 3. 一群老人在公园里唱歌。‎ A group of old men are singing _____ the park.‎ 4. 一个女孩站在窗户边。‎ A girl is standing _____ the windows.‎ 5. 老师严格要求我们。‎ The teacher is strict _____ us.‎ 附加练习：介词填空 1. Tony is ________ Canada. ‎ 2. What is the name ________ the factory?‎ 3. Betty is English. What ________ you？‎ 4. Who’s the woman ________ the black dress？‎ 5. Where do you come ________?‎ 6. She looks ________ her father.‎ 7. Do the students stay ________ home ________ Saturday？‎ 8. My mother cut the cake ________ a knife.‎ 9. The meeting ended ________ 6 p.m.‎ 10. We’ll play football ________ class.‎ 11. Go ________ this road, turn left ________ the first crossing.‎ 12. Can you tell me the way ________ the zoo?‎ 13. ‎—where are you from？‎ 14. ‎—I am ________ Beijing.‎ 15. Let’s count the numbers ________ one ________ fifty.‎ 16. ‎—Where shall we meet?‎ 17. ‎—We’ll meet ________ home.‎ 18. He is good ________ swimming.‎ 19. Tom gets ________ at seven every morning.‎ 20. ‎________ Sunday morning, he played football with his friends.‎ 7‎ 1. What’s wrong ________ you?‎ 2. There is something wrong ________ my back.‎ 3. He often helps me ________ my English.‎ 4. It’s time ________ breakfast.‎ 5. Can you sing a song ________ English?‎ 6. He looks ________ his father.‎ 7. Please listen ________ me carefully.‎ 8. It’s too cold. Don’t take ________ your coat.　‎ 9. I go to school ________ foot every day.‎ 10. He sits ________ Tom and Mary.‎ 11. I work ________ Monday ________ Friday.‎ 12. He is ill, so he is staying ________ bed.‎ 13. Don’t be late ________ this meeting.‎ 7‎