初一英语上下册知识点总汇 16页

初一英语知识总汇 上册知识点梳理 初一英语上册知识点【考点扫描】‎ 初一英语上册中考考点在本单元主要集中在：‎ ‎1. 动词be的用法；‎ ‎2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；‎ ‎3. 初一英语上册知识点名词的单复数和所有格的用法；‎ ‎4. 冠词的基本用法；‎ ‎5. There be句型的用法。‎ ‎6. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；‎ ‎7. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。‎ 考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。‎ 初一英语上册知识点【名师讲解】‎ ‎1. in/on    在表示空间位置时，in表示在某个空间的范围以内，on表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如：    There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。    There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。‎ ‎2. this/that/these/those  (1)初一英语上册this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事，these是this的复数形式。that常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事，those时that的复数形式。例如：    You look in this box and I’ll look in thatone over there.你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒子。    I want this car, not that car. 我想要这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。    Take these books to his room, please. 请把这些书拿到他房间去。    This is mine; that’s yours. 这个是我的，那个是你的。    These are apples; those are oranges. 这些是苹果，那些是橘子。  (2)在打电话的用语中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是对方。例如：    This is Mary speaking. Who’s that? 我是玛丽。你是谁？3. There be/ haveThere be "有"，其确切含意为"某处或某时存在某人或某物。"其结构是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语，be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is，名词是复数时用are。例如：(1) There is a bigbottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2) There is adoll in the box. 那个盒子里有个娃娃。(3) There are manyapples on the tree. 那树上有许多苹果。总之，There be结构强调的是一种客观存在的"有"。have表示 ‎"拥有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例如：(4) I have twobrothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。(5) That house hasfour rooms.那所房子有四个房间。‎ ‎4.初一英语上册知识点 look/ see/watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧”，着重指认真看，强调看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒对方注意。，如：Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。Look! What’s that over there? 看！那边那个是什么？单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，其后接介词at，才能带宾语，如：He’s looking at me。他正在看着我。(2)see强调“看”的结果，着重的是look这个动作的结果，意思是“看到”，see是及物动词，后面能直接跟宾语。如：What can you see in the picture? 你能在图上看到什么？Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“观看，注视”，侧重于场面，表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调过程，常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如：Yesterday wewatched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。‎ ‎4. put on/ / in put on意为“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作, 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。in 是介词，表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如：It’s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out.  他戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman in awhite blouse is John’s mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。5.初一英语上册知识点 house/ home/familyhouse ：“房子”，指居住的建筑物; Home:“家”，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方; Family:  “家庭“，“家庭成员”。例如：Please come to my house thisafternoon. 今天下午请到我家来。He is not at home. 他不在家。My family all get up early. 我们全家都起得很早。6. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容词表示"好"之意，但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于：     (1) fine指物时表示的是质量上的"精细"，形容人时表示的是"身体健康"，也 可以用来指"天气晴朗"。例如： Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健康。 That's a fine machine. 那是一台很好的机器。 It's a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好时候。(2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表，有"美好"，"漂亮"的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如： Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。 These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。 Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。 It's very nice of you. 你真好。(3)good形容人时指"品德好"，形容物时指"质量好"，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如： Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好学生。 The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车很好。(4)well只可用来形容人的"身体好"，但不能作定语，初一英语上册它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如：‎ ‎ I'm very well, thanks. 我身体很好，谢谢。 My friends sing well. 我的朋友们歌唱得好。‎ 初一英语上册知识点【知识梳理】 ‎ I.‎‎ 初一英语上册重点短语 ‎1. Sit down 2. on duty 3. in English 4. have a seat 5. at home 6. look like ‎7. look at 8. have a look 9. come on 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on ‎13. look after 14. get up 15. go shopping II. 初一英语上册重要句型 ‎1. help sb. do sth.‎ ‎2. What about…?‎ ‎3. Let’s do sth.‎ ‎4. It’s time to do sth.‎ ‎5. It’s time for …‎ ‎6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s…‎ ‎7. Where is…? It’s….‎ ‎8. How old are you? I’m….‎ ‎9. What class are you in? I’m in….‎ ‎10. Welcome to….‎ ‎11. What’s …plus…? It’s….‎ ‎12. I think…‎ ‎13. Who’s this? This is….‎ ‎14. What can you see？ I can see….‎ ‎15. There is (are) ….‎ ‎16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’re)…‎ ‎17. Whose …is this? It’s….‎ ‎18. What time is it? It’s….‎ III. 初一英语上册交际用语 ‎1. Good morning, Miss/Mr….‎ ‎2. Hello! Hi!‎ ‎3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.‎ ‎4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks. And you?‎ ‎5. See you. See you later.‎ ‎6. Thank you! You’re welcome.‎ ‎7. Goodbye! Bye!‎ ‎8. What’s your name? My name is ….‎ ‎9. Here you are. This way, please.‎ ‎10. Who’s on duty today?‎ ‎11. Let’s do.‎ ‎12. Let me see.‎ IV. 初一英语上册重要语法 ‎1. 动词be的用法；‎ ‎2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；‎ ‎3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；‎ ‎4. 冠词的基本用法；‎ ‎5. There be句型的用法。‎ 初一英语上册知识点【中考范例】‎ ‎1. (2004年北京市中考试题)‎ ‎  Mary, please show ________ yourpicture.‎ ‎  A. my  B. mine C. I  D. me ‎【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词show后面跟双宾语，空白处应填入人称代词的宾格me作宾语。‎ ‎2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)‎ ‎  _________ orange on the desk isfor you, Mike.‎ ‎  A. A  B.An C. /  D. The ‎【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子，所以用定冠词the。‎ ‎3. 初一英语上册(2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)‎ ‎  ---What _______ the number of the girls inyour class?‎ ‎  ---About twenty.‎ ‎  A. is B. am  C. are  D. be ‎【解析】答案：A。该题考查的是动词be的用法和主谓一致。the number作主语，应该是单数第三人称，动词be变为is。‎ ‎4. (2004年陕西省中考试题)‎ ‎  There _______ a football match on TV thisevening.‎ ‎  A. will have B. is going to be  C. has  D. is going to have ‎【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是There be…句型和动词have用法区别。There be句型本身就表示“在某个地方存在某个人或物”，不能和动词have混在一起用。‎ 初一英语上册知识点【满分演练】‎ 一. 初一英语上册单项填空 ‎1. ---What colour is the bike? ‎ ‎---It’s _______ orange.‎ A. an  B. a  C. / D. the ‎2. That isn’t her bag. It’s ________.‎ ‎  A. my  B. I C. mine  D. me ‎3. ---Oh, your kite is very nice.‎ ‎  ---__________________.‎ ‎  A. That’s right  B. No, it’s not nice  C. Yes, it is D. Thank you ‎4. The woman is sixty, but she _______ young.‎ ‎  A. is  B. sees C. looks  D. watches ‎5. It’s time ________ lunch. Let’s go home.‎ ‎  A. to  B. in C. for  D. on ‎6. ---________ is your coat?‎ ‎  ---The black one.‎ ‎  A. What  B. Where C. Which  D. How ‎7. ---________ is the toy?‎ ‎  ---It’s on the bed.‎ ‎  A. Who  B. Where C. What  D. Whose ‎8. The shoes are too old. Put ________ over there.‎ ‎  A. it  B. they C. their  D. them ‎9. Excuse me. Can you _______ my watch, please?‎ ‎  A. look  B. look like C. look after  D. look at ‎10. Look _______ the blackboard and listen _______ the teacher.‎ ‎  A. / /   B. at; to C. after; /  D. on; after ‎11. ---Whose dress is this?‎ ‎   ---It’s _________.‎ ‎  A. Lucy  B. Lucy’s C. Jim  D. Jim’s ‎12. The girl ______ the purple coat is his sister.‎ ‎  A. at  B. in C. on  D. with ‎13. There is a bird ______ the tree.‎ ‎  A. in  B. on C. to  D. of ‎14. There are many ________ in our school.‎ ‎  A. woman teachers      B. woman teacher ‎  C. women teacher       D.women teachers ‎15. ---Is there a ball under the desk?‎ ‎   ---______________________.‎ ‎  A. Yes, it is                   B. Yes, there’s ‎  C. No, there isn’t               D. No, there is ‎16. There _______ some books and a pencil on the desk.‎ ‎  A. am  B. is C. are  D. be ‎17. ---Let me help you.‎ ‎   ---_______________.‎ ‎  A. You’re welcome     B. Thanks very much ‎  C. Don’t worry        D. Yes, thanks ‎18. ______ old man is ______ English teacher.‎ ‎  A. The; an  B. An; an C. The; the  D. A; a ‎19. ---What _____ five plus six?‎ ‎   ---It’s eleven.‎ ‎  A. am  B. is C. are  D. /‎ ‎20. ---What ______ you see in the picture?‎ ‎   ---I can see some flowers.‎ ‎  A. must  B. can C. are  D. do 二. 初一英语上册知识点完形填空 ‎    This is a picture of Kat’s____1____. What can we ____2_____ in the picture? Look ____3____ it, please.The man ____4____ the black coat is Kate’s father, Mr. Green. The ____5____ inthe red sweater is Mrs. Green. They ____6____ young. The baby is Kate. Thelittle boy is Kate’s ____7_____, Jim. ___8____ the man behind Mrs. Green? Oh,he’s ____9___ brother, Mr. Read. He ____10____ young, too.‎ ‎1. A. families  B. family  C. parents D. brothers ‎2. A. look     B. do     C. see     D.put ‎3. A. at       B. after    C. for     D. up ‎4. A. on      B. of      C. in      D. to ‎5. A. man     B. girl    C. women  D. woman ‎6. A. are      B. is      C. look like  D. looking ‎7. A. sister    B. brother  C. father   D. aunt ‎8. A. What’s   B. Where’s C.Who’s    D. How is ‎9. A. his      B. her     C. our     D. their ‎10. A. looks   B. am      C. look   D. very 三. 初一英语上册知识点在B栏中找出A栏英语句子的正确答语 ‎       (A)                        (B)‎ ‎1. How are you?              A. I amin Row 6.‎ ‎2. Can you spell it, please?      B.Fine, thank you.‎ ‎3. How do you do?            C. Yes,b-o-o-k, book.‎ ‎4. What row are you in?        D. Itis ten.‎ ‎5. What’s two plus eight?       E.Nice to meet you, too.‎ ‎6. Nice to meet you.           F. Iam 14.‎ ‎7. How old are you?           G.Wang Ping is.‎ ‎8. Who’s not here?            H.It’s here.‎ ‎9. Where is the bag?           I.It’s a book.‎ ‎10. What is this in English?     J.How do you do?‎ 四. 初一英语上册完成对话：在对话后面的句子中选出正确的填入空白处 Jim:  Excuse me, Ann. Whose blackdog is this? Is it yours?‎ Ann:  Let me have alook.________1_______. I think it’s Sam’s. My dog is brown.‎ Jim:  Sam, look at the dog behindthe tree.________2__________?‎ Sam:  Sorry, it isn’t mine. My dogis black and white. I think it looks like Mary’s.‎ Jim:  _____________3______________?‎ Sam:  She’s my friend. Look! She’sover there. Let’s go and ask her.‎ Jim:  _______________4_______________.‎ Sam:  Hi, Mary! Is that dog yours?‎ Mary: _______________5_______________.‎ Sam:  It’s a lovely dog! Don’t loseit!‎ Mary: Yes, thank you.‎ A. Who’s Mary B. OK, let’s go C. Oh, no it’s not mine D. Oh, yes. It’s mine E. Is it yours 五. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎1. ________ (He) pen is in ______ (I) pencil-box.‎ ‎2. ________ (You) shoes ________ (be) under the bed.‎ ‎3. ________ (Who) new ruler is this?‎ ‎4. ---Are these trousers _______ (you)?‎ ‎  ---No, they aren’t ________ (we)‎ ‎5. It’s time ________ (go) and play games.‎ ‎6. This is my pen. Please give it to ________ (I).‎ ‎7. I have two ________ (baby).‎ ‎8. Look! That is a ________ (China) car.‎ ‎9. It is __________ (my teacher) sweater.‎ ‎10. Now her ________ ( parent) are in America.‎ 六. 初一英语上册知识点阅读理解 ‎                         (A)‎ ‎    Bob was born in a big and richfamily. His father is a university professor. He teaches American history. Hismother is a very capable woman. She is the manager of a big company. She earnsa lot of money, of course. Bob has two sisters and a brother. His elder sister,Jenny, is fourteen. She studies in a middle school. His younger sister, Ann, isten. She studies in a private primary school. She has a very good memory. Sheis clever. His younger brother, Dick, is only six. He has just started going toschool. Bob gets on well with his family. He is on good terms not only with hisparents, but also with his sisters and brother. (have a friendly relationshipwith sb.) He is, in a word, an apple in their eyes.‎ 根据短文的内容，判断下列句子的正误：正确地答“A”，错误的答“B”。‎ ‎1. Bob was born in a small and rich family.‎ ‎2. He has two brothers and a sister.‎ ‎3. There are five people in his family.‎ ‎4. Dick is only six. He studies in a private primary school.‎ ‎5. “He is an apple in their eyes” means “They love him very much”.‎ ‎                      (B)‎ Look at theclothes line in the twins' bedroom. There are some clothes on it. You can see agreen blouse and a yellow skirt. The trousers on the clothes line are black.They are not new but clean. Are they Lily's clothes? No. I know they areLucy's. Lily's clothes are on a clothes tree near the window. Her trousers arebrown, her blouse is white and her skirt is blue. There is a new hat on theclothes tree, but it's not Lily's, it's Lucy's. There is an old hat on Lucy's bedin the room, it's Lily's. There are no clothes on the other bed, the bed isLily's.‎ ‎1. What can yousee in the bedroom? I can see __________.‎ A. a clothes line  B. a tree  C. a bed ‎2. What colour areLucy's trousers? They are ________.‎ A. green  B.black  C. brown ‎3. Where is Lucy'shat? It's on _________.‎ A. the clothes tree B. the clothes line  C. lily's bed ‎4. How many bedsare there in the room? ________.‎ A. only one  B.three  C. two ‎5. Are there anythings on Lily's bed? ________.‎ A. Yes, there is a hat on it B. No, there is not anything on it C. Sorry, I don'tknow ‎                              (C) ‎ It's a fine Sundaymorning. Ann and her mother are in a big bus. There are many people in it. Someof them come from America, and some come from England and Canada. They are alltheir friends. They are going to the Great Wall.     There are two Chinese in the bus. Oneis woman. She is driving the bus. The other is a young man. He speaks goodEnglish. He is now talking about the Great Wall. The other people are alllistening to him. They like the Great Wall. They want to see it very much. 1. Ann and mother are going to the Great Wall __________.   A. by bike   B. by car C. by plane   D. by bus 2. There are __________.   A. only one Chinese in the bus  B. only two Chinese in the bus   C. only two Chinese on the bike  D. only one Chinese in the car 3. The driver is __________.   A. a man  B. a woman C. a Canadian  D. an American 4. The people __________.   A. are singing  B. are talking  C. are listening  D. are looking at the wall 5. They __________.   A. can see the Great Wall             B. can speak English very well.   C. want to talk with the man verymuch  D. want to see the Great Wall verymuch ‎ 初一英语下学期知识点梳理（上）‎ ‎【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1. a bottle of 2. a little 3. a lot (of) 4. all day 5. be from 6. be over 7. come back 8. come from 9. do one’s homework 10. do the shopping 11. get down 12. get home 13. get to 14. get up 15. go shopping 16. have a drink of 17. have a look 18. have breakfast 19. have lunch 20. have supper 21. listen to 22. not…at all 23. put…away 24. take off 25. throw it like that 26. would like 27. in the middle of the day 28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening 29. on a farm 30. in a factory II. 重要句型 1. Let sb. do sth. 2. Could sb. do sth.? 3. would like sth. 4. would like to do sth. 5. What about something to eat? 6. How do you spell …? 7. May I borrow…? III. ‎ 交际用语 1. —Thanks very much! —You're welcome. 2. Put it/them away. 3. What's wrong? 4. I think so. I don't think so. 5. I want to take some books to the classroom. 6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please. Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK. 9. What's your favourite sport? 10. Don't worry. 11.I’m (not) good at basketball. 12. Do you want a go? 13. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right. 14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. 15. We / They have some CDs. We / They don’t have any CDs. 16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow? ---It’s Monday. 17. ---May I borrow your colour pens, please? ---Certainly. Here you are. 18. ---Where are you from? ---From Beijing. 19. What's your telephone number in New York? 20. ---Do you like hot dogs? ---Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.) ---No, I don't. ( I don't like them at all.) 21. ---What does your mother like? ---She likes dumplings and vegetables very much. 22. ---When do you go to school every day? ---I go to school at 7:00 every day. 23. ---What time does he go to bed in the evening? ---He goes to bed at 10:00. IV. 重要语法 1.人称代词的用法； 2. 祈使句； 3. 现在进行时的构成和用法； 4．动词have的用法； 5．一般现在时构成和用法； 6．可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法 ‎ 初一英语下学期知识点梳理（中）‎ ‎【名师讲解】 1. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right. That’s right意为“对的”，表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。例如："I think we must help the old man.""我想我们应该帮助这位老人。" "That's right."或 "You're right.""说得对"。 That’s all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”，用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如： "Many thanks." "That's all right." "Sorry. It's broken." "That's all right." All right.意为“行了”、“可以”，表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好” "Please tell me about it." "请把此事告诉我。" "All right.""好吧。" Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗 2. make/do 这两个词都可以解释为“做”，但含义却不同，不能混用。make指做东西或制东西，do指做一件具体的事。 Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能为我做个纸船吗？ He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。 3. say/speak/talk/tell say：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。如： “I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。” Please say it in English .请用英语说。 speak : “说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词 (即后面不能直接接宾语 ) 。如： Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况？ I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜欢这样说话。 speak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。如： She speaks English well.她英语说得好。 talk : 与 speak 意义相近，也着重说话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一般也只用作不及物动词， 不过，talk 暗示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。如： I would like to talk to him about it .‎ ‎ 我想跟他谈那件事。 Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。 tell : “告诉”，除较少情况外，一般后面总接双宾语。如： He’s telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。 tell a lie 撒谎 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth. Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.‎ ‎4. do cooking/ do the cooking do cooking 作“做饭”解，属泛指。do the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking为动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用 some, much修饰。从do some cooking可引出许多类似的短语： do some washing 洗些衣服 do some shopping 买些东西 do some reading 读书 do some writing 写些东西 do some fishing 钓鱼 从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用some, much或定冠词。 go shopping 去买东西 go fishing 去钓鱼 go boating 去划船 go swimming 去游泳 5. like doing sth./ like to do sth. like doing sth. 与like to do sth. 意思相同，但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性；后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如： He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play football with Li Ming. 他喜欢踢足球，但是他不喜欢和李明踢。 6. other/ others/ the other/ another other表其余的，别的， Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗? others 别的人，别的东西 In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是 美国人,其他的是法国人。 the other表另一个（二者之中）one…，the other… One of my two brothers studies English, 　the other studies ‎ Chinese. 我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。 another表三者以上的另一个，另一些 There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。‎ 初一英语下学期知识点梳理（下）‎ ‎【考点扫描】 中考考点在本单元主要集中在： 1．动词一般现在时和现在进行时的用法，人称代词的用法，可数名词和不可数 名词的构成和用法。 2．本册书中常见的交际用语 3．本册书中一些重点的词组和短语 考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文改错和短文填空。 【中考范例】 1.（2004年安徽省中考试题） ---Hurry up! We’re all waiting for you. ---I ________ for an important phone call. Go without me. A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited 【解析】答案：C。表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。 2. (2004年长春市中考试题) Could you help ____ with _______ English, please? A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I 【解析】答案：C。第一个空作宾语，应用人称代词的宾格me, 第二个空作定语，应用形容词性物主代词my。 3.(2004年长春市中考试题) Dr. White can _______ French very well. A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell 【解析】答案：A。说什麽语言常用动词speak。 4.（2004年黄冈中考试题） English is spoken by ______ people. A. a lot B. much many C. a large number of D. a great deal of 【解析】答案：C。只有a large number of 能用来修饰复数可数名词people。‎