初二英语动词不定式讲解包含口诀 6页

初二英语动词不定式讲解 ‎ 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形“, 有时可以不带to.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化, 在句子中不能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。‎ ‎　　一、作主语，可以用it代替，it叫形式主语，动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语 ‎　　1．To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language.‎ ‎2. It’s dangerous to drive very fast.‎ ‎ 二、如果宾语太长，可用it作形式宾语，构成“主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语不足语(名词或形容词) + to do sth”结构，谓语动词常为find、think、feel等。‎ ‎　　I found it difficult to stop him. 我发现拦截他很困难。‎ 三、 常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：‎ agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(决定), need(需要), mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要), begin(开始), would like(想要等。Ask(请求）, beg（乞求), leave, like, love, hate(讨厌）, prefer（宁愿）, order（命令）, teach, （教）tell,（告诉） believe（相信）, find,（找出） know,（知道） want,（想要） think,（认为） understand,（明白） ‎ 后面跟动词不定式的动词口诀有：‎ 三个希望两答应 （wish hope want promis agree)‎ 两个要求莫拒绝 （ask beg refuse )‎ 想要明白跟知道（would like understand know )‎ 教会告诉要相信 （teach tell believe )‎ 找出爱恨区别点 （find love hate )‎ ‎　　He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已决心去乡下。‎ 四、‎ ‎（1）“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构可以作动词know、think、find out等的宾语。‎ 6‎ ‎　　I don’t know who to ask. 我真不知道该问谁。‎ ‎　　（2）“疑问词 + 动词不定式”可以作动词show、teach、ask等后面的直接宾语。‎ ‎　　She told me where to find the earphone. 她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。‎ ‎　　五、动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。‎ ‎　　Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始。‎ ‎　　I’m worrying about what to do next.  我正愁下一步该怎么办。‎ ‎　　‎ 六、 作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。此时，如果动词不定式的动词为不及物动词，后面的介词绝对不能省略。‎ 动词分“及物”和“不及物”，“及”你就理解成“涉及，有联”，“物”你就理解成“事物或人”。及物的动词”就是“涉及事物的动词”即“有受对象的动词”或“带宾语的动词”（像买buy,花费spend），“不及物的动词”就是“不带宾语的动词”“没有动作承受对象的动词”（像跑run，跳jump,）。 所以介词不能够省略。‎ ‎ I have a lot of books to read. 我有许多书要读。‎ ‎　　　We had only a cold room to live in. 我们只有寒室一间。‎ ‎　　七、不定式复合结构作主语时，需注意：‎ ‎　　（1）It’s + 形容词 + for / of + sb + to do sth.‎ ‎　　当上面的形容词指的是to do sth的性质时，用介词for。‎ ‎　　It’s dangerous for children to swim in the river. 孩子在这条河里游泳很危险。（游泳这件事情危险）‎ ‎（2）当上面的形容词指的是sb的性质时，用介词of。‎ 这些形容词往往修饰人：good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, nice, clever, right, wrong, careful, careless ‎　　It was careless of you to do that. 你这么做真粗心。（你这个人粗心）‎ 八、感官动词hear, see, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to后面直接跟动词原形, 即常见的形式为: hear sb do sth等 6‎ 感官动词后既可跟动词原形作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。 ‎ Many people like to watch others play games. 许多人喜欢看别人玩游戏.‎ I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事） ‎ I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）‎ 九、使役动词let, make, have后面直接跟动词原形; help后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语, to可有可无 She let us meet her at the station, but she didn’t come. 她让我们去车站迎接她,卡她没有来.　　 ‎ 十、区别下列词组的不同含义:‎ remember to do 记住要做某事 remember doing 记得曾经做过某事 ‎ forget to do忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事 ‎ stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 ‎ go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事 ‎ ‎　　十一、It takes sb some time to do sth.花费某人一段时间干某事.‎ ‎　　It took me half an hour to do my homework yesterday.昨天我花了半小时做回家作业.‎ ‎　　It took Jim an hour and a half to read the book.吉姆花了一个半小时看这本书.‎ ‎　　It took mother one and a half hours to do the housework.母亲花了一个半小时干家务.‎ ‎　　用汉字表述上面的句型为:It + take + 人 + 一段时间 + to do sth.‎ ‎　　一段时间形式往往为像这样的例子:fifteen minutes15分钟,an hour一个小时, two days两天, half a month半个月,a year and a half一年半...等等 ‎　　十二、不定式的特殊句型Why not ‎　　　 "Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"‎ ‎　　例如：　Why not take a holiday?干吗不去度假?‎ 6‎ 练习 ‎ ‎　　 根据括号内的动词,用适当的形式填空,空内可能不只填一个词,使句子完整意思正确 ‎　　1. They usually __________ kites on Sundays. (fly)‎ ‎　　2. Look! The dogs __________ after the cat. (run)‎ ‎　　3. Miss Gao __________ English in our school since she came here. (teach)‎ ‎　　4. The class meeting _________ last Wednesday afternoon. (hold)‎ ‎　　5. You should let him __________ the work by himself. (finish)‎ ‎　　6. Meimei __________ to wash the old woman’s clothes twice every week. (go)‎ ‎　　7. Mr Jiang __________ us Chinese last term. (teach)‎ ‎　　8. My father __________ back from Japan tomorrow. (come)‎ ‎　　9. It’s seven o’clock now. The Greens __________ breakfast together. (have)‎ ‎　　10. Jim __________ many Chinese songs since he came to China. (learn)‎ ‎　　11. Please remember __________ the window when you leave the room. (close)‎ ‎　　12. After school some students began to do some __________ in the classroom. (clean)‎ ‎　　13. English __________ widely in the whole world today. (speak)‎ ‎　　‎ ‎(   ) 1. I often see Tom       on the playground. When I passed the playground ‎ ‎ yesterday, I saw him      .  A. play; playing B. to play; play C. playing; to play C. playing; play (   ) 2. — What does the sign  on the bottle mean?  — It means “     ”.  A. This side up B. Dangerous C. Recyclable D. No Parking (   ) 3. When the player finished running, he was out of      .  A. breather B. breathing C. breath D. the breath (   ) 4. — How about going hiking this weekend?  — Sorry, I prefer       rather than      .  A. to stay at home; go out B. to go out; stay at home ‎ 6‎ ‎ C. staying at home; go out D. going out; stay at home ‎ ‎(   ) 5. — We really shouldn’t use plastic bags any more when shopping.  —  It’s important to protect our environment.  A. So does it. B. With pleasure. C. That’s OK. D. So it is. (   ) 6. —   ‎ ‎ — To the supermarket with Wang Fan.  A. Where have you gone?  B. Where did you go to the supermarket?  C. Where have you been? D. Where’s Wang Fang? (   ) 7. I       afraid of the dark, but now I don’t.  A. use to B. used to C. use to be D. used to be (   ) 8. The earth is       years old. A. four thousands six hundreds  B. four thousand six hundred C. four thousand and six hundred million  D. four thousand six hundred millions (   ) 9. They have made so great progress      .  A. three years ago   B. for three years  C. in the past three years  D. before three years (   ) 10. — Has Li Hong gone to the library?  — Pardon?   — I asked       the library.  A. if Li Hong had gone to  B. if had Li Hong gone to  C. Li Hong had gone to  D. has Li Hong gone to (   ) 11. — Oh, Miss Wei. Your skirt looks nice. Is it new?   — No, I       it since three years ago.  A. had  B. bought  C. have had  D. have bought (   ) 12. — Must they clean and tidy the classroom now?  — No, they      . It       after school in the afternoon.  A. mustn’t; must clean  B. needn’t; must clean  C. mustn’t; need be cleaned ; D. don’t have to; can be cleaned (   ) 13. — It’s one o’clock now. I must go.  — It’s raining outside. Don’t leave       it stops.  A. when  B. since  C. while  D. until (   ) 14.       your help, we can finish the task in time.  A. Thanks to  B. Thanks for  C. Because  D. Thank (   ) 15. We should plant more trees on       sides of the street.  A. Either  B. Both  C. all  D. each ‎ ‎　　‎ 6‎ 6‎