八年级英语上册复习资料 14页

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? Activities：（写出动词过去式） go on vacation去度假 be on vacation 度假 stay at home待在家里 go to the mountains 去爬山 go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营 quite a few相当多 study for为……而学习 go out出去 most of the time大部分时间 taste good尝起来很好吃 have a good time玩得高兴 of course当然 feel like给……的感觉；感受到 feel like doing sth go shopping去购物 in the past在过去 walk around四处走走 because of因为 one bowl of… 一碗…… the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明 go on继续 take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down上上下下 come up出来 不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等，以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即 somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而 no 和 every 则只用作定语。 复合不定代词：由 some，any，no，every 加上-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词，叫做复合不定代词。 somebody = someone某人 something 某物，某事 anybody = anyone任何人 anything什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物 nobody = no one没有人，不重要的人 nothing没有东西，什么也没有;不重要的人或事 everybody = everyone每人,人人,所有人 everything每一个事物，一切 词组：for nothing(徒劳，没有好结果，免费)，nothing but(仅仅，只不过)， It’s nothing. (不用谢，不必在意) anybody else(别人) （1）复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句子中作主语、宾语和表语，而不能作定语。 Everything is made of elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。（作主语） I have nothing to say toady.我今天没什么可讲的。（作宾语） That`s nothing.没什么。（作表语） （2）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 （3）代替与-thing构成的复合不定代词，用 it；代替与-body, -one构成的复合不定代词，一般用 they， 在正式文体中可用 he。 如：Everyone knows what they have to do, don’t they ？ Everyone knows what he has to do, doesn’t he ? 每个人都知道他必须做什么，不是吗？ （2）something和 anything 的区别与 some 和 any的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定 句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。 I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。（肯定句） Someone is asking to see you.有人要见你。 （肯定句） Has anything happened ？出什么事了吗？ （疑问句） We can`t decide anything now.我们现在不能作什么决定。 （否定句） If you want anything, call me.你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。（条件状语从句） （3）复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，形容词或不定式等其他定语则须放在它们的后面。 There is nothing wrong with the machine.这机器没出什么毛病。（形容词） This is something special. 这是种特别的东西。（形容词） Is there anything important in today``s newspaper?今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗？（形容词） Do you want anything to drink ?你想喝点什么吗？ If there is anything I can do for you , please tell me.如果有什么我能帮你的，请告诉我。 ④除与-thing构成的复合不定代词外，即 everyone、everybody、someone，somebody都有所有 格形式；当其后有 else时，’s要加在 else后面。如： That must be somebody else’s coat; it isn’t mine. 那一定是别人的外衣，不是我的。 ⑤everyone=everybody, anyone=anybody, 只指人，不能与 of短语连用；every one, any one可指人也可指物，一定要与 of连用才可以。如：Is anybody here? 有人吗？ You can take any one of these. 你可以随便拿一个。 ⑥与 some-，any-构成的复合不定代词的用法与 some, any的用法相同。与 any-构成的复合不定代 词一般用于否定句或疑问句中，not…any-构成完全否定，但没有 any-…not的说法；与 some-构成 的复合不定代词用于肯定句、预料作肯定回答的疑问句、建议或请求的疑问句中 【巧记复合代词分合】：分合皆能单独用，后加 of 合不成。 【巧学不定代词】：不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏；单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一样。 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物 taste + adj. 尝起来…look+adj. 看起来…smell 闻起来 sound 听起来 feel 感觉起来 taste delicious…look beautiful…smell terrible … sound wonderful… feel comfortable /tired / bored/ nothing…but+动词原形 除了……之外什么都没有 seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来…… No one seemed to be bored. seem to do sth. arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地 decide to do sth.决定去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事 keep on doing sth. 反复做某事有小停歇 Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢？ so+adj.+that+从句 如此……以至于…… it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth对某人来说做…怎么样 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不要）做某事 want sb. (not) to do sth. 想要某人（不要）做某事 1.anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是 anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I can’t find it anywhere. somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here. 2. seem + 形容词 看起来….. You seem happy today. seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像…；似乎…. It seems that no one believe you. seem like ….好像，似乎….. It seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum. decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave. 4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与 begin 互换 。He started doing his homework. 但以下几种情况不能用 begin . 1)创办，开办： He started a new bllkshop last month. 2)机器开动： I can’t start my car. 3)出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning. 5. over 介词，多于，超过，在…以上（表示数目、程度）= more than My father is over 40 years old. 在…之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard. 超过： I hear the news over the radio. 遍及： I want to travel all over the world. 6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 We have too much work to do. Don’t talk too much. Much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。 The hat is much too big for me. You’re walking much too fast. 分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。 too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。 7. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。 He can’t take a walk because of the rain. because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。 I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive. Unit2 How often do you exercise? help with housework帮助做家务 on weekends在周末 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不 once a week每周一次 twice a month每月两次 every day每天 be free有空 go to the movies去看电影 use the Internet用互联网 swing dance摇摆舞 play tennis打网球 stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early早点睡觉 play sports进行体育活动 be good for对……有好处 sb. spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光 be bad for对……有坏处 sb. spend time / money on sth.在某方面花费时间/金钱 be good with 与……友好相处 sb. spend time /money in doing sth.在做某事上花费时间/金钱 be good at sth./ doing sth 擅长某事/做某事 be friendly with sb. 与某人友好相处 be friendly to sb. 对某人友好 be kind to sb. 对某人友好 go camping去野营 not…at all一点儿也不…… in one’s free time在某人的业余时间 the most popular最受欢迎的 such as比如；诸如 old habits die hard积习难改 go to the dentist去看牙医 morn than多于；超过 less than少于 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 How about…? ......怎么样？/ ……好不好？ want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事 How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ ……有多少……? 主语+find+that从句. ……发现…… It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。 ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 by doing sth. 通过做某事 What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么？ the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 Which…do you like best? 你最喜欢 词语辨析： 1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。 How often do you play sports? Three times a week. how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。 How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler? how for 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? It’s about 2 kilometers. 1. free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time. I’ll be free next week. = I’ll have time next week. 还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。 The tickets are free. You’re free to go or to stay. 2. How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个 问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。 How come Tom didn’t come to the party? = Why didn’t Tom come to the party? 3. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Don’t stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story. 4. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night. go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon. 5. find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy. find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty. find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door. 6. percent 百分数， 基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判 断谓语的单复数。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed. 7. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为： less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years. 9. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。 I’m afraid we can’t come here on time. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。 Some children are afraid of the dark. Don’t be afraid of asking question. I’m afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心： I’m afraid I have to go now. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别： sometimes 频度副词， 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或 句末。 Sometimes I get up very early. ------How often do you get up? sometime 副词，某个时候。表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词 when. I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. ------When will you go to Shanghai next week? some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中 time 是可数名词，对它提问用 how many times. I have read the story some times. -------How many times have you read the story? some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long. I ‘ll stay here for some time. -----How long will you stay here? Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. That’s Tara, isn’t it? Are you as friendly as your sister? I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends. more outgoing 更外向 as…as…与……一样…… the singing competition唱歌比赛 be similar to与……相像的/类似的 be the same as和……相同；与……一致 be different from与……不同 care about关心；介意 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾 be like a mirror像一面镜子 the most important最重要的 as long as只要；既然 bring out使显现；使表现出 get better grades取得更好的成绩 reach for伸手取 in fact事实上；实际上 make friends交朋友 the other其他的 touch one’s heart感动某人 be talented in music 有音乐天赋 be good at擅长…… be good with 善于与……相处 have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣 be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事 as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与……一样…… It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事……的。 词语辨析： laugh v. & n. 笑 We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。 We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。 He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。 （与 at连用）嘲笑 Don’t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。 People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。 Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。 笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。 though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = although Though it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。 Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。 注意：不能受汉语的影响，在 though引导的从句后使用 but。如： Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误） though adv.. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。 Jim said that he would come, he didn’t , though. 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1）原级（不作比较），修饰词 very,so,too,pretty,really；2）比较级， 表示“较……”或“更……”的意思（两者之间进行比较）, 标志词 than,A or B,of the two, 修饰词 much,a lot,a little；3）最高级，表示“最……”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加 定冠词 the，后面可带 in（of）短语来什么比较的范围。 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化： 构 成 方 法 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级 单音 节词 和部 分双 音节 一般在词尾加-er或-est high short higher shorter highest shortest 以字母 e词尾的词，加 -r或-st late fine later finest latest finest 词 重读闭音节词词尾只 有一个辅音字母时，先 双写辅音字母，再加-er 或-est hot big thin fat hotter bigger thinner fatter hottest biggest thinnest fattest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 的双音节词，先把“y” 改为“i”，再加 -er或-est funny easy early funnier easier earlier funniest easiest earliest 多 音 节 词 和 部 分 双 音 节词 在词前加 more或 most beautiful athletic outgoing more beautiful more athletic more outgoing most beautiful most athletic most outgoing 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化： 原 级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther（更远） further（更深远） farthest(最远) furthest（最深远） as…(原级)as与……一样…… not as/so…as不如 Liming is as tall as Jim. Jack runs as fast as Tom. Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter than Lucy. Unit4 What’s the best movie theater? 1. It has the biggest screens. 2. The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly. 3. How do you like it so far? 到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？ 4. Thanks forget telling me. 5. Can I ask you some questions? movie theater电影院 close to…离……近 clothes store服装店 in town在镇上 so far到目前为止 10 minutes by bus坐公共汽车 10分钟的路程 talent show才艺表演 in common共同；共有 around the world世界各地；全世界 more and more……越来越…… and so on等等 all kinds of……各种各样的 be up to是……的职责；由……决定 not everybody并不是每个人 make up编造（故事、谎言等） play a role in…在……方面发挥作用/有 影响 for example例如 take…seriously认真对待 give sb. sth.给某人某物 come true（梦想、希望）实现；达到 Can I ask you some…?我能问你一些……吗？ How do you like…?你认为……怎么样？Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感谢。 What do you think of…?你认为……怎么样?much+ adj./adv.的比较级 ……得多 watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事 play a role in doing sth.发挥做某事是作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色 one of+可数名词的复数 ……之一 形容词和副词的最高级 比较级有变化，一般词尾加-er， 最高级有变化，词尾加上-est， 词尾若是哑音 e, 直接加 r就可以， 词尾若是哑音 e, 直接加上-st， 辅音字母加 y, 记得把 y变 i加-er, 辅音字母加 y, y变 i再加-est, 一辅重读闭音节，末尾双写加-er， 一辅重读闭音节，末尾双写加-est， 形副音节 123，比较等级 more在前。 形副单词多音节，最高级前 the most。 1.表示由动词加-ing或-ed构成的形容词。 2.表示由形容词加后缀-ly构成的副词。 3.表示部分双音节及多音节词。 tall-- taller short-- shorter long-- longer fat-- fatter heavy-- heavier thin -- thinner cute -- cuter clever-- cleverest strict -- stricter kind -- kinder nice -- nicer calm -- calmer wild -- wilder smart -- smarter quiet -- quieter loud-louder shy -- shier lovely -- lovelier pretty-- prettier ugly-uglier funny -- funnier friendly --friendlier / less friendly happy--happier lazy -- lazier popular -- more popular outgoing – more outgoing talented -- more talented serious –more/less serious active -- more active athletic --more athletic handsome --more handsome beautiful -- more beautiful hardworking – more/ less hardworking ( jump) high -- higher ( run ) fast -- faster ( work ) hard -- harder ( get up ) early -- earlier ( sing ) well -- sing better late -- later ( dance ) well -- dance better ( play basketball ) well -- (play basketball ) better be good at -- be better at ( feel )good -- ( feel )better (sing) clearly -- (sing) more clearly (speak) loudly -- (speak) more loudly calmly -- more calmly wildly -- more wildly quietly -- more quietly seriously --more seriously actively -- more actively Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show? think of认为 learn from从……获得；向……学习 find out查明；弄清楚 talk show谈话节目 game show游戏节目 soap opera肥皂剧 go on发生 watch a movie 看电影 a pair of一双；一对 try one’s best尽某人最大努力 as famous as与……一样有名 have a discussion about就……讨论 one day有一天 such as例如 dress up打扮；梳理 take sb.’s place代替；替换 do a good job干得好 something enjoyable令人愉快的东西 interesting information有趣的资料 one of……之一 look like看起来像 around the world全世界 a symbol of……的象征 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事 happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 expect to do sth.盼望做某事 How about doing…?做……怎么样？ be ready to do sth.乐于做某事 try one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事 1.the other, the others, other, others,another 辨析 the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中 的一个……另一个……时，常用 one …the other…。例： He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor. There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys. the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是 the other 的复数形式，相当于 the other+复数 名词。the other + 复数名词 = any other + 名词单数。例： You two stay here, the others go with me. I’m different from Jeff because I’m louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class. other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例： We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects. others 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。 例： Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly. another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例： I don’t like this one. Please show me another one. 3.find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到 Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing. 4. go on 发生，与 take place 同义 I wonder what was going on. 翻译：隔壁发生了什么？ ？ 1. happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。 Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday. Sth + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事 An accident happened on Park Street. happen v，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式 to,表示“碰巧……”. Sb + happens to do sth. I happened to see my uncle on the street. * take place 意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有 某种原因或事先的安排。例： Great changes have taken place in China. The meeting will take place next Friday. 2. expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构： 1)expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计……可能发生。 I’m expecting Li Lin’s letter. 2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事 Lily expects to come back next week. 3)expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事 I expect my mother to come back early. 4)expect + 从句 预计…… I expected that I’ll come back next Monday. 7. serious a. 严肃的，认真的。 He is a serious man. be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真 Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her. be serious about doing sth. 对某事当真 ____He’s serious about selling his house. take sth. seriously 认真对待某事 动词不定式做宾语 Unit6 I’m going to study computer science. grow up成长；长大 every day每天 be sure about对……有把握 make sure确信；务必 send…to…把……送到…… be able to能 the meaning of……的意思 different kinds of不同种类的 write down写下；记下 have to do with关于；与……有关系 take up开始做；学着做 hardly ever几乎不；很少 too…to…太……而不能……/太……以至于不能 be going to+动词原形 打算做某事 practice doing练习做某事 keep on doing sth.不断地做某事 learn to do sth.学会做某事 finish doing sth.做完某事 promise to do sth.许诺去做某事 help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事 remember to do sth.记住做某事 agree to do sth.同意做某事 love to do sth.喜爱做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事 1 promise vt. 保证，许诺。有三种结构： 1)promise to do sth. _____My mother promised to buy a piano for me. 2)promise sb. sth. _____ My aunt promised me a bike. 3)promise + that 从句_____ Tom promises that he can return on time. promise n. 允诺， 诺言 make a promise Lily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise. 2.when 与 while 的区别： when 表示“当…时候”，既指时间点，又指一段时间，when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止 性的也可以是延续性的。When the teacher came in, the students were talking. When she arrives, I’ll call you. while 表示“当…时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时 发生， while 还可以作并列连词，意为“ 而、却”，表示对比关系。 Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano. Tom is strong while his younger brother is week. 3. practice vt. 练习， 后接名词，代词或 v-ing 作宾语。 Your elder sister is practicing playing the guitar in the room. 常跟 v-ing 作宾语的动词有： 考虑建议盼原谅：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon. 承认推迟没得想： admit, delay/put off, fancy. 避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice. 否认完成能欣赏： deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate. 不禁介意与逃亡： can’t help , mind, escape. 不准冒险凭想象： forbid, risk, imagine. 4. everyday 与 every day 区别 everyday adj. 每天的 在句中作定语，位于名词前。 This is our everyday homework. every day 副词短语， 在句中作状语，位于句首或句末。 He reads books every day. be going to 的用法 1） be going to + 动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的 tomorrow, next year 等时间状语或 when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助 be 动词完成，be 随主语有 am, is, are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。 肯定句： 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他。He is going to take the bus there. 否定句： 主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 I’m not going to see my friends this weekend. 一般疑问句： Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他 肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + be. 否定回答： No, 主语 + be not. Are you going to see your friends this weekend? Yes ,I am. / No, I’m not. 特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？ What is he going to do this weekend? When are you going to see your friends? 2) 如果表示计划去某地，可直接用 be going to + 地点 We are going to Beijing for a holiday. 3) 表示位置移动的动词，如 go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。 The bus is coming. My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week. 4) be going to 与 will 的区别： ① 对未来事情的预测用“ will + 动词原形”表达，will 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在 will 后 面加 not, 也可用 will 后面加 not,或者缩略式 won’t, 变一般疑问句将 will 提至 句首。 Will planes be large in the future? Yes, they will. / No, they won’t. ②will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而 be going to 指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就 要发生。 I believe Lucy will be a great doctor. ③ 陈述将来的某个事实用 will. I will ten years old next year. ④表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用 will. I’m tired I will go to bed. ⑤ 表示意愿用 will.I’ll tell you the truth. ⑥ 表示计划、打算要做的事情用 be going to, 而不用 will. I’m going to buy a computer this month. ---Let’s discuss the plan, shall we? ----Not now. I ______ to an interview. A. go B. went C. am going D. was going ------Jack is busy packing luggage. ---Yes. He _________for America on vacation. A. leaves B. left C. is leaving D. has been away Unit 7 Will people have robots? 短语：on computers on paper live to be 200 years old free time be in danger on the earth play a part in sth/doing sth live on a space station look for computer programmer in the future huandreds of the same…as over and over again get bored wake up look like = be like 像… fall down 用法： will + 动词原形 将要做 have to do sth 不得不做某事 fewer/more + 可数名词复数 更少/更多… less/more + 不可数名词 更少/更多 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 try to do sth. 尽力做某事 disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意见 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 such + 名词（词组） 如此 play a part in doing sth 参与做某事 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 make sb +adj. 让某人怎么样 help sb (to)do sth 帮助某人做某事 make sb. sth. make me a better person 使我成为更好的人 There will be + 主语 + 其他 将会有…. There is/are + sb. + doing sth 有…正在做… It is + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth 做某事对某人来说…的 词语辨析： 1. every 与 each 的区别： every 用来表整体，each 用来表个别。each 最低需是两，every 最低需是三。every adj. every 作主用单数，each 可单也可复，作主、作定用单数，其他情况用复数。 each adj./ pron. Every teacher knows her. There are lots of trees on each side of the road. Each of the road has a dictionary. 2. on the earth 在地球上，作地点状语，位于句首或句末。 on earth 究竟，到底。用于疑问句或副 词后，加强语气。 All the living things on the earth depend on the sun. / What on earth do you mean? 3. human, 指包括男人女人孩子的“人，人类”，有别于动物，自然景物，机器等的特殊群体，也可指 具体的人。 person, 无性别之分，常用于数目不太大，而且数目比较精确的场合。 people, 泛指“人们”，表示复数概念。 man,前不带冠词而且单独使用时，指“男人”，a man 可指“一个人/ 一个男人”，复数形式为 men. He was the only human on the island. There are only three persons in the room. There are many people there. Man is stronger than woman. 4. seem 连系动词，好像，似乎，看来。有下面几种用法： seem + 名词 看起来。He seems a nice man. seem like 好像，似乎。 It seemed like a good idea at the time. seem to do sth. 似乎/看起来/好像做某事。 I seem to have left my book at home. It seems/seemed that 看起来好像…, 似乎…. He was very happy. seem to be + 形容词/名词 = seem + 形容词/名词。 She seems to be happy.= She seems happy. 5. probably ad. maybe 相当于 perhaps. 也许，大概，可能。作状语. probably 用于句中，可能性最大。 He will probably come tomorrow. maybe/perhaps 用于句首。 Maybe/Perhaps you are right. 1. during / for / in 介词，在……期间。说到某事是在某一段时间之间发生的用 during; 说到某事 持续多久则用 for; 说到某事具体发生的时间用 in. We visited many places of interest during the summer holiday. I’ve been here for two weeks. They usually leave school in July. 一般将来时结构： 肯定式： 主语 + will/shall + 动词原形 + 其他 will 用于各种人称，shall 用于第一人称。 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他 be 随人称、数和时间的变化而变换。 否定式： 在 will/shall/be 后面加 not. will not = won’t . 一般疑问句： 将 will/shall/be 提到主语前面。 There be 句型的一般将来时： There will be + 主语 + 其他 ，意为 ：将会有。一般疑问句形式为： Will there be + 主语 + 其他。 肯定回答是： Yes, there will. 否定回答是： No, there won’t. 否定形式是：There won’t be + 主语 + 其他， 将不会有…… 特殊疑问句是: 疑问词/ 词组 + 一般疑问句？ When will there be a nice basketball match? Traveling to space is no longer just a dream. Russia______the first hotel in space in the near future. A. builds B. will build C. built D. has built There ______ a football match on CCTV-5 at nine tomorrow evening. A. will have B. is going to be C . is having In 50 years there _______more robots in people’s homes. A. were B. will have C. will be D. have --Will people live to be 300 years old? ---_________. A. No, they aren’t B. No, they won’t C. No, they don’t D. No, they can’t. They ______any classes next week. A. will have B. won’t have C. have D. had Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake? 短语：milk shake turn on pour into a cup of yogurt Sounds like a good idea/plan. on Saturday cut up put into one more thing=another thing a piece of bread at this time a few/ few （几乎没有） fill…with… cover…with… one by one a long time 短语用法：How many + 可数名词复数 How much + 不可数名词 let sb. + do sth. want + to do sth. forget + to do sth. how + to do sth. There are many reasons for 一段时间 +ago by + doing sth. need + to do sth. make + 宾语 + 形容词 It’s time(for sb) + to do sth First…Next…Then…Finally… 句型：Turn on the blender. How do you make a banana milk shake? How many bananas do we need? How much yogurt do we need? Now, it’s time to enjoy the rice noodles! 语法：主谓一致判断法： 1. 不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 2. 动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 3. either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also..连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与 邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 4. 在 here, there 开头的倒装句中，谓语动词与后面的名词在数上保持一致。 词语辨析： 1. turn on 打开，接通（电源，气，水），反义词是 turn off. turn up/turn down 调高/低音量。 2. pour…into… 将…倒入/灌入… into 是：进入… in 是：在…内。 在 put, throw, break, lay, fall 等动词之后，既可用 in，也可用 into。但 in 可作副词，into 不能。 He put all the books in/into the bag. Come in! 3. 有关 make 的短语： make the bed 铺床 make tea 沏茶 make trouble 惹麻烦 make money 赚钱 make a decision 做决定 make a telephone call 打电话 make a visit 拜访 make a mistake 犯错误 make a noise 弄出噪音 make a living 谋生 make sure 务必 4. one more thing = another one thing 基数词 + more + 名词 = another + 基数词 + 名词 5. fill with 用…填充… be filled with = be full of 充满…. The boy filled the bottle with sand. / The bag was full of clothes. 6. cover…with… 用…把…覆盖 be covered with 被…所覆盖。 cover n. 封面，盖子。 Ann covered her face with her hands. / The cover of the magazine is nice. 7. It’s time (for sb) to do sth. 到某人做某事的时候了。 It’s time for sth. 到做某事的时候了。 Unit 9 Can you come to my party? 短语：on Saturday afternoon have to prepare for an exam go to the doctor/dentist have the flu help my parents come to the party meet my friend go to the party too much homework go to the movies another time last fall hang out after school on the weekend study for a test visit grandparents the day before yesterday the day after tomorrow look after have a piano lesson accept an invitation turn down an invitation take a trip at the end of this month at the beginning of this month look forward to doing sth. the opening of go shopping too much homework go to the concert not…until reply in writing 书面回复 reply to sth/sb. 回复 短语用法： invite sb. to do sth. What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 （+ 主语 + 谓语）！ help sb. (to) do sth What + 形容词 + 名词复数/不可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）！ be sad to do sth. see sb to do sth / see sb doing sth the best way to do sth. have a surprise party for sb What’s today? What’s the date today? What day is it today? 句型：Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon? Sure, I’d love to. / Sorry， I can’t. I have to prepare for an exam. 1. prepare意为“准备”，强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可 接不定式。 prepare for sth. 为…准备好。for的宾语不是动作的承受者，而是表示准备的目的，即所 要应付的情况。 / prepare to do sth 准备做某事。 prepare 强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。 get/be ready 意为“准备好”，强调准备的结果。常见结构有：①be ready(for sth．)②get sth. ready ③be ready(for sth)④be get ready to do(准备干某事，乐于干某事) We _____ the mid-term examination. Miss Li said, “Everyone should ______before class. 2. have the flu 患感冒 have a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽 have a fever 发烧 have a sore throat 喉咙痛 have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛 3. hang out 常去某处，泡在某处 hang on 紧紧抓住 hang about 闲荡 hang up 挂电话，悬挂， 挂起 4. catch you = bye bye catch a cold 感冒 catch sb’s eye 引起某人注意 catch the train 赶上火 车 catch up with 赶上，，跟上 catch hold of 抓住 5.accept 接受 , 反义词为： refuse。 accept指主观上愿意接受，receive 收到，指客观上收到或拿到， 但主观上不一定会接受。 I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn’t like to accept it. 1. turn down = refuse 拒绝 turn up 放大，调高 turn over 翻身 take turns 依次，轮流 2. help sb.(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth 在某方面帮助人 help oneself to sth 随便吃 3. at the end of 在…末尾，在…尽头， by the end of 到…末为止 in the end of 终于 4. surprised 形容词，感到意外的，主语是人 be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到意外 surprising 形容词，令人惊讶的，主语是物 The news was surpring. surprise 名词，惊奇、惊讶 to one’s surprise 动词，使惊奇，使感到意外 It surprise sb to do sth. 5. look forward to 期待，盼望，to 是介词，后跟名词，代词或动名词作宾语。 hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 = receive a letter from sb. hear of = hear about 听说 6. make it 在约定的时间内到达，能够来 = arrive in time; Glad you could make it. 商量确定的时间，表示将来某项计划的安排，后接时间状语。 Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday. 成功办成某事 = succeed After years of hard work, he finally made it. 7. reply 回答，指用口头或书面形式回答，不及物动词 reply to sb/sth. 对…..作出回答。 作及物动词，意为 回答，回答说。作名词，意为：答道，回信，答复，后跟介词 to . answer 是最普通的用语，包括口头，书面或行动的回答，可作及物和不及物动词。 Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time! 短语：go to the party have a great /good time stay at home take the bus tomorrow night have a class party have a class meeting half the class make some food at the party order food potato chips be angry with sb. give sb some advice travel around the world go to college make（a lot of）money get an education work hard a soccer player keep…to oneself talk to sb. in life in the end be angry at/about sth make mistakes in the future run away the first step in half solve a problem school clean-up 习惯用法： ask sb. to do sth give sb sth. tell sb. to do sth it’s too…to do sth be afraid to do sth. advise sb to do sth It’s best (not)to do sth. need to do sth 语法：I think I’ll take the bus to the party. If you do, you’ll be late. What will happen if they have the party today? If they have it today, half the class won’t come. Should we ask people to bring food? If we ask people to bring food, they’ll just bring potato chips and chocolate.