苏教新牛津初中英语八年级上册Unit 16页

海豚教育个性化简案 学生姓名： ‎ 年级： ‎ 科目： ‎ 授课日期： 月 日 上课时间： 时 分 ------ 时 分 合计： 小时 教学目标 1. ‎ 单元重要词组、句型 2. ‎ 祈使句、 should ,ought to的用法 3. ‎ had better的用法 重难点导航 ‎1. 祈使句、 should ,ought to的用法 ‎2. had better的用法 教学简案：‎ 一：重要词组 二：重要句型 三：单元语法 四：错题汇编 五：个性化作业 六：评估表 授课教师评价： □ 准时上课：无迟到和早退现象 ‎（今日学生课堂表 □ 今天所学知识点全部掌握：教师任意抽查一知识点，学生能完全掌握 现符合共 项） □ 上课态度认真：上课期间认真听讲，无任何不配合老师的情况 ‎（大写） □ 海豚作业完成达标：全部按时按量完成所布置的作业，无少做漏做现象 ‎ 审核人签字：‎ 学生签字：‎ 教师签字：‎ 备注：请交至行政前台处登记、存档保留，隔日无效 （可另附教案内页） 大写：壹 贰 叁 肆 签章：‎ 海豚教育个性化教案（真题演练）‎ 真题演练:‎ ‎1. (2009·安顺中考) “Sorry for being late again.”‎ ‎“________ here on time next time, or you’ll be punished.” A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been ‎2. (2009·淄博中考) -May I listen to the music here, Mr. White?‎ ‎-Sorry, you’d better it like that.‎ A. not to do B. not do C. don’t do D. not do to ‎3. (2009·哈尔滨中考) Boys and girls, ________ up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp(夏令营). ‎ A. putting B. to put C. put ‎4. (2008·资阳中考) “_______ exercise every day, my child. It’s good for your health.” Father said.‎ A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Takes ‎5. (2008·嘉兴中考) Ssh! ________ talk loudly. The baby is sleeping right now.‎ A. Do B. Does C. Don’t D. Doesn’t ‎ ‎6. (2007·重庆中考) ________ sleep too late. It’s bad for your health. ‎ A. Do B. Not C. Don’t D. Please not 海豚教育个性化教案（内页）‎ ‎8A unit 4 do it yourself 一：单元重点短语 1. No problem 没问题 2. ‎ Read the instructions 看说明 3. had better 最好 4. stand for 代表，象征 5. look terrible 看起来很糟 6. make a mistake 犯错误 7. take a course 学习一门课程 8. Attend a lesson 上课 9. Instead of 而不是，代替 10. repair the shelf 修理架子 11. Ought to 应该 12. give advice 给出建议 13. for example 例如 14. Some kinds of 一些种类的 15. Make sure 确保，确信 16. Stop doing sth 停止做某事 17. A piece of bread 一块面包 18. Decide to do sth 决定做某事 19. During that time 在那期间 20. Make a birthday card 做生日贺卡 21. Fix one’s broken chair 修理某人的坏椅子 22. Decorate our house 装饰我们的房子 23. Be crazy about 对。。。。。着迷 24. Not only but also 不仅，而且 25. Put a picture on the wall 将画贴在墙上 26. Paint the walls blue 将墙刷成蓝色 27. Fill with 用，。。。填充 28. On the other side of 在........的另一方面 1. Mix sth together 将某物混合在一起 2. Make a fruit salad 做水果沙拉 3. A birthday card with some roses on it 印有玫瑰花的生日贺卡 4. Be not happy with 对........不满意 5. Paint the card pink 将卡片涂成粉红色 6. Have fun doing sth 很高兴做某事 7. Keep it secret 保密 8. Start working sth 开始从事 9. Keep doing sth 不停的做某事 二：重要句型 1. First, we should read the instructions. 首先，我们应该看说明 ‎ （1）should意思为应该。可用于各个人称。指现在或者过去表示责任或者义务。‎ ‎ Eg： You shouldn’t be so careless. ‎ ‎ （2） 可能的意思，表示推测 ‎ Eg：They should arrive soon 2. It says,” Do it yourself” 它上面写着“自己做”‎ ‎ 此处say意思为表示，写道，相当于read My watch says 8:30. 我的表是8点30分。‎ 3. But he made s mistake and there was no electricity in our house all day. 但是他犯了一个错误，我们的全天没有电。‎ （1) make a mistake 犯错误 ‎ 扩展：by mistake 错误地 ‎ I took your umbrella by mistake.‎ ‎ (2) and no mistake 无疑地，的确 ‎ It’s raining outside and no mistake. ‎ ‎ All day (=the whole day)整天 ‎ The old man read Greek and Latin all day long to kill time ‎ .那个老人整天读希腊语和拉丁语来打发时间 4. Another time ,my dad helped me put a picture on the wall in my bedroom, but he hit a pipe and filled my room with water. 还有一次，我爸爸帮我把图片挂在我的卧室墙上，但是他碰坏了水管，使我的房间里充满了水 ‎ 扩展： can’t help doing sth 禁不住，情不自禁的 ‎ Help sb with 在.........方面帮助某人 ‎ Help yourself to 请随便吃 ‎ With the help of/ with one’s help 在.......帮助下 ‎ Fill with 把.........装满，充满 ‎ Be filled with 被......装满（充满）‎ ‎ Fill in 填满，填充 5. My dad spent five days putting the shelf on the wall. 我父亲花了五天时间在墙上装了一个架子。‎ ‎ spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：‎ (1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）。‎ ‎ 例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。‎ (2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。‎ ‎ 例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。‎ (3) spend money for sth. 花钱买……。‎ ‎ 例：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 ‎ ‎ cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法如下：‎ (1) sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。‎ ‎ 例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。‎ (2) ‎(doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。‎ ‎ 例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 ‎ 注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 ‎ ‎ take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：‎ (1) It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。‎ ‎ 例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。‎ (2) doing sth. takes sb. ＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。‎ ‎ 例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 ‎ ‎ pay的基本用法是：‎ (1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买……。‎ ‎ 例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。‎ (2) ‎ pay for sth. 付……的钱。‎ ‎ 例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。‎ (3) ‎ pay for sb. 替某人付钱。‎ ‎ 例：Don ‘t worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心， 我会给你付钱的。‎ (4) ‎ pay sb. 付钱给某人。‎ ‎ 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。‎ ‎(5) pay money back 还钱。‎ ‎ 例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。‎ 6. we quickly started working on it . 我们迅速开始制作它。‎ ‎ Work on 从事于，继续工作。它的宾语只能位于介词on的后面。‎ ‎ 例：the boy is working on the problem.‎ 扩展：work out 算出，制定出，名词作宾语时名词可以至于副词out之前或者之后。代词做宾语时代词只能位于副词out之前。‎ ‎ 例：Every one of us worked out a plan of study.‎ 7. I kept spelling the word “birthday“ wrong. 我老是将birthday这个单词拼错。‎ ‎ Keep doing 一直做某事 ‎ 例： She keeps smiling ‎ 扩展：keep on doing 不断地做 ‎ Keep sb /sth doing 让某人或某物不停地做 ‎ 例： He kept us waiting for 20 minutes. ‎ 单元语法 一． 祈使句 二． 定义 ‎ 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。‎ ‎ 祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please，但如果在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“，”。‎ ‎ ‎ 三、表现形式 ‎ ‎ ●肯定结构: ‎ 一：.Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。‎ ‎ 如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 ‎ ‎ 1. 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。‎ ‎ 如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 ‎ ‎ 2. 有的为了加强语气，在肯定式的谓语动词前面加do ‎ 如： Do come again, please.‎ ‎ 3. 为了表示委婉的语气，可以在句首或者句尾加上please，但是please加在句尾，前面要用逗号隔开 ‎ 如： Please tell him to come on time=Tell him to come on time, please.‎ ‎ 4. 为了明确向对方提出请求或者发出命令，可加呼语，但是呼语要与句子隔开 ‎ 如： Put away your school things, Tom 二：. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! Be quite.安静 Be careful！小心！‎ 三：. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 ‎ ‎●否定结构: ‎ ‎ 1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。 ‎ ‎ 如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! ‎ ‎ Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到! ‎ ‎ 2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。‎ ‎ 如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 ‎ 3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。‎ 4. 如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! ‎ 四． 祈使句的反意疑问句，否定句用will you，肯定句用will you 或者won’t you ‎　如：Have a rest,will you . ‎ ‎　　 Stand up,will (won't) you .‎ ‎ 注意： let’s 开头的祈使句，后用shall we， let us 开头的祈使句用will you。‎ ‎ Let''s go，shall we？ ‎ ‎ Let us go，will you？‎ 二：should ought to had better 一：should ought to 大体上两者的意思是相同的,通常可以互相转换。ought是助动词，不是过去式。 ‎ 二者区别： ‎ ought to比should 语气强 ‎ ‎（1）should 表示主观看法，一些建议，劝说时，译作“应当”。 ‎ ought to，直接接动词原形，更多反映客观情况，“有义务”或“必要”做某事，译为“应当，应该” ‎ ‎（2）ought to的否定就表示做某事一定是错误的 ‎ 而should的否定就表示某动作不一定要做 ‎ ‎3.should可以用于虚拟语态, ‎ 而ought to 不能 ‎ ught to 是唯一一个可加to的情态动词! ‎ ought to 比should语气更强烈 ‎ ought to的否定就表示做某事一定是错误的 ‎ 而should的否定就表示某动作不一定要做 ‎ 表示应该，责备时 区别不大 但是should可以在名词从句中表示虚拟如在suggest,advise,等从句中 在lest,for fear that, in case等的状语从句中也只用should 另外should有表示惊讶之意 ‎ ought to与should意思接近，大多数情况下二者可以互换，但是should谈的是自己的主观看法，ought to则更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。 ‎ 如： We should／ought to help each other and learn from each other in our work． ‎ She is your mother, so you ought to support her． ‎ We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will． ‎ ought to具体用法如下： ‎ ‎1. (表示义务、责任等) 应当, 应该 ‎ You ought to work harder than that. ‎ ‎2. (表示劝告、建议等) 应该, 该 ‎ You don't look well. You ought to go to see the doctor. ‎ ‎3. (表示猜测、期望) 总应该，理应 ‎ It ought to be a fine day tomorrow morning. ‎ ‎4. “ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做 ‎ You ought to have told me that (but you didn't). ‎ 这时ought to和should可以互换使用。 ‎ 二、ought to的否定式和疑问式 ‎ ‎1. ought to的否定形式是ought后直接加not构成，其否定形式可缩写为oughtn't。 ‎ One ought not (oughtn't) to cross the street against the red light. ‎ ‎2. ought to的疑问式是将ought提到句首构成。 ‎ ‎—Ought we to do it at once? —Yes, you ought to. ‎ 在反意疑问句里，下面两种形式都可以： ‎ He ought to be here now, shouldn't (oughtn't) he? ‎ ‎"必须 ,应该, 应当"的意思，ought to与should意思接近，大多数情况下二者可以互换，但是should谈的是自己的主观看法，ought to则更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。 ‎ ought to具体用法如下： ‎ ‎1. (表示义务、责任等) 应当, 应该 ‎ You ought to work harder than that. ‎ ‎2. (表示劝告、建议等) 应该, 该 ‎ You don't look well. You ought to go to see the doctor. ‎ ‎3. (表示猜测、期望) 总应该，理应 ‎ It ought to be a fine day tomorrow morning. ‎ ‎4. “ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做 ‎ You ought to have told me that (but you didn't). ‎ 这时ought to和should可以互换使用。 ‎ ought to的否定式和疑问式 ‎ ought to的否定形式是ought后直接加not构成，其否定形式可缩写为oughtn't。 ‎ One ought not (oughtn't) to cross the street against the red light. ‎ ‎2. ought to的疑问式是将ought提到句首构成。 ‎ ‎—Ought we to do it at once? —Yes, you ought to. ‎ 在反意疑问句里，下面两种形式都可以： ‎ He ought to be here now, shouldn't (oughtn't) he 二： had better ‎1. had better的基本用法特点 其意为“最好”、“应该”，后接动词原形，与情态动词should用法相似，其中的had通常缩略为 ‘d。如：‎ You’d better get some sleep．你最好去睡一会儿。‎ We had better go before it rains. 我们最好在下雨前就去。‎ ‎2. had better如何构成否定式和疑问式 构成否定式时，通常将not置于had better之后(而不是had之后)；而构成疑问式时，则通常将had(而不是had better)置于主语之前。如：‎ I’d better not disturb him．我最好别去打扰他。‎ What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办? ‎ ‎【注】在否定疑问句或反意疑问句中可将not与had连用。如：‎ Hadn’t we better go now? 我们是不是现在就去呢? ‎ ‎3. 有关had better的几点用法说明 ‎(1) had better 用于提出建议或请求时，并不是一个很客气委婉的表达，它暗示对方有义务去做某事，因此通常用于长辈对晚辈或上级对下级等，而不宜反过来用。‎ ‎(2) had best与had better 用法和含义均差不多，但不如had better普通。如：‎ You had best get home before midnight．你最好在午夜之前回到家里。‎ We had best be going．我们最好现在就走。‎ ‎(3) 有时可省略其中的had。如：‎ You better stop arguing．你们最好不要争论了。‎ Better not wait for him. 最好不要等他了。‎ Better say yes, if they ask you. 如果他们问你，你最好说“是”。‎ 练习：‎ 一、 将以下祈使句改为否定式： 1. Come here early. 2. Ask him. 3. Please wait for her. 4. Read the book carefully. 5. Sit under the tree, please. 6. Let’s go there together. ‎ 二、选择最佳答案填空： 1. If you are tired, ______ a rest. A. have                             B. having C. to have                         D. had 2. ______ me go. It is very important for me. A. Do let                           B. let do C. Doing let                       D. To do let 3. He is not honest. ______ believe him. ‎ A. Not                               B. Don’t C. To not                           D. Not to 4. If you want to stay, let me know, ______? A. will you                         B. shall we C. do you                           D. do we 5. Never come late again, ______? A. will you                         B. won’t C. do you                           D. does he 6. _____ up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train. A. Getting                          B. Get C. To get                           D. Got 7. _____ in the street. It’s dangerous. A. Not play                        B. Not to play C. Don’t play                     D. Don’t to play 8. Please ______ me some money, will you? A. lend                               B. lending C. to lend                           D. be lend 9. The film is about to begin. Please ______ seated. A. be                                 B. are C. is                                  D. being 10. _____ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep                             B. Keeping C. To keep                         D. Kept 海豚教育错题汇编 海豚教育个性化作业 一. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. It’s an important meeting. __________ (not, be )late.‎ ‎2. ____________ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.‎ ‎3. ____________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ____________ (be) polite.‎ ‎4. ____________ ( not, talk) and ____________ (read) aloud.‎ ‎5. ____________ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.‎ ‎6. ____________ (look) out! A car is coming.‎ ‎7. ____________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.‎ ‎8. ____________ (not, let) the baby cry.‎ ‎9. Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold.‎ ‎10. Let’s ____________ (not, say) anything about it.‎ 二. 选择填空 ‎ ( )1 .Her doctor said: “________ work so hard”‎ ‎ A Stop B Don’t C Can’t D No ‎ ( )2. Sindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock ‎ A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure ‎ ( )3.________ when you cross the road.‎ ‎ A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful ‎ ( )4. ________him the secret, will you?‎ ‎ A Don’t tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling ‎ ( )5. ________ in bed. It’s bad for your eyes.‎ ‎ A Not to read B Don’t read C Don’t to read D Not read ‎ ( )6. ________ Your child. We’ll look after him.‎ ‎ A Not to worry about B Don’t worry about C Not worry for D Don’t worry with ‎ ( )7.They are very tired. Why ________ have a rest?‎ ‎ A not they B do not they C don’t they D not to ‎ ( )8 --You look rather tired. ________ stopping to have a rest?‎ ‎ -- All right.‎ ‎ A Why not B How about C Why not to Dwhy don’t ‎ ( ) 9 ______ tell a lie.‎ ‎ A Hardly B Not C No D Never ( )‎ ‎10.Please ________ look outside. Look at the blackboard.‎ ‎ A not B don’t C aren’t D can’t ‎ ( )11. Why don’t you join us in the game?‎ ‎ A What not B Why not C Why to D How to ‎ ( ) 12 ______ go for the book alone, Ms Zhang.‎ ‎ A Let’s B Let me C Letus D Allow ‎ ( )13 John, read the text for us,________?‎ ‎ A does he B will he C do you D will you ‎ ( )14. Let’s do it at once, ________ ?‎ ‎ A shall we B will you C do we D do you ‎ ( )15. Let us do it at once, ________ ?‎ ‎ A shall we B will you C do we D do you