中学仁爱英语八年级上册重难点 41页

‎ 中学仁爱版英语八年级上册重难点汇总 Unit 1 Playing Sports Topic 1 I’m going to play basketball 一．重点词语:‎ ‎1.during the summer holidays 在暑假期间 ‎ 2. between…and…在两者之间 3.cheer sb. on 为某人加油 ‎4. prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事 5.quite a bit/a lot很多 ‎6. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 ‎7.go skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking 去滑雪/滑冰/骑车/爬山/远足 ‎8.arrive in/at 到达 9. play against…与……对抗/较量 ‎10. leave for…动身去… 11.China’s national team中国国家队 ‎12.at least 至少 13.be good at 善于做某事 ‎14.take part in 参加 15.all over the world 全世界 ‎16.be good for 对……有益 17.keep fit/healthy 保持健康 二．重点句型 ‎1. What’s your favorite sport? = What sport do you like best? ‎ 你最喜爱的运动是什么?‎ ‎2. Which sport do you prefer? = Which sport do you like better? ‎ 你更喜欢什么运动? ‎ I prefer skating. = I like skating better. 我更喜欢滑雪.‎ ‎ Do you skate much? = Do you often skate? 你常滑雪吗?‎ She spends at least half an hour in the gym every day. ‎ 每天她至少花半小时在体育馆.‎ ‎3. Would you like to come and cheer us on ? 你愿意来为我们加油吗？‎ ‎4. What are you going to be when you grow up? 当你长大后做什么？‎ ‎5.There is going to be a school sports meet next month.下月有一场运动会。‎ 三．重点语言点 ‎1. see sb. do sth. “看见某人做了某事” 强调动作的全过程,常与every day; often等连用.‎ see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事” 强调动作正在进行.‎ ‎ 如: I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays.‎ ‎ I often see him draw pictures near the river. 我常看见她在河边画画.‎ ‎ I saw her go across the street. 我看见她过了马路 ‎ I saw her going across the street. 我看见她正在过马路. ‎ ‎ 类似的有watch, hear, feel 等这类感观动词.‎ ‎2. join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列” “和某人在一起”‎ join + 组织 表示“加入某个组织” take part in 表示“参加/出席某个活动”‎ 如: Will you join us? I will join the skiing club.‎ ‎ She is planning to take part in the high jump.‎ ‎3. arrive in + 大地点 arrive at + 小地点 get to + 地点 = reach + 地点 如: My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday.‎ ‎ I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall.‎ 注意: reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home ‎4. leave… 离开……leave for… 动身去…/离开到…‎ 如: They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们要离开北京.‎ They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他们要前往日本.‎ ‎5.a few “几个;一些” 修饰可数名词 a little “一点点” 修饰不数名词 如: There are a few eggs in the basket. There is a little water in the bottle.‎ ‎6.how long 表示“多久(时间)”; 提问时间段.‎ how often 表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提问时间的频率.‎ 如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. → How long will they stay in Beijing?‎ ‎ He plays basketball twice a week. → How often does he play basketball?‎ ‎7. be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing) sth. 擅长于(做)某事 ‎ ‎ 如: She is good at (playing) baseball. = She does well in (playing) baseball.‎ ‎8. make sth/sb + adj. 使某物(某人)在某种状态 ‎ keep sth/sb + adj. 保持某物(某人)在某种状态 ‎ 如: Playing soccer can make your body strong.‎ ‎ Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.‎ 四．重点语法 ‎ 一般将来时：‎ （一） be going to 结构: ‎ ‎ 表示主语进行某一将来行动的打算、意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用be going to表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。 ‎ 如：I’m going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.‎ ‎ 我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。‎ ‎ She is going to buy a sweater for her mother. ‎ 她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。‎ ‚表预测。指根据迹象推测，而且马上或很快就要发生。‎ ‎ 如：Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！‎ ‎（二） will + 动词原形：表示单纯的将来事实，常与表将来的时间状语如: tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year…)等连用。will not = won’t; 缩略形式为’ll.‎ 表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划，是临时的一种决定。‎ 如：a. ----Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆，把你的东西收拾好。‎ ‎----I’m sorry. I’ll do it right away. 对不起。我马上就去做。‎ ‎ b. ----Would you like coffee or tea? 您要咖啡还是茶？‎ ‎ ----I will have a cup of tea, please. 我要一杯茶。‎ ‎ c. Don’t worry. I’ll help you. 别担心。我会帮你的。‎ ‚表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。‎ 如： I’m sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢。‎ Maybe she will go to the gym. 也许她会去体育馆。‎ ƒ表示许诺。如： I’ll do better next time. 下次我会做得更好的。‎ ‎ I’ll visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的。‎ 句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.‎ 否定句：I/She/He/They won’t go to play baseball soon.‎ 一般疑问句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon?‎ 回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they won’t.‎ ‎（三）动词plan, come, go, leave, fly等用现在进行时表示将要发生的事.‎ ‎ 如： I’m coming. 我就来。He is leaving for Shanghai. 他将到上海去。‎ ‎ We are going to Beijing. 我们将去北京。‎ Topic 2 I’ll kick you the ball again.‎ 一、重点词语:‎ ‎1.have a soccer game 进行一场足球赛 2.fall ill 病倒了 ‎3. be a little far from… 离……有点远 4.right away = at once 立刻;马上 ‎5.do one’s best 尽某人的力 6.say sorry to sb. 对某人说抱歉 ‎7. be sure to do sth. 确定做某事 8.be angry with… 生某人的气 ‎9. with one’s help = with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下 ‎10.turn up/down调高/低（音量）11. keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 ‎12.in a minute 一分钟后；马上 13.on the phone 在电话中 ‎14.take a seat 就坐 15.never mind 不要紧 16.as well 也 ‎17.throw…into… 把……投进…… 18.follow/obey the rules 遵守规则 ‎19.instead of… 替代…… 20.ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事 ‎21. make a plan for sb. 为某人订一份计划 22.build up 增进;增强 ‎23.be important to 对于某人来说是重要 ‎24.in a minute/ at once/ right away 立刻/马上 二.重点句型 ‎1.Could you please do me a favor? = Could you help me? = Could you give me a hand? 你能帮我吗？ ‎ ‎2.Would you mind teaching me? = Would you please teach me? 你教我好吗？‎ ‎3.Would you mind not smoking here ? 你不要在这里抽烟好吗？‎ ‎4.You are always so careless. 你总是这样粗心大意.‎ ‎5.I’m very sorry for what I said. 我为所说感到道歉。‎ ‎5.We are sure to win next time 下次，我们一定回赢。‎ ‎6.Let me buy you a new one. = Let me buy a new one for you.让我为你买一个新的。‎ ‎7.He invented an indoor game for his students so that they could play it even in bad weather. 他为他的学生们发明了一项室内运动以便他们甚至在恶劣的天气也能玩。‎ ‎8.And you can throw it with one hand or both hands.你能用一只手或两只手投掷它。‎ ‎9.I have great fun running and I feel well and look fit 我总是快乐地跑步和我感到很好，看上去很健康。‎ 三. 重点语言点 ‎1. ill 与 sick 都表示 “生病的”, 只能作表语而既可作表语也可作定语.‎ 如: The man is ill/sick. 那个男人病了. (作表语)‎ ‎ He is a sick man. 他是个病人. (作定语)‎ ‎2. Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示 “(不)做某事介意/好吗?”‎ 如: Would you mind coming and checking it? 来修理它好吗?‎ ‎ Would you mind not smoking here? 不要在这儿吸烟好/介意吗?‎ ‎ 3. one of + 名词复数 表示 “其中之一……”, 主语是one,表单数.‎ 如: One of my teammates is strong and tall. 其中我的一个队友又高又壮。‎ ‎ One of my friends likes English 其中我的一个朋友喜欢英语。‎ ‎4. miss “错过,思念,遗失”‎ 如: I missed the last bus yesterday. 昨天我错过最后一班车.‎ ‎ He missed his mother. 他想念他的母亲. ‎ ‎ My God! I missed(=lost) my key. 天啊! 我把钥匙弄丢了.‎ ‎ 5. be sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子 “确定做某事”‎ ‎ 如: We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time.‎ 我们确信下次一定会赢。‎ ‎6. be sorry for… “为某事抱歉”‎ ‎ be sorry to do sth. = be sorry (that) + 句子 “很抱歉做了某事”‎ 如: I am very sorry for what I said. 我为我所说的话感到抱歉.‎ ‎ I’m sorry I lost your book. = I’m sorry to lose your book.很抱歉弄丢你的书。‎ ‎7．tired adj.“（感到）疲惫的” ,主语是人 如: I feel tired today.今天我感到累 tiring adj. “令人疲劳的”, 主语是事物 如:This job is tiring. 这份工作令人疲惫.‎ 类似的有: excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的 ‎ ‎ interested 感到有趣的 interesting 有趣 ‎ 8. 15-year-old “15岁的” 15 years old “15岁” ‎ ‎ 如: He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old.‎ 类似用法: 2.5-mile / 2.5 miles ‎ 9. instead “替代;相反”, 一般单独使用,放在句末,前面用逗号隔开.‎ instead of…“替代……;而不……,相反”‎ 如: I won’t go to Shanghai. I’ll go to Beijing, instead. 我不会去上海而会去北京. = I’ll go to Beijing instead of Shanghai.‎ ‎ I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了许多牛奶而不是水.‎ ‎10. have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. 表示 “从做…….中获得乐趣”‎ 如: I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣。‎ 四、交际用语 ‎ （一）请求和回答 ‎ Requests ‎ Responses Could you please do me a favor?‎ Sure. What is it?‎ Will you join us?‎ I’d be glad to.‎ Would you mind teaching me?‎ Not at all. Let’s go and practice.‎ ‎（二）道歉和回答 ‎ Apologies ‎ Responses I’m sorry I didn’t call you last night.‎ Never mind. I guess you were busy last night.‎ I’m sorry I’m late for class.‎ That’s OK. Please take a seat.‎ I’m sorry I lost your book.‎ It doesn’t matter. That book isn’t important to me.‎ I’m sorry I broke your pen.‎ Don’t worry. I have another pen.‎ Topic 3 The school sports meet is coming.‎ 一、重点词组:‎ ‎1.join the English club 加入英语俱乐部 ‎2.host the 2008 Olympics 举办2008年奥运会 ‎3.quite a lot 相当多 4.make friends with…与……交朋友 ‎5.be afraid 恐怕 6.be free 有空 7.see you then 再见 ‎8.win the first gold medal 赢得第一枚金牌 ‎9.get 28 gold medals 获得28枚金牌 ‎10.the winner of the first gold medal 第一枚金牌的获胜者 ‎11.every four years 每四年;每隔三年 ‎12.the mascot for the Beijing Olympics 北京奥运会的吉祥物 ‎13.behave well 举止得体 14.improve the environment 改善环境 ‎15.plant trees and grass 种植花草树木 16.a symbol of … 一种……的象征 ‎17.stand for 代表 18.the five parts of the world 世界的五大部分 ‎19.do morning exercises做早操20.be fond of (doing) sth.喜欢(做)某事 二、重点句型 ‎1.Could you tell me your name? 你能告诉我你的名字吗?‎ ‎= What’s your name?‎ ‎2.What do you do? = What’s your job? = What are you? 你是干什么的?‎ ‎3.Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics. 北京将主办2008年奥运会 ‎4. More and more foreign friends ride in my taxi (= take my taxi) now. ‎ 现在越来越多的外国朋友搭我的出租车.‎ ‎5.Speaking English will help me a lot. 说英语将对我有很大帮助.‎ ‎6..Please fill it out. 请把它填好.‎ ‎7.What will the weather be like this weekend? = How will the weather be this weekend?‎ ‎ 本周末的天气怎样?‎ ‎8. There will be more roads in Beijing. 在北京将会有更多的马路.‎ ‎9. When shall we meet? 我们什么时候见面？‎ ‎10.Let’s make it half past six.咱们把时间定在六点半吧。‎ 三. 重点语言点 ‎1.be afraid… “恐怕” 指有礼貌地、委婉地拒绝别人.‎ ‎ be afraid of… “害怕(做)……”‎ ‎ 如: I’m afraid I won’t be free. 我恐怕没有空. ‎ ‎ He is afraid of dogs. 他害怕狗.‎ ‎2.may be “可能是……” may是情态动词 + be maybe “或许; 可能” maybe是副词 如: He may be a teacher. = Maybe he is a teacher. 他可能是一名老师.‎ He may know her name. = Maybe he knows her name. 他可能知道她的名字.‎ ‎3.between 在两者之间 among 在三者或三者当中 如: The answer is between A and B. 答案在A和B 之间.‎ ‎ The winner is among of us. 获胜者在我们当中.‎ ‎4. There be 句型的一般将来时 ‎ 正:There will be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.‎ ‎ = There is going to be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.‎ ‎ 误:There will have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.‎ ‎ = There is going to have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.‎ 四、交际用语 提建议的句型:‎ Would you like to go hiking with us? 你想和我们一起去远足吗?‎ What/How about going hiking with us? 和我们一起去远足怎么样?‎ Why don’t you go hiking with us? 你为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?‎ Why not go hiking with us? 为什么不和我们为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?呢?‎ Let’s go hiking. 让我们一起去远足吧!‎ Would you mind going hiking with us? 你介意和我们一起去远足吗?‎ Would you please go hiking with us? 和我们一起去远足好吗?‎ Unit2 Keeping healthy Topic 1 You should brush your teeth twice a day 一、重点短语 ‎1.have a cold/a toothache /a fever/a cough/a backache/a stomachache/a sore throat /the flu /sore eyes ‎ ‎ 感冒/牙疼/发烧/咳嗽/背疼胃疼/咽喉发炎/流感/眼疼 ‎2.take a rest=have a rest 休息 3.don’t read for too long不要看书太久 ‎4.boiled water开水 5.stay in bed卧病在床，躺在床上 ‎6.have a good sleep好好睡一觉 7.feel terrible感觉难受 ‎8.day and night日日夜夜 9.You`d better do sth.=You had better do sth 你最好做 ‎10.not so well很不好 11.not too bad没什么大碍 12.much better好多了 ‎13.go to see a doctor去看病 14.take /have some medicine 吃药 ‎15.take…to… 把…带到… 16.send…to… 把…-送到…‎ ‎17.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 18.feel like doing sth. 想要做….‎ ‎19.lie down 躺下 20.look after=take care of 照看，照顾 ‎21.have an accident 发生一次意外/事故 22.worry about 担心…‎ ‎23.nothing serious 没什么严重，没什么大碍 24.check over 诊断，仔细检查 ‎25.thank you for sth/ doing sth. … 因…而感谢你 ‎26.buy sth.for sb.=buy sb.sth 为某人买… 27.no…until…直到…才…‎ ‎28.both…and…和…都是… 29.take some cold pills 吃感冒药 ‎30.plenty of =lots of = a lot of许多，大量 二、重点句型 ‎1. What’s wrong with you/him/her?你/他/她怎么了？‎ ‎ =What`s the matter with…?‎ ‎ =What`s the trouble with…?‎ ‎2.You should see a dentist.你应该去看牙医。这是一种表达建议的句子。还可以用以下句式： you’d better(not) …how /what about…why not/don`t you v ‎3.I’m sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我很难过。这是表示同情别人的句子。‎ ‎4.You look pale.你看起来很苍白。‎ ‎（1）在英语中表示气色不好，苍白，不用whit，而用pale ‎ ‎（2）“look ”在这里译作“看起来”，作连系动词，后接形容词。如：‎ You look beautiful.你看起来很漂亮。与look用法相同的连系动词还有 taste ，sound ，smell ，feel 。如：‎ The soup tastes very delicious .这汤尝起来真香。‎ Your voice sounds nice.你的声音听起来很动人。‎ The flowers smell sweet .这些花闻起来很香。‎ The silk feels smooth 丝绸摸起来很光滑。‎ ‎5.------Shall I take you to the hospital?我送你去医院吧？‎ ‎ -------No, thank you.不用，谢谢。‎ shall I do…需要我做v吗？‎ take sb sp把某人送到某地 ‎6. I’ll take some medicine and see how it goes. 我打算先吃药看看情况再说。‎ ‎“goes”在这里指事情的进展。“it ”用来代指病情。如：‎ How is everything going? 一切进展如何？‎ Everything is going well.一切进展顺利。‎ ‎7.You’d better drink hot tea with honey. 你最好喝加蜂蜜的热茶。‎ tea with honey 加了蜂蜜的茶，with表示一种伴随状态。类似的表达还有：‎ ‎ some coffee with sugar and milk加了牛奶和糖的咖啡 ‎ some tea without sugar不加糖的茶 ‎8.Michael had an accident yesterday.昨天迈克发生了事故。‎ ‎ have an accident发生了事故 ‎9.But my left leg still hurts when I move it.可是当我挪动脚时，还是有点儿疼。‎ 句中“hurt”译为“疼痛”，作不及物动词。后不可接宾语。如：‎ My head hurts.‎ ‎10.Your X-rays show it`s nothing serious.你的X光照片显示没什么严重的问题。‎ nothing serious 没什么严重的。nothing ，something ，anything等不定代词，被形容词修饰时，形容词位于其后。如：‎ I have something important to say.我有一些重要的事情要说。‎ ‎11.Stay in bed and don`t move your leg too much.躺在床上，不要总是挪动你的腿。‎ ‎12.Michael’s friends bought some chocolate for him .迈克的朋友给他买饿一些巧克力。‎ buy sth for sb.双宾语的运用。使用双宾语时，在人宾前需要使用介词，有时用“to”有时用“for ”，这与动词本身有关，表示动词的方向，多用“to”，表示动词的目的，多用“ for ”‎ give sth to sb. pass sth to sb.‎ bring sth to sb. take sth to sb.‎ cook sth for sb. buy sth for sb .‎ ‎13.------but I couldn`t read them until today.但是直到今天我才读了它们。‎ not…until直到…才…until 在肯定句动词一般用延续性动词，在否定句中动词一般为短暂性动词。如：‎ I didn’t go to bed until my mother came back. 直到妈妈回来我才睡觉。‎ He will wait for his father until ten o`clock.他将等他父亲一直到10点钟。‎ He won`t leave until his father comes.他直到他父亲回来才离开。‎ 三、语法学习 ‎1. had better 的形式和用法 ‎1) 固定短语had better具有情态意义，也可以看作情态动词。译为“最好”，它只有一种形式，没有人称和数的变化，后常跟动词原形，是给人提出建议的一种方式。如： ‎ You had better go to see the doctor你最好去看医生。‎ You’d better eat a lot of fruit and drink plenty of water.你最好多吃水果，多喝水。‎ ‎2) had better的否定结构为 had better not。如：‎ You’d better not eat hot food你最好别吃辛辣的食物。‎ You’d better not work today.你今天最好别工作。‎ ‎2. Shall 用语第一人称 ‎ 1). 请求给予指示。如：How shall I cook it? 我该怎么样做这东西？‎ ‎ 2). 主动提供帮助。如：Shall I carry the box for you?要我给你搬这个箱吗？‎ ‎ 3). 提出建议。如：Shall we meet at the theater? 我们在剧院见面怎样？‎ Topic 2 I must ask him to give up smoking 一、重点短语 ‎1.stay up late 熬夜 2.be bad for 对…有害 3.be good for 对…有益 ‎4.too much 太多，过分 5.do morning exercises 做早操 ‎6.go to school without breakfast 不吃早餐去上学 7.have a bath 洗澡 ‎8.take a fresh breath 呼吸新鲜空气 9.read…about…读关于…‎ ‎10.ask sb ( not) to do 叫某人( 别)做某事 11.give up sth doing sth 放弃 ‎12.throw litter about 乱扔垃圾 13.put…into… 把…放进…‎ ‎14.get into 进入 15.keep the air clean and fresh 保持空气清新 ‎16.wash hands before meals 饭前洗手 17.as we know 众所周知 二、重点句型 ‎1. Staying up late is bad for your health.熬夜有害健康。‎ stay up late熬夜 ‚be bad for对…有害。类似的短语还有： be good for…对…有好处 ƒstaying up late is…动名词作主语。当我们需要一个动词充当主语时，常用此动词的动名词（即doing）形式。如：‎ Playing basketball is good for your heath.打篮球对你的身体有好处。‎ Swimming is my hobby.游泳是我的爱好。‎ ‎2. It will keep you active during the day.它会使你在白天保持活力。‎ keep sth/sb .+adj.保持某物/某人在某种状态。如：‎ keep your fingernails clean.保持你的指甲干净。‎ keep our streets clean.让街道保持干净。‎ 3. ‎ Different foods help us in different ways不同的食物对我们有不同的作用. ‎ ‎ in different ways.译为“用不同的方式”。‎ ‎4. If we eat too little or too much food…如果我们吃太少或太多食物…‎ little 少得几乎没有，表否定，修饰不可数名词。‎ a little有一些，表示肯定，修饰不可数名词。‎ 与 little ，a little类似的用法的还有 few， a few 。‎ few少得几乎没有，表否定，修饰可数名词。 ‎ a few有一些，表示肯定，修饰可数名词。‎ ‎5. Walking is good exercise and it is necessary for good health. 散步是很好的锻炼，它是身体健康必不可少的。‎ be necessary for…对…来说是必不可少的 如：‎ Sunshine is necessary for our life.阳光对于我们的生活来说是必不可少的。‎ Food is necessary for life.食物是生命所必需的。‎ 三、语法学习 情态动词must及其否定形式 must not ‎ must 译为“必须做…” , 其否定意义“不必做…”，用don`t have to 表示，而不用must not 。如：‎ ‎——Must I finish it tonight?‎ ‎——No, you don`t have to./ No, you needn’t.‎ 而must not 译作“禁止做…”。如：‎ You must not throw litter about.‎ Don`t throw litter about.别到处乱扔垃圾。‎ ‚情态动词may may有两种含义，表示请求允许，译作“可以”。如：‎ May I come in ?我可以进来吗？‎ 表示推测，译作“可能”。如：‎ You may get a headache when you work too hard.当你工作太累时你可能回感到头疼。‎ You may get a headache when you can`t get enough sleep. 当你睡眠不足时，你可能会头疼。‎ enough sleep 充足的睡眠。‎ enough 修饰名词时放在前面；当它修饰形容词时，一般放在形容词后面。如：‎ strong enough足够强壮 Topic 3 Must we exercise to prevent the flu?‎ 一．重点短语 ‎1.hurry up 快点，赶快 ‎2.go ahead （尤指经某人允许）开始，干下去，走在前面，领先 ‎3.do more exercise 多锻炼 4.do some cleaning 做扫除 ‎5.all the time 一直 6.have to 不得不，必须 7.keep away 远离…‎ ‎8.just a moment 稍等一会儿 9.get through 拨通（电话）；通过 ‎10.talk with 和----交谈 11.get lost 丢失了，迷路 12.ask for leave 请假 ‎13.healthy food 健康食物 14.crowded places 拥挤的地方 ‎15.do one`s best 尽力 16change clothes often 常换衣服 ‎17.wash hands often 常洗手 18.ring…up 打电话给…‎ ‎19.leave a message 留口信 20.take a message 带口信 ‎21.call sb. Back 给…回电话 22.take an active part in 积极参加 ‎23.what do you think of… ？你认为…怎么样？‎ ‎24.let sb. out 让…出去 25.teach oneself on the Internet 网上自学 ‎26.be afraid of sth / doing sth. 害怕…，恐惧…‎ 二.重点句型 ‎1.Sure,go ahead.当然可以，请问吧！‎ ahead 意思是向前，这里的go ahead原意为向前走，在这里译作继续问问题，相当于go on ‎2.Please tell my father to take care of himself 请告诉我爸爸照顾好自己。‎ take care of 照顾，照料。同义词：look after tell sb to do sth ask sb to do sth ‎ want sb to do sth get sb to do sth 表示让某人去做某时事 ‎3.Can I take a message?我能为您梢个口信吗？‎ take a message 传/捎口信 leave a message 留口信 give a message to …给某人一个口信 ‎4.I`ll tell her when she comes back.她一回来我就告诉她。‎ 本句是由when引导的时间状语从句。当主句的动词用一般将来时时，从句一般用现在时。如：‎ ‎ He’ll phoneme when he arrives in Beijing .当他到北京时，他将回给我打电话。‎ ‎5.he took an active part in the battle against it.他积极投身于抗击“非典”的战斗中。‎ against 与…相对抗 take part in…参加…；加入到某种活动中 take an active part in…积极参加，如：‎ You should take an active part in the sports meet in your school.你应该积极参加你们学校的运动会。‎ ‎6.He cared for the patients.他日夜关心着病人。care for sb… 关心某人 ‎7.It’s my duty to save the patients. 救治病人是我的职责。‎ ‎1) it’s one’s duty to do sth 做….是某人的职责。如：It’s our duty to study hard.‎ ‎2)it`s…to do… 做某事是…在此句式中，“to do … ”是真正的主语，而“it ”是形式主语，类似的句式有：‎ It`s dangerous to climb the tree.怕树很危险。‎ ‎8.Long time no see. 好久没见！这是一句常用口语，在久别重逢的朋友之间，还可以说 “Haven’t seen you for a long time！”。‎ ‎9.I taught myself on the Internet. 我在网上自学。‎ on the Internet ‎ 在网络上。介词on用来表示在网上、电视上、收音机里、电话里。如：on the phone( over the phone)， on the radio ，on TV ‚ teach oneself自学，近义词组为： learn by oneself ‎10.How often does Mr Brown exercise? 布朗先生多长时间锻炼一次？‎ how often对频率提问，回答用 once/twice/three times…a day/a week/… ；‎ exercise在这里为动词，意思是“锻炼，运动”。‎ 三.语法学习 ‎1.反身代词的形式 单数 复数 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself themselves itself ‎2、反身代词的用法 ‎1）“by+反身代词”表示“单独地，独自一人地”。如：‎ The boy couldn`t make the model plane by himself那个男孩不能独自制作飞机模型。‎ ‎2）反身代词常与一些动词连用。如：‎ ‎“teach+反身代词”表示“自学”；“ hurt+反身代词”表示“伤到自己”。如：‎ Jane teaches herself English.简自学英语。‎ Lily fell down and hurt herself yesterday. 昨天莉莉自己摔伤了。‎ 注：反身代词与个别动词搭配使用，意思发生变化。如：‎ ‎“help +反身代词+to…”表示“随便吃…”；‎ ‎“ enjoy+反身代词”表示“…玩得开心”。‎ Help yourself to some strawberries,please.请随便吃些草莓。‎ They enjoyed themselves at the party last night.昨晚在晚会上他们玩得很开心。‎ ‎3）反身代词作名词或代词的同位语时，起加强语气的作用，可译为“亲自，本人”。如： ‎ You ‘d better ask your teacher about it yourself.你最好亲自去问你的老师。‎ ‎ Unit3 Our Hobbies Topic 1 What’s your hobby?‎ 一.重点词汇 ‎1.such as 例如 2.used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 3.take a bath洗澡 ‎ ‎4.be interested in 对……感兴趣 5.go dancing 跳舞 6.go boating 划船 7.play volleyball 打排球 8.collecting stamps 集邮 ‎ ‎9.walking in the countryside 在乡间散步 二.重点句型：‎ ‎1.Wow! So many stamps!(Page 53)哇，那么多的邮票！ 本句意为：There are so many stamps. so many意思是“那么多”，so much意思也是“那么多”。如： 1）There are so many flowers. Or: So many flowers！这里有这么多的花。 2)There is so much water on the table. Or: So much water!桌子上有那么多的水。     ‎ ‎2. We can learn a lot about people, places, history, and special times from stamps. (Page 53)通过这些邮票我们可以学到许多关于人文、地理、历史和特殊时代的知识。 a lot “许多、大量”，用在动词后，同very much。如: 1）She had told me a lot about how to learn English well. 她告诉我许多有关怎样学好英语的方法。 2）Thanks a lot.非常感谢。 另外，a lot of 和lots of 的意思也是“许多、大量”，要用在名词前，在肯定句中常代替much，many。在口语中尤其如此。如： There are a lot of / lots of history books in the room.屋里有许多历史书。 There is still a lot of / lots of snow on top of the house.房上仍有许多雪。 We have had a lot of / lots of fruits. 我们吃过许多水果。 a lot of和lots of之间没有多大区别，都可以与可数名词和不可数名词连用。与不可数名词连用时，动词用单数，与可数名词连用时，动词用复数。见上述例句。‎ ‎3.Would you like to collect any of these things? (Page 53)你想集下面这些东西吗? would you like to +动词原形，表示“想要……”如: 1) Would you like to have a cup of coffee? 你想要一杯咖啡吗？ 2)Would you like to have something to drink？你想要点喝的吗？ any 用在疑问句、条件从句中，可以翻译为“什么”、“一些”。如: 1)Are there any letters for me? 这有我的信吗？ 2)If you have any trouble, please let me know. 如果你有什么困难，请告诉我。‎ ‎4. What things do you love collecting? (Page 53)你喜欢集什么东西？ love + doing表示“喜欢、爱好”，也可以用like+ doing表示。如： 1）I love listening to the music.我爱好听音乐。 2）I love skating.我喜欢溜冰。‎ ‎5.I am interested in playing sports. (Page 54)我对运动感兴趣。 be interested in (doing) sth. “对……感兴趣”如: 1）I am interested in reading books.我对读书特别感兴趣。 2）Jack is interested in football.杰克对足球很感兴趣。‎ ‎6.What do you often do in your spare time? (Page 55) 在你的业余时间里面你都做些什么啊？ in one’s spare time “在业余时间”“在闲暇之际”，也可用in one’s free time替换。如: 1）I shall do it in my spare time. 我会在我的业余时间做这件事。 2）In my free time I often go to the movies.在闲暇之际，我常去看电影。 ‎ ‎7. I often go fishing. (Page 55)我经常去钓鱼。 go + doing表示“去做某事” go +v-ing结构很常用，多用于体育活动和业余娱乐活动。如: 1)Let’s go fishing next Sunday.下星期天我们去钓鱼吧。 2)Are you going hiking this weekend?这个周末你打算去远足吗？    另外还有：go hunting 去打猎  go shooting 去射击  go swimming 去游泳 go bathing 去沐浴  go shopping 去购物  go climbing 去爬山 ‎8.And I do a lot of reading. (Page ‎ 55)我通常都是阅读一些书籍。 在英语中有不少由“do + doing”的结构，表示“干某事”。如： 散步 do some walking    do a lot of walking读书 do some reading do a lot of reading 洗衣服 do some washing do a lot of washing 买东西 do some shopping do a lot of shopping 清扫 do some cleaning do a lot of cleaning ‎9．I’m a movie fan. (page 55)我是一个电影迷。 fan(运动、电影等)狂热爱好者。如: a film / football / star fan 同时，fan作为名词还有“风扇”的意思。如：electric fan 电扇。‎ ‎10．I also rent VCDs and watch them at home. (Page 55) 我也租一些VCD在家看。 watch “观看、注视”。如： 1) I like to watch TV.我喜欢看电视。 2) Are you going to play or watch?你将参加比赛还是只是去看看？‎ ‎ 11.Why not go out and do some outdoor activities? (Page 55) 为什么不走出去做一些户外运动呢？ 这是一个省略句，全句可以说成Why shall we not go out and do some outdoor activities?常在口语中使用，用来征求对方的意见或表达建议。使用这种句子必须要有上下文，如： 1）Why not meet at the school gate?我们在校门口见面好吗？ 2）Why not run a little faster?为什么不跑快一点呢？ some“一些、几个”，用在疑问句中, 表示希望得到肯定回答。如： 1）Would you like to give us some good advice?请给我们一些好的建议好吗？ 2）Would you like some coffee or tea?请问，你是想喝咖啡还是茶？‎ ‎12.Maybe I need a change. (Page 55) 或许我需要改变。 maybe “也许、可能、大概”。如： 1）Maybe he will come, maybe he won’t.也许他来，也许他不来。 2）—Is that true?那是真的吗？ —Maybe, I am not sure.也许，我也不敢肯定。‎ ‎13.My interests are changing all the time. (Page 56)‎ ‎ 我的兴趣爱好总是在不断地改变。 all the time“总是、一直”。如： 1）Why are you playing all the time? 你为什么总是玩啊？ 2）Look at these monkeys, they are jumping all the time. 看看这些猴子，它们一直跳个不停。‎ ‎14. And I wasn’t interested in sports at all. (Page 56)我对运动一点兴趣都没有。 not...at all “一点也不……”；“全然不”。如： 1）I didn’t mind it at all. 我一点也不在意。 2）—Thank you for helping me.谢谢你帮助我。 —Not at all.没关系。 3）He didn’t know that at all. 他对此事一无所知。‎ ‎15. But now, my hobbies are sports, like soccer and swimming. (Page 56) 但是现在我的爱好是体育，比如足球和游泳。 like “像……，好比……”。如： 1)He swims very quickly like a fish.他游泳非常地快，像一条鱼。 2) The cake is round like a moon.这块蛋糕是圆的，就像月亮一样。‎ ‎16. I never miss any important soccer games. (Page 56) 我从未错过任何一场重要的足球比赛。 never “未曾、从未”，表示否定。如： 1)I have never met him before.我以前从未见过他。 2) You have never been to the Great Wall, have you?你从未去过长城，是吗？‎ ‎17. I used to know little about paintings. (Page 56)我过去不太懂绘画。 little和few都含有否定的意思。表示“不多”；“很少”。little相当于not much, few相当于not many。little与不可数名词连用, few与可数名词复数连用。如： 1)I have little time.我的时间很少。 2) I understood little of his speech.他的话我没有明白多少。 3) Few of the students passed the exam.没有几个学生考试及格。 Few people would agree with him.没有多少人同意他。 而a little和a ‎ few含有肯定的意思，表示“一些”；“几个”（虽然少，但有一些）。如： 1)I know a little French.我多少还懂点儿法语。 2) There’s a little water in the glass.杯子里还有点儿水。 3) Can you stay a few days longer?你能多呆几天吗？ 4)I still have a few friends in Beijing.我在北京还有几个朋友。‎ ‎18. I enjoy listening to rock music. (Page 56)我喜欢听摇滚音乐。 like, love, enjoy和prefer，这四个词都有“喜欢”之意，但用法不同。试比较： like意为“喜欢、爱好”，语气较弱，其后可跟名词、代词、不定式、动名词等作宾语。like也常跟复合宾语，宾语补足语常用动词不定式。如： 1）In England， many people like fish and chips. 在英国，许多人喜欢鱼和油炸土豆条。 2）Jack likes playing football.杰克爱踢足球。 3）I don’t like to eat apples now.现在我不想吃苹果。 love意为“爱，热爱，喜欢”，常指对祖国、亲人及朋友的爱，也可用于事物，强调非常喜欢，具有较强的感情色彩。其后可跟名词、动名词、代词或不定式作宾语。如： 1）Father loves his work.爸爸热爱他的工作。 2）I love watching TV.我爱看电视。 3）Children love to play this game.孩子们爱做这种游戏。 4）We all love our great motherland.我们热爱我们伟大的祖国。 enjoy意为“喜欢，欣赏”，含有“乐于、享受……之乐趣”之意，其后可以跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。enjoy oneself表示“玩得愉快”之意。 1）The Greens enjoy living in China.格林一家喜欢在中国居住。 2）Did you enjoy yourself in the zoo?你在动物园玩得愉快吗？ 3）Many foreigners enjoy Chinese food.很多外国人喜欢中国菜。 prefer意为“宁愿、更喜欢”，常用于两者之间的选择，其后可跟名词、代词、动名词或不定式。prefer...to...表示“宁愿……，不愿……”，“喜欢……而不喜欢……”，其中to为介词，后可跟名词或动名词。如： 1）Which do you prefer, tea or ‎ coffee?你比较喜欢喝茶，还是喝咖啡？ 2）I prefer walking to cycling.我喜欢步行胜过骑单车。 3）My brother likes maths, but I prefer English. 我哥哥喜欢数学，而我更喜欢英语。‎ ‎19.Did you use to go swimming during summer vacations? (Page 57) 在暑假里，你过去经常去游泳么？ during “在……的期间、在……的时候”。如： 1）The sun gives us light during the daytime.太阳在白天给我们阳光。 2) He called to see me during my absence.当我不在的时候他来访过我。‎ ‎20．I used to do that in the pond in front of my house. ( Page 57) 我过去常在我家门前的池塘里游泳。 in front of “在……的前面”；指在物体外部的前面。而in the front of “……的前部”；指在物体内部的前面，即前部。注意它们的区别。试比较： 1）There is a tall tree in front of my house.我家房前有一棵大树。 2）Don’t stand in front of me. I can’t see the blackboard. 别站在我前面。我都看不见黑板了。 3）The teacher is giving a lesson in the front of the classroom. 老师在教室的前面讲课。 4) The driver is sitting in the front of the car.司机坐在汽车的前面。‎ ‎21．Nobody. I taught myself. ( Page 57) 没有任何人，我自学的。 teach oneself “自学、自修”。teach动词“教授、教……”有些动词后常跟反身代词，如：enjoy oneself “过得愉快”, help oneself “随便吃（用）……”。如： 1)She teaches history in our school.她在我们学校教历史。 2)She taught his son English when he was 3 years old.她儿子3岁时，她就教他英语。 3）Did you enjoy yourselves in the party?你们在舞会上玩得愉快吗？ 4）Help yourself to some fruit.请随便吃些水果吧。‎ ‎22.When they are free, people usually do what they like. (Page 58) 当人们空闲的时候，他们总是做一些自己喜欢的事情。 free “有空、空闲”， be free可以替换为have time。如： 1）Are you free this evening? = Do you have time this evening? 你今天晚上有空吗？ 2)If I am free, I am going to visit the museum. ‎ ‎= If I have time, I am going to visit the museum.如果有时间，我打算去参观博物馆。‎ ‎23.They also paint pictures or collect things such as coins, dolls or stamps. (Page 58) 他们也绘画或者收集一些东西，例如：硬币、娃娃或邮票。 such as “像……、比如……、诸如……”如： 1）We study several subjects, such as Chinese, maths, English and physics. 我们学习很多的科目，比如语文、数学、英语和物理。 2）I can name some animals in the zoo, such as tiger, wolf, fox and so on. 我可以叫出动物园里一些动物的名字，如老虎，狼，狐狸等。‎ ‎24．When people become old, hobbies can keep them healthy. When people are sick, hobbies can help them get well sooner.(Page 58) 当人们变老的时候，爱好可以帮助他们保持健康。当人们身体虚弱的时候，爱好还可以帮助他们很快地康复。 本句中become, keep, be, 与get都是系动词。系动词的基本用法是其后加形容词做表语。系动词一共可以分为两大类：表示状态的和表示状态变化的。 系动词表示状态的又分为以下三类： 1)be, seem, appear等。 2)由感官动词变化而来的，翻译成中文通常可以翻译成“……起来”，这些系动词有：look, sound, feel, taste, smell等。 3)由不及物动词转化而来的，这些系动词有：stand, keep, prove, remain 系动词表示状态变化的包括：become, go, get, grow, turn, fall等。如： 1）Coffee smells nice.咖啡闻起来好香。 2）After hearing that, his face went red.听完，他的脸红了。 3）The days get longer and longer in spring.春天白天变得越来越长了。‎ ‎24．I call him Pink pig. The color of his skin is light pink. ( Page 59) 我叫他粉色，因为他的皮肤是淡粉色的。 light“淡色的、浅色的”，而dark的意思则是“深色的、暗淡的”。如： 1)Which dress do you like, the light one or the dark one? 你喜欢哪条裙子，浅色的还是深色的？ 2)It is dark now. Let’s go home quickly. 天黑了，咱们快点儿回家吧。‎ ‎25．Pink likes to have a bath.( Page 59) Pink喜欢洗澡。 have a bath 洗澡 短语have a bath与动词bathe意思一样，但前者表示在有限的时间里进行某项活动。如： 游泳 have a swim    谈一谈  have a talk 洗一洗 have a wash骑马  have a ride看一看 have a look休息一下 have a rest 26.How do you take care of them? ( Page 59)你怎样照顾它们？ take care of 照顾，类似的说法还有look after。如： 1)The girl is too young to take care of herself.这姑娘太小了还不能照顾自己。 2) The old man is taken good care of by his children.这位老人被他的孩子们精心地照顾着。 3)My mother is ill. I have to look after her at home.我妈妈病了，我得在家照顾她。 4）You must look after your things. 你必须照看好你自己的东西。‎ 三.语法学习 ‎1.I used to listen to rock music but now I collect telephone cards and paintings. (Page 53) 我过去常听摇滚乐，可现在我集电话卡和画。 used to do sth. 这一结构表示过去的习惯（过去经常反复发生的动作）或状态（暗含的意思是现在已不复存在），只有一种形式，即过去式，用于所有人称。used to的否定形式为：used not to do或didn’t use to do。疑问句为Used you to... ? 或 Did you use to...?如： 1）I used to go to school on foot. 我过去步行上学。（暗含的意思是：我现在不再步行上学了。） 2）Mary used to sleep late. 玛莉过去总是很晚才睡觉。（暗含的意思是：玛莉现在睡觉不再那么晚了。） 3)I used to walk along the road after supper. 我过去常常在晚饭后沿着这条马路散步。 4)He used not to like Peking opera, but now he’s very fond of it. 他过去不喜欢京剧，但现在非常喜欢。 现在大多数人在口语中或不太正式的书面语中对否定句和疑问句常使用与do ‎ 连用的形式。例如： 1)I didn’t use to like skating, but now I like it very much. 我过去不喜欢滑冰，但现在很喜欢。 2)Did you use to go there?你以往常去哪儿？ 3)There used to be a theater here, didn’t there?以前这里有一座剧院，是不是？ 另外，注意be used to doing sth.与used to do sth.的区别： be used to doing sth “习惯于……，适应于……”如: 1）He is used to working hard. 他习惯于努力地工作。 2）He used to bring me roses when he came to see me. 过去他来看我时,常带玫瑰花。 3）I’m used to doing jogging in the morning now. 我习惯于早上慢跑。 be used to do sth.“某物被用来做某事”。如： 1）Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来生产纸张。 2）Computers can be used to do a lot of work now. 如今电脑可用来做许多事。‎ ‎2. Collecting stamps must be great fun! (Page 53)集邮肯定很有趣！ must在这里是情态动词，作用是用来表示推测，可以翻译为“想必”。如: 1)Your brother must be in the school. I saw him just now. 你的哥哥想必在学校。我刚才看见他了。 2)Your friend must have left for Nanjing yesterday. 你的朋友想必昨天已经离开去南京了。 3) She thought that her present must be in the box.她以为礼物一定是在盒子里。 4) You must be thirsty after a long walk.走了很长的路，你一定渴了。 5) It must be ten o’clock now.现在肯定有10点钟了。 情态动词must的三种否定形式 must表示“必须”时，其否定回答为don’t have to，意思为“不需要”。如: 1）Must I pay back the money right now? No, you don’t have to. 我必须现在偿还这笔钱吗？不，你不需要现在还。 2）You must listen to the teacher carefully in ‎ class. 你必须在课堂上认真听讲。 must表示“推测”时，其否定形式为can’t，意思为“不可能”。如: 1）I’ve seen what she is talking about, so she can’t be telling lies. 我目睹了她所说的事情，因此，她不可能在说谎。 2）Yesterday I received a letter from him, so he can’t be here. 昨天我收到了他的信，所以说他不可能在这儿。 而must not的意思为“绝对不可，不许，禁止”。如： 1）You must not smoke in the hospital.你绝对不可以在医院里吸烟。 2）You must not cross the road when the traffic lights are red. 交通灯是红色时，你千万不能过马路。‎ ‎3.He doesn’t mind whether they’re good or not. ( Page 59) 他并不介意它们是否是好的。 此句为以whether引导的宾语从句。whether...or not“不论是否……”。如： 1）You have to get up early everyday whether it rains or not. 你必须天天早点起床，不论是否下雨。 2）Whether we go or not matters little.不论我们是否去，关系不大。 if与whether的区别。 二者在引导宾语从句时一般可换用。如： 1)I want to know if / whether it is going to rain tomorrow. 我想知道明天是否下雨。 2) He asked me if / whether Li Ping was at home.他问我李平是否在家。 3) He didn’t understand if / whether the stranger told a lie. 他不明白那个陌生人是否说的是假话。 但下列几种情况不能换用。 whether 后可紧接or not，而if一般不能。 Let me know whether or not you can come. 你能来还是不能来，请告诉我一声。 whether引导的宾语从句可移到主句前，if则不能。如： Whether this is true or not, I can not say. 这件事是否真实，我说不上。 不定式前用whether，不用if。如： I haven’t decided whether to go to the cinema or to stay at ‎ home. 我还没有决定是看电影还是留在家里。 介词后可用whether，不用if。如： I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.我是否回家还没有定。‎ ‎ Topic2 What sweet music!‎ 一. 重点词汇 ‎1.continue doing sth. 继续做某事 2.be born 出生 3.set up 建立 ‎4.classical music 古典音乐 5.everyday life 日常生活 ‎ ‎6.be famous for 因……而著名 7.look for 寻找 二. 重点句型 ‎ ‎1．And it sounds great! (Page 61) 听起来好极了。 sound 系动词“听起来”，系动词后常与形容词连用。‎ ‎2.What kind of musical instrument can you play? (Page 62)你会弹什么种类的乐器？ kind 是“种类，类型”的意思。如： a kind of 一种，all kinds of各种各样， what kind of 什么类型的。如: 1）Dumpling is a kind of Chinese food.饺子是一种中国食品。 2）There are all kinds of books in Beijing Library.北京图书馆有各种各样的图书。 3）What kind of room would you like, a double room or a single room? 你需要什么类型的房间？双人间还是单人间？‎ ‎3.We have guitar, violin, piano and drum lessons for just ￥240 each. (Page 62) 我们有吉他课、小提琴课、钢琴课、和打鼓课，每个课程仅需要240元。 each副词 “各个”，“每个”。如： 1）These books cost a dollar each.这些书每本一美元。 2)He gave the boys a shilling each.他给孩子们每人一个先令。‎ ‎4．What do you do in your free time? (Page 63) 你在闲暇之际干些什么？ in one’s free time “在闲暇之际”。‎ ‎5．Classical music is serious music. (Page 64) 古典音乐是一种很严肃的音乐。 serious 形容词“严肃的、认真的”；“严重的”。如： 1）He is a serious worker.‎ ‎ 他是一个工作认真的人。 2）“ It’s nothing serious.” says the doctor,“ You’ve got a little cold.” 医生说：“没事，就是有点儿感冒。”‎ ‎6．Pop music often comes and goes easily. (Page 64) 流行音乐来得快去得也快。 come and go easily 可以翻译为“来去匆匆”。如： 1）Money is something that comes and goes easily.钱这东西来得快去得也快。 2）Rain in June comes and goes easily.六月的雨来得快去得也快。‎ ‎7．They are very popular among young people. (Page 64)它们在年轻人当中很流行。 among 介词“在……当中”,“在……中间”，用于三者或三者以上；而between也是介词“在……当中”,“在……中间”之意，则只能用于两者之间。如： 1）Among the family, Lin Tao is the youngest.在全家人中，林涛是最小的。 2）Tom runs fastest among the boys in his class. 汤姆是他们班男孩子中跑得最快的。 3）Mary is sitting between the twins.玛丽坐在双胞胎的中间。 4）The football game is between Chinese team and Japanese team. 足球赛在中国队和日本队之间进行。‎ ‎8. Guo Lanying, Song Zuying and Tenger are famous for their folk songs. (Page 64) 郭兰英，宋祖英和腾格尔以（唱）民歌而出名。 be famous for“以……而著名”, “因……而出名”。如： 1) Gui Lin is famous for the stone forests.桂林以石林而著名。 2)China is famous for its long history.中国以悠久的历史而闻名。 3）Beijing Library is famous for having a large number of books. 北京图书馆以藏书众多而闻名。‎ ‎9．It is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. (Page 65) 它是世界上最著名的摇滚乐队之一。 one of “……之一”。常用在“one of + 最高级 +名词复数”结构中。如： 1)Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 2) English is one of the most difficult subjects this ‎ term. 英语是这学期最难学的课程之一。 3）Liu Xiang is one of the fastest runners in the world. 刘翔是世界上跑得最快的人之一。‎ ‎10．In the fall of 1976, a- 14-year-old high school student, Larry Mullen, looked for some musicians. 在1976年的秋天，一个14岁的中学生，Larry Mullen寻找一些音乐家。 1)fall是美国英语，相当于英国英语的中的autumn。 2)14-year-old 数词和名词之间有连字符的，名词不用复数。如： a three-leg chair 一把三条腿的椅子 the tenth five-year plan 第十个五年计划 3)look for “寻找”，强调“寻找”的过程，而find“找到”，则是强调“找到”的结果。如： 1)—What are you doing? 你在干什么？ — I’m looking for my bike key.我在找我的自行车钥匙。 2)—What are you looking for?你在找什么？ —I’m looking for my cat.我在找我的猫。 —Can you find it?你找到了没有？ —No. I looked for it everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere. 没有。我到处找，可哪儿也找不到。‎ ‎11．He wanted to form a band. (Page 65)他想组建一个乐队。 want to “想做某事”，want to + 动词原形。如： 1) I want to be a doctor when I grow up.我长大了想当一名医生。 2) People want to live on the moon some day.人们想有一天能住在月球上。 3) What do you want to do this Sunday?这个星期天你想干什么？ 常用want sb. to do sth.表示“想让某人做某事”。如： 1)He wants me to help him with his lessons.他想让我帮他学习功课。 2) His parents wanted him to clean the room after school. 他父母想让他放学后打扫房间。 3) The teacher wanted her to speak louder when she answered the question. 老师想让她在回答问题的时候声音再大一点。‎ ‎12．He found 3 boys and they set up a band. (Page 65) 他找到了3个男孩，他们就组成了一个乐队。 found是动词find的过去式。意思是“找到”；find强调“找到”的结果。‎ set up 组建，创办。如：set up housekeeping组织家庭 ‎13.The four members are still close friends after many years. (Page 65) 多年后，4位成员仍然是好朋友。 close “亲密的”。如：a close friend一个亲密的朋友 ‎14.They continue making music. (Page 65)他们继续创作音乐。 continue + to do sth./ doing sth./ n.“继续做某事”。如： continue to read/writing/ a story 继续阅读/写作/一个故事 15．And people all over the world still enjoy their music very much. (Page 65) 全世界的人们仍然非常喜欢他们的音乐。all over the world 全世界 ‎16．When he was eight, his father asked a music teacher to teach him to play the piano. (Page 67)当他八岁的时候，他的父亲请了一位老师来教授他如何弹奏钢琴。 在这个句子中ask的意思是“请求，要求”，常用的ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”。如： 1）I often ask my uncle to help me with my maths.我常请我叔叔帮我学数学。 2）My grandfather always asks me to get up at six in the morning. 我爷爷总让我早晨六点起床。 还有一些其他类似的用法。如： tell sb. to do sth.     告诉某人做某事 want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事 play the piano “弹奏钢琴”。在英语中，在表示弹奏、演奏乐器时，所有的乐器前面都要加定冠词the，如： play the guitar弹吉他 play the piano弹钢琴 play the violin拉小提琴 play the drums 敲鼓 而与之相反，在英语中表达玩球类项目时，我们通常在球类项目的名词前不加定冠词。如： play football踢足球 play basketball打篮球 play bridge ‎ cards打桥牌 play chess下棋 ‎17．He says violin music is his favorite and it makes him happy. (Page 67) 他说小提琴是他的最爱，使他很快乐。 make +n.+adj.结构。如： The news made us very exciting. 这个消息使我们很激动。‎ 三.语法学习 ‎1.What a pity! (Page 61)真遗憾！ 这是一个由what引导的感叹句。what引导感叹句的基本构成为： what + a / an +（形容词）+可数名词单数！ what +（形容词）+可数名词复数/不可数名词！如： 1）What a stupid question!多么愚蠢的问题啊！ 2）What lively boys they are! 多么活泼的男孩子们啊 ‎2.What are you going to do this Sunday evening?(Page61) 这一周日晚上你想干什么1)“be going to” 是一般将来时的一种表达方法.它表示: ‎ 现在打算在最近或将来要做某事. 如: Tom is going to Beijing with his father next week.‎ ‚说话人根据已有的迹象认为可能要发生某事. 如: There are a lot of dark clouds. It’s going to rain.‎ ‎2) “be going to”句式的基本结构:‎ 肯定句:主语+be going to … eg. He is going to stay at school.‎ 否定句:主语+be + not +going to… eg. I’m not going to the library this afternoon.‎ 一般疑问句: Be +主语+going to… eg. Are you going to play tennis next week?‎ ‎3)be going to 用于there be 结构时要用There be going to be + 主语+其它形式.‎ ‎ 如: There is going to be a football game tomorrow.‎ ‎4)与be going to 连用的时间状语有: next week/month/year, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, this evening, in the future等.‎ ‎ Topic3 The movie is so wonderful!‎ 一. 重点词汇 1. agree with sb.与某人看法一致 2.take a shower洗澡 ‎ ‎3.answer the phone 接电话 4.do some cleaning 打扫卫生 ‎5.knock at 敲 6.too…to太…..以至于不能 ‎ ‎7 talk about谈论关于 ‎ 二.重点句型 ‎1．I called you but nobody answered the phone. (Page 69) 我给你打电话了，但是没有人接。 answer the phone 固定词组，可翻译为“接电话” answer的意思是“回答，答复”。如： 1) What shall I answer?我将怎样回答呢？ 2) Have you answered his letter? 你回了他的信吗？ 3) Answer the door, please, Jack. Someone is knocking at the door. 开门去，杰克,有人在敲门。 ‎ ‎2．Oh, I was taking a shower. (Page 69) 我在淋浴。 take a shower淋浴，也可以用动词have代替take。如： 洗澡 take a bath have a bath 休息一下take a resthave a rest 看一看take a lookhave a look 散散步take a walkhave a walk 3．Yeah, I think so. (Page 71)是，我也这样认为。 在think后面可以用so来代替前面的内容，以避免重复。例如： — Is he at home? 他在家吗？— Yes, I think so. 是的，我想他在家。 I think so.的否定形式一般为I don’t think so.例如： —Do you think classical music is very popular in China? 你认为古典音乐在中国很流行吗？ —No, I don’t think so. 不，我认为不很流行。‎ ‎4．And I also like the young man with light hair. (Page 71)‎ ‎ 我也喜欢那个留着浅色头发的年轻人。 with在这里是“有”的意思。如： a coat with two pockets有两个口袋的衣服 a girl with blue eyes碧眼女郎 a woman with an angry look in her eyes眼里有怒色的女子 ‎5．He is so handsome! (Page 71)他非常帅！ so在口语中，与加重语气的感叹句连用，作very解。如： 1) I’m so glad to see you!我很高兴见到你！2) It was so kind of you !你真好！ 3) There was so much to do!这么多事要做！‎ ‎6．I agree with you. (Page 71)我同意你的意见。 agree with sb.同意某人的看法。如： I don’t agree with her. 我不同意她的意见。‎ ‎7. You look very sad. (Page72) 你看起来很伤心。 look系动词，可以翻译为“看起来”。look做系动词，后面可以接形容词、动词的过去分词、名词、介词短语以及as if从句做表语。如： 1）Tom looks very strong. 汤姆看起来非常的强壮。（形容词做表语） 2）Amy looks a fool. 埃米看起来像一个傻瓜。（名词做表语） 3）You look like your mother. 你看起来很像你的母亲。（介词短语做表语） 4）It looks as if we’re going to win this game. 看起来似乎我们要赢得这场比赛。（从句做表语）‎ ‎8.There’s nothing serious. (Page 72)没什么严重的事。（没事。） nothing serious “没事”。注意此结构的用法。用来修饰代词something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody等的形容词，要放在被修饰词的后面。如句中serious要放在nothing的后面。如： 1) Would you like anything else?你还要点儿什么吗？ 2) I’ll tell you something important.我要告诉你一件重要的事。 3) There is nothing wrong with the computer.这台电脑没毛病。 ‎ ‎8．Well, Miss Wang was angry with me. (Page 72)王老师生我的气了。 注意be angry 后所跟的介词： be angry with + sb. 生某人的气 be angry at + sb. 对某人的言行气愤 be angry about + sth. 对某事生气 如： 1) He was angry with himself for having made such foolish ‎ mistakes. 他因犯如此愚蠢的错误而气恼自己。 2) He was angry at being kept waiting.他因旁人使他久等而生气。 3) He was angry about so much traffic in the street. 他对街上那么多的车辆而气恼。‎ ‎9.In the early 1800s, Sunday was the “holy day”. (Page 73) 在19世纪早期，星期日的含义就是“神圣的一天”。 1800s表示19世纪，同样的，1900s则表示20世纪。‎ ‎10.In the US, workers called them“blue Mondays”.(Page 73) 在美国，工人们把它们叫做“蓝色星期一”。 蓝色（blue）在汉语中的引申意义较少，而在英语中blue是一个含义十分丰富的颜色词。在翻译同这一颜色有关的表达时，我们应该注意其中的特别含义。 英语的blue常用来喻指人的“情绪低落”、“心情沮丧”、“忧愁若闷”，如： 1）They felt rather blue after the failure in the football game. 球赛踢输了，他们感到有些沮丧。 2）—She looks blue today. What’s the matter with her? —She’s in holiday blue. —她今天显得闷闷不乐，出了什么事？ —她得了假期忧郁症。‎ ‎11. Then decide how you are going to spend your weekend. (Page 74) 然后决定你的周末怎么过。 spend度过；花费（时间、金钱）。结构有：spend...on sth., spend...(in)doing sth. 如： 1）He spent 5 yuan on the post card. 他买这张明信片花了5元钱。 2)They spent three days looking for the lost sheep on the hill. 他们用了三天的时间在山上找丢失的羊。‎ ‎12. Did you have a good time? (Page 76) 你们玩得高兴吗？ have a good time = enjoy oneself过得愉快；玩得高兴。类似的说法还有have a great time, have a nice time, have a wonderful time。‎ 三.语法学习 ‎ I was doing some washing. I was doing some cleaning. (Page ‎ 69) 我在洗衣服。 我在打扫卫生。这句用的是过去进行时.‎ ‎1. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作,也表示过去一段时间内的活动或那个阶段正在进行的动作.如:‎ ‎ He were watching TV at 8:00 last night.‎ ‎ They were writing a book last month.‎ 1. 过去进行时由be (was/were)+动词ing 形式构成的,‎ 肯定句:主语+was/were +doing +…‎ 否定句: 主语+wasn’t/weren’t +doing +…‎ 一般疑问句: Was/Were+主语+doing+…‎ 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were.‎ 否定回答:No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.‎ 如: They were studying English at this tine yesterday.‎ ‎ They weren’t studying English at this time yesterday. ‎ ‎ Were they studying English at this time yesterday?‎ ‎ Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.‎ Unit 4 Our World Topic1 What’s the strongest animals on the farm?‎ 一.重点词语 ‎1.share…with 与……共享 2.play with 玩弄，玩耍 ‎3.in danger 在危险之中 4.feed on 以……为食 ‎5.think about 考虑，思考 6.enjoy nature 享受自然 ‎7.in the daytime 白天 8.summer vacation 暑假 ‎9.thousands of 成千上万 10.in fact 事实上 ‎11.find out 查明，发现 12.in nature 在自然界 二.重点句型 ‎1.Plants are more beautiful than animals.　植物比动物更漂亮。‎ ‎2.The plants stay green longer there.　那儿的植物能更长时间保持绿色。‎ ‎3.The rain forests are very important to us.　（热带）雨林对我们很重要。‎ ‎4.Water is necessary for all plants.It is the most important thing to all living things,we must save every drop of water.　水对所有植物是必需的。它对所有生物都重要，我们必须节约每一滴水。‎ ‎5.Isn’t it interesting？　是不是很有趣呀？‎ ‎6.It is one of the most dangerous fish in the world.　它是世界上最危险的鱼之一。‎ ‎7.It is so strange！　太奇怪了！‎ 三.语法学习 ‎（一.）形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 １. 规则变化：‎ ‎（1.）一般在词尾加—er或—est.如：fresh—fresher—freshest.‎ ‎（2.）以字母e结尾的形容词，加r或st,如：late—later—latest.‎ ‎（3.）以重读闭音节结尾的词，词尾只有一个辅音字母时，应双写这一辅音字母，再加er或est.如：big—bigger—biggest.‎ ‎（4.）以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节词，先改y为i，再加er 或est.如：happy—happier—happiest.‎ ‎（5.）部分双音节词和多音节词前面加more或most构成比较级或最高级。如：careful—more careful—most careful, beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful.‎ ‎２.不规则变化：‎ good/well—better—best,little—less—least,many/much—more—most,bad/ill—worse—worst,far—farther/further—farthest/furthest.‎ ‎（二.）形容词的比较级和最高级的用法 ‎1.比较级Ａ＜Ｂ或Ａ＞Ｂ，经常与than搭配，或给出比较的二个内容。可用much和a little修饰．‎ ‎2.三者或三者以上比较用最高级，一般给出比较范围．如：of（in）＋…。‎ ‎(1)例句：①I’m happier than you.　我比你更快乐。‎ ‎②Plants are much more beautiful than animals.　植物比动物漂亮的多。　　‎ ‎(２)例句：①The boy is the tallest in my class.　这个男孩是我们班最高的。‎ ‎②Lesson Two is the most important of all.　第二课是所有中最重要的。　‎ 四.交际用语：‎ 学习如何用英语描述和谈论我们生存的自然环境 Do you like plants or animals?‎ What are you thinking about? ‎ Why do you think so?‎ What kind of wild animal is the most dangerous, the tiger, the snake or the bear?‎ Why must we save every drop of water?　　　　‎ Topic 2 How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake?‎ 一.重点词语 ‎1.take the place of 代替，取代 2.instead of 代替，而不是……‎ ‎3.mistake…for…把……错当 4.seem to do 好象，似乎 ‎5.call for 要求 6.wake sb. up 将某人叫醒 ‎7.see sb.doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 ‎8.use sth. for sth./doing sth. 利用某物做某事 ‎9.spend…on… 在……上花费时间或金钱 ‎10.be sure of 确信 11.these days 现在，目前 ‎12.in alphabetical order 按字母表顺序排列 ‎13.look up 查阅 14.pay attention to 注意，专心 ‎15.begin with 以……开始 16.and son on 等等 ‎17.switch on 开（电灯，机器等）18.ask （sb.）for sth. 向……要……‎ 二．重点句型 ‎1.I’m sure robots can do some work better than humans. 我确信机器人比人能更好地做某些工作。‎ ‎2.I saw a UFO while I was walking down the street yesterday. 昨天我沿着街道走时，看见了一个不明飞行物。‎ ‎3.It looked like a plate. 它看上去像一个盘子。‎ ‎4.Until now, even the scientists are not sure whether there are UFO.‎ ‎ 直到现在，甚至学家也不确信是否有不明飞行物。‎ ‎5.We can shop without going out of our houses. 我们不出家门就能购物。‎ ‎6.We can use the Internet for finding a job. 我们可以用网络来找工作。‎ ‎7.We shouldn’t spend too much time on it.但是我们不应该在因特网上面花费太多的时间。‎ ‎8.When you look up a word in the dictionary, pay attention to the first letter of the word. 当你在字典里查一个单词的时候，注意这个单词的第一个字母。‎ 三.语法学习 ‎（一.）现在进行时与过去进行时的区别：‎ ‎１.现在进行时表示现在正在发生或正在做的事情，基本结构be＋现在分词。如：‎ 肯定句：The robots are making a car now. 这些机器人正在生产小汽车。‎ 否定句：We are not studying on the Internet. 我们没有在互联网上学习。‎ 疑问句：Is the teacher looking up the word in the dictionary？这个老师正在词典中查这个词吗？‎ 特殊疑问句：Ｗho am I talking to？我在和谁谈话？　‎ ‎２.过去进行时表示过去某一时间，正在发生或正在做的事情。基本结构was（were）＋现在分词。‎ 肯定句：Ｗhen he came in, I was writing a letter.当他进来时，我在写一封信。‎ 否定句：They weren’t watching TV while she was reading.　她读书时，他们没在看电视。‎ 疑问句：Was the UFO flying to us at 8 last night ?昨晚８点UFO向我们飞来了吗？‎ 特殊疑问句：What were you drinking while we were sleeping?我们睡觉时，你们在喝什么？‎ 进行时态往往用在时间状语从句中，常与when, while等连词搭配。‎ ‎（二.）be sure结构表示肯定和不肯定。be sure一般用来表示肯定，be not sure（whether/if）表示不肯定。‎ be sure后面可以跟不定式和宾语从句。跟不定式一般译为“一定……”，跟宾语从句，译为“确信……”。‎ 如：‎ We are sure to repair the TV well. 我们一定修好这台电视机。‎ I’m sure you can finish your work. 我确信你能完成你的工作。‎ Are you sure whether（if）he switched the computer on? 你确信他打开还是没有打开电脑？‎ 四.交际用语：学习用英语谈论现代科技。‎ ‎ Could you tell me something about robots?‎ ‎ Can robots take the place of humans?‎ ‎ Are you sure there are UFOs?‎ ‎ Yes,I’m sure.‎ ‎ No,I’m sure whether/if there are UFOs.‎ ‎ What do you often do on the Internet?‎ Topic 3 The Internet world smaller.‎ 一.重点词语 ‎1. more than 超过 2.pull down 推倒，拆毁 ‎3.heavy traffic 交通繁忙 4.wear out 磨损，用坏 ‎ ‎5.used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 6.do one’s best 尽（某人）最大努力 ‎7.live models 真人模型 8.the ancient world 古代 ‎9.be made up of 由……组成 10.join…together 把……连在一起 ‎11.regard…as… 把……看作 12.be worn out 被损坏 二．重点句型 ‎1.Lots of them were pulled down in the 1960s. 他们当中许多在二十世纪六十年代被拆毁。‎ ‎2.People thought them useless. 人们认为它们没有用。‎ ‎3.It’s really too bad. 这太遗憾了。‎ ‎4.We are doing our best to protect and rebuild the old city walls. 我们正在尽全力保护并重建老城墙。‎ ‎5.It is one of the“seven wonders”of the ancient world still standing. 它是现存的古代“七大奇迹”之一。‎ ‎6.It took 100,000 people over 20 years to build it. 修建它花了10万人二十多年的时间。‎ ‎7.Since then,people regarded the Great Wall as a symbol of the Chinese nation. 从那以后，人们就把长城看作是中华民族的象征。‎ ‎8.Every year many people find great pleasure visiting the wall.每年有许多人参观长城，从中得到极大乐趣。‎ 三．语法学习 反意疑问句：由陈述句（或祈使句、感叹句）加一个简短问句构成的疑问句叫反意疑问 句。实质是前面陈述句的反问句。‎ ‎ 一般对应规律：前肯后否；前否后肯。即陈述部分为肯定形式，附加问句用否定形式；陈述部分为否定形式，附加问句用肯定形式。如：‎ ‎ There are many pyramids in Egypt, aren’t there?在埃及有许多金字塔，不是吗？‎ ‎ Sally visited the Great Wall last month, didn’t she?萨莉上个月参观了长城，不是吗？‎ ‎ He doesn’t realize the importance of saving water, does he?他没有意识到节约用水的重要性，是吗？ ‎ ‎ 特例点拨：①I’m your good friend, aren’t I?我是你的好朋友，不是吗？I don’t think you can rebuild the house, can you?我认为你不能重修这座房子，是吗？（I don’t think…主要在说think后的内容，故按从句变化）。‎ ‎②陈述部分有nobody, nothing, never, no, few（没几个），little（几乎没有），hardly（几乎不）等否定或半否定词时，仍视为否定句。根据反意疑问句对应规律，疑问部分用肯定形式。如：There is nothing in the room, is there?屋子里什么也没有，是吗？‎ ‎ Maria never surports me, does she? 玛丽亚从未支持过我，是吗？‎ ‎ He had few apples, did he? 他几乎没有苹果，是吗？‎ ‎③祈使句的反意疑问句：无论肯定或否定，通常在祈使句后加上will you?如：‎ ‎ Please close the door, will you?请关门好吗？‎ ‎ Don’t tear down the old walls, will you?不要拆毁古墙，好吗？‎ ‎ 但以Let’s开头的祈使句用shall we?如：‎ ‎ let’s make a survey, shall we?我们做个调查，好吗？‎ 四．交际用语：‎ 学习用英语描述和谈论中外名胜古迹。‎ How many great wonders of the world do you know?‎ I know some wonders. Do you know these places of interest?‎ What is it? Where is it?‎ Why is it famous? Do you know any more information about it? ‎