人教版初中八年级上册英语语法汇总 16页

人教版初中八年级上册英语语法汇总 ‎1) leave的用法 ‎1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如 When did you leave Shanghai?‎ 你什么时候离开上海的 ‎ ‎2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如 ‎ Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.‎ ‎ 下周五爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如 ‎ Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?‎ ‎ 你为什么要离开上海去北京 ‎2) 情态 动词should“应该”学会使用 ‎ should作为情态动词用常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等有“竟会”的意思例如 How should I know? 我怎么知道 ‎ Why should you be so late today?‎ ‎ 你今天为什么来得这么晚 ‎ should有时表示应当做或发生的事例如 ‎ We should help each other. 我们应当互相帮助。‎ ‎ 我们在使用时要注意以下几点 ‎ 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如 ‎ You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。‎ ‎2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如 ‎ You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服你最好去看医生。‎ ‎3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如 ‎ We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。‎ ‎ She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。‎ ‎3) What...? 与 Which...?‎ ‎1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词都可以指人或事物但是what仅用来询问职业。如 What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的 ‎ 该句相当于 What does your father do? ‎ ‎ What is your father's job?‎ ‎ Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如 ‎---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特 ‎---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。‎ ‎2. What...?是泛指所指的事物没有范围的限制而 Which...?是特指所指的事物有范围的限制。如 What color do you like best? 所有颜色 你最喜爱什么颜色 Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 有特定的范围 16‎ 你最喜爱哪一种颜色 ‎3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如 Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国 ‎4) 频度副词的位置 ‎ 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些 ‎ always总是一直 ‎ usually通常 ‎ often常常经常 sometimes有时候 never从不 ‎2.频度副词的位置 ‎ a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如 ‎ David is often arrives late for school. ‎ 大卫上学经常迟到。‎ ‎ b.放在行为动词前。如  We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.‎ ‎ 我们每天经常在710去上学。‎ ‎ c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾用来表示强调。如 ‎ Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.‎ ‎ 有时我步行回家有时我骑自行车。‎ ‎3.never放在句首时主语、谓语动词要倒装。如 Never have I been there. ‎ ‎5) every day 与 everyday 1. every day 作状语译为“每一天”。如 ‎ We go to school at 7:10 every day.‎ ‎ 我们每天710去上学。‎ ‎ I decide to read English every day.‎ ‎ 我决定每天读英语。‎ ‎ 2. everyday 作定语译为“日常的”。‎ ‎ She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.‎ ‎ 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。‎ ‎ What's your everyday activity? ‎ ‎ 你的日常活动是什么 ‎6) 什么是助动词 ‎1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词Auxiliary Verb。被协助的动词称作主要动词Main Verb。‎ 助动词自身没有词义不可单独使用例如 He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。‎ doesn't是助动词无词义like是主要动词有词义 ‎2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用可以用来 a. 表示时态例如 He is singing. 他在唱歌。‎ 16‎ He has got married. 他已结婚。‎ b. 表示语态例如 He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。‎ c. 构成疑问句例如 Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗 Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗 d. 与否定副词not合用构成否定句例如 I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。‎ e. 加强语气例如 Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。‎ He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。‎ ‎3.最常用的助动词有be, have, do, shall, will, should, would ‎7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do ‎1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)‎ ‎ forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)‎ ‎ The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.‎ ‎ 办公室的灯还在亮着它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)‎ ‎ He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)‎ ‎ Don't forget to come tomorrow.‎ ‎ 别忘了明天来。‎ ‎ (to come动作未做)‎ ‎ 典型例题 ‎---- The light in the office is still on.‎ ‎---- OhI forgot___.‎ A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 答案C。‎ 由the light is still on 可知灯亮着即关灯的动作没有发生因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。 2.remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)‎ remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)‎ Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。‎ Don't you remember seeing the man before?‎ 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? ‎ ‎8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.‎ ‎1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点表示客观形式的形容词如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等 It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。‎ ‎2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格品德表示主观感情或态度的形容词如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。‎ It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我你真是太好了。‎ ‎3.for 与of 的辨别方法 用介词后面的代词作主语用介词前边的形容词作表语造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of不通则用for。如 16‎ You are nice. (通顺所以应用of)。‎ He is hard. (人是困难的不通因此应用for。)‎ ‎9) 对两个句子的提问 新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如 句子The boy in blue has three pens.‎ 提问1.Who has three pens? ‎ ‎ 2.Which boy has three pens? ‎ ‎ 3.What does the boy in blue have?‎ ‎4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?‎ 很显然学生多了更多的回答角度也体现了考试的灵活性。再如 句子He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.‎ 提问1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?‎ ‎ 2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? ‎ ‎ 3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?‎ ‎ 4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?‎ ‎ 5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?‎ ‎ 6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?‎ ‎10) so、such与不定冠词的使用 ‎1.so与不定冠词a、an连用结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如 ‎ He is so funny a boy.‎ ‎ Jim has so big a house. ‎ ‎2.such与不定冠词a、an连用结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如 ‎ It is such a nice day. ‎ ‎ That was such an interesting story.‎ ‎11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况 ‎1.在进行时态中。如 ‎ ‎ He is watching TV in the room. ‎ They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.‎ ‎2.在there be结构中。如 ‎ There is a boy swimming in the river.‎ ‎3.在have fun/problems结构中。如 ‎ We have fun learning English this term. ‎ ‎ They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.‎ ‎4.在介词后面。如 ‎ Thanks for helping me.‎ ‎ Are you good at playing basketball. ‎ ‎5.在以下结构中 ‎ ‎ enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事 ‎ finish doing sth 完成做某事 ‎ feel like doing sth 想要做某事 16‎ ‎ stop doing sth 停止做某事 ‎ ‎ forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 ‎ go on doing sth 继续做某事 ‎ remember doing sth 记得做过某事 ‎ like doing sth 喜欢做某事 ‎ keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事 ‎ find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事 ‎ see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事 ‎ try doing sth 试图做某事 ‎ need doing sth 需要做某事 ‎ prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事 ‎ mind doing sth 介意做某事 ‎ practice doing sth 练习做某事 ‎ be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 ‎ can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事 ‎ miss doing sth 错过做某事 ‎12) 英语中的“单数”‎ ‎1.主语的第三人称单数形式即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如 ‎ he, she, it my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle ‎ ‎2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如 ‎ man 单数---men复数 ‎ banana单数---bananas复数 ‎3.动词有原形第三人称单数形式-ing分词过去式过去分词。如 ‎ go---goes---going---went---gone ‎ ‎ work---works---working---worked---worked ‎ ‎ watch---watches---watching---watched---watched ‎ 当主语为第三人称单数的时候谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如 ‎ The boy wants to be a sales assistant.‎ ‎ Our English teacher is from the US.‎ ‎ Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself. ‎ ‎13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式 名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。‎ I 名词复数的规则变化 ‎ ‎1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如 pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers desk---desks tree---trees 2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词词尾加-es。如 ‎ class---classes dish---dishes watch---watches box---boxes ‎ ‎3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词词尾加-es。如 ‎ potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes Negro---Negroes hero---heroes ‎ ‎4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词将-y变为-i,再加-es。如 ‎ family---families dictionary---dictionaries city---cities country---countries ‎ ‎5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词将-f或-fe变为-v再加-es。如 16‎ half---halves leaf---leaves thief---thieves knife---knives self---selves wife---wives life---lives wolf---wolves shelf---shelves loaf---loaves 但是 scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs serf---serfs gulf---gulfs chief---chiefs proof---proofs belief---beliefs ‎ II 名词复数的不规则变化 ‎ ‎1.将-oo改为--ee。如foot---feet tooth---teeth ‎ ‎2.将-man改为-men。如man---men woman---women policeman---policemen postman---postmen ‎3.添加词尾。如child---children ‎ ‎4.单复数同形。如sheep---sheep deer---deer fish---fish people---people ‎5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变其它国把-s加后面”。如 Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Swiss---Swiss Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen American---Americans Australian---Australians ‎ Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans Russian---Russians Indian---Indians ‎6.其它。如 mouse---mice apple tree---apple trees man teacher---men teachers ‎ ‎14) 双写最后一个字母的-ing分词 初中阶段常见的有以下这些 ‎ 1.let→letting 让 ‎ hit→hitting 打、撞 ‎ cut→cutting 切、割 ‎ get→getting 取、得到 ‎ sit→sitting 坐 ‎ ‎ forget→forgetting 忘记 ‎ ‎ put→putting 放 ‎ ‎ set→setting 设置 ‎ babysit→babysitting 临时受雇照顾婴儿 ‎2.shop→shopping 购物 ‎ trip→tripping 绊 ‎ stop→stopping 停止 ‎ drop→dropping 放弃 ‎ 3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅游 ‎ ‎ swim→swimming 游泳 ‎ run→running 跑步 ‎ dig→digging 挖、掘 ‎ begin→beginning 开始 ‎ prefer→preferring 宁愿 ‎ ‎ plan→planning 计划 ‎15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词 ‎1.some变为any。如 ‎ There are some birds in the tree. →There aren't any birds in the tree.‎ 16‎ ‎ 但是若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中some可以不变。如 ‎ Would you like some orange juice?‎ ‎ 与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。‎ ‎2.and变为or。如  I have a knife and a ruler. ‎ ‎ →I don't have a knife or a ruler.‎ ‎3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如 ‎ They have a lot of friends.可数名词 ‎ →They don't have many friends. ‎ ‎ There is lots of orange in the bottle.不可数名词 ‎ →There isn't much orange in the bottle.‎ ‎ 4.already变为yet。如 ‎ I have been there already.‎ ‎ →I haven't been there yet.‎ ‎16) in与after in 与 after 都可以表示时间但二者有所区别。‎ ‎1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中以现在为起点表示将来一段时间。如 ‎ He will leave for Beijing in a week.‎ ‎ 一周后他会动身去北京。‎ ‎2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中以过去为起点表示过去一段时间。如 ‎ He left for Beijing after a week. ‎ 一周后他动身去了北京。‎ 不过如果after后跟的是具体的时刻它也可用于将来时。如 ‎ We will finish the work after ten o'clock.‎ ‎ 十点后我们会完成工作的。 ‎ ‎ 3.注意区分以下的in的用法。 ‎ ‎ I'll visit him in a week. ‎ ‎ 一周后我会去拜访他。‎ ‎ I'll visit him twice in a week. ‎ ‎ 一周内我会去拜访他两次。‎ ‎17) 不定冠词a与an的使用 ‎1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如 ‎ There is a "b" in the word "book".‎ ‎ 单词book中有个字母b。‎ ‎ 类似的字母还有c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。‎ ‎ She has a small knife. 她有一把小刀。‎ ‎2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如 ‎ There is an "i" in the word "onion". 单词onion中有个字母i。‎ ‎ 类似的字母还有a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。‎ ‎ Do you have an umbrella? 你有一把雨伞吗 ‎3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a。如a useful book a universe a one-letter word an hour an uncle an ‎ 16‎ umbrella an honest person ‎ ‎18) 如何表达英语中的“穿、戴” 英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种常见的有以下这些 ‎1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如 ‎ He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。‎ ‎ You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。‎ ‎2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如 ‎ The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。‎ ‎ The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。‎ ‎3、dress 可作及物动词有“给......穿衣”的意思后接“人”而不是“衣服”。如 ‎ Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。‎ ‎ dress 也可作不及物动词表示衣着的习惯。如 ‎ The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。‎ ‎4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如 ‎ John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。‎ ‎ The man in black is a football coach.‎ ‎19) a little, a few 与 a bit (of)‎ a little, a few 与 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别在哪里呢 ‎1. a little 意为“一些、少量”后接不可数名词。如 ‎ There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。 ‎ ‎ 还可以接形容词。如 ‎ He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。‎ ‎2. a few 意为“一些、少数”后接复数的可数名词。如 ‎ There are a few people in the room. 房间里有一些人。‎ ‎3. a bit 意为“一点儿”后接形容词。如 ‎ It's a bit cold. 有点冷。 ‎ ‎ a bit of 后接不可数名词。如 ‎ ‎ He has a bit of money. 他有一点儿钱。‎ ‎ 4. a little 表肯定意义little 表否定意义a few 表肯定意义few 表否定意义。如 ‎ There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。 ‎ ‎ There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。‎ ‎ I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中国朋友。 ‎ ‎ Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。‎ ‎5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词 ‎ a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词意为“有点儿”。‎ ‎20) 关于like的用法 like 可以作动词也可以作介词。‎ ‎1、like 作动词表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”有泛指的含义。如 ‎ Do you like the color?你喜爱这种颜色吗 ‎ like 后可接不定式like to do sth也可接动词的-ing分词 like doing sth有时意思不尽相同。如 16‎ ‎ She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。习惯 ‎ She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。平常不喜欢吃 ‎ like 与 would 连用后接不定式表示愿望或客气的请求。如 ‎ Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶吗 ‎ “喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如 ‎ They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。‎ ‎2、like 作介词可译成“像......”。如 ‎ She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好就像母亲一样。‎ ‎ It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。‎ ‎3、区分以下句子 ‎ A. What does he look like? B. What is he like? ‎ A句译为“他长相如何”指一个人的外貌特征而B句译为“他人怎么样”指人的性格特点。‎ C. The boy like Peter is over there. D. A boy like Peter can't do it.‎ A句指外貌相似而D句指性格相似。‎ ‎21) stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth ‎1. stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如 ‎ The students stop to listen to their teacher.‎ ‎ 学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。‎ ‎ 2. stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如 ‎ The students stopped talking. 学生们停止了谈话。‎ ‎ 与它们相反的句式是 go on to do sth “继续做某事与刚才一事不同”和 go on doing sth “继续做某事与刚才同一件事”。如 He finishes his homework and goes on to study English. 他完成了作业接着继续去念英语。‎ They went on playing games. 他们继续玩游戏。‎ ‎22) tell, speak, say 与 talk ‎ ‎1. tell 意为“告诉、讲述”指某人把某一件事、一条信息传送给别人或讲述一件事。如 He tells me that he wants to be a teacher. 他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。 ‎ Father always tells interesting stories to us. 爸爸总是给我们讲有趣的故事。 ‎ tell sb sth 意为“告知某人某事”。如 ‎ He told me something about his past. ‎ 他告诉我一些他的往事。 ‎ tell sb to do sth 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。如 ‎ David told his son to do the homework. 大卫要他的儿子去做作业。 ‎ ‎2. speak 意为“说话、讲话”后面主要接语言。如 ‎ ‎ He can speak English and a little Chinese. ‎ ‎ 他能讲英语和一点汉语。 ‎ ‎ speak to 意为“和.....讲话、谈话”。如 ‎ ‎ Can I speak to Mr Zhang? 我能和张先生讲话吗 ‎ ‎ speak of 意为“提到、说起”。如 ‎ ‎ The book speaks of my hometown. 那本书提到我的家乡。 ‎ ‎3. talk 意为“谈话、讲话”如果只有一方对另一方说话时一般用 talk to如果双 16‎ 方或多方交谈多用 with。如 ‎ ‎ Please talk to him right now. 请立即同他谈话。 ‎ ‎ He is talking with his friend. 他在和朋友交谈。 ‎ ‎ talk about 意为“谈论......”。如 ‎ ‎ They are talking about the movie. 他们在谈论那部电影。 ‎ ‎ have a talk with 意为“与......交谈”。如 ‎ ‎ Can I have a talk with you? 我可以和你交谈吗 ‎ ‎4. say 意为“说”。如 ‎ ‎ Can you say it in English once more? 你能用英语再说一遍吗 ‎ ‎ say to 意为“对......说”。如 ‎ ‎ He said to his students that they would have a test. ‎ ‎ 他对他的学生说他们将有一个测试。 ‎ ‎ It is said that... 意为“据说”。如 ‎ ‎ It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time. ‎ ‎ 据说他能呆在水里很长时间。 ‎ ‎23) Excuse me! 与 I'm sorry!‎ ‎ 1. Excuse me! 意为“打搅了对不起”一般是为了与陌生人搭话或者要打断对方所说做的事。如 ‎ ‎ Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood? 请问附近有旅馆吗 ‎ ‎ Excuse me, could I say something? 打搅一下我能说一些吗 ‎ ‎2. I'm sorry! 意为“对不起”表示道歉。如 ‎ I'm sorry, Mr Zhang. I won't do it again. 对不起张先生。我不会这么做了。 ‎ ‎24) 表示时间的 in、on 与 at in, on 与 at 都可以和表示时间的词组连用。 ‎ ‎1. in 表示时间的一段或较长的时间。如 ‎ ‎ in the morning 在上午 ‎ ‎ in May, 2004 在2004年五月 ‎ ‎ in a week 在一周之内后 ‎ ‎ It's Sunday, I can finish it in two days. ‎ ‎ 现在是星期天我能在两天后完成。星期二 ‎ ‎ Rome was not built in a day. ‎ ‎ 罗马不是在一天内建起来的。 ‎ ‎2. on 主要指在具体的一天。如 ‎ on Sunday 在星期天 ‎ on May Day 在“五一”节 ‎ on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午 ‎ He arrived in Beijing on April 26,2004. 他于2004年4月26日到达北京。 ‎ ‎3. at 表示时间的一点或比较短的时间。如 ‎ ‎ at 8:00 在八点 ‎ ‎ at noon 在中午 ‎ ‎ I always get up at 6:00 every morning. 我总是每天早晨六点起床。 ‎ It's always warm at this time of year. 每年的这个时候总是暖和的。‎ ‎ ‎ 16‎ ‎25) Other及其用法 Other 及其相近的词组 如 others, the other, the others, another, any other 等一直是中学生朋友们比较困扰的问题平常的考试、作业中经常出错。下面是它们的一些用法 ‎1、other 指其余的人或物所有格是 other's复数形式是 othersthe other 指“两个人或物中的另一个”其复数形式是 the othersothers 相当于“other + 名词”所以不能充当定语修饰名词。others指整体中去掉一部分后剩余的部分但不是全部的即 some...others 一些...其余的人...。the others 强调整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部即some...the others.‎ ‎2、another 泛指三个以上的不定数目中的“另外一个”。由 an 和 other 合并构成所以不能和冠词连用。another 修饰单数名词比如another pencil. ‎ ‎3、any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”后面要用名词的单数形式。 ‎ ‎26) look 短语 ‎ 常见的look短语有以下这些 ‎ ‎1.look at 朝......看 ‎ Please look at the map of China. 请看中国地图。(look at=have a look at)‎ ‎2.look for 寻找 ‎ The old man is looking for his dog. 老人在寻找他的狗。 ‎ ‎3.look like 看起来像 Nancy looks like her mother. 南希看起来像她母亲。 ‎ ‎4.look the same 看上去一样 ‎ Li Ping and Li Jing look the same. 李萍和李晶看上去一样。 ‎ ‎5.look up 查找 Please look up the word in the dictionary. 请在词典中查找这个单词。‎ ‎6.look over 仔细检查 The doctor looked over Mary carefully. 医生仔细检查了玛丽。‎ ‎7.look after 照顾照看 You must look after your old father. 你必须照顾你的老父亲。‎ ‎8.look around 到处寻找、查看 We looked around, but we found nothing strange. 我们四处查看但是我们没有发现奇怪的东西。 ‎ ‎27) tooalso与either ‎ ‎ 1.too用于肯定句和疑问句一般放在句尾其前常加逗号。如 ‎ We are in the same school, too. 我们也在相同的学校。 ‎ Do you play soccer every day, too? 你也每天踢足球吗 ‎ ‎2.also用于肯定句和疑问句一般位于实义动词前、be动词后。如 ‎ Sandra is also a Korean student. Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。 ‎ ‎3.either用于否定句一般放在句末。如 ‎ They don't know the answer, either. 她们也不知道答案。 ‎ ‎4.as well as也有“也”的意思。如 ‎ We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda. ‎ He is a happy boy as well. ‎ ‎28) hard与hardly 1.hard既可作形容词也可作副词。如 ‎ It's a hard(adj.) question. (=difficult) 这是一个难的问题。 ‎ The boy studies very hard(adv.). 那男孩学习非常努力。‎ ‎ 句子结构It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难的。如 16‎ ‎ It's hard for him to finish the work. 完成那项工作对他来说很难。‎ ‎ 注意区分 hard work 困难的工作 ‎ work hard 努力工作 ‎ ‎2.hardly是频度副词表示否定的意思。=almost not通常用在形容词、副词和动词之前。如 I can hardly see it. 我几乎看不到它。 ‎ ‎29) sometime,sometimes,some time与some times ‎ 1.sometime是时间副词指不确定的将来或过去某一点时间某时候或任何时候不指一段时间。如 ‎ We'll go to Beijing sometime next month. 我们下个月某一时候会去北京。 ‎ ‎2.sometimes是频度副词指“有时”、“不时”的意思=at times。如 ‎ Sometimes I get up very late on Sunday morning. 有时候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。 3.some time是名词词组指一段时间一些时间或若干时间。如 ‎ It took him some time to finish the book. 她花了一些时间去完成作业。 ‎ ‎4.some times指“几次”。如 ‎ He met the woman some times last month. 上个月他见过那妇女几次。 ‎ ‎30) exercise的一些用法 ‎ 1.作不及物动词译为“运动锻炼”。如 ‎ David exercises every morning. 大卫每天早晨进行锻炼。‎ ‎ 2.作及物动词译为“训练”。如 ‎ Swimming exercises the whole body. 游泳能使身体得到全面的锻炼。‎ ‎ 3.作名词译为“体育锻炼、运动、体操、练习题”等。如 ‎ It's good to do eye exercises every day. 每天做眼保键操对眼睛有好处。‎ ‎ Please do more exercise from now on. 从今以后请多做运动吧。‎ ‎ I have lots of homework to do tonight. 今晚我有很多的作业要做。‎ ‎ 4.注意exercise指具体运动或体操时是可数名词复数形式为exercises泛指运动时是不可数名词。‎ ‎31) maybe与may be ‎ 1.maybe是副词译为“也许、可能”相当于“perhaps”。如 ‎ Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。‎ ‎ He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。‎ ‎ 2.may be中的may为情态动词译为“可能是......”。如 ‎ He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。‎ ‎ She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师。‎ ‎32) same与different ‎ 1.same指“相同的”前面通常要有一个定冠词the但是如果same前面已经有thisthose等词就不能再与the连用了。如 ‎ We are in the same class. 我们在同一个班级。‎ ‎ 结构the same as 与......一样 如 ‎ His mark is the same as mine. ‎ 16‎ ‎ 他的分数和我的分数一样。‎ ‎ 2.different译为“不同的”其后的可数名词应为复数形式。如 ‎ We are in different classes. 我们在不同的班级。‎ ‎ 结构be different from 与......不同 如 ‎ This sweater is different from that one. 这件毛衣与那一件不同。‎ ‎ different的名词形式为difference, 复数形式为differences。‎ ‎33) 动词want的用法 ‎ 1.want sth. 想要某物 ‎ ‎ They want some help. 他们需要一些帮助。‎ ‎ 2.want sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事 ‎ ‎ My father wants me to help him on the farm. 我父亲要我在农场上帮他。‎ ‎ 3.want to do sth. 想要做某事 ‎ I want to study English in England. 我想要在英国学习英语。‎ ‎ 4.want doing 需要...‎ ‎ Your sweater wants washing. 你的运动衣该洗了。‎ ‎34) be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法 ‎ 1.be good for 对......有益 ‎ Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你们的建康有益。‎ ‎ 2.be good at 擅长于......‎ ‎ Li Ping is good at basketball. 李平擅长于篮球。 =‎ Li Ping is good at playing basketball. 李平擅长于打篮球。‎ be good at = do well in 如 ‎ I'm good at math. = I do well in math. 我擅长于数学。 ‎ ‎3.be good to 对......好 ‎ Parents are always good to their children. 父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。‎ ‎35) how many与how much ‎ 1.how many表示“多少”对数量提问后面接可数名词的复数形式。如 ‎ There are four people in my family.‎ ‎ ---How many people are in your family?‎ ‎ 你家里有几个人 ‎ We have seven classes every day.‎ ‎ ---How many classes do you have every day?‎ ‎ 你们每天上几节课 ‎ 2.how much也是表示“多少”但它对不可数名词进行提问。如 ‎ There is some milk in the bottle. ‎ ‎ ---How much milk is there in the bottle? ‎ ‎ 瓶子里有多少牛奶 ‎ 3.how much还可以对价格提问表示“多少钱”的意思。如 ‎ The yellow T-shirt is only 35 yuan.‎ ‎ ---How much is the yellow T-shirt?‎ ‎ 那件黄色的T恤衫多少钱 16‎ ‎36) with的几个用法 ‎ 1.with表“和、同、与”。如 ‎ Can you go to the park with me?‎ ‎ 你能和我一起去公园吗 ‎ 2.with表“用、以、被”。如 ‎ Don't write with the red pen.‎ ‎ 不要用那支红色的钢笔写字。‎ ‎ 3.with表“随着”。如 ‎ Climate varies with the time of the year. 气候随着时令的不同而不同。‎ ‎ 4.with表“带有、有......的”。如 ‎ The girl with long hair is my classmate. 长头发的女孩是我的同学。‎ ‎ 5.with表“因为、由于”。如 ‎ They were angry with hard work. 他们因为艰难的工作而生气。‎ ‎ 6.一些with结构 ‎ play with 与......一起玩 ‎ be angry with 对......生气 ‎ talk with 与......交谈 ‎ get on well with 与......相处融洽 ‎37) a lot of(lots of)与many,much ‎ 1.a lot of意为“许多、大量”。相当于lots of。它既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词。如 ‎ I have a lot of friends in China. 我在中国有很多朋友。‎ ‎ The old man has lots of money. 那位老人有很多的钱。‎ ‎ 2.many意为“许多”。它用来修饰可数名词。如 ‎ Do you have many beautiful skirts? 你有很多漂亮的裙子吗 ‎ 3.much意为“大量”。它用来修饰不可数名词。如 ‎ There is much water in the lake. 湖里有大量的水。‎ ‎ 4.a lot of =lots of用在肯定句中而manymuch不受限制。如果将一个含有a lot of=lots of的肯定句改为否定句或疑问句要将它们改为many或much。如 ‎ We can see a lot of birds in the tree.‎ ‎ ---We can't see many birds in the tree.‎ ‎ 我们在树上看不到很多鸟儿。‎ ‎ He wants lots of soda. ‎ ‎ ---Does he want much soda? ‎ ‎ 他需要许多汽水吗 ‎38) help用法举例 ‎ help既可以作名词也可以作动词。‎ ‎ 1.help作名词意为“帮助”。如 ‎ He needs some help. 他需要一些帮助。‎ ‎ 2.help作动词也是“帮助”的意思。如 ‎ Can you help me? 你能帮帮我吗 16‎ ‎ 3.help的结构 ‎ help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 ‎ =help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 如 ‎ They want to help the boy carry the heavy box.‎ ‎ =They want to help the boy with the heavy box. 他们想要帮助那位男孩搬那个重箱子。‎ ‎39) well的用法 ‎ well可以作副词也可以作形容词。‎ ‎ 1.well作副词意为“某事干得好”。如  The boy draws very well. 男孩画得很好。‎ ‎ 2.well作形容词意为“健康、安好”。如 ‎ I'm not feeling well. 我觉得不舒服。‎ ‎40) ago与before ‎ ago与before都表示“......以前”但用法有所区别。‎ ‎ 1.ago意为“以前”表示从此刻算起的若干时间之前常用于过去时的句子中。如 He took a photo a week ago. 他一周前照了一张相片。‎ ‎ 2.before作为副词时表示 ‎ a.从过去某一时刻算起的若干时间以前用于过去完成时的句子中。如 ‎ The boy had already seen the comedy before. 那男孩以前已经看过那部喜剧片了。‎ ‎ b.笼统的“以前”用于一般过去时或现在完成时的句子中一般单独使用而ago不可以单独使用。如 ‎ He's read this novel before. 他以前读过这部小说。‎ ‎41) need的用法 ‎ 1.need作实义动词意为“需要”。如 ‎ Do you need to stay at home? 你要呆在家里吗 ‎ 2.need作情态动词一般用于对must的否定回答。如 ‎ ---Must he leave now? 他必须离开吗 ‎ ---No, he needn't. 不他不必。‎ ‎ 3.区分 ‎ a.need作实义动词。‎ ‎ He needs to go.‎ ‎ He doesn't need to go.‎ ‎ Does he need to go?‎ ‎ Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.‎ ‎ b.need作情态动词一般不用于肯定句。‎ ‎ He needn't go.‎ ‎ Need he go?‎ ‎ Yes, he need./No, he needn't.‎ ‎42) decide的几种句式 ‎ 1.decide to do sth 决定去做某事 ‎ They decide to fly kite on weekend. 他们决定在周末去放风筝。‎ 16‎ ‎ 2.decide on doing sth 决定做某事 ‎ They decide on flying kites. 他们决定放风筝。‎ ‎ 3.decide on sth 就某事决定......‎ ‎ Betty decided on the red skirt. 贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。‎ ‎ 4.decide的名词形式为decision结构make a decision意为“做决定”。如 ‎ He has made a decision. 他已经做一个决定了。‎ ‎43) too many,too much与much too ‎ 1.too many意为“太多”用于修饰可数名词的复数。如 ‎ There are too many students in our class. 我们班上有太多的学生。‎ ‎ 2.too much意为“太多”用于修饰不可数名词。如 ‎ We have too much work to do.‎ ‎ 我们有太多的工作要做。‎ ‎ 3.much too表示“太”用来修饰形容词或副词。如 ‎ The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it. 箱子太重了所以我搬不动它。‎ ‎44) can的用法 ‎ 1.表示能力。如 ‎ We can carry the heavy box. 我们可以搬得动箱子。‎ ‎ Who can sing an English song? 谁会唱英文歌 ‎ 2.表示惊讶、不相信等态度主要用于否定句和疑问句中。如 ‎ Can it be true? 这会是真的吗 ‎ You can't be serious? 你不会当真吧 ‎ 3.表示允许意思与may相近主要用于口语中。如 ‎ Can I smoke here? 我可以在这儿吸烟吗 ‎ Can I go with him? 我可以跟他一起去吗 16‎