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2020八年级英语上册 Review of Units 1-2词句精讲精练 (新版)仁爱版

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Review of Units 1-2‎ 词句精讲精练 词汇精讲 ‎ ‎1. win ‎  win是动词,意为“赢得;打败;战胜”,其现在分词要双写n,过去式和过去分词均为won。例如:‎ ‎  He won a prize last week. 他上周得奖了。‎ ‎  They won the basketball match yesterday. 他们昨天赢得了那场篮球比赛。‎ ‎  【拓展】‎ ‎  win和beat的辨析:‎ ‎  (1) win强调赢得“比赛、游戏、战争”,获得“名次、奖品”。例如:‎ ‎    win a prize得奖 ‎    win a game赢得比赛 ‎    win a honor赢得荣誉 ‎    win a battle 赢得战斗 ‎    win a match赢得比赛 ‎    win a scholarship赢得奖学金 ‎  (2) beat强调“打败,战胜”,其后只能接比赛、竞争的对手,即beat只能接表示人的词语作宾语。例如:‎ ‎    beat a team 战胜/打败一队(组)‎ ‎    beat a nation战争/打败一个国家 ‎ 2. popular ‎  popular是形容词,意为“流行的;受欢迎的”。be popular with意为“受……欢迎”。‎ ‎  例如:‎ ‎  This kind of sweater is very popular. 这种毛衣非常流行。‎ ‎  She is a popular teacher in our school. 她是我们学校一位很受欢迎的老师。‎ ‎  His songs are popular with young people. 他的歌很受年轻人的欢迎。‎ ‎3.invent ‎  (1)invent 作动词,意为“发明;创造”。例如:‎ ‎     Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯。‎ ‎  (2)invent还可以表示“虚构”。例如:‎ ‎     The whole story was invented. 整个故事是虚构的。‎ ‎  (3)invent的名词形式有两个,一个是inventor(发明者;发明家),另一个是invention(发明物).例如:‎ ‎     Edison is a great inventor in history.‎ ‎     爱迪生是历史上伟大的发明家。‎ ‎     Human history is also a history of great inventions.‎ ‎     人类的历史也是一个伟大发明的历史。‎ ‎  【拓展】‎ ‎  invent和discover辨析 ‎  (1)invent 意为“发明,发明之物”,指“从无到有”。例如:‎ ‎     Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.‎ ‎     亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。‎ ‎  (2)discover 意为“发现”,指“本来就已经存在,但不为人知”的事物。例如:‎ ‎     Columbus discovered America in 1492.‎ 7‎ ‎     哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。‎ ‎4. score ‎(1)score作动词,意为“得分;获胜”。例如:‎ ‎ Hughes scored two goals before half-time.‎ ‎ 休斯在上半场进了两个球.‎ ‎ The army continued to score successes in the south.‎ ‎ 军队在南方不断取得胜利。‎ ‎(2)score作名词,意为“得分;二十;乐谱”。例如:‎ ‎ I recorded the score in a notebook.‎ ‎ 我在笔记本上记下了分数。‎ ‎ He bought two scores of apples yesterday.‎ ‎ 他昨天买了四十个苹果。‎ ‎ Look at the score and try to play that song.‎ ‎   看乐谱演奏一下那首曲子。‎ ‎5. break ‎  (1)break作动词时,既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词,意为“打破;折断;弄坏”。‎ ‎     例如:‎ ‎     He fell through the window, breaking the glass. 他撞破玻璃从窗口摔了下去。‎ ‎     The plate broke. 盘子打破了。‎ ‎     She broke a leg in a skiing accident. 她在一次滑雪事故中摔断了一条腿。‎ ‎     The lead biker broke his bike chain. 那位领先的自行车手车链子断了。‎ ‎  (2)break用作名词的基本意思是“裂口,裂缝;破裂”,用于时间可表示“间歇,休息时间”,‎ ‎     是可数名词。例如:‎ ‎     There is a break in the pipe. 管道上有一处裂缝。‎ ‎     There is a break during the performance. 演出中有一次中场休息。‎ ‎6. well ‎ ‎  (1)well作形容词,意为“身体健康的,身体好的”。例如:‎ ‎     I hope you will be well soon. 我希望你很快好起来。‎ ‎     He is quite well. 他身体好。‎ ‎  (2)well作副词,意为“好,令人满意地”。例如:‎ ‎     Mary speaks English very well.‎ ‎     玛丽英语说得很好。 ‎ ‎     He sings well.‎ ‎     他唱得好。‎ ‎7.ask sb. to do sth.‎ ‎  ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”,其否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth.“让某人不要做某事”。‎ ‎  例如:‎ ‎  I often ask him to help me with my housework.‎ ‎  我经常让他帮助我做家务。‎ ‎  My mother asked me not to read in the sun. ‎ ‎  妈妈让我不要在太阳下看书。‎ ‎  【拓展】‎ ‎  (1)ask sb. sth. “问某事某事”。例如:‎ ‎     Can I ask you some questions?‎ 7‎ ‎     我能问你一些问题吗?‎ ‎  (2)ask sb. about sth.意为“询问某人有关某事;向某人打听某事”。例如:‎ ‎     My father often calls me up and asks me about my study.‎ ‎     爸爸经常给我打电话,询问我的学习情况。‎ ‎  (3)ask for sth.“请求某事,要某物”,相当于want sth. 例如:‎ ‎     Please ask for help if you have some problems.‎ ‎     如果你有问题,请寻求帮助。‎ ‎  (4)ask sb. forsth.“向某人要某物”。例如:‎ ‎     If you don’t find the way to the school, please ask a policeman for help.‎ ‎     如果你找不到去学校的路,请向警察求助 ‎8. keep healthy ‎  (1)keep作动词,意思是“保持”,常见的结构为keep+形容词/动词-ing形式,‎ ‎     意为“使某物保持某种状态”。例如:‎ ‎     The cat keeps running after the rat, trying to catch it.‎ ‎     那只猫一直在追赶老鼠,想要抓住它。‎ ‎     I need to keep fit. 我需要保持健康。‎ ‎     Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。‎ ‎  (2)keep的后面还可以表示为keep sb. doing sth.,表示“让某人一直做某事”。例如:‎ ‎     You keep me waiting for half an hour.‎ ‎     你让我等了半个小时。‎ ‎  (3)healthy是形容词,意为“健康的”,“healthy food”意为“健康食品”。healthy的名词为health,‎ ‎     副词为healthily, 反义词为unhealthy。例如:‎ ‎     The old man looks healthy.‎ ‎     这个老人看起来很健康。‎ ‎     Healthy food is good for our health.‎ ‎     健康食品对我们的健康有益。‎ ‎9. three times a day ‎   three times a day意为“每天三次”,是一个表示频率的副词短语,对其提问时用how often。例如:‎ ‎   You should take your medicine three times a day.‎ ‎   你应该每天吃三次药。‎ ‎  —How often do you wash your clothes? 你多久洗一次衣服?‎ ‎  —Once or twice a week. 每周一两次。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ 在英语中,表示“一次”用once,表示两次用twice,表示“三次或三次以上”时,用“基数词+times”,此时time是可数名词,意为“次数”。例如:‎ ‎  once a week每周一次  twice or three times a week 每周两三次 词汇精练 I.‎‎ 英汉互译。‎ ‎ 1. play sports _____________  2. 一天许多次_______________   3. 谈论_______________   4. 去游泳_______________‎ ‎5. 保持健康 ____________  6. 对……有害____________   7. 不到,少于____________ 8. 每周两次____________‎ ‎9. do sports ___________ 10. no problem ___________  ‎ 7‎ ‎11. too much __________ 12. healthy food ___________‎ II. 根据句意及首字母提示写出所缺单词。‎ ‎1. H______ food is good for your body.   2. You must k______ quiet in the library.   3. Do you often eat unhealthy f______?   4. We n______ to do sports every day.   5. It’s time to do morning e______.   6 I don’t like fish, so I s_____ eat fish.‎ III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. Amy is good at _______________(draw).   2. Mille _______________(do) morning exercises every day.   3. Let’s go _______________(swim) after school.   4. He goes to the library many _______________(time) a week.   5. My grandpa enjoys _______________(listen) to the radio.   6. Music makes me _______________(feel) great.   7. He hopes _______________(become) a member of the music club.   8. He wants me _______________(go) with him.   9. Does Daniel _______________(get) up at 6:30 every morning?   10. What about _______________(watch) TV at home?‎ 参考答案 I.‎‎ 英汉互译。‎ ‎1. 做运动 2. many times a day 3. talk about 4. go swimming ‎ ‎5. keep healthy/fit 6. be bad for 7. less than 8. twice a week ‎9. 作运动 10. 没问题 11. 太多  12.健康食品 II. 根据句意及首字母提示写出所缺单词。‎ ‎ 1. healthy 2. keep 3. food 4. need 5. exercises 6. seldom III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. drawing  2. does  3. swimming  4. times  5. listening  6. feel  ‎ ‎7. to become 8. to go   9. get  10. watching 句式精讲 ‎1. Which sport do you prefer, swimming or rowing?‎ ‎  (1) prefer 作动词,意为“更喜爱,更喜欢”。相当于like…better。例如:‎ ‎    Of the two cars,I prefer that red one.‎ ‎    两辆车中,我更喜欢红色的那辆。‎ ‎    Which do you prefer,coffee or tea?  ‎ ‎    你更喜欢咖啡还是茶?‎ ‎  (2) prefer to do sth. 意为“宁愿做某事”。例如:‎ ‎    I prefer to go home now. 现在我宁愿回家。‎ ‎  (3) prefer sth to sth. 意为“与……相比更喜欢……”。后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。‎ ‎    例如:‎ ‎    She usually prefers vegetables to meat.‎ ‎    她通常喜欢蔬菜而不喜欢肉。‎ ‎2. I have a cold.‎ 7‎ ‎ have a cold是动词短语,意为“患感冒,伤风”,也可以说成catch a cold/get a cold或take a cold。其中have表示“患病,得病”,不能用于进行时态,但可与一段时间连用,表示状态;而catch/get a cold则表示瞬时动作,不能同一段时间连用。例如:‎ ‎  I have had a cold for three days. 我感冒三天了。‎ ‎  此句也可以表达为:‎ ‎  I had/caught/got a cold three days ago.‎ ‎  【拓展】‎ ‎  表示人体某部位“痛”时的几种结构:‎ ‎  (1)have a + 身体部位名词后加-ache构成。例如:‎ ‎     have a headache 头痛 ‎     have a toothache 牙痛 ‎     have a stomachache胃痛 ‎  (2)have a sore + 身体部位名词。例如:‎ ‎     have a sore throat 喉咙痛 ‎     have a sore arm  胳膊痛 ‎     have a sore foot  脚痛 ‎  (3)身体部位 + hurt/ache。例如:‎ ‎     My eyes hurt. 我眼睛痛。‎ ‎     My legs ache. 我腿疼。‎ ‎  (4)have a pain in/ on + the + 身体部位。例如:‎ ‎     I have a pain in the arm. 我胳膊痛。‎ ‎  (5)There is something wrong with + one’s + 身体部位。例如:‎ ‎     There is something wrong with your eyes. 你的眼睛有毛病。‎ ‎3. Staying up late is bad for your health.‎ ‎ (1)stay up late 表示“熬夜;睡得很晚”。例如:‎ ‎   I used to stayuplate with my friends and watch movies.‎ ‎   我以前总是和朋友们一起熬夜看电影。‎ ‎ (2)be bad for,意为“对……有害处”。介词for后接名词或代词。‎ ‎   其反义词为be good for意为“对……有好处,对……有益处”。例如:‎ ‎   Junk food is not good for our health. 垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处。‎ ‎   Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。‎ ‎4. Are you going to join the school rowing team?‎ ‎  (1)join 意为“参加,加入”,可以指加入某种社团或者组织,成为其中的成员。‎ ‎     例如:‎ ‎     Yao Ming joined the NBA. 姚明加入了NBA。‎ ‎  (2)“join + 指人的名词或代词”,意为“加入……之中”。例如:‎ ‎     Will you join us for lunch? 和我们一起吃午饭好吗?‎ ‎  (3)“join + in + 活动类名词”意为“参加……(活动)。”例如:‎ ‎     Can you join in the game? 你能参加这个游戏吗?‎ ‎ 5.You should see a dentist.‎ should是情态动词,意为“应当,应该”。表示义务、责任,可用于各种人称,无人称和数的变化,也不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态;否定形式为should not,缩写为shouldn’t。其主要用法有:‎ ‎  (1) 表示责任和义务,意为“应该”。例如:‎ 7‎ ‎    You should take your teacher’s advice. 你应该听从你老师的建议。‎ ‎    You shouldn’t be late for class. 你不应该上课迟到。‎ ‎  (2) 表示推断,意为“可能,该”。例如:‎ ‎  The train should have already left. 火车可能已经离开了。‎ ‎6. Basketball is one of the most popular sports …‎ ‎ one of +the +形容词最高级+复数名词/代词,意为“最……之一”,当其作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:‎ ‎ His brother is one of the tallest boys in the class.‎ ‎ 他弟弟是这个班最高的男生之一。‎ ‎ The song is one of the most popular songs.‎ ‎ 这首歌是最流行的歌之一。‎ ‎ One of us has nothing for breakfast.‎ ‎ 我们中有一个人没吃早饭。‎ 句式精练 I.‎‎ 根据汉语提示,完成英语句子(每空一词)。‎ ‎1. 垃圾食品对我们健康有害。   Junk food _______ _______ ______ our health.‎ ‎2. 中国的长城是世界的奇迹之一。‎ ‎ The Great Wall in China is __________ _________ the wonders of the world.‎ ‎3.汤姆,你不应该玩刀。‎ ‎ Tom,you shouldn’t ________ ________the knife.‎ ‎4. — 你怎么了?  — 我牙疼。  — ________ ________ ________?  — I have a ________.‎ ‎5. 我奶奶宁愿去散步而不愿看电视。‎ My grandma prefers _______ a walk ______ ______ in front of the TV.‎ II. 按要求完成句子。‎ ‎1. I think I have a cold. (改为否定句)   I ________ ________ I ________ a cold.   2. She has a toothache. (对划线部分提问)   ________ the ________ ________ her?   3. My head hurts. (同义句转换)   I ________ a ________.‎ ‎4. Yao Ming plays basketball very well. (改为同义句)‎ Yao Ming ______ ________ ______ playing basketball.‎ ‎5. Do they enjoy the lessons? (作否定回答)‎ ‎_____________, they _____________.‎ ‎6. Helen has some Chinese textbooks. (改为否定句)   Helen ________ ________ _________Chinese textbooks.   7. We have chicken for dinner. (对划线部分提问)   ______ do you _______ for dinner?   8. My little cat walks to his bowl many times a day.(对划线部分提问)   _______ ______ ______ your cat walk to his bowl? ‎ 7‎ ‎  9. I would like a cup of tea. (改为一般疑问句)   ________ _______ like a cup of tea?   10. Hamburgers aren’t good for our health. (改为同义句)   Hamburgers _______ ____ ___our health.‎ III. 补全对话。‎ 阅读下面对话,从方框中选择适当的句子补全对话。(其中有两项是多余的)‎ A. When will it be?‎ B. What’s the name of it?‎ C. Shall we be volunteers?‎ D. What’s in today’s newspaper?‎ E. Anything new in today’s paper?‎ F. How can we become volunteers?‎ G. Everyone is supposed to make contributions.‎ A: Hi, Li Jun.1__________‎ B: Yes, the first National Youth Games will be held in Fuzhou.‎ A: Great! 2______‎ B: It’ll start in 0ctober, 2015. Look, here is a photo of the main stadium.‎ A: Wow, it looks grand.3________‎ B: Fuzhou Strait Olympic Game‎ ‎Center.‎ A: Really nice. What else about the Games?‎ B: Thirty-one thousand volunteers are wanted.4. ________‎ A: Sure! It’s an honor to serve the players and visitors.‎ B: So it is.5._______‎ A: Let’s look forward to this big event.‎ 参考答案 I.‎‎ 根据汉语提示,完成英语句子(每空一词)。‎ ‎1. is bad for 2. one of 3. play with ‎ ‎4. What’s the matter; toothache 5. taking; to watching II. 按要求完成句子。‎ ‎1. don't think; have  2. What's; matter with  3. have; headache 4. is good at 5. No; don’t 6. doesn’t have any 7. What; have 8. How often does 9. Would you 10. are bad for III. 补全对话。‎ ‎1-5 EABCG 7‎