初中八年级上册英语知识点总结 21页

八年级上册英语语法、短语和知识点总结 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?‎ 本单元的话题：谈论假期活动内容，复习一般过去时。‎ 本单元的语法：1.复习一般过去时；2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法。‎ ‎1.本单元出现的动词不规则过去式有：‎ isam--was是 are -- were是 go--went去 buy—bought买 take --took拿走 ‎ dodoes—did feed—fed喂 see—saw 看见 eat—ate 吃 havehas—had 有，吃 feel—felt感觉 ride—rode骑 get—got到达,得到 can—could能，会 forget—forgot忘记 drink—drank喝 find—found找到 ‎2.不定代词和不定副词的用法：‎ some body any one every thing no where（疑问副词）‎ 不定代词和不定副词 ‎（1）左边的some、any、every、no与右边的body、one、thing构成不定代词，some、any、every、no与右边的疑问副词where构成不定副词；‎ ‎（2）一般情况下以some开头的不定代词和不定副词用于肯定句，以any开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句；以no开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义（no one为两个单词）；‎ ‎（3）不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时，形容词放在后面。‎ He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。（肯定句用something，形容词important放后） ‎ Did you buy anything special? （一般疑问句用anything，形容词special放后）‎ Did you go anywhere interesting last month?上个月你去令人感兴趣的地方了吗？ ‎ ‎(一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere，形容词interesting放后)‎ ‎（4）不定代词和不定副词做主语时，后面的动词用单数形式。Everone is here today.今天每个人都在这里。‎ 本单元的短语和知识点：‎ ‎1.(P1，图片) go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains 上山/进山 ‎2.(P1，1a) stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去夏令营 3.(P2，2b) study for tests为考试而学习备考 go out出去 21‎ ‎4.(P2，2d) quite a few相当多,不少（后跟可数名词复数）‎ He has quite a few friends.他有不少朋友； take photos照相 most of the time大部分时间 ‎5.（P3,语法表格3行) buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为某人买某物 ‎ My mother bought me a sweater=My mother bought a sweater for me.我妈妈给我买了一件毛衣。‎ ‎6.（P3,语法表格4行) taste good. 尝起来很好 ‎ taste（尝起来）、look（看起来）、sound（听起来）为感官动词，后跟形容词 The food tastes delicious.这食品尝起来非常可口。‎ The T-shirt looks beautiful.这件体恤衫看起来很漂亮。‎ The songs sound beautiful.这些歌曲听起来很优美。‎ ‎7.（P3,语法表格5行)have a goodgreatfun time过得高兴，玩得愉快（=enjoy oneself）‎ They had a good time yesterday.= They enjoyed themselves yesterday.他们昨天玩得很开心。 8.(P3,3a) go shopping去购物 ‎9.(P3,3b,4行) nothing…but+动词原形：除了……之外什么都没有 He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做。‎ ‎10.(P3,3b,5行) seem to do sth:好像… I seem to know him.我好像认识他。‎ seem+（to be）+形容词：看起来…The work seems（to be）easy.这工作看起来很容易。‎ ‎11.（P3,3c）keep a diary记日记 ‎ ‎12.(P5,2b,1行) in+大地方：达到某地 （get to +地方：达到某地）‎ ‎ arrive at+小地方：达到某地 (get的过去式为got)‎ He arrived in Beijing yesterday.他昨天达到北京。‎ 若是arrive和get后跟home、there、here三个地点副词，后面的介词inatto必须去掉。‎ Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived home yesterday evening.昨晚汤姆到家。‎ ‎13.(P5,2b,2行)decide to do sth:决定做某事 He decided to go home.他决定回家。‎ ‎14.(P5,2b,3行) try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事 The boy tried riding bicycle.这个小孩试着骑自行车 He tried to help the old man.他尽力帮助这个老年人。‎ ‎15.(P5,2b,4行) feel like给…的感觉；感受到 ‎16.(P5,2b,1段末行) in the past 在过去 walk around四处走走 ‎ enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事 He enjoys playing basketball.他喜欢打篮球。‎ ‎17.(P5,2b,2段1行)difference(名词，差异，差别)---- different(形容词，不同的)‎ 21‎ ‎18.(P5,2b,2段2行)start doing sth：开始做某事 （= start to do sth）‎ He started doing his homework. 他开始做家庭作业。‎ ‎19.(P5,2b,2段3行)over an hour一个多小时 （over超过，多余 = more than）‎ ‎20.(P5,2b,2段4行) too many 太多，后接可数名词复数。‎ Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.昨天妈妈买了很多鸡蛋。‎ too much 太多，后跟不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 ‎ We have too much work to do.我们有很多工作要做。 Don’t talk too much.不要说太多。‎ much too 太，后跟形容词或副词The hat is much too big for me.这帽子对我来说太大。 ‎ You’re walking much too fast.你走地太快了。‎ 分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头:much 后接不可数,too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。‎ ‎21.(P5,2b,2段6行) because of 因为,后接名词、代词或动名词（即动词+ing），不能接句子。 because因为，后跟句子。‎ ‎ He can’t go to school because of the rain.他因为下雨没去上学。（rain为名词）‎ He was late for school because of getting up late.他因为起晚而上学迟到。（get为动词） ‎ ‎= He was late for school because he got up late.‎ I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.我没有买这件衬衣因为它太贵。‎ ‎22.(P5,2b,2段8行)enough(足够的)与名词连用，一般放在名词前 He has enough money .他有足够的钱。(money为名词)‎ enough(足够的)与形容词或副词连用，enough放在后面。‎ He is old enough to go to school. (old为形容词)‎ ‎23.（P6,2d,倒数4行） doing sth.忘记已经做过某事（已经做完）‎ forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（还未做）(forget的过去式为forgot)‎ Don’t foget to close the door.不要忘记关上门。（门还未关）‎ He forgot closing the door.他忘记已经关上门了。（门已经关上，但是他忘了）‎ ‎24.（P6,2e,5行）another+数字+可数名词单数或复数：额外多少某物 He ate one apple,he wanted another two apples.他吃了一个苹果，还想再要两个。‎ ‎25.（P8,self check,2,6行）so+形容词+that+句子：如此…以至于…‎ too+形容词+to do sth：太…以至于不能…‎ 形容词+enough to do sth：足够…能够做某事（注意三个句型有时可以互换）‎ He is so young that he can′t go to school.他如此年轻以至于不能去上学。 ‎ 21‎ ‎= He is too young to go to school. 他太年轻以至于不能去上学。‎ ‎= He isn′t old enough to go to school.‎ ‎26.（P8,self check,2,7行）tell sb (not) to do sth:告诉某人（不要）做某事 My mother often tells us not to play in the street.我的妈妈经常告诉我不要在街上玩。‎ Unit 2 How often do you exercise? ‎ 本单元的话题：谈论生活习惯，复习一般现在时。‎ 本单元的语法：1.复习一般现在时；2.学习表示频率副词的用法。‎ 主要频率副词的等级排序：always(总是) > usually (通常) > often(经常) > sometimes(有时) > hardly ever(很少) > never(从不)‎ 这些副词在句子中的位置，一般放在助动词、be动词或情态动词之后，行为（实义）动词之前。即：“行”前“助(系)”后。 Peter is always late for school. Peter上学总是迟到。‎ I usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作业。 提问 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词，用 How often I watch TV every day.我每天都看电视→How often do you watch TV?(你多长时间看一次电视？)‎ 本单元的短语和知识点：‎ ‎1.(P9,图片、1a) on weekends在周末 go to the movies去看电影 help with housework帮助做家务 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不 ‎2.(P10,2a至2d) 2a:once a week每周一次 twice a week每周两次 every day每天 ‎ ‎2c:use the Internet用互联网 2d: be free有空Are you free on weekends?你周末有空吗？‎ swing dance摇摆舞 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈和钢琴课 play tennis打网球 How about…? …怎么样？/ …好不好？（后跟名词代词V-ing）(用来提出意见或征求对方建议)‎ I like apples,how about you ?我喜欢苹果，你呢？（apple,名词，苹果）(how about =what about)‎ How about going shopping this afternoon？今天下午去购物怎么样？（go为动词）‎ ‎3.(P11,语法表格)go shopping购物 4. (P11，3b)after school 放学后 ‎5. (P11,3a) stay up late熬夜 at least至少 go to bed early早点睡觉 play sports进行体育活动 ‎6.(P12，1b)want sth：需要某物 He wants a new pen.他想要一支新钢笔。‎ want to do sth:想做某事 He wants to watch TV after school.放学后他想去看电视。‎ want sb to do sth:让某人做某事 My mother wants me get up early.妈妈让我早起。‎ ‎7.(P12，1b)be good for对……有好处 be bad for 对……有害处 21‎ Swimming is good for our health.游泳对我们的健康有好处。‎ Watching TV is bad for our eyes.看电视对我们的眼睛有害处。‎ ‎8. (P13，2a) play computer games打电子游戏 go camping去野营 ‎9.(P13，2b，1行)ask sb about sth：问某人某事 My parents often ask me about my study.我的父母经常问我的学习情况。‎ ‎10. (P13，2b,1段1行)in one’s spare time在某人业余时间 He studies English in his spare time.他在业余时间学习英语。‎ ‎11.(P13，2b)”数字+percent of+名词”做主语时，后面的单词取决于名词的情况。若名词为复数，后面的动词用复数形式；若名词为单数或不可数名词，后面的动词用单数形式。‎ In our class ,twenty of students are boys.在我们班，百分之二十的学生为男生。‎ Thirty of water is dirty.百分之三十的水是脏的。‎ ‎12.(P13，2b，2段3行)not…at all:一点儿也不 （not构成否定句）‎ I don’t like the movie at all.我一点也不喜欢这部电影。‎ ‎13.(P13，2b，3段)go online上网 14. (P13，2b，4段) the most popular最受欢迎的 ‎15. (P13，2b，3段)the answer to+名词：…的答案 the answer to the question这个问题的答案 although(虽然)不能与but连用，但可以与yet ,still 连用。‎ Although it is dark ,they are still working.虽然天黑了，但他们仍在工作。‎ Although he is old ,he is quite strong.他虽然年龄大了，但身体很健壮。‎ ‎16.(P13，2b，5段1行)the (best) way to do sth: 做某事的(最好)方式 The best way to learn English is speaking English.学习英语的最好方法是说英语.‎ ‎17.(P13，2b，5段2行) such as比如 （后跟名词或名词短语）for example 例如（后跟句子）‎ He likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on.他喜欢水果，例如苹果、香蕉等。‎ He has some good ways to study English,for example ,he often listens to tapes.他有许多好的方法学习英语，例如，他经常听磁带。‎ ‎18.(P13，2b，5段4行) old habits die hard旧习难改。‎ ‎19.(P15，3a)more than (=over)超过，多余 go to the dentist去看牙医 Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister. ‎ 本单元的话题：谈论事物对比，学习形容词比较级。‎ 本单元的语法：学习形容词比较级。（语法：见课本第113页至115页）‎ 21‎ 本单元出现的形容词和副词的比较级有：‎ long—longer(长的) tall--taller(高的) fast—faster(更快) funny—funnier(更有趣) friendly—friendlier（更友好） early—earlier（更早） lazy—lazier(更懒惰) ‎ high—higher(更高) hard—harder(更努力) quiet—quieter（更安静，更内向）,‎ smart—smarter（更聪明） loud —louder（更响亮） goodwell--better (更好)‎ manymuch—more (更多) popular—more popular(更受欢迎) loudly—more loudly（更响亮） outgoing--more outgoing(更外向/更开朗) hard-working—more hard-working（更努力）‎ clearly—more clearly（更清楚） serious—more serious（更严肃） ‎ 形容词和副词的比较级讲解：‎ 1. 比较级表示两个人或物的比较。所用的句型为“比较级+than”（比…更…），若than前后所使用的的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词，后面的动词或助动词可以省略。注意比较的对象必须性质相同。‎ I am taller than my brother.我比我的弟弟高。 ‎ He is more outgoing than me.他比我外向。‎ ‎2.比较级前，可以用much（更…，多得多…），a lot（更…，多得多…）,even（更…，多得多…），a little(稍微)来表示程度。I am a little thinner than my sister.我比我的妹妹稍微瘦。‎ She is much more beautiful than her sister.她比她的妹妹更漂亮。‎ 本单元的短语和知识点：‎ ‎1.(P17,图片)play+the +乐器 play the drums打鼓 ‎ both…and…两者都(后面的动词用复数形式)Both Tom and Jim are students. 汤姆和吉姆都是学生。‎ ‎2.(P18,2d) the singing competition 歌咏比赛 the most important 最重要的 ‎3.（P20,1a）be good at+名词代词V ing:擅长，在某方面做得好 He is good at math.他擅长数学（math为名词） I am good at playing basketball.我擅长打篮球。(play为动词)‎ ‎4.（P20,1a）make sb do sth:让某人做某事He makes me help him.他让我帮助他。‎ ‎5.（P20,1b）the same as与…相同His book is the same as my book.他的书与我的书一样。‎ ‎6. （P20,1b）be talented in sth:在某方面有天赋He is talented in music.他在音乐方面有天赋。‎ ‎7.（P21,2b,1段2行）be like:像… The books are like friends.书像朋友。‎ ‎8.（P21,2b,1段）make friends (with sb)：（和某人）交朋友 21‎ He often makes friends with children.他经常和孩子们交朋友.‎ enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事 Tom enjoys reading.汤姆喜欢读书。‎ ‎9.（P21,2b,2段）be different from与…不同My brother is different from me.我弟弟与我不一样。‎ ‎10.（P21,2b,2段）help sb to (do) sth:帮助某人做某事 常与help sb with sth(在某方面帮助某人)互换 He often helps me （to） learn English.他经常帮助我学习英语。= He often helps me with my English.他经常在英语方面帮助我。‎ help (to) do sth:帮助做某事He often helps（ to）cook at home.他经常在家帮助做饭。‎ ‎11.（P21,2b,3段）care about关心 My parents often care about my study.我的父母亲经常关心我的学习.‎ ‎12.（P22,2d）比较级表示最高级常用：‎ 比较级 +than +the other+可数名词复数 ‎=比较级+than +any other+可数名词单数（用于一范围内一个与余下进行比较） 例如：‎ He is the tallest student in our class .（最高级）在我们班他是最高的学生。‎ ‎= He is taller than any other student in our class. ‎ ‎= He is taller than the other students in our class.在我们班，他比其他的学生高。‎ ‎（在我们班，他与他之外的其他的同学进行比较）‎ shanghai is the biggest city in china.上海是中国最大的城市。‎ ‎=‎ ‎=‎ ‎13.（P24,4）be good with sb:与某人相处很好 The teacher is good with students.这位老师与学生相处很好。‎ ‎14.（P24,4）information （n.消息，信息）不可数名词 Unit 4 What's the best movie theater? ‎ 本单元的话题：谈论事物对比， 学习形容词和副词的最高级。‎ 本单元的语法：学习形容词和副词的最高级。‎ ‎1.形容词和副词的最高级常用于表示三者或三者以上进行比较，后面可用of或in短语表示比较的范围。He is the tallest in his class.在他那个班，他是最高的。‎ Tom studies (the) best of the three students.在这三个学生中汤姆学习最好 21‎ ‎2.形容词和副词的最高级前常常有the(副词的最高级前的the可以省略)，例如：‎ He is the tallest student in our class.在我们班他是最高的学生。（tall为形容词，the不能省） 汤姆在他那个学校跑得最快。（fast为副词修饰动词run,the可以省略） ‎ Tom runs (the) fastest in his school. ‎ ‎3.比较级也可以表示最高级的含义，见Unit3,12讲解。‎ 本单元出现的形容词和副词的最高级有：‎ good(好)—best badbadly(坏的)—worst frest(新鲜的)—frestest big(大)—biggest fast(快的)--fastest new(新的)—newest cheap(便宜的)—cheapest funny(有趣的)- funniest close(近的)—closest short(矮的)—shortest quiet（安静的，内向的）—quietest ‎ expensive(昂贵的)—most expensive,popular(受欢迎的)—most popular,quikcly(快地)—most quikcly beautiful(美丽的)—most beautiful, comefortable(舒服的)—most comefortable cheaply（便宜地）—most cheaply carefully(仔细地，细心地)—most carefully boring(无聊的)—most boring exciting(令人兴奋的)—most exciting ‎ interesting（令人感兴趣的）—most interesting serious(严肃的，认真的)—most serious ‎ creative(有创造力的)—most creative, talented(有天赋的)—most talented ‎ 本单元的短语和知识点：‎ ‎1.（P26，2d,2行）welcome to+地点：欢迎来到某地 Welcome to our school.欢迎来我校。‎ ‎2.（P27语法表）What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你认为...怎么样？‎ What do you think of the book?你认为这本书怎么样？ It is boring.很无聊。‎ ‎3.（P29，2b,1段2行）watch sb do sth:看见某人做了某事（= see sb do sth ）‎ I watched him play basketball yesterday.昨天我看见他打篮球了。‎ ‎4.（P29，2b,1段3行）比较级别 +and+比较级：越来越… ‎ ‎（若比较级为more+形容词原级，则为：more and more形容词原级）‎ The buildings are taller and taller.楼房越来越高。‎ Our school is getting more and more beautiful.我们的学校正在变得越来越漂亮。‎ ‎5.（P29,2b,1段末行）around the world全世界=all over the world,such as 例如 Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?‎ 本单元的话题：谈论自己对天使节目或电影的喜好，学会表达自己的感受。‎ 本单元的语法：复习一般现在时。‎ 21‎ 本单元的短语和知识点：‎ ‎1.(P33,图片) What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你认为…怎么样？‎ What do you think of the movie?你认为这部电影怎么样？ It is boring.很无聊。‎ ‎2.(P33,图片)（补充）mind doing sth:介意做某事 Would you mind opening the door?你介意打开门吗？Of course not.当然不介意。‎ ‎3.(P33,1a) news (不可数名词，消息，信息) a piece of good news一条好消息 ‎4.(P34,2b,2行)learn (sth) from sb:向某人学习（某物）‎ We is learning English from the teacher.我们正在向这位老师学习英语。‎ ‎5.(P34,2c,1行)plan to do sth:计划做某事（plan的过去式planned,现在分词planning）‎ He is planning to visit Beijing.他正在计划访问北京。‎ ‎6.(P34,2c,4行)hope to do sth:希望做某事 ‎ He hopes to meet the famous singer.他希望与这位著名歌手的见面。‎ ‎7.(P34,2d,2行)have a discussion (about sth):讨论（某物）‎ They had a discussion about the movie yesterday昨天他们讨论了这部电影。‎ ‎8.(P34,2d,倒数5行)favorite (形容词，最喜爱的)= like…best My favorite shows are talk shows.我最喜欢的节目是谈话节目。=I like talk shows best.‎ ‎9.(P34,2d,倒数2行)expect to do sth:期待做某事 The girl alaways expects to meet her favorite actor.这个女孩总是期待与他最喜欢的演员见面。‎ ‎10.(P37,2b,1段2行)think of认为，想起He often thinks of his teachers.他经常想起他的老师。‎ ‎11.(P37,2b,1段倒数2行)in the 1930s:在二十世纪三十年代（1930年至1939年）‎ in the 2010s:在二十一世纪10年代（2010年至2019年）‎ ‎12.(P37,2b,2段2行)one of +可数名词复数：…之一（该短语放在句首做主语时，后面的动词用单数形式）One of the students has an English dictionary.这些学生中一个人有英语字典。‎ ‎13.(P37,2b,2段3行)try to do sth:尽力做某事He tried to help the old man.他尽力帮助这老人。‎ try doing sth:试着做某事The boy tried riding a bicycle.这个孩子试着骑自行车。‎ ‎14.(P37,2b,2段3行)luck(名词，幸运,运气)—lucky(形容词,幸运的)--unlucky (形容词,不幸的)‎ ‎15.(P37,2b,2段5行)be ready to do sth乐意做某事 He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于助人。‎ 21‎ ‎16.(P37,2b,2段5行)try one＇s best （to do sth）:尽力（做某事）‎ He often tries his best to help me.他总是尽力帮助我。‎ ‎17.(P39，3a,3行)take one’s place：代替，替换 (take的过去式为took)‎ Our English teacher wasn＇t at school,Mr. Wang took her place to teach us English.我们英语老师不在学校，王老师代替她教我们英语。‎ 这是八年级上册英语课本主要知识、主要考点：单词、词组、习惯搭配和重要句型，只要熟练掌握、灵活运用，一般考试是没有问题。‎ 建议同学们经常听课本录音并跟读（利用mp3等用具）：每天至少听读三遍已学课本内容，预习两遍要新学内容。1、注意发音、升降调、轻重读、连读、失去爆破等等，并模仿语音语调；2练习语感、学会用英语思维。这些全靠自己熟读课本，形成英语语感而得到。你们有了很强的英语语感加上英语思维习惯，你们把题目念完就会知道答案。我们学习外语要遵循语言学习规律：听说领先，读写跟上；由从听说促进读写，读写促进理解（循序渐进要一个过程），有了一定学习基础，精读学生课本，泛读社会。以致（广泛阅读达到）融会贯通。以不变的基础应对万变的题型，这才是把学习变简单、变轻松的有效方法。否则，你的学习方法就需要改变。‎ Unit6 Im going to study computer science.‎ 本单元的话题：谈论自己将来的计划或打算。‎ 本单元的语法：学习一般将来时be going to do sth。‎ be going to + 动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。‎ I am going to visit my grandparents this Sunday.这个星期天我打算去看望我的爷爷奶奶。‎ Are you going to play basketball with me tomorrow?你打算明天和我一起打篮球吗？‎ What are you going to do when you grow up?你长大了打算干什么？‎ 肯定句：主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他。‎ He is going to take the bus there.他打算乘坐公交车去那里。‎ 否定句：主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 ‎ I’m not going to see my friends this weekend.这个周末我不打算渴望我的朋友。‎ 一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他 肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + be. 否定回答： No, 主语 + be not.‎ Are you going to see your friends this weekend? Yes ,I am. / No, I’m not.‎ 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？‎ 21‎ What is he going to do this weekend? 这个周末他打算干什么？ ‎ 本单元的短语和知识点：‎ ‎1.(P41，1a)词性转换：science (名词，科学)—scientist（名词，科学家）‎ violin（名词，小提琴）--violinst（名词，小提琴家）piano（名词，钢琴）-- pianist（名词，钢琴家）‎ ‎2.(P41，1c)grow up成长，长大 ‎3.(P42，2d,3行)be good at+名词代词动词+ing:擅长… (math为名词，speak为动词)‎ He is good at math,but he isn’t good at speaking English.他擅长数学，但是不擅长说英语。‎ ‎4.(P42，2d,8行)keep on doing sth: 继续做某事 He still keeps on learning English.他仍然继续学习英语。‎ ‎5.(P42，2d,10行)be sure about:确信，对…有把握 His mother isn’t sure about his study.他的妈妈对他的学习没有把握。‎ ‎6. (P43，语法表格3行) move to +地点：搬（家）到某地 He moved to Beijing last year.去年他搬家到北京。‎ ‎7. (P43，3a,c行h行)take singingacting lessons上歌唱课上表演课=have singingacting lessons ‎8. (P43，3c,4行) send sb sth = send sth to sb寄送给某人某物 His grandfather often sends him money.他的爷爷经常给他寄钱。‎ ‎= His grandfather often sends money to him.‎ ‎9. (P44,1a) learn to do sth学会做某事 He learned to cook when he was five years old.他五岁学会做饭。‎ ‎10. (P44,1a) play the piano弹钢琴 make the soccer team组建足球队 get good grades取得好的成绩eat healthier food吃更健康的食品 get lots of exercise进行大量锻炼 ‎11.(P44,1b) foreign language外国语言 ‎ ‎12. (P44,1e) study hard努力学习We must study English hard.我们必须努力学习英语。‎ ‎13. (P45,2b,1段3行)most of the time大多数时间 ‎14. .(P45,2b,右上角) the meaning of： …的意思/含义 He didn't know the meaning of the word.他不知道这个单词的意思。‎ Can you tell me the meaning of the word “TV”?你能告诉我TV这个单词的意思吗？‎ ‎15.(P45,2b,1段)make promises许诺，‎ 21‎ get back from+地点：从…回来He will get back from Beijing in 3 days.三天后他将从北京回来。‎ at the beginning of 在…开始的时候, write down写下/记下，‎ ‎16. (P45,2b,1段倒数3行)help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事 ‎ help sb with sth在某方面帮助某人 （两个句型常常可以互换）‎ He often helps me (to) study English.他经常帮助我学习英语。‎ ‎= He often helps me with my English.他经常在英语上帮助我。‎ ‎17. (P45,2b,2段1行)different kinds of不同种类的have to do with关于，与…有关系,take up开始从事 ‎18. (P45,2b,3段1行)although(虽然，即使)在句子中不能与but连用，但是可以与yet ,still 连用。 ‎ Although he is old ,he is quite strong .他虽然年龄大了，但身体很健壮。‎ Although it is dark ,they are still working .虽然天黑了，但他们仍在工作。‎ ‎19. (P45,2b,3段2行)hardly ever 几乎不 ‎20. (P45,2b,3段2行) too+形容词+to do sth：太…以至于不能…‎ so+形容词+that+句子：如此…以至于…‎ 形容词+enough to do sth：足够…能够做某事（注意三个句型有时可以互相转换） ‎ He is so young that he can′t go to school.他如此年轻以至于不能去上学。 ‎ ‎= He is too young to go to school.他太年轻了以至于不能去上学。‎ ‎= He isn′t old enough to go to school.‎ ‎21. (P45,2b,3段5行) for this reason为此 ‎22.（P47,3a,2段4行）make sb+形容词：让某人怎么样 The good news made us happy.这个好消息让我们非常高兴。（注意：news为不可数名词）‎ ‎23.（P47,33,3段）how to do better at school为“疑问词+不定式”即“疑问词+to do sth”‎ He didn’t know when to start.他不知道什么时候开始。 ‎ ‎24.（P48,self check,2）go to university去上大学 Unit 7 Will people have robots?‎ 本单元的话题：谈论对未来的语言，学习一般将来时will do sth。‎ 本单元的语法：学习一般将来时will do sth。‎ 21‎ 一般将来时由“助动词will / shall + 动词原型”构成，表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如tomorrow、next week，in 2 days(2天之后)等连用。（Shall用于第一人称，will可以用于各种人称。） (will not= won’t)‎ ‎ 例如：We will visit the old man next week.下周我们将要看望这位老人。‎ She will finish the work in 2 weeks.她将在两周后完成这项工作。‎ 一般疑问句：把肯定句中的will 提到句首即可。以上两句的一般疑问句为：‎ Will you visit the old man next week? Yes,we will.No, we won’t . ‎ Will she finish the work in 2 weeks? Yes,she will.No, she won’t .‎ 否定句：把肯定句中的will 变为won’t即可。以上两句的否定句为：‎ We won’t visit the old man next week. She won’t finish the work in 2 weeks.‎ 本单元的短语和知识点：‎ ‎1.（P49,图片）There be结构：There be(is/are/was/were)+某物/某人+某地/某时 ‎“There be结构”的一般现在时：There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时 ‎ There are 600 students in our school.在我们学校有600个学生。‎ 一般过去时：There was/were+某物/某人+某地/某时 There was a school ten years ago. 10年前这里有所学校。‎ 一般将来时：There will be+某物/某人+某地/某时.= There is going to be+某物/某人+某地/某时. There will be a sport meeting next week.‎ ‎=There is going to be a sport meeting next weeek.下周将有场运动会。‎ ‎2.（P49,1a）on computers在电脑上, on paper在纸上 ‎3.（P50,2a）a few +可数名词复数：有一些、有几个 a little +不可数名词：有一些 ‎ few +可数名词复数：几乎没有（表示否定） little+不可数名词：几乎没有（表示否定）‎ ‎ many+可数名词复数：很多，许多 few 的比较级是fewer ,little的比较级是less ‎ ‎ much+不可数名词：很多，许多 manymuch的比较级都是more ‎ There will be less polution in the future.在未来将会有更少的污染。（polution为不可数名词）‎ We should plant more trees.我们应该种更多的树。（tree为可数名词）‎ There will be fewer cars in the future.在未来将会有更少的汽车。（car为可数名词）‎ ‎4.（P50,2d）in（great）danger在（极度）危险中on the earth在地球上save the earth拯救地球 ‎5.（P50,2d）play a part (in doing sth):参与（做某事）‎ We should play a part in planting trees every year.每年我们应该参与植树。‎ 21‎ ‎6.（P51,语法表格2行）in+一段时间：在…之后（多用于一般将来时）‎ He will come back in 2 days.两天之后他将回来。→How soon will he come back?多久他将回来？‎ ‎7.（P53,2b,1段2行）help with sth在某方面帮忙 He often helps with housework at home.他经常在家帮助做家务。‎ ‎8.（P53,2b,2段1行）Today there are already robots working in factories.现在有许多机器人正在工厂里工作。‎ 句型 There isare sb doing sth.有某人正在做某事。 There is a cat eating fish.有只猫正在吃鱼。‎ ‎9.（P53,2b,3段1行）make sb do sth:让某人做某事 My mother often makes me clean my room.我的妈妈经常让我打扫我的房间。‎ ‎10.（P53,2b,4段2行）hundreds of+名词：成百上千的…，许多…（表示模糊数字）‎ 数字+ hundred +名词：几百…（表示具体数字）‎ He has hundreds of book.他有很多书。He bought two hundred books.他买了二百本书。‎ ‎11.（P53,2b,4段7行）seem to do sth:好像做某事I seem to know him.我好像认识他。‎ seem (to be)+形容词:好像怎么样 He seems （to be） angry.他好像生气了。‎ ‎12.（P54,2d,4行）at some point: 在某些方面 ‎ ‎13.（P55,3a,4行）free time空闲时间 in one’s free time在某人空闲时间 He often studies English in his free time.他经常在空闲时间学习英语。‎ Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?‎ 本单元的话题：描述做事情的顺序和过程。（First首先,Next下面,Then然后,Finally最后）‎ 本单元的语法：复习一般现在时。‎ 本单元的短语和知识点：‎ ‎1(P57,1a) turn on打开 turn up调大 ‎ turn off关上 turn down调小 Please turn on the lights.请打开灯。‎ My father is sleeping,please turn down the radio.爸爸正在睡觉，请把收音机声音调小。‎ ‎2. (P58,2a) How many+可数名词复数：多少…‎ ‎ How much+不可数名词：多少…‎ He has eight books.他有八本书。→How many books does he have?他有多少本书？‎ How much water does he need?他需要多少水？‎ 21‎ ‎3. (P58,2a) 量词的用法：不可数名词常用“数字+量词+不可数名词”来表示。如：‎ a piece of bread一片面包 比较：two pieces of bread两片面包（bread为不可数名词）‎ a glass of orange 一玻璃杯橘子汁 one spoon of butter 一勺黄油 ‎4.（P58,2d）说明做某事的顺序为：‎ First…首先，Next…下面，Then…然后，Finally…最后 ‎5.（P58,2d末行）one more thing = another one thing ‎ 基数词 + more + 名词 = another + 基数词 + 名词：又多少某物 He ate an apple,he wanted to eat two more apples.他吃了一个苹果，还想再吃两个。‎ ‎6.(P59，3c)Do you know how to plant trees?你知道如何种树吗？‎ how to do sth.怎样做某事 （疑问词后跟动词须加to,即“疑问词 to do sth”）‎ He doesn’t know how to turn on the computer.他不知道如何打开电脑。‎ ‎7.（P61,2b,4行）It’s time (for sb) to do sth是某人该做某事的时间了。‎ It’s time for us to have lunch.是我们该吃午饭的时候了。‎ It’s time for sth是该做某事的时间了。It’s time for the class.是该上课的时候了。‎ ‎8.（P61,2b,1段倒数3行）by doing sth：通过…方式 He learned English by listening to the radio.它通过听收音机学习英语。‎ ‎9.（P61,2b,2段）fill…with… 用…装满， cover…with… 用…盖住 ‎10.（P63，3a,3行）need to do sth:需要做某事He needs to buy a new pen.他需要买一枝新钢笔。‎ Unit 9 Can you come to my party?‎ 本单元的话题：学会发出、接受或拒绝邀请。 本单元的语法：复习情态动词。‎ 本单元的短语和知识点：‎ ‎1.（P65,图片）on Saturday afternoon 在星期六下午，在具体哪一天的是上午、下午或晚上用on,例如：on Sunday evening在星期天的晚上 ‎2.（P65,图片）have to 必须（后跟动词原形）He has to get up early.他必须早起。→（一般疑问句）Does he get up early? Yes,he does.No,he doesn’t.‎ ‎（否定句）He doesn’t have to get up early.他没有必要早起。‎ ‎3.（P65,图片）How about +名词代词V•ing: …怎么样？（用来征询意见或提出建议）‎ How about=What about I like apples，how about you?我喜欢苹果，你呢？（you为代词）‎ How about going shopping this afternoon?今天下午去购物怎么样？（go为动词）‎ ‎4. （P65,图片）sth=want sth 想要某物Jim would like a new pen .吉姆香要一支钢笔。‎ 21‎ ‎ Would like to do sth=want to do sth想做某事He’d like to watch TV.‎ Would you like to do sth ? 你愿意做...？（用来提出建议或征求对方意见）‎ ‎------would you like to go shopping with me ? 你想和我一起去买东西吗？ ‎ ‎------Yes,I’d love to ，but I’m doing my homework.我想去,但是我现在正在做家庭作业。‎ ‎(=Sorry, I’m doing my homework.非常抱歉，我正在做家庭作业。)‎ ‎5.（P65,1a）prepare for sth为…做准备 They are preparing for the work.他们正在为这项工作做准备。‎ ‎6.（P65,1a）go to the doctor去看病have the flu 患流感help my parents给父母帮忙 ‎7.（P66,2c）too much+不可数名词：许多，很多He has too much homework to do.他有很多家庭作业要做。‎ too many+可数名词复数:许多，很多They bought too many books yesterday.昨天他买了很多书。 ‎ much too+形容词副词：太…，非常… His father is much too busy.他爸爸非常忙。‎ ‎8.（P66,2d,8行）have an exam考试 ‎9.（P66,2d,倒数3行）until 的用法:<1>若动词为延续性动词则用肯定句式 He studied until 21:00pm.他一直学习到晚上九点。‎ ‎<2>若动词为非延续性动词，则用not….until….（直到。。。。才。。。。）‎ He didn’t go to bed until his father came back.他一直到他爸爸回来才上床睡觉。‎ ‎10.（P67,语法表格）study for a math test为数学考试做准备go to the party参加聚会 ‎11.（P68,1c）What’s today?今天几号？Its Monday,the 14th.今天星期一，十四号。‎ 补充：what day is it today?今天星期几？ it’s Monday今天星期一。‎ ‎ What’s the date today?今天几月几日？It’s October 20th .今天10月20日。‎ ‎12.（P68,1d）go to the doctor去看病 have a piano lesson上钢琴课 ‎ ‎13.（P68,1d）look after 照看，照料 = take care of ‎ She is old to look after his brother她足够大了能够照看她的弟弟。‎ take good care of =look after…well好好照顾，好好照料 We should take good care of the children.‎ ‎= We should look after the children well.我们应该好好照料儿童。‎ ‎14.（P69,2d）accept an invitation 接受邀请 make an invitation发出邀请 ‎ ‎ turn down an invitation拒绝邀请 ‎15.（P69,2d，1段1行）感叹句的类型：‎ ‎⑴ What a∕an+adj+可数名词单数 （+主语+谓语）！‎ 21‎ ‎ What +adj+可数名词复数∕不可数名词 （+主语+谓语）！‎ What a fine day (it is) !多么好的天啊！ （day为可数名词单数） ‎ What an interesting book it is !多么有趣的一本书啊！（book为可数名词单数）‎ What beautiful flowers they are !多么漂亮的花啊！ （flowers为可数名词复数）‎ What bad weather it is!多么糟糕的天气啊！（weather为不可数名词）‎ ‎⑵ How +adj +主语+（谓语中的）系动词！‎ ‎ How +adv +主语+（谓语中的）实义动词！‎ How happy I am!我多麽高兴啊！ （happy为adj,am为系动词）‎ How hard they are working !他们工作多么努力啊！（hard为adv,work为实义动词）‎ 点拨：陈述句改为感叹句，可以采用“一判、二定、三移”。‎ 一判：是判断出陈述句谓语动词后的中心词的词性（adj∕adv∕n）；‎ 二定：是根据判断出来的结果来确定引导词（中心词为名词用What；中心词为形容词或副词用How；）‎ 三移：就是把主语和谓语移到后面。 ‎ 注意：在感叹句中，不得出现so,very，very much等表示程度的单词。‎ ‎ 例如：①Our school is beautiful .‎ 一判：beautiful为形容词；二定：beautiful为形容词，用How 来引导；三移：把Our school is移到How beautiful后面，即为感叹句How beautiful our school is!‎ ‎②He is a clever boy.‎ 一判：boy为名词；二定：boy为名词，用What来引导；三移：把He is移到What a clever boy 后面，即为感叹句What a clever boy he is!‎ ‎③He studies English well.‎ 一判：well为副词；二定：well为副词，用How 来引导；三移：把He studies移到How well后面，即为感叹句How well he studies!‎ 练习：将下列句子变为感叹句。①The room is very bright. ‎ ‎ ② We live a happy life today. ③It is a nice present. ‎ ‎ ④This is difficult problem. ⑤She played the piano wonderfully.‎ 答案：①How bright the room is! ②What a happy life we live today. ③What a nice present it is!④What a difficult problem this is! ⑤How wonderfully she played the piano ！‎ ‎16.（P69,2d，1段2行）the (best) way to do sth:做某事的（最好）方法 The best way to learn English学习英语的最好方法 21‎ ‎17.（P69,2d，2段1行）thanks for+名词V•ing:为什么而感谢 Thanks for your invitation.谢谢你的邀请。（invitation为名词）‎ Thanks for helping me.谢谢你帮助我。（help为动词）‎ ‎18.（P69,2d，2段2行）take a trip参加郊游，at the end of this month在本月底 ‎19.（P69,2d，3段2行）go back to+地点：回到某地 He will go back to Beijing in 2 days.两天后他将回北京。‎ ‎20.（P69,2d，3段3行）have a surprise party for sb为某人举办一个惊喜的晚会 ‎21.（P69,2d，3段倒数3行）without+名词代词 V•ing：没有…‎ He can’t finish the work without our help.没有我们的帮助，他不能够完成这项工作。（help为名词）‎ He went to school without having breakfast.他没有吃早饭就去上学。（have为动词）‎ ‎23.（P69,2d，3段倒数2行）so that作“为了”时，引导目的状语从句，从句常出现情态动词。如：She got up early so that she could catch the bus.为了能赶上车，她起得很早。‎ ‎24.（P69,2d，末段倒数2行）look forward to +名词代词V.ing：期待，盼望 I’m looking forward to buying a new car.我盼望着买辆新车。（buy为动词） ‎ The students are looking forward to an English party.学生们正盼望着一个英语晚会。‎ ‎25.（P69,2d，末段倒数2行）hear from sb.收到某人的来信 = receive a letter from sb.‎ He often hears from his brother他经常收到他弟弟的来信。‎ ‎26.（P70,2d末行）make it 在约定的时间内到达，能够来 = arrive in time; ‎ ‎ I’m glad you could make it.我非常高兴你能够按时来。‎ ‎27.（P71,3a,1行）the opening of… ：开幕/开业 ‎28.（P71,3a,2行）在具体哪一天的上午、下午、晚上用on,比较：‎ in the morning在早晨 on Sunday morning在星期天的早晨 ‎29.（P71,3a,5行）invite sb to +地点:邀请某人去某地（invite -- invitation ）‎ We invited a scientist to our school last week.上周我们邀请一位科学家到我们学校。‎ invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事I invited him to sing.我邀请去唱歌。‎ ‎30.（P71,3a,6行）reply in writing 写回信 ‎31.（P71,3a,5）reply to sth / sb：回答某事/回答某人 ‎32.（P72,4）go shopping 购物，do homework做家庭作业 ‎33.（P72,self check）go to the concert参加音乐会 ‎ 21‎ Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!‎ 本单元的话题：谈论事情可能的结果。 。‎ 本单元的语法：在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来——即主将从现。‎ If you go to the party, we will have a great time 从句（一般现在时） (主句一般将来时)‎ 解释：在条件状语从句，时间状语从句中，若主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来-------简称主将从现 If it is fine tomorrow,I’ll visit shanghai ‎ ‎ 区分:宾语从句若主句为一般现在时，从句可以根据需要用任何时态 I think I”ll finish the work in 2 days. 我认为我在两天内将完成这项工作。‎ 主句（一般现在时） 宾语从句 ‎ 填空：I think she (come)here tomorrow. If he (come )here,I (call)you.‎ 本单元的短语和知识点：‎ ‎1.（P73,图片）have a great /good time 玩的开心 ‎2.（P73,1a）stay at home呆在家里take the bus乘公交车，go to the party参加晚会 ‎3.（P73,1c）tomorrow night明天晚上 ‎4.（P74,2a）talk about sth谈论某事have a class party开班级晚会have a class meeting 开班会 ‎5.（P74,2a）疑问词+to do sth He didn’t know where to go.他不知道去哪里。‎ ‎(常用的疑问词有：who,what,where,when,why,how—简单记忆为：5 w 1 h)‎ ‎6.（P74,2a）plan to do sth计划做某They are planning to go shopping.他们正在计划购物。 7.（P74,2b）half the class 全班一半人,make some food 做食物 ‎8.（P74,2d,1行）ask sb. to do sth 请某人做某事 My parents often ask me to study hard.我的父母亲经常要我努力学习。‎ ask sb. not to do sth 请某人不要做某事 My techer often asks us not to be late.我的老师要我们不要迟到。‎ ‎9.（P74,2d,3行，4行）order food 预定食物 potato chips薯条 ‎10.（P74,2d,5行）too+形容词+to do sth：太…以至于不能…‎ so+形容词+that+句子：如此…以至于…‎ 形容词+enough to do sth：足够…能够做某事（注意三个句型常常可以互换转换）‎ He is so young that he can′t go to school.他如此年轻以至于不能去上学。 ‎ 21‎ ‎= He is too young to go to school.他太年轻了以至于不能去上学。‎ ‎= He isn′t old enough to go to school.‎ ‎11.（P75,3a,4行）tell sb. to do sth 高速某人做某事 My parents often tell me to get up early.我的父母亲经常告诉我早起。‎ tell sb. not to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事 My techer often tells us not to play computer games.我的老师经常告诉我们不要玩电子游戏。‎ ‎12.（P75,3a,末行）give sb some advice给某人建议/劝告 （adivce为不可数名词）‎ ‎13.（P76,1a）travel around the world 周游世界, go to college 上大学，‎ make（a lot of）money 挣钱, get an education接受教育 ，‎ ‎14.（P76,1c）work hard 努力工作，a soccer player 一个足球运动员 ‎15.（P77,2b）talk to sb.与某人谈话，keep…to oneself 把…留给自己/独处 ‎16.（P77,2b,1段2行）have problems with sth:在某方面有困难 have problems （in）doing sth:做方面有困难 （2个句型常常可以互换）‎ She has problems with English.她在学习英语方面有困难。‎ ‎= She has problems （in） learning English.她学习英语有困难。‎ ‎17.（P77,2b,1段8行）unless=if…not如果…不 Unless it is sunny tomorrow,I won’t go shopping.如果明天不是晴天，我将不去购物。‎ ‎=If it isn’t sunny tomorrow,I won’t go shopping. ‎ ‎18.（P77,2b,2段1行）be afraid to do sth:不敢做某事 He is afraid to talk in public.他不敢当众讲话。‎ be afraid of sth:害怕某物The boy is afraid of dogs.这个男孩害怕狗。‎ ‎19.（P77,2b,2段1行）tell sb about sth:告诉某人某事 My mother often tells me about my grandfather.我妈妈经常告诉我爷爷的事。‎ ‎20.（P77,2b,2段3行）keep doing sth:一直做某事He is keeping writing letters.他一直在写信。‎ ‎21.（P77,2b,2段4行）be angry with sb生某人的气He is angry with his son.他在生他儿子的气。‎ be angry aboutat sth 因某事而生气He is angry aboutat his work.他因为工作生气。‎ ‎22.（P77,2b,2段5行）make mistakes犯错误 ‎23.（P77,2b,2段6行）remember to do sth记着去做某事（事情还未做）‎ remember doing sth记着已经做过某事（事情做完，但是还记着）‎ 21‎ Please remember to close the door when you leave.当你离开的时候记着关上门。（门还未关）.‎ He remembered closing the door.他记着已经关上门了。（门已经关上）‎ ‎24.（P77,2b,3段1行）advise sb to do sth劝说某人做某事 My mother often advices me to study hard.我的妈妈经常劝说我努力学习。‎ ‎25.（P77,2b,3段2行）It’s best (not)to do sth. 最好（不要）做某事 It’s best not to play computer games.最好别玩电子游戏。‎ ‎26.（P77,2b,3段2行）run away from逃避Don’t run away from your problems.不要逃避你的问题。‎ ‎27.（P77,2b,3段3行）try to do sth试着去做某事 ‎28.（P77,2b,3段6行）in half 成半 29.（P77,2b,3段7行）solve a problem解决难题 ‎30.（P78,2d,8行）agree with sb:同意某人（的看法、意见、观点等）‎ Do you agree with me?你同意我的观点吗？‎ ‎31.（P80,2b,4）old people’s home 敬老院，school clean-up学校大扫除 ‎32.（P80,self check,1,3）worry about :担心 My parents often worry about my study.我的父母亲经常担心我的学习。‎ 21‎