初二上册英语 13页

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  • 2021-10-12 发布

初二上册英语

  • 13页
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初二上册英语 初中英语八年级上册各单元语法超详细汇总 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ 不定代词:不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。‎ 用法注意:‎ ‎1. some 和any +可数名/不可数名。‎ some 多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句 。有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。‎ ‎2. 由some, any, no, every 与 body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时,其谓语动词用三单。‎ ‎3. 不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要置于其后:如:something interesting Unit2 How often do you exercise?‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ ‎1. 频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never 频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。‎ ‎2.“次数”的表达方法 一次 once, 两次twice,三次或三次以上:基数词+ times, 如:three times, five times,‎ ‎3. how often“多久一次”问频率,回答常含有频率词组或短语。‎ 常见的how疑问词:‎ ‎1)How soon 多久(以后)‎ ‎—How soon will he be back?他多久能回来?‎ ‎—He will be back in a month. 他一个月后能回来。‎ ‎2)how long “多久”‎ ‎—How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久?‎ ‎—It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。‎ ‎3)How many+名复 How much+不可名 ‎“多少” 问数量(how much 还可问价格)‎ Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ ‎1. 形容词和副词的比较等级 ‎(1)形容词和副词的原形就是原级 ‎(2)比较级,表示较……或更……‎ ‎(3)最高级, 表示最...。‎ ‎2. 比较级句型: ‎ ‎(1)A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “A比B更……”(注意:A与B必须是同级的,即必须是人与人,物与物进行对比)‎ ‎(2)“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A比B…”‎ ‎(3)比较A ,B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较…...时用句型:‎ ‎“Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级,A or B ?”‎ Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?‎ ‎3. 比较级的特殊用法 ‎(1)“比较级+and+比较级”,意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+原级”‎ ‎(2)“the+比较级(…), the+比较级(…)”意思是:”越…越…”The more, the better.‎ ‎(3)主+ is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较......的”‎ ‎4. 两者在某一方面相同:A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B.‎ Helen is as tall as Amy.‎ Peter studies as hard as Tom.‎ 表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时,用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”‎ I am not as tall as my sister.‎ ‎5. 形容词,副词比较级前的修饰语。‎ 当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时,可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。‎ Unit4 What’s the best movie theater?‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ ‎1. 形容词最高级: 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。‎ 标志词:表比较范围时用in/of 形容词最高级前须加定冠词the,副词最高级前可省略the。‎ ‎2. 表示“三者(或以上)中最……的”的句型 ‎1)A + be + the 形容词最高级 + 表示范围(in/of介词短语)‎ ‎2)A + 实意动词 + (the) 副词最高级 + 表示范围的of/in介词短语 ‎ ‎3. 常用句式 ‎1) Who/ Which…+ 最高级…, A, B or C ?‎ ‎2) one of +the +形容词最高级 +名词复数形式,  意为“最…之一”。‎ ‎3)序数词后跟形容词最高级 Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ ‎1. 询问某人对某物的观点及看法:What do you think of …?=How do you like…?‎ ‎2. 描述喜好I love/ like/ don’t mind/dislike/can’t stand…‎ ‎3. 复习巩固一般现在时态:主语+V+其他;主语(三单)+V(三单)+其他)‎ Unit6  I’m going to study computer science.‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ 一般将来时“am/is/are going to +动词原形”结构 ‎1. 基本形式 否定式:am/is/are not going to +动词原形 一般疑问式:am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他?‎ 特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?‎ He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。‎ Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。‎ Is he going to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集数据吗?‎ What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么?‎ ‎ 2. 基本用法 ‎(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。‎ Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. ‎ 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。‎ ‎(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测。‎ Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. ‎ 瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。‎ Unit7 Will people have robots?‎ ‎【重点词语/短语用法解析】‎ ‎1. many+可数名词  许多......‎ much +不可数名词  许多......‎ ‎2. live to be+基数词 + years old“活到...…岁”‎ ‎3. be in great danger 处在极大的危险中 ‎4. play a part in +名/代/V-ing. 参与某事/做某事 Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.‎ ‎5. help (sb.) with sth. 帮助(某人)做某事 He often helps me with my English.    ‎ help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助(某人)做……  ‎ He often helps me study English.‎ help oneself ( to ) 自用(食物等)    ‎ Help yourself to the fish.  请随便吃鱼 ‎6. the same as… 和……一样......  反义短语:be different from   ‎ ‎7.  It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 某人花了……时间做某事(时态根据具体情况决定)   ‎ It takes me an hour to get to my office.    ‎ spend time/money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)‎ sb. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。‎ I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我个小时。‎ They spent two years building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。‎ ‎8. hundreds of + 名词复数   许多/大量...... ‎ 数词+hundred + 名词复数  几百......‎ 类似的数词还有thousand(千) ,  million(万)‎ There are four hundred students in our grade.‎ There are hundreds of tourists in Beijing every year.‎ ‎9. during  在…期间 ‎ during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend ‎10. the meaning of  …...的意思 Can you tell me the meaning of the words?‎ Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?‎ ‎【重点词语/短语用法解析】‎ ‎1. cut是“切, 割”的意思,过去式为cut。‎ cut up 意为“切碎”‎ Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up.       ‎ Cut it /them up.‎ ‎2. turn on 打开, 接通(电流、煤气、水等)  ‎ turn off 关掉, 截断(电流、煤气、水等)‎ turn up 开大, 调高(音量、热量等)     ‎ turn down 调低, 关小(音量、热量等)‎ ‎3. one more thing 另外一件事情      ‎ another ten minutes 再多十分钟 数字+ more + 物品  指“另外的……‎ another + 数字 + 物品  指“另外的……‎ 当数字为one时,常与more连用或只用 another。‎ Give me two more hamburgers?‎ another two hamburgers ‎4. forget to do sth. 忘记(去)做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事。‎ ‎5. It’s a time (for sb). to do sth.  该是(某人)做某事的时期了 It’s time (for sb.)to do sth. =It’s time for sth. 该是(某人)做某事的时间了。‎ It’s a time for you to study English.‎ It’s time for us to go to school.(It’s time for school.)‎ ‎6. give thanks for +名/代V-ing “感恩...…”‎ We should give thanks for our parents.‎ He gave thanks for life and food.‎ ‎7. Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal.‎ by +sth./doing :‎ ‎1)以…...方式 I study English by listening to English songs.‎ ‎2)在...…的旁边 I am sitting by the pool.     ‎ ‎3)在...…之前 I have to go to school by 8:00.  ‎ ‎4)搭乘 I go to school by bus.‎ ‎8. Here is +名单(宾语) “这是…” 是倒装句 Here is a photo of my family.‎ Here are+名复                          ‎ Here are some English books.‎ 当宾语是代词时,要用顺装。如:Here you are.(对)  Here are you.(错)‎ ‎9. fill sth. with sth. 用...…把…...装满 (强调动作)‎ be full of“装满…”(强调状态)‎ I filled the cup with the milk.   ‎ The cup is full of the milk.‎ ‎10. put…in(into)… 把…...放到...… 里 ‎11. cover…with… 用…...覆盖 ‎12. cut …into 把…...切成...… Cut the apple into four pieces.‎ cut up… 切碎 ‎13. serve v. 服务  n. service serve +名/代 “提供…” The shop serves nice food.‎ serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb.  Serve it to your friends with some vegetables.‎ serve sb. with sth. “用某物招待某人” Serve the guests with some tea.‎ Unit9 Can you come to my party?‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ 一. 表示邀请的句型 ‎1. Can/Could you…(come to my party)?‎ ‎2. Would you like to..( Would you like to my party)?‎ 接受:Sure/Yes/Of course, I’d love/like to.‎ 拒绝::① I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to/must+V原 (陈述理由 )‎ ‎② I’d love/like to, but I … (理由)   ‎ ‎3.I’m afraid not. I…(理由)‎ 二. must与have to ‎1. must 表示主观“必须”;must 表示“主观上的要求”,无人称和时态的变化,否定回答: needn’t 或 don't have to (不必)。mustn’t 表示“禁止”.‎ ‎2. have to表客观需要,有人称和时态变化,否: don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to (没必要)‎ ‎—Must I be home before eight o’clock?  8点之前我必须回家吗?‎ ‎—Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to.‎ Unit10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ if条件句 if条件句:条件句用于陈述语气,表示假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是“如果”的意思,引导条件状语从句,if从句用一般现在时,主句则用一般将来时。‎ 注意:在与if条件句连用的主句中我们一般用will 表示将来时,而不用be going to 表示将来时。‎ PS:在when(当…时候), after, before 等引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句为一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)。‎ 如:I will call you when I reach Canada. 我一到加拿大就给你打电话。‎