初二上册英语 13页

初二上册英语 初中英语八年级上册各单元语法超详细汇总 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ 不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。‎ 用法注意：‎ ‎1. some 和any +可数名/不可数名。‎ some 多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句 。有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。‎ ‎2. 由some, any, no, every 与 body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用三单。‎ ‎3. 不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后：如：something interesting Unit2 How often do you exercise?‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ ‎1. 频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never 频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。‎ ‎2.“次数”的表达方法 一次 once， 两次twice，三次或三次以上：基数词+ times, 如：three times, five times,‎ ‎3. how often“多久一次”问频率，回答常含有频率词组或短语。‎ 常见的how疑问词：‎ ‎1）How soon 多久（以后）‎ ‎—How soon will he be back?他多久能回来？‎ ‎—He will be back in a month. 他一个月后能回来。‎ ‎2）how long “多久”‎ ‎—How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久？‎ ‎—It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。‎ ‎3）How many+名复 How much+不可名 ‎“多少” 问数量（how much 还可问价格）‎ Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ ‎1. 形容词和副词的比较等级 ‎（1）形容词和副词的原形就是原级 ‎（2）比较级，表示较……或更……‎ ‎（3）最高级， 表示最...。‎ ‎2. 比较级句型: ‎ ‎（1）A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “A比B更……”（注意：A与B必须是同级的，即必须是人与人，物与物进行对比）‎ ‎（2）“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A比B…”‎ ‎（3）比较A ，B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较…...时用句型：‎ ‎“Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级，A or B ?”‎ Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?‎ ‎3. 比较级的特殊用法 ‎（1）“比较级+and+比较级”，意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+原级”‎ ‎（2）“the+比较级(…), the+比较级(…)”意思是：”越…越…”The more, the better.‎ ‎（3）主+ is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较......的”‎ ‎4. 两者在某一方面相同：A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B.‎ Helen is as tall as Amy.‎ Peter studies as hard as Tom.‎ 表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时，用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”‎ I am not as tall as my sister.‎ ‎5. 形容词，副词比较级前的修饰语。‎ 当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。‎ Unit4 What’s the best movie theater?‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ ‎1. 形容词最高级： 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。‎ 标志词：表比较范围时用in/of 形容词最高级前须加定冠词the，副词最高级前可省略the。‎ ‎2. 表示“三者（或以上）中最……的”的句型 ‎1）A + be + the 形容词最高级 + 表示范围（in/of介词短语）‎ ‎2）A + 实意动词 + (the) 副词最高级 + 表示范围的of/in介词短语 ‎ ‎3. 常用句式 ‎1) Who/ Which…+ 最高级…, A, B or C ?‎ ‎2) one of +the +形容词最高级 +名词复数形式,  意为“最…之一”。‎ ‎3）序数词后跟形容词最高级 Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ ‎1. 询问某人对某物的观点及看法：What do you think of …?=How do you like…?‎ ‎2. 描述喜好I love/ like/ don’t mind/dislike/can’t stand…‎ ‎3. 复习巩固一般现在时态：主语+V+其他；主语（三单）+V(三单)+其他)‎ Unit6  I’m going to study computer science.‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ 一般将来时“am/is/are going to +动词原形”结构 ‎1. 基本形式 否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形 一般疑问式：am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他？‎ 特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？‎ He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。‎ Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。‎ Is he going to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集数据吗？‎ What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么？‎ ‎ 2. 基本用法 ‎（1）表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。‎ Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. ‎ 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。‎ ‎（2）表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。‎ Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. ‎ 瞧！乌云密集。天要下雨了。‎ Unit7 Will people have robots?‎ ‎【重点词语/短语用法解析】‎ ‎1. many+可数名词  许多......‎ much +不可数名词  许多......‎ ‎2. live to be+基数词 + years old“活到...…岁”‎ ‎3. be in great danger 处在极大的危险中 ‎4. play a part in +名/代/V-ing. 参与某事/做某事 Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.‎ ‎5. help (sb.) with sth. 帮助（某人）做某事 He often helps me with my English.    ‎ help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助（某人）做……  ‎ He often helps me study English.‎ help oneself ( to ) 自用(食物等)    ‎ Help yourself to the fish.  请随便吃鱼 ‎6. the same as… 和……一样......  反义短语：be different from   ‎ ‎7.  It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 某人花了……时间做某事(时态根据具体情况决定）   ‎ It takes me an hour to get to my office.    ‎ spend time／money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）‎ sb. spend time／money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。‎ I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我个小时。‎ They spent two years building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。‎ ‎8. hundreds of + 名词复数   许多/大量...... ‎ 数词+hundred + 名词复数  几百......‎ 类似的数词还有thousand（千） ,  million（万）‎ There are four hundred students in our grade.‎ There are hundreds of tourists in Beijing every year.‎ ‎9. during  在…期间 ‎ during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend ‎10. the meaning of  …...的意思 Can you tell me the meaning of the words?‎ Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?‎ ‎【重点词语/短语用法解析】‎ ‎1. cut是“切, 割”的意思，过去式为cut。‎ cut up 意为“切碎”‎ Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up.       ‎ Cut it /them up.‎ ‎2. turn on 打开, 接通(电流、煤气、水等)  ‎ turn off 关掉, 截断(电流、煤气、水等)‎ turn up 开大, 调高(音量、热量等)     ‎ turn down 调低, 关小(音量、热量等)‎ ‎3. one more thing 另外一件事情      ‎ another ten minutes 再多十分钟 数字+ more + 物品  指“另外的……‎ another + 数字 + 物品  指“另外的……‎ 当数字为one时，常与more连用或只用 another。‎ Give me two more hamburgers？‎ another two hamburgers ‎4. forget to do sth. 忘记（去）做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事。‎ ‎5. It’s a time （for sb）. to do sth.  该是（某人）做某事的时期了 It’s time （for sb.）to do sth. =It’s time for sth. 该是（某人）做某事的时间了。‎ It’s a time for you to study English.‎ It’s time for us to go to school.(It’s time for school.)‎ ‎6. give thanks for +名/代V-ing “感恩...…”‎ We should give thanks for our parents.‎ He gave thanks for life and food.‎ ‎7. Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal.‎ by +sth./doing :‎ ‎1）以…...方式 I study English by listening to English songs.‎ ‎2）在...…的旁边 I am sitting by the pool.     ‎ ‎3）在...…之前 I have to go to school by 8:00.  ‎ ‎4）搭乘 I go to school by bus.‎ ‎8. Here is +名单(宾语) “这是…” 是倒装句 Here is a photo of my family.‎ Here are+名复                          ‎ Here are some English books.‎ 当宾语是代词时，要用顺装。如：Here you are.(对)  Here are you.(错)‎ ‎9. fill sth. with sth. 用...…把…...装满 (强调动作)‎ be full of“装满…”(强调状态)‎ I filled the cup with the milk.   ‎ The cup is full of the milk.‎ ‎10. put…in(into)… 把…...放到...… 里 ‎11. cover…with… 用…...覆盖 ‎12. cut …into 把…...切成...… Cut the apple into four pieces.‎ cut up… 切碎 ‎13. serve v. 服务  n. service serve +名/代 “提供…” The shop serves nice food.‎ serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb.  Serve it to your friends with some vegetables.‎ serve sb. with sth. “用某物招待某人” Serve the guests with some tea.‎ Unit9 Can you come to my party?‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ 一. 表示邀请的句型 ‎1. Can/Could you…(come to my party)?‎ ‎2. Would you like to..( Would you like to my party)?‎ 接受：Sure/Yes/Of course, I’d love/like to.‎ 拒绝:：① I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to/must+V原 (陈述理由 )‎ ‎② I’d love/like to, but I … (理由)   ‎ ‎3.I’m afraid not. I…(理由)‎ 二. must与have to ‎1. must 表示主观“必须”；must 表示“主观上的要求”，无人称和时态的变化，否定回答: needn’t 或 don't have to (不必)。mustn’t 表示“禁止”.‎ ‎2. have to表客观需要，有人称和时态变化，否: don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to (没必要)‎ ‎—Must I be home before eight o’clock?  8点之前我必须回家吗？‎ ‎—Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to.‎ Unit10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ if条件句 if条件句：条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是“如果”的意思，引导条件状语从句，if从句用一般现在时，主句则用一般将来时。‎ 注意：在与if条件句连用的主句中我们一般用will 表示将来时，而不用be going to 表示将来时。‎ PS：在when（当…时候）, after, before 等引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句为一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来（主将从现）。‎ 如：I will call you when I reach Canada. 我一到加拿大就给你打电话。‎