人教初二英语上知识点与练习 4页

1. exercise 名词或动词 eg: Everyone should exercise once a day.‎ If we don't get more exercise ,we will get fat.‎ exercise作名词时，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，当作“锻炼、运动”时，为不可数名词，当表示一系列有规律的运动时作可数名词，作“练习题”讲时，也可用作可数名词。‎ eg: We do morning exercise every day.‎ 2. hardly 几乎不，几乎没有 eg:The twins hardly watch TV on weekdays.‎ Hardly形式上是由hard后加ly 构成，但并非hard的副词形式，hard 本身既可作形容词也可作副词，意为“努力地” ‎ eg:My sister works hard.‎ 3. ever 曾，曾经 ever作副词，常和现在完成时连用，用在疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句中，位于句中（助动词、be动词后，实意动词前）‎ eg:Have you ever been to beijing?‎ (1) ever用于肯定句中，意为“常常、总是”‎ eg：He is ever ready to help his friends.‎ (2) Ever 用于含有比较级或最高级的句子中，意为“在以往任何时候” 用来加强语气。eg:It is raining harder than ever.‎ (3) ever 用于特殊疑问句中，意为“究竟、到底”。‎ Eg:which ever do you want?‎ 4. On weekends在周末，通常用于一般现在时中，一般指saturday、sunday,eg:I don't work on weekends.‎ 5. I often go to the movies.我经常去看电影 ‎ go to the movies=go to the films/cinema ‎6.how often 意为“多久一次”用来提问事情发生的频率，常用every day ,usually,sometimes,often,never,等词或短语回答。‎ How often 用来提问某个动作个多久发生一次 How soon ‎“还有多久才...”一般用于将来时态，回答用in引导的时间状语 How long ‎“（延续）多长时间”回答用带有for或since 的时间状语 How many times 用来提问做某事的次数，意思是“多少次”回答用once,twice等 ‎7.辨析sometimes,sometime,some times,some time (1) sometimes意为有时，做频度副词，表示动作发生的不经常性，多用于现在或过去时态，在句中的位置比较灵活 eg:Sometimes I am late for school.‎ (2) Sometime是副词，表示在过去或将来的某个时候，指的是时间点，用语过去或将来时，对它的提问用when.‎ eg:—When will you come back? —Sometime later next month.‎ (3) Some times是名词短语，意为几次几倍，对它提问用how many times。‎ eg：He has been to Shanghai some times.‎ (1) Some time是名词短语，表示“一些时间、一段时间”，指时间段。eg:I will be away for some time.‎ ‎8.active 活跃的，积极的 active构成的短语：‎ be active in 在某方面表现积极，‎ eg:Lei Feng was always active in helping others.；‎ take an active part in 积极参加，‎ eg:Students should take an active part in exercise.‎ ‎9.about 几乎;大约，等于around Eg：It's about lunch time.‎ about 的其他用法：‎ （1） 作副词，意为“到处、各处、四周”eg:I'm used to going abou alone.‎ （2） 作副词，意为“在附近”eg：Miss Yang must be somewhere about.‎ （3） 作介词，意为“在周围，在…附近”eg:Let's walk about the scool ‎ (4)作介词，意为“关于，与…有关”eg：What do you know about him?‎ ‎10.as for 至于，关于 相当于一个介词，多用于开始一个与前面相关的新话题，后面跟名词或代词，也可跟相当于名词的短语。‎ eg:As for being a scientist,I haven't thought about it..‎ ‎11.health n. 健康. Good health helps you get good grades. Junk food is bad for your health. healthy adj. 健康的； You have to keep healthy. How do you keep healthy? 反义词: unhealthy adj. 不健康的 My cat has an unhealthy lifestyle, because it sleeps in the days and plays with the rats(老鼠) at nights.‎ ‎12.Have a good health. keep healthy; keep in good health.‎ ‎13.how many 多少（可数） How many books do you have? How many friends does your sister have? how much 多少（不可数） How much junk food did you eat last night? How much water do you drink everyday?‎ ‎14.try v.尽力；试图；尝试 I tried many times to help him, but he didn’t listen to me at all. (try to do sth. 尽力做某事) I am trying learning English.（try doing sth. 尝试做某事） I am trying not to play with him. ( try not to do sth. 尽量不去做某事)‎ ‎15.better good (adj) 和well (adv)的比较级，一般情况下，比较级在词尾加-er 但是，good 的比较特殊变化。希望同学们可以加以区别；He is good, but she is better ( than him) . You can do better next time.‎ ‎16.less 更少的（little 的比较级，修饰不可数）less 跟better 一样，都是特殊的比较级变形，请同学样一定要对比记忆。 You must eat less junk food , or you will become unhealthy. (become 传说中的连系动词，同学们还能记得其他的连系动词吗？)‎ 二、典型例题 1. She was a quite girl,but she is very_____now. ‎ A. beautiful B.lazy C.friendly D.active 2. ‎"______do you go to the library?" "I usually go to the library twice a week."‎ A. How long B.How often C.How far D.How many 3. The result_______the 500-metre race will be known right now.‎ A. On B. Of C.at D.with ‎ 4. Most students like ________ _________ _______.（网上冲浪）‎ 5. What's your father's ________ ______?(电视节目)‎ 4. Zhang Hua piays football _____ _____ _____ _____.(一周三次)‎ 5. What do you usually do ____ ______(在周末)on weekends 6. John exercise every morning.(对画线部分提问)‎ ‎____ _____ John ____ every morning?‎ 7. I sleep nine hours every night.(对画线部分提问)‎ ‎____ ____ hours do you sleep every night?‎ ‎10. Tom usually _____(come) to school at seven in the morning.(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ 三、课后练习 ‎1. —How often does Kate go hiking?‎ ‎— .‎ A. I guess she’s OK. B. About an hour. C. Once the week. D. Twice a week.‎ ‎2. There are 50 students in our class. 75% students like going hiking. What does “75%” mean?‎ A. None of the students. B. All the students.‎ C. Most of the students. D. Some of the students.‎ ‎3. They usually do some office work weekdays.‎ A. in B. on C. at D. both B and C ‎4. I have time to have lunch. ‎ A. sometimes B. hard C. hardly D. already ‎5. — do you go shopping?‎ ‎—Every Sunday.‎ A. How soon B. How many times C. How much D. How often ‎6. — do you have a class meeting?‎ ‎—Once a week.‎ A. How much B. How often C. What time D. How long ‎7. I see her in the supermarket.‎ A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times ‎8. — did you watch TV?‎ ‎—About two hours.‎ A. How far B. How often C. How soon D. How long ‎9. The results “watching TV” are interesting.‎ A. at B. in C. for D. on ‎10. He is a good student. He late for school.‎ A. isn’t never B. is often C. is always D. is hardly ever B.句型转换 ‎1. Most students exercise three times a week.（就划线部分提问）‎ ‎ do most students exercise?‎ ‎2. I sleep nine hours every night.（就划线部分提问）‎ ‎ hours do you sleep every night?‎ ‎3. My favorite program is Animal World.（就划线部分提问）‎ ‎ your favorite program?‎ ‎4. My sister often goes to a movie on weekends.（就划线部分提问）‎ ‎ your sister often on weekends?‎ ‎5. She sometimes does her homework at school.（就划线部分提问）‎ ‎ does she her homework at school?‎ 中考链接 ‎（ ）1. —______ is “Lucky 52” shown on CCTV-2?‎ ‎—Every week.‎ A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How many times ‎（ ）2. —How was the weather yesterday?‎ ‎—It was terrible. It rained ______. People could go out. ‎ A. hardly; hardly B. hard; hard C. hard; hardly D. hardly; hard ‎（ ）3. — do you exercise?‎ ‎—Four times a week. ‎ A. How much B. How often C. How long D. How many 二、用单词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. My father plays basketball ____________ (two) a week.‎ ‎2. Jodie often ____________ (exercise) in the park.‎ ‎3. Maria is ____________ (act) at school.‎ ‎4. He ____________ (watch) TV every night.‎ ‎5. —How often does your mother exercise?‎ ‎—____________ (one) a week.‎