河南专用2020版中考英语八下第12课时Units3-4课件人教新目标版 3 51页

第12课时　八年级(下)    Units 3~4 知识点1　allow的用法 核心精讲过关 难点一　provide, offer, give与supply 难点二　borrow, lend与keep 难点辨析突破 知识点2　compare的用法 知识点3　return的用法 知识点4　Why don ' t you...?句型 知识点5　fight的用法 词汇拓展 1. relation ( n .)→     relationship     ( n .)关系;联系 →     relative     ( n .)亲戚;亲属 2. ill ( adj .)→     illness     ( n .)疾病;病 3. fair ( adj .)→     fairness     ( n .)公正性;合理性 →     unfair     ( adj .)不合理的;不公正的 4. proper ( adj .)→     properly     ( adv .)正确地;适当地 必备知识梳理 5.quick( adj .)→     quickly     ( adv .)很快地 6.sweep( v .)→     swept     (过去式/过去分词)扫;打扫 7. throw ( v .)→     threw     (过去式) →     thrown     (过去分词)扔;掷 →     throw away     扔掉;丢弃 8.lend( v .)→     lent     (过去式/过去分词)借给;借出 →     lend...to...     借给 …… 9. develop ( v .)→     development     ( n .)发展;发育;成长 →     developing     ( adj .)发展中的 →     developed     ( adj .)发达的;高度发展的 10. drop ( v .)→     dropped     (过去式/过去分词)落下;掉下 11. argue ( v .)→     argument     ( n .)争论;争吵 →     argue with sb.     和某人争吵 12. communicate ( v .)→     communication     ( n .)交流;沟通 →     communicate with     和 …… 交流 13.explain( v .)→     explanation     ( n .)解释;说明 →     explain to     向 …… 解释 14. usual ( adj .)→     unusual     ( adj .)不寻常的;与众不同的 15.two( num .)→     second     (序数词)第二 →     secondly     ( adv .)第二;其次 16.clear( adj .)→     clearly     ( adv .)清楚地;清晰地;明白地 17.cloud( n .)→     cloudy     ( adj .)多云的 18.type( n .)→     typical     ( adj .)典型的 19.maybe( adv .)→     perhaps     (同义词)可能,大概,也许 20.independent( adj .)→     independence     ( n .)独立 21.neighborhood( n .)→     neighbor     ( n .)邻居 22.save( v .)→     waste     (反义词)浪费 23.love( v .)→     hate     (反义词)恨,厌恶,讨厌 24.old( adj .)→     older/elder     (比较级)→     oldest/eldest     (最高级) 重点短语 1.     do the dishes     洗餐具 2.     take out the rubbish     倒垃圾 3.     fold the clothes     叠衣服 4.     sweep the floor     扫地 5.     make the bed     铺床 6.     clean the living room     打扫起居室 7.     go out     出去 8.     in front of     在 …… 前面 9.     come over     过来 10.     do housework     做家务 11.     walk away     走开 12.     have a test     考试 13.     a waste of     浪费 14.     all the time     一直 15.     as soon as     一 …… 就 …… 16.     in order to     目的是;为了 17.     depend on     依靠;信赖 18.     too much     太多 19.     do one ' s part     尽某人的一份力 20.     take care of/look after     照顾 21.     as a result     结果 22.     get into     从事;开始(某事) 23.     look through     快速查看;浏览 24.     be angry with     生气 25.     big deal     重要的事 26.     work out     成功地发展;解决 27.     get on with     和睦相处;关系良好 28.     communicate with     沟通 29.     compete with     竞争 30.     cut out     删除;删去 31.     compare...with     比较;对比 32.     in one ' s opinion     依 …… 看 习惯用语 any minute now随时;马上;在任何时刻 It ' s a big deal./It ' s no big deal.这是一件大事儿/没什么大事儿。 情景交际 Unit 3　礼貌地提出请求和征求许可 礼貌地提出请求 —Could you please take out the rubbish? —Yes, sure. 征求许可 —Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? —Yes, but don ' t come back too late. Unit 4　谈论问题,提供建议 1.—What ' s wrong? —I ' m really tired because I studied until midnight last night. 2.—What should he do? —He should talk to his friend so that he can say he ' s sorry. 3.—Maybe you could go to his house. —I guess I could, but I don ' t want to surprise him. 重点语法 1.Could you please do sth.?句型表示征求许可。 2.Why don ' t you...?句型及其回答(主要用来向对方提出建议)。 一、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空 1.It is important for children 　to develop     (develop) a good habit of eating healthy food. 2.We all know that the 　fairness     (fair) of the competition is very important. 3.It is quite important for both of us to have proper 　communication     (communi- cate) when we feel angry. 4.Would you mind 　lending     (lend) me your eraser? I can ' t find mine. 5.Traditional exercises like sit-ups,press-ups and pull-ups are great for strengthen- ing the body if you do them 　properly     (proper). 词汇语境运用 6.We all take great interest in Mr. Li ' s 　explanation     (explain) of how to orga- nize our ideas according to the type of writing. 7.Everyone has different 　opinions     (opinion) about a good student. Personally, I think a good student should first be honest and hard-working. 8.The glass 　dropped     (drop) onto the floor and was in pieces. My mother told me to clean them up carefully. 9.When Li Ming 　returned     (return) to his hometown last week, he visited his teachers and they talked a lot about the old school days. 10.I regret 　 arguing     (argue) with my parents about a small thing. I know what they have done is for my good. 二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空 skill　provide　instead　second　waste develop　cause　press　allow　throw 1.The Government has 　provided     children in poor areas with food for free since 2011. 2.Firstly, I don ' t have enough money. 　Secondly     ,I don ' t have free time. 3. 　Throwing     rubbish everywhere not only influences the beauty of the park,but also causes pollution. 4.Driving after drinking isn ' t 　allowed     because it may cause lots of traffic acci- dents. 5.Life is not easy nowadays. Young people are under great 　pressure     from schooling and employment. 6.Drunk driving 　causes     a lot of traffic accidents every year, so drivers should put safety at the first place and never drive after drinking. 7.Knowledge is power. So education plays an important part in the 　development     of modern society. 8.I don ' t want to 　waste     my time talking with her. It ' s like playing the lute to a cow. 9.China has ended its one-child policy and let families have two children 　instead     . 10.In order to look after themselves better, teenagers should try to improve their liv- ing 　skills     . 1.pass ( v .)给;递;走过;通过;传球; 打发/消磨/度过(时间);及格;结束 ( n .) 及格;合格;通过;通行证;车票;乘车证 如:We sang songs to pass the time.我们借唱歌消磨时间。 She got a pass in French.她法语考试及格了。 a bus pass公共汽车乘车证 a boarding pass登机牌 熟词生义讲练 2.hate ( v .)厌恶;讨厌; 不愿;不想 ( n .) 憎恶;憎恨;所憎恨的人(或物) 如:I hate to trouble you, but could I use your phone?我不愿麻烦你,但我能用一下 你的电话吗? Plastic flowers have always been a hate of mine.我一向讨厌塑料花。 3.while ( conj .)与 …… 同时;当 …… 的时候;而;然而; 直到 …… 为止 ( n .)一段时间;一会儿 ★once in a while偶尔地;间或 如:I waited while six o ' clock.我一直等到了六点钟。 4.waste ( n .)浪费;垃圾 ( v .)浪费;滥用; 白费;使 …… 屈才 ( adj .)废弃的;丢弃的,无用的 ★waste time/a waste of time浪费时间 如:Her advice was not wasted on Chris.她对克里斯的建议没有白费。 You ' re wasted as a sales manager—you should have been an actor.你当销售经理 屈才了,你本应该做演员。 There is a waste factory near our village.我们村庄附近有个废弃的工厂。 5.since ( conj .)因为,既然;从 …… 以后 ( prep .)从 …… 以后;自 …… 以来; (表示气愤)何曾,什么时候 ★ever since自从 如:Since when did he ever listen to me?他什么时候听过我的话? 6.drop ( v .)→dropped(过去式/过去分词)落下;掉下; 投递;放弃 ( n .)滴 ★drop by顺便访问 如:Drop everything and come at once!放下所有事情赶快来吧! a drop of water一滴水 7.fair ( n .)展览会;交易会; 露天游乐场;集市 ( adj .)合理的;公正的; 相当好的;白皙的 →unfair(反义词)不合理的;不公正的 →fairness( n .)公正性;合理性 如:Let ' s take the kids to the fair.咱们带孩子们去游乐场吧。 There ' s a fair chance that we might win this time.这次我们可能胜算很大。 8.deal ( n .)协议;交易　( v .) 发牌 ★big deal重要的事情 ★deal with对付;应付 如:Whose turn is it to deal?该谁发牌了? 9.offer ( n .) 出价;提议 ( v .)主动提出;自愿给予 ★offer to do sth.主动提出做某事 如:I ' ve had an offer of $2,500 for the car.有人向我出价2500美元买这辆汽车。 It is a very kind offer.这是一个非常好的提议。 10.clear ( v .)清理;丢掉 ( adj .)清楚易懂的;晴朗的;明显的;头脑清醒的 →clearly( adv .)清楚地;清晰地;明白地 ★clear out清理 如:You ' ll need to keep a clear head for your exams.你考试时需保持清醒的头 脑。 11.copy ( v .)抄袭;模仿;复制;复印 ( n .)抄本,副本;一本(份,册 …… ) ★a copy of一份;一本 如:I will send you a copy of the report.我会把这个报告的复印本寄给你。 The book sold 20,000 copies within two weeks.这本书在两周内销售了2万册。 12.return ( v .)归还;回来;返回     ( n .)返回;归还 ★return books还书 如:I am here waiting for my father ' s return from school.我在这儿等我爸爸从学校 回来。 13.push ( v .)鞭策;督促;推动; 说服 ( n .)推,搡的动作 ★push sb. to do sth.鞭策/督促某人做某事 如:My teacher pushed me into entering the competition.我的老师劝我参加比赛。 The car won ' t start. Can you give it a push?汽车发动不起来。你推一下好吗? 14.cause ( v .)造成;引起     ( n .)原因;起因;事业 如:The driver ' s carelessness was the main cause of the accident.司机的粗心是造 成这一事故的主要原因。 一、根据语境,在横线上写出黑体单词的汉语意思 1.His experiment succeeded finally. All his efforts were not wasted.     白费     2.Driving after drinking is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents.     原因     二、单句填空 —Jack hasn ' t taken his piano lessons for a long time. —He is considering     dropping     (drop)his piano course and spending more time on his study. 三、完成句子 1.In the summer afternoon, the children always     pass the time     (度过时间) by playing in the streets. 2.—Suddenly, someone     gave me a push     (推了我一把), and I dropped into the pool. —How lucky you are fine, but the bad person must be punished seriously. 3.—Whenever you want a good meal, come to my restaurant and eat for free. —Believe me. That is     an offer     (一个建议)I will not refuse. 知识点1　allow的用法 核心精讲过关 1.—Hey, turn it off, please! We don ' t     allow music     (允许有音乐) in the read- ing room. —Oh, I ' m sorry, sir. I won ' t do it again. 2.You can ' t wear shoes inside this place.It     isn ' t allowed     (allow). 3.The little girl was crying because her mother didn ' t allow her     to eat     (eat) ice cream. 　　allow作动词,意为“允许,准许”。主要用法如下: 1.allow+名词/代词。如: We cannot stand by and allow such a thing.对这样的事,我们不能袖手旁观。 2.allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。如: My mother allowed me to play for only 30 minutes.我妈妈只允许我玩30分钟。 3.allow sb. sth.“允许某人某事”。如: Passengers are allowed one item of hand luggage each.每位乘客允许携带一件手 提行李。 知识点2　compare的用法 1.Children are always energetic and hopeful. We often compare them     to     the rising sun. 2.If you compare his work     with     hers, you ' ll find hers is much better. 3.—If you always     compare yourself with others     (把自己与他人作比较), you may have tons of pressure. 　　compare作动词,意为“比较,对比;与 …… 相似;将 …… 比作 …… ”。 compare...to...与compare...with...辨析 短语 意义及用法 例句 compare... with... 把 …… 和 …… 比较(常表示同类比较) compare   with   How does my writing compare with your writ- ing?我的作品和你的比较起来怎么样? compare... to... 把 …… 比作 …… (常表示异类相比,比喻) compare   to   We often compare teachers to candles.我们常把 老师比作蜡烛。 注意 compare放在句首作状语时,表被动要用compared,表主动要用comparing。如: Compared with many people, she is really lucky.和许多人相比,她真的很幸运。 Comparing with his room, I find that mine is a little smaller.和他的房间相比,我发 现我的(房间)更小一些。 知识点3　return的用法 1.—Where are you going? —I ' m going to the library. I ' ve finished reading this book,so I ' m going to     return     (buy/throw/return/borrow) it. 2.—Mike, may I use your car?I need to go to Luoyang. —Of course. But you must return it     to     me this evening. 　　return的用法: (1)“返回;回来”,相当于“go back/get back/come back”。如: Ann will visit you when she returns to London.在Ann返回伦敦后,她将去拜访 你。(当“返回”讲时是不及物动词,后加to才可接地点。另外,return已含有 back的意思,后不可再跟back。) (2)“归还”,相当于“give back”。 I have returned the dictionary.我已经归还了字典。 (当“归还”讲时是及物动 词,后可直接接物,若再接人时需加to,同样不可再跟back。如:You should return the piano to Dick on time.你应该把钢琴按时还给Dick。) 知识点4　Why don ' t you...?句型 1.—Why don ' t you     go to the park     (去公园) now? —Good idea! 2.—I have too much housework to do at home. —     Why not     (为什么不) ask your husband for help? Why don ' t you do sth.?意为“你为什么不做某事呢?”,与Why not do sth.?是同 义表达。如: 　　Why don ' t you stay for supper? =Why not stay for supper? 你为什么不留下来吃晚饭呢? 拓展      Why not?是常见的口语表达,意为“为什么不呢?”,该句用于表示同意或赞 同。 —Let ' s go to the seaside.让我们去海边吧。 —OK.Why not?好的。为什么不呢? 知识点5　fight的用法 1.Martin Luther King, Jr. led the black to fight     against     the inequality between the black and the white. Finally, they succeeded. 2.The two friends     had a fight     (打了一架) just now. But later they realized they were wrong to do so and apologized to each other. fight的过去式和过去分词均为fought。 1.fight作动词,意为“战斗;打架”。如: My little brothers are always fighting.我的小弟弟们总在打架。 2.fight against与 …… 作斗争;对抗;fight for为 …… 而战斗。如: We have to fight against difficulties.我们不得不同困难作斗争。 They fight for their motherland.他们为祖国而战斗。 3.fight作名词,意为“打架;战斗”。如: A fight broke out between Jim and Jack.吉姆和杰克打了起来。 难点一　provide, offer, give与supply 难点辨析突破 1.—I ' m looking for a job. Could you     offer     (provide/produce/trade/offer) me some information? —Oh, there is perfect one in today ' s newspaper. 2.—How ' s Bob now? —I hear the company     offered     (offer) him a very good job,but he turned it down. 3.Some people think it ' s the parents ' job to provide their children     with     a clean and comfortable environment at home. 4.We     gave     (give) our mom some beautiful flowers on Mother ' s Day and she was very happy. provide, offer, give与supply辨析 易混词 含义 用法 例句 provide 供给,提供 强调有预见,并通过储存或准备的方式来提供 We provided them with board and lodging.我们给他们提供食宿。 offer 提出,提供 offer强调“主动提供”,如主动提供帮助、服务或物品 He offered me a job, but I didn ‘ t accept it.他提供给我一份工作,但我没有接受它。 give 供给,给 多指一般性“给予”或因别人需要而“给” We gave her flowers for her birthday.我们送给了她一些花以庆祝她的生日。 supply 供给,提供 供给物资、存货等 We are well supplied with food.我们的食物供给充足。 　　provide, offer, give与supply句型的区别 (1)provide+   +with+   =provide+   +for+   (2)offer+   +   =offer+   +to+   (3)give+   +   =give+   +to+   (4)supply+   +with+   =supply+   +to+   难点二　borrow, lend与keep 1.—What did your friend tell you when you borrowed his book? —He said I couldn ' t     lend     (borrow/lend) it to others. 2.The librarian told me that I could     keep     (borrow/buy/keep/return) these maga- zines for three days. borrow,lend与keep辨析 　　如:Do you often borrow books from the library? 你经常从图书馆借书吗? Thank you very much for lending it to me. 非常感谢你把它借给了我。 borrow 表示“借;借来;借入”,指向别人借来东西,常见的搭配是borrow sth. from sb. lend 表示“借给;借出”,指把东西借给别人,常见的搭配是lend sb.sth.或lend sth.to sb. keep 表示“长时间地借用”,可以和时间段搭配 —How long can I keep the books?这些书我可以借多长时间? —For two weeks.两周。 注意　borrow是非延续性动词,不能和时间段搭配,如果用在现在完成时中,和时 间段搭配时要用延续性动词keep。如: I have kept the books for two weeks. 这些书我借了两个星期了。