北师版初二下英语unit2 语法篇教师版 8页

Unit 2语法篇 ‎__________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________‎ 学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点词汇句型，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。‎ 现在完成时 现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，‎ 一．主要有两个含义：①表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如：many times，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，before，so far, by now等连用。 ‎ ‎②表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语，如：since + 时间点/从句，for two months, so far等。‎ 二 1）现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；‎ ‎2）而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如：in1949，yesterday，last week等的状语连用，并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。‎ 三 在“it is first/second...time that...。”或在“it/this/that is the +最高级+名词+that...。”结构中，that从句中的动词常用现在完成时；在“it + be ...+since从句”这一结构中，be可用一般现在时或现在完成时，since从句一般用过去时。‎ 反身代词 反身动代词的构成： 第一、 第二人称的反身代词由形容词的物主代词加上self, selves构成。‎ 如：myself我自己 , ourselves我们自己 ,yourself你自己, yourselves你们自己.第三人称的反身代词是由宾格加上self, selves构成。如：himself他自己, herself她自己, itself它自己 ,以及themselves他们/她们/它们自己。凡是单数人称代词的反身代词在后加self,而复数人称的反身代词在后加selves。 ‎ 二．反身代词的用法： 1、 反身代词不能作主语，但是它可以作主语同位语，放在主语后或句末。如：我亲自去了电影院。I went to the cinema myself. ‎ ‎2、 反身代词可以作宾语的同位语。如：I wish I could hear Beethoven himself play this music.我希望我能听贝多芬他亲自弹这首曲子。‎ ‎3、 反身代词可以作介词的宾语。如：Nobody, she learnt it all by herself.没人，她自学的。I mended the bike by myself.我独自修的自行车。She said to herself: ”what's wrong with my eyes?”她自言自语地说，“我的眼睛怎么啦？”Don't always think of yourself.别总是想着你自己。‎ ‎ 4、 反身代词作动词的宾语。一般放在像这样的动词的后面：enjoy, help, hurt, teach, wash, look after, get dressed, buy等。如：Did you enjoy yourselves at the weekend? 你们周末玩得开心吗？He teaches himself English at home.他在家自学英语. “Help yourselves to some fish .children。”“ 孩子们，随便吃一些鱼 。” He can buy himself a lot of nice things.他可以给自己买好多好东西。‎ ‎ 5、反身代词可以作表语。如：I'm not quite myself today. 我今天情绪不好。He doesn't seem himself this morning.今天上午他似乎不舒服。‎ ‎1.Many people enjoy__________ in the sunshine on Sundays.‎ A．ourselves B．themselves C．himself D．myself ‎2.Tom doesn't like the film________ , but his parents like ______.‎ A．himself; it B．itself; themselves C．itself; it D．himself; themselves ‎3.--- Linda, help___________ to some fruits.‎ ‎--- Thank you!‎ A. you B．yours C．yourself D．yourselves ‎4.Teenagers should learn to protect _________from all kinds of danger.‎ A. them B．they C．their D．themselves ‎5.Nobody taught_________ English. He taught___________ .‎ A．him; himself B．his; himself C．him; by himself D．his; his ‎6.The famous writer _______________one new book in the past two years.‎ A． is writing B．was writing C．wrote D．has written ‎7.--- I'd like to introduce my best friend to you, Peter.‎ ‎--- Thank you, Lucy. But we ______________ already.‎ A． meet B．met C．will meet D．have met ‎8.Sam ___________Chinese since he came to China. He speaks Chinese well now.‎ A． learns B．learned C．has learned D．will learn ‎9.He __________________at this school since two years ago.‎ A． was B．has been C．is D．will be ‎10.Joe, my close friend, moved to Beijing years ago, and I _______ him since then.‎ A．don't see B．didn't see C．haven't seen D．won't see 解析：‎ ‎1.enjoy oneself意为"玩得愉快",反身代词应该与主语保持一致,由"many people"知用themselves.‎ ‎2.考查人称代词及反身代词。第一空指Tom本人用himself,后一空指电影,用it。故选A.‎ ‎3.四个选项都是代词,由关键信息help和to some fruit可联想到help oneself (随便吃/喝……)结构,故排除A、B、D三项,选C.‎ ‎4.them意为"他们",宾格;they意为"他们",主格;their意为"他们的",形容词性物主代词,后面跟名词;themselves意为"他们自己",作反身代词。句意为"青少年应该学会保护自己免遭各种危险"。protect oneself from...意为"保护自己免遭……"。.‎ ‎5.第一个为teach的宾语故为him，第二个为he的反身代词himself，故选A ‎6..现在完成时常与recently(近来),so far(到目前为止),in the past/"last+一段时间"等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故选D ‎7.由标志词already可以得知句子用现在完成时,故选择D项。‎ ‎8.由since he came to China可知主句应用现在完成时。故选C ‎9. since引导的时间状语应与完成时相呼应。故选B ‎10 由since then可知选C 基础演练 ‎1.Those men make _________healthier by doing sports.‎ A． they B．them C．theirs D．themselves ‎2.The famous writer went to our school _____________.‎ A． him B．he C．himself D．his ‎3.He asked the children, "Did you buy anything for _____________?"‎ A． you B．yourself C．yourselves D．yours ‎4.Jane gave________ a baby cat yesterday that hurt when it fell off the tree________.‎ A． me; it B．myself; itself C．me; itself D．myself; it ‎5.The workers wear thick clothes to keep __________.‎ A． them safely B．themselves safely C．they safe D．themselves safe ‎6.Be careful! Don't burn__________ while cooking.‎ A． you B．yours C．yourself D．to you ‎7 .--- Why didn't David come to school today?‎ ‎--- Because he hurt when playing volleyball yesterday.‎ A． myself B．himself C．yourself D．herself ‎8.His name is James but he calls Jim__________‎ ‎.A．his B．himself C．him D．不填 ‎9.--- My bicycle is broken. May I use ______________?‎ ‎--- Sorry, I'm going to use it in a while.‎ A． yours; me B．your; myself C．yours; myself D．yourself; myself ‎10.The man called his professor for help because he couldn't solve the problem by _______________________.‎ A．herself B．himself C．yourself D．themselves 答案：1-5 DCCCD 6-10CBBCB 二、用单词正确形式填空 ‎1. 1.Miss Smith put the new dress on, and looked at _________(she) in the mirror.‎ ‎2._________(they) classroom is new, but _______(we) classroom is old.‎ ‎3.Teenagers should be allowed to make ________(they) own decisions at times.‎ ‎4.They will lose _________(they) if they go down that path.‎ ‎5.The story __________(it) is interesting, but it's a little difficult for children.‎ ‎6.To be independent, children must learn how to take care of __________(they).‎ ‎7.I'd like to enjoy_____________ (I) on the beach.‎ ‎8.We are waiting for you to introduce __________(you) to us, Mary.‎ ‎9. .--- May I borrow your dictionary, Jim?‎ ‎ ---Oh, sorry. It isn't _____________(my).‎ ‎10.We can't only think of ____________(we).‎ 答案：1 herself 2 Their, our 3 their 4 themselves 5itself ‎6 themselves 7myself 8yourself 9mine 10ourselves 巩固提高 ‎1杰克昨天在体育课上伤到了自己。‎ Jack _______________________in P.E. class yesterday.‎ ‎2.帮助别人就是帮助我们自己。‎ Helping others is helping _______________________ .‎ ‎3.她向新同学们先做了自我介绍。‎ ‎.She _________________________ to her new classmates.‎ ‎4 我认为对人们来讲自我感觉良好很重要。‎ ‎.I think it's important ______these people _________ good about ________. ‎ ‎5.能照顾我自己，虽然对我来说会不容易。‎ I can _____________________ , although it won't be easy for me.‎ ‎6.我妈妈在这家超市工作了三年。‎ My mother ______________in the supermarket____ three years ago.‎ ‎7.我们发现纸板能够托住水。‎ We ______________that cardboard can hold the water.‎ ‎8.这本书你已经借了一个星期了。请尽快还回来。‎ You ____________this book for a week. Please give it back as soon as possible.‎ ‎9.在新学校里，他结交了许多新朋友。‎ He has _____lots of new________ at his new school.‎ ‎10.自从吉姆出生，他就在这个村庄里。‎ Tom ___________at this village ________he was born.‎ 答案 1 hurt himself 2 ourselves 3 introduced herself 4. for, to feel, themselves ‎5. look after myself 6. has worked; since 7 have discovered ‎8 have kept 9 made; friends 10 has been; since ‎1.I __________a cold. I am not feeling well now.‎ A．caught B．have caught C．am catching D．catches ‎2.The Smiths came to Shanghai in 2019. They ________ there for three years since then.‎ A． live B．lived C．have lived D．will live ‎3.She ________________this book for nearly three weeks.‎ A． has borrowed B．has lent C．has bought D．has kept ‎4.Some students in Shanghai________ e-bags for several months.‎ A． have B．have had C．had D．will have ‎5 .--- Would you like to go and see Avatar with me tonight?‎ ‎--- Thank you very much, but I it already_________‎ A． see B．will see C．have seen D．am seeing ‎6.I ___________hard to improve my skills in the past three years.‎ A．have worked B．work C．worked D．are working ‎7. --- It's raining! When did it start?‎ ‎--- I don't know exactly. In fact, it_______ all this afternoon.‎ A． lasts B．has lasted C．lasted D．will last ‎8.--- Where are you going for your holiday?‎ ‎--- Well, we ___________yet.‎ A．haven't decided B．hadn't decided C．don't decide D．didn't decide ‎9.--- Could I clean the office for you, Mr. Zhou?‎ ‎--- No, thanks. I________ it myself.‎ A．cleaned B．have cleaned C．was cleaning D．had cleaned ‎10.--- Excuse me, where is Mr. Brown's office?‎ ‎--- Sorry, I don't know. I ________here for only a few days.‎ A．work B．worked C．have worked D．will work ‎ 答案：1-5BCDBC 6-10ABABC 二、完型 2019-2019年天津市第一中学初三（下）3月月考 Last month we had a trip to Queenstown. I loved the place 1 we got there. It was like a huge natural adventure playground. The first thing that 2 me was the scenery. The mountains, lakes and hills there were amazing! 3 it was in the spring, Queenstown was still living in the ski season.‎ We could only spend a few days there, but that was certainly 4 time to explore the place. Many of the Lord of the Rings scenes were shot around this area. We 5 some locations of the film. One of the locations was in a small village called Arrowtown. It is just 6 Queenstown. Arrowtown is very beautiful. I think that it looks like a film set itself. In the village there are lots of small restaurants, 7 and post offices. However, it is a 8 place. When I was walking around in the village, I felt relaxed and 9.‎ Back in Queenstown, we saw people boating on the lake, jumping from planes 10 and doing lots of exciting other activities. It was quite different from the life in the village. However, both of the two places are very nice.‎ ‎1.A．until B．before C．as soon as D．while ‎2.A．attracted B．held C．won D．learnt ‎3.A．But B．Although C．Because D．So ‎4.A．little B．a little C．enough D．plenty ‎5.A．left B．visited C．watched D．described ‎6.A．in B．outside C．on D．at ‎7.A．houses B．buildings C．bridges D．pubs ‎8.A．quiet B．noisy C．lively D．exciting ‎9.A．successful B．careful C．comfortable D．special ‎10.A．above B．below C．top D．bottom 答案：1-5 CABCB 6-10 BDACA ‎_________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________‎ A Sometimes I really doubt whether there is love between my parents. Every day they are very busy trying to make money for my schooling.‎ One day, my mother was sewing a quilt (缝被子). I silently sat beside her.‎ ‎"Mum, is there love between you and dad?" I asked in a very low voice.‎ With surprise in her eyes, she stopped her work for a while. The she said, "Susan, look at this thread(线). It can hardly be seen, but it's really there. It makes the quilt strong. If life is a quilt, love should be a thread. Love is inside."‎ I couldn't understand her until the next spring. At that time, my father suddenly got sick seriously. My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month.‎ After they were back, my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road every day. They were so kind to each other and it seemed they were the happiest couple.‎ After two months my father still couldn't walk by himself.‎ ‎"Dad, how are you feeling now?" I asked him one day.‎ ‎"Susan, don't worry about me," he said, "I just like walking with your mum. I like this kind of life." Reading his eyes, I knew he loves my mother deeply.‎ Now I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life. Love is inside, making life strong and warm.‎ ‎1.Why are Susan's parents busy trying to make money?‎ A．To send Susan to school.‎ B．To get to see the doctor.‎ C．To buy a strong quilt ‎.D．To show their love.‎ ‎2.Susan' father stayed in hospital for _______‎ ‎.A．one day B．one month C．two months D．three months ‎3.Susan came to understand her mother _________.‎ A．while her mother was sewing a quilt B．before her father was in hospital C．when she was sitting beside her mother D． after her father was seriously sick ‎4.What can we know from the passage?‎ A．Susan's father is very lazy.‎ B．Susan's mother is a nurse.‎ C．Susan's parents love each other.‎ D． Susan doesn't like her father.‎ ‎5.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?‎ A．How to Make a Quilt Strong B．Love Is Just a Tread C．Walking on the Country Road D．A Seriously Sick Father B Be honest. That's all you have to do on Honesty Day. It would be great if we were all honest every day of the year. It's good that there is a day to encourage honesty. M. Hirsh Goldberg started Honesty Day. He chose the last day of April because the first day is April Fool's Day, which celebrate lies. On Honesty Day, anyone may ask you any question and you should give a true and honest answer. That means that you have knowledge of Honesty Day.‎ M. Hirsh Goldberg wrote a book on telling lies. He said in his book that almost all person lie about 200 times a day. In our daily life, a typical(典型的) life for a man is "I did not drink that much" and for a woman is "Nothing is wrong, I'm fine". It is found that nurses are the most honest people, while sales ‎ people and politicians(政客) are the biggest liars.‎ Every Honesty Day, M. Hirsh Goldberg hands out prizes to honest people.‎ ‎6.M. Hirsh Goldberg started Honesty Day to _____________ .‎ A．celebrate lies B．encourage honesty C．ask questions D． hand out prizes ‎7.Which of the following is Honesty Day?‎ A． April 1st.B．April 10th.C．April 20th.D．April 30th.‎ ‎8.According to the passage, are the most honest people.‎ A． nurses B．sales people C．politicians D．all men ‎9.The underlined word "liars" probably means "____ ".‎ A．获利者B．说谎者 C．影响着 D．领导者 C Do you sleep well? If your answer is no, the following might help you.‎ Set a certain bedtime and rising time A certain bedtime and rising time can help you build up your body clocks. Set a bedtime which is good and natural for you. Don't change your bedtime and rising time on weekends.‎ Avoid exciting activities just before sleeping Exciting activities get your thoughts running. At the same time, if you make tomorrow's plan or read an exciting story before turning off the light, it doesn't give you enough time to relax before you try to sleep.‎ Keep the bedroom for sleeping only It's a bad habit for you to use your bedroom as a place to eat, watch TV, read, talk on the phone, or discuss important matters with your family members. Break that habit to get better sleep.‎ Don't go to bed too early Your body usually lets you sleep only the number of hours it needs. You should decide how many hours you must sleep in order not to experience daytime sleepiness.‎ Take a warm shower before your bedtime A twenty-minute warm shower at a temperature of about 45-50 not only is a great relax at day's end, but also raises your body temperature by several degrees. The coming drop in temperature of your body will naturally make you feel sleepy.‎ ‎10.If you want to build up your body clocks, you should ____________.‎ A．set a certain bedtime and rising time B．go to bed neither too early nor too late C．keep the bedroom for sleeping only D． take a warm shower before sleeping ‎11.Why should you avoid exciting activities just before sleeping?‎ A．Because they will get your thoughts running.‎ B．Because you have to make tomorrow's plan.‎ C．Because you should read an exciting story.‎ D． Because you will have to turn off the light.‎ ‎12.Your bedroom should be kept for only_________.‎ A． talking B．eating C．reading D．sleeping ‎13.According to the passage, _________will make you feel sleepy.‎ A．taking a cold shower B．your body temperature dropping C．your daily experience D．raising your body temperature 答案： 1-5 ABDCB 6-10 BDABA 11-13 ADB