- 440.50 KB
- 2021-10-12 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传，淘文库整理发布，可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方，所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议，请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传，本站不保证质量和数量令人满意，可能有诸多瑕疵，付费之前，请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ：403074932
初二英语下册导学案（知识汇总+练习题）
Unit 1单词
matter [ˈmætə] v. 重要，要紧，有关系
What’s the matter? 怎么了？出什么事了？
sore [sɔ:(r)] adj. 疼痛的，酸痛的
have a cold 感冒
stomach ['stʌmək] n. 胃，腹部
stomachache ['stʌməkeɪk] n. 胃痛，腹痛
have a stomachache 胃痛
foot(复数feet) [fu:t] n. 脚
neck [nek] n. 颈，脖子
throat [θrəʊt] n. 喉咙
fever ['fi:və] n. 发烧，发热
lie [laɪ] v. 躺，平躺
lie down 躺下
rest [rest] n. 剩余部分，其余；放松，休息
cough [kɒf] n. & v. 咳嗽
X-ray ['eksreɪ] n. X光，X射线
toothache [ˈtu:θeɪk] n. 牙痛
take one's temperature 量体温
headache [ˈhedeɪk] n. 头痛
have a fever 发烧
break [breɪk] n. & v. 休息，暂停；打破
take breaks (take a break） 休息
hurt [hə:t] v. 伤害，损害，使受伤，疼
passenger ['pæsɪndʒə] n. 乘客，旅客
off [ɒf] adv. prep. 离开（某处）；从…去掉
get off 下车
to one's surprise 使…惊讶，出乎…意料
onto [ˈɒntə] prep. 向，朝
trouble [ˈtrʌbl] n. 麻烦，烦扰，问题
hit [hit] n. & v. 碰撞，打，打击
right away 立即，马上
get into 陷入，参与
herself [hə:ˈself]她自己，她本身（she的反身代词）
bandage ['bændɪdʒ] n. & v. 绷带；用绷带包扎
sick [sɪk] adj. 患病的，不适的
knee [ni:] n. 膝盖
nosebleed [ˈnəʊzbli:d] n. 鼻出血
breathe [bri:ð] v. 呼吸
sunburned [ˈsʌnbɜ:nd] adj. 晒伤的
ourselves [ɑ:ˈselvz]我们自己（we的反身代词）
climber [ˈklaɪmə(r)] n. 登山者
be used to 习惯于… 适应于…
risk [rɪsk] n. & v. 风险，危险；冒险
take risks (take a risk) 冒险
accident [ˈæksidənt] n. 意外事件；事故
situation [ˌsitjuˈeiʃən] n. 状况，形式，情况
kg=kilogram [ˈkɪləgræm] n. 公斤，千克
rock [rɔk] n. 岩石
run out (of) 用尽，耗尽
knife [naif] n. 刀，餐刀
cut off 切除
blood [blʌd] n. 血
mean [mi:n] v. 意味着，意思是，意欲
get out of 离开，从… 出来
importance [ɪmˈpɔ:tns] n. 重要性
decision [dɪ'sɪʒn] n. 决心，决定，抉择
control [kən'trəʊl] v. 控制，支配，操纵
be in control of 掌管，管理
spirit ['spɪrɪt] n. 勇气，意志
death [deθ] n. 死亡
give up 放弃
nurse [nə:s] n. 护士
Unit1 知识梳理
【重点单词】
matter [ˈmætə] v. 重要，要紧，有关系
What’s the matter? 怎么了？出什么事了？
sore [sɔ:(r)] adj. 疼痛的，酸痛的
have a cold 感冒
stomach ['stʌmək] n. 胃，腹部
stomachache ['stʌməkeɪk] n. 胃痛，腹痛
have a stomachache 胃痛
foot(复数feet) [fu:t] n. 脚
neck [nek] n. 颈，脖子
throat [θrəʊt] n. 喉咙
fever ['fi:və] n. 发烧，发热
lie [laɪ] v. 躺，平躺
lie down 躺下
rest [rest] n. 剩余部分，其余；放松，休息
cough [kɒf] n. & v. 咳嗽
X-ray ['eksreɪ] n. X光，X射线
toothache [ˈtu:θeɪk] n. 牙痛
take one's temperature 量体温
headache [ˈhedeɪk] n. 头痛
have a fever 发烧
break [breɪk] n. & v. 休息，暂停；打破
take breaks (take a break） 休息
hurt [hə:t] v. 伤害，损害，使受伤
passenger ['pæsɪndʒə] n. 乘客，旅客
off [ɒf] adv. prep. 离开（某处）；从…去掉
get off 下车
to one's surprise 使…惊讶，出乎…意料
onto [ˈɒntə] prep. 向，朝
trouble [ˈtrʌbl] n. 麻烦，烦扰，问题
hit [hit] n. & v. 碰撞，打，打击
right away 立即，马上
get into 陷入，参与
herself [hə:ˈself] pron. 她自己，她本身（she的反身代词）
bandage ['bændɪdʒ] n. & v. 绷带；用绷带包扎
sick [sɪk] adj. 患病的，不适的
knee [ni:] n. 膝盖
nosebleed [ˈnəʊzbli:d] n. 鼻出血
breathe [bri:ð] v. 呼吸
sunburned [ˈsʌnbɜ:nd] adj. 晒伤的
ourselves [ɑ:ˈselvz] pron. 我们自己（we的反身代词）
climber [ˈklaɪmə(r)] n. 登山者
be used to 习惯于… 适应于…
risk [rɪsk] n. & v. 风险，危险；冒险
take risks (take a risk) 冒险
accident [ˈæksidənt] n. 意外事件；事故
situation [ˌsitjuˈeiʃən] n. 状况，形式，情况
kg=kilogram [ˈkɪləgræm] n. 公斤，千克
rock [rɔk] n. 岩石
run out (of) 用尽，耗尽
knife [naif] n. 刀，餐刀
cut off 切除
blood [blʌd] n. 血
mean [mi:n] v. 意味着，意思是，意欲
get out of 离开，从… 出来
importance [ɪmˈpɔ:tns] n. 重要性
decision [dɪ'sɪʒn] n. 决心，决定，抉择
control [kən'trəʊl] v. 控制，支配，操纵
be in control of 掌管，管理
spirit ['spɪrɪt] n. 勇气，意志
death [deθ] n. 死亡
give up 放弃
nurse [nə:s] n. 护士
【重点短语】
1.have a fever 发烧
2.have a cough 咳嗽
3.have a toothache 牙疼
4.talk too much 说得太多
5.drink enough water 喝足够的水
6.have a cold 受凉;感冒
7.have a stomachache 胃疼
8.have a sore back 背疼
9.have a sore throat 喉咙痛
10. take risks 冒险
11.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
12.see a dentist 看牙医
13.get an X-ray 拍X 光片
14.take one’ s temperature 量体温
15.put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药
16. give up 放弃
17. sound like 听起来像
18. all weekend 整个周末
19. in the same way 以同样的方式
20. go to a doctor 看医生
21. go along 沿着……走
22. on the side of the road 在马路边
23. shout for help 大声呼救
24. without thinking twice 没有多想
25. get off 下车
26. have a heart problem 有心脏病
27. to one’ s surprise 另某人惊讶的是
28. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于
29. in time 及时
30. make a decision 做出决定
31. get into trouble 造成麻烦
32. right away 立刻；马上
33. because of 由于
34. get out of 离开;从……出来
35. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事
36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎
37. fall down 摔倒
38. feel sick 感到恶心
39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血
40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖
41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰
42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难
43. mountain climbing 登山运动
44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
45. run out (of) 用完;用尽
46. so that 以便
47. so...that... 如此……以至于...…
48. be in control of 掌管;管理
49. in a difficult situation 在闲境中
【重点句型】
1. What's the matter with you?
= What'the trouble with you?
= What's wrong with you? 你怎么了？
2. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢？
3.Should I take my temperature? 我应该量一下体温吗？
4.You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。
5. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？
6. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。
7. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. 她说这个人有心脏病应该去医院。
01词汇讲解
1. have a cold
have a cold是动词短语，意为“患感冒，伤风”，也可以说成catch a cold/get a cold或take a cold。其中have表示“患病，得病”，不能用于进行时态，但可与一段时间连用，表示状态；而catch/get a cold则表示瞬时动作，不能同一段时间连用。例如：
I have had a cold for three days. 我感冒三天了。
此句也可以表达为：
I had/caught/got a cold three days ago.
【拓展】
表示人体某部位“痛”时的几种结构：
（1）have a + 身体部位名词后加-ache构成。例如：
have a headache 头痛
have a toothache 牙痛
have a stomachache胃痛
（2）have a sore + 身体部位名词。例如：
have a sore throat 喉咙痛
have a sore arm 胳膊痛
have a sore foot 脚痛
（3）身体部位 + hurt/ache。例如：
My eyes hurt. 我眼睛痛。
My legs ache. 我腿疼。
（4）have a pain in/ on + the + 身体部位。例如：
I have a pain in the arm. 我胳膊痛。
（5）There is something wrong with + one’s + 身体部位。例如：
There is something wrong with your eyes. 你的眼睛有毛病。
2. rest
（1）rest作及物动词，意为“使休息”，作不及物动词，意为“休息”。例如：
You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading.
在大量阅读之后，你应该休息一下你的眼睛。
I’m tired, and I want to rest. 我累了，我想休息。
（2）rest也可以作名词，常用搭配have a rest，表示“休息一下”。例如：
You have a cold，and should have a rest.
你感冒了，应该休息一下。
3. break
（1）break作不及物，意为“弄碎，破碎”。break的过去式为broke，过去分词为broken。例如：Glass is easily broken. 玻璃容易破碎。
（2）break作及物动词，意为“弄碎，弄断”。例如：
Li Ming broke his left leg last night. 昨晚李明摔断了左腿。
（3）break作及物动词，意为“不遵守”。
例如：
As a student, you shouldn’t break school rules.
作为学生，你不该违反学校规则。
【拓展】
(1) break down 意为“(机器)坏了”。例如：
We are sorry to arrive late, because the car broke down.
我们很抱歉到晚了，因为车抛锚了。
（2）break into 表示“破门而入”。例如：
I caught two men trying to break into the office. 我瞧见两个人想闯入我的办公室。
(3）break out 表示“（战争、瘟疫、火灾等）爆发”。例如：
World War II broke out in September 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。
4. hurt
（1）hurt作及物动词，意为“使受伤，使弄痛”，过去分词和过去式都是hurt。例如：
He hurt his right knee. 他伤了右膝。
I hope you haven’t hurt yourself. 但愿你没有受伤。
(2) hurt 既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。例如：
You hurt her feelings when you said she was fat.
你说她胖，伤害了她的感情了。
I don’t mean to hurt you. 我并非有意伤害你。
（3）hurt作不及物动词，意为“疼痛”。例如：
My feet hurt when I walk. 我走路时脚疼。
I caught a cold and my head hurt. 我感冒了而且头痛。
5. free
free作及物动词，意为“使自由”。例如：
Can you free me for half an hour？ 你能让我自由一个小时吗？
【拓展】
（1）free作形容词，表示“自由的；空闲的”。例如：
You are free to ask questions. 你可以请随便问。
Are you free tomorrow？你有空吗？
（2）free还可作“免费的”。例如：
Are the drinks free? 这饮料是免费的吗?
The books are given away free. 这些书是免费赠送的。
（3）free的副词freely可表示“自由地，随便地等”，可位于动词之前或之后。例如：
You may speak freely. 你可以直言。
He could write freely about it now. 他可以自由地写这个事了。
6. mean
（1）mean作及物动词，表示“打算，意味着”，后接名词，动词不定式短语或从句。例如：
The red light means “Stop”. 红灯表示停止。
I mean to go shopping. 我的意思是去购物。
The sign means that the road is blocked. 这个标志表示此路不通。（2）mean的名词形式是“meaning”，表示“意思、含义”。例如：
What’s the meaning of the word？这个单词的是什么意思？
（3）What do / did you mean by...? 该句型的意思是“你……是什么意思?” 例如：
What do you mean by acting like this? 你这样做是什么意思?
7. lie
lie是动词，意为“躺”，过去式和过去分词分别为lay和lain，现在分词为lying。例如：
I found he was lying on the ground. 我发现他躺在地上。
【拓展】
(1) lie有“位于”的意思。例如：
A temple lies on the top of the mountain. 一座寺庙位于山顶之上。
(2) lie作动词时，也可意为“撒谎”，过去式和过去分词是规则的，均为lied。lie也可用作名词，意为“谎言”。例如：
Don’t lie to me.不要向我撒谎。
The boy told a lie to me. 这个男孩向我撒了谎。
原形
词义
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
lie
躺；位于
lay
lain
lying
lie
说谎
lied
lied
lying
(3)英语中，部分以-ie结尾的动词的-ing形式必须改ie为y再加-ing。例如：
die → dying tie → tying lie → lying
8. breathe
breathe可以作不及物动词也可以作及物动词，意为“呼吸”。例如：
The old man is breathing hard.这位老人呼吸困难。
It’s good to breathe fresh air. 呼吸新鲜空气有好处。
【拓展】辨析breathe和breath
这两个词都是表示“呼吸”的意思，但词性不同。breath 是名词；breathe 是动词。例如：
He has run himself out of breath．
他跑得上气不接下气。
It’s healthy to breathe deeply in the morning
早上做深呼吸对身体有益。
breath的常用短语：take a deep breath 深呼吸；out of breath上气不接下气
9. ourselves
ourselves是反身代词，意为“我们自己”。表示“某人自己”的代词，叫反身代词，也叫自身代词。反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语和同位语，需要注意反身代词与所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别和数上保持一致。
反身代词的构成是：
第一人称和第二人称是“形容词性物主代词＋-self/selves”。例如：myself（我自己），ourselves（我们自己），yourself（你自己），yourselves（你们自己）
第三人称是“宾格代词＋-self/selves”；单数形式是加-self，复数形式是加-selves。例如：himself（他自己），herself（她自己），itself（它自己），themselves（他们自己）
注意：对于单数人称的反身代词加-self,对于复数人称的反身代词加-selves。
常用短语有：
by oneself 某人独自
enjoy oneself＝have a good time 玩得开心
teach oneself 自学
help oneself to… 随便吃、喝……
dress oneself 自己穿衣服
hurt oneself 伤了自己
练一练：
I. 英汉词组互译。
1. have a cold _________ 2. 量体温_________
3. to one’s surprise_________ 4. 同意做某事_________
5. be used to doing sth... ________ 6. 看医生________
7. run out of_______ 8. 下车________
9. thanks to ________ 10. 及时________
II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。
1. Do you______ (介意) if I open the window？
2．Be careful，not to _______(受伤) yourself．
3．Tom is in a difficult s_______．
4．I have made a d_______ about my study goal for the new term．
5．We should look after o_______ when we are alone at home．
6．If you have a fever，you s_______ lie down and rest．
7．I have a _______（牙疼），so I want to see a dentist(牙医)．
8．They retire(退休) and have a lot of f_______ time．
III. 从括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．It’s hard to make a _______(decide) now．
2．Is she used to _______(walk) after supper?
3．The _______(die) of her lovely cat makes her sad．
4．As time goes by，we can realize the _______(important) of love．
5．_______ he _______(have) a sore back?
6．He should _______(have) some hot water．
7．Look! A dog _______(lie) at the door．
8．We are _______(surprise) at the news．
9．He kept on _______(work) though his leg hurt．
10．No one can be successful _______(with) hard work．
【参考答案】
I. 英汉词组互译。
1.感冒 2.take one’s temperature
3.使某人吃惊 4.agree to do sth.
5.习惯于做…… 6.go to see a doctor
7.用尽；耗尽 8.get off
9. 多亏；由于 10. in time
II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。
1.mind 2.hurt 3. situation 4. decision
5. ourselves 6. should 7. toothache 8. free
III.从括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. decision 2.walking 3. death
4.importance 5. Does，have
6. have 7. is lying 8.surprised
9. working 10. without
02重点句型解析
1. What’s the matter？
What’s the matter?和What’s wrong?是用来询问对方出了什么毛病或问题，意为“怎么了？”，是医生询问病人病情时的常用语。例如：
— What’s the matter? 你怎么了？
—I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。
—What’s wrong, Tom? Tom怎么了？
—I don’t feel very well. 我感觉不太舒服。
【拓展】
What’s the matter?和What’s wrong?后可接with sb. / sth.，即What’s the matter with sb./ sth.?或What’s wrong with sb./sth.?意为“某人/某物怎么了？”例如：
What’s the matter with you? = What’s wrong with you? 你怎么了？
—What’s wrong / What’s the matter with your leg? 你的腿怎么了？ —Nothing. 没什么。
注意：matter是名词，其前只能加定冠词the；wrong是形容词，前面不需要加任何冠词。能说What’s your wrong? 和What’s your matter?
2. —What should she do？
—She should take her temperature.
should作情态动词，意为“应当，应该”。表示义务、责任，可用于各种人称，无人称和数的变化，也不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态；否定形式为should not，缩写为shouldn’t。其主要用法有：
(1) 表示责任和义务，意为“应该”。例如：
You should take your teacher’s advice. 你应该听从你老师的建议。
You shouldn’t be late for class. 你不应该上课迟到。
(2) 表示推断，意为“可能，该”。例如：
The train should have already left. 火车可能已经离开了。
3. But to his surprise，they all agreed to go with him.
（1） surprise作动词时，意为“使……惊奇，使……感到意外、吃惊”。例如：
What surprised you? 什么事使你感到意外？
（2） surprise作不可数名词时，表示“惊奇，惊异”。例如：
Her face showed surprise at the news.
听到这个消息，她的脸上露出了惊奇的表情。
（3）surprise作可数名词时，表示“惊奇、惊讶、意外的事或吃惊的事”。例如：
He gave me a surprise by arriving early.
他的早到使我大感意外。
（4）作名词用时常可构成如下短语：
to one’s surprise意为“使某人吃惊的是……”；
in surprise意为“吃惊地 ”。例如：
To my surprise, he passed the exam.
使我吃惊是，他竟然通过了考试。
He looked at me in surprise. 他吃惊地望着我。
4. He was not ready to die that day.
（1）ready 作形容词，意为“准备好的”。例如：
Is everything ready? 一切都准备好了吗？
Are you ready? 你准备好了吗？
（2）be/get ready to + 动词原形，意为“准备做……”。例如：
I’m getting ready to travel. 我正准备去旅行。
【拓展】
be ready for意为“准备去……”，后接名词或动名词，同义短语为get ready for。例如：
I’m ready for bed. 我正准备睡觉。
The chicken will soon be ready for the pot.
这些鸡肉很快就可以准备下锅了。
5. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks.
mind作及物动词，意为“介意、照料、留神、注意”。常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中，后面接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句。例如：
Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？
Don’t mind me.不要管我。
【拓展】mind还可作名词，意为“智力、头脑、想法、意见”。例如：
He has quick mind. 他头脑敏锐。
Tom changed his mind at last. 最后Tom改变了主意。
练一练：
I. 按括号中的要求改写句子。
1. We had a good time in the park yesterday. (同义句转换)
We ______ ______ in the park yesterday.
2. Sleeping eight hours a night is very important. (同义句转换)
______ very important ______ ______ eight hours a night.
3. It’s important that we should eat a balanced diet. (同义句转换)
It’s important ______ ______ ______ ______ a balanced diet.
4. What’s the matter with you? (同义句转换)
What’s ______ ______ you?
5. I think I have a cold. (改为否定句)
I ______ ______ I ______ a cold.
6. She has a toothache. (对划线部分提问)
______ the ______ ______ her?
7. My head hurts. (同义句转换)
I ______ a ______.
8. There is a tall building in front of my house. (同义句转换)
A tall building ______ in front of my house.
9. He need not return the book three days ago. (同义句转换)
He ______ ______ ______ return the book three days ago.
10. I hope to buy a present for my mother with my own money. (同义句转换)
I hope ______ I ______ ______ a present for my mother with my own money.
II.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. — 你的手表怎么了？
— 它不走了。
— ______ ______ _____ your watch?
— It’s doesn’t work.
2. 多吃蔬菜和水果对我们来说是必要的。
It’s necessary ______ us ______ ______ more fruit and vegetables.
3. 那个男孩喜欢用英语和别人说话。
The boy ______ ______ ______ others in English.
4. — 你怎么了？
— 我牙疼。
— ______ ______ ______?
— I have a ______.
5. 你看上去气色不好，请躺下休息一下吧。
You don’t look ______. Please ______ ______ and have a rest.
6. 你应该帮助你母亲做家务。
You ______ ______ your mother ______ the housework.
7. 你介意调低音乐吗？
Would you ______ _____ ______the music?
8. 所有学生在为运动会做准备。
All the students _____ _____ _____ _____the sports meeting.
III. 补全对话。
Choose the best choice from A to F to finish the dialogue. You have one more answer. Each choice should be used only once.
A: Hi, Peter. I see you wearing a pair of glasses. But you didn’t wear it before, did you?
B: (1) But I’m afraid I have to wear it now.
A: (2)
B: Because I get screen sightedness（近视症）and (3)
A: (4) What happened?
B: My doctor said that I watched movies or played games on my iPad quite a lot.
I suggest you not to do that like me.
A: (5) Peter.
B: You’re welcome.
A. Why? B. I’m sorry to hear that.
C. No, I didn’t. D. Thank you for your advice.
E. Yes, I did. F. I can’t see things clearly.
1 2 3 4 5
【参考答案】
I. 按括号中的要求改写句子。
1. enjoyed ourselves 2. It’s; to sleep
3. for us to eat 4. wrong with 5. don’t think; have
6. What’s; matter with 7. have; headache
8. lies/ 9. didn’t need to 10. that; can buy
II.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. What’s wrong with 2. for; to eat
3. enjoys/likes talking with/to
4. What’s the matter; toothache
5. well; lie down 6. should help; with/do
7.mind turning down 8. are getting ready for
III. 补全对话。
1—5 CAFBD
Unit 2单词
clean up 打扫(或清楚)干净
cheer /tʃɪə/ v. 欢呼; 喝彩
cheer up (使)变得更高兴; 振奋起来
give out 分发; 散发
volunteer /'vɒlən'tɪə/ v. 义务做; 自愿做n. 志愿者
come up with 想出; 提出(主意、计划、回答等)
put off 推迟
sign /saɪn/ n. 标志; 信号
notice /'nəʊtɪs/ n. 通知; 通告; 注意v. 注意到; 意识到
hand out 分发
call up 打电话给(某人); 征召
used to 曾经......; 过去......
lonely /'ləʊnlɪ/ adj.孤独的; 寂寞的
care for 照顾; 非常喜欢
several /'sevrəl/ pron.几个; 数个; 一些
strong /strɒŋ/ adj.强烈的; 强壮的
feeling /'fi:lɪŋ/ n. 感觉; 感触
satisfaction /'sætɪs'fækʃən/ n. 满足; 满意
joy /dʒɒɪ/ n. 高兴; 愉快
owner /'əʊnə/ n. 物主; 主人
try out 参加......选拔; 试用
journey /'dʒɜ:nɪ/ n. (尤指长途)旅行; 行程
raise /'reɪz/ v. 募集; 征集
alone /ə'ləʊn/ adv.独自; 单独
repair /rɪ'peə/ v. 修理; 修补
fix /fɪks/ v. 修理; 安装
fix up 修理; 装饰
give away 赠送; 捐赠
take after (外貌或行为)像
broken /'brəʊkən/ adj.破损的; 残缺的
wheel /wi:l/ n. 车轮; 轮子
letter /'letə/ n. 信; 函
Miss /mɪs/ n. 女士; 小姐
set up 建立; 设立
disabled /dɪs'eɪbld/ adj. 丧失能力的; 有残疾的
make a difference 影响; 有作用
blind /blaɪnd/ adj. 瞎的; 失明的
deaf /def/ adj. 聋的
imagine /ɪ'mædʒɪn/ v. 想象; 设想
difficulty /'dɪfɪkəltɪ/ n. 困难; 难题
open /'əʊpən/ v. 开; 打开
door /dɔ:/ n. 门
carry /'kærɪ/ v. 拿; 提; 扛
train /treɪn/ v. 训练; 培训
excited adj. 激动的; 兴奋的
training /'treɪnɪŋ/ n. 训练; 培训
kindness /'kaɪndnɪs/ n. 仁慈; 善良
clever /'klevə/ adj. 聪明的; 聪颖的
understand /'ʌndə'stænd/ v. (understood) 理解; 领会
change v. & n. 变化; 改变
interest /'ɪntrɪst/ n. 兴趣; 关注;v.使感兴趣; 使关注
sir /sɜ:/ n. 先生(用于正式信函中对不知名的男性收信人的称呼时, 写为Sir)
madam /'mædəm/ n. 夫人; 女士(用于正式信函中对不知名的女性收信人的称呼时,写为Madam)
Mario /'mereo/ 马里奥(男名)
Jimmy /'dʒɪmɪ/ 吉米(男名)
Unit2 知识梳理
【重点单词】
clean up 打扫（清除）干净
cheer [tʃiə] v. 欢呼
cheer up 变得更高兴，振奋起来
give out 分发，散发
volunteer [ˌvɔlənˈtiə] n. & v. 志愿者；义务做
come up with 想出，提出
put off 推迟
sign [saɪn] n. 标记，符号，标牌
notice [ˈnəʊtɪs] n. & v. 通知，公告；注意到
hand out 分发
call up 打电话给…某人，征召
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
lonely ['ləʊnlɪ] adj. 孤独的，寂寞的
care for 照顾，非常喜欢
several [ˈsevrəl] prep. 几个，数个，一些
strong [strɒŋ] adj. 强壮的，强烈的
feeling [ˈfi:lɪŋ] n. 感觉，感触
satisfaction [ˌsætɪs'fækʃn] n. 满足，满意
joy [dʒɔɪ] n. 高兴，愉快
owner [ˈəʊnə(r)] n. 所有者，物主
try out 参加…选拔，试用
journey ['dʒɜ:nɪ] n. （尤指长途）旅行，行程
raise [reɪz] v. 抬起，举起，筹集，征集
alone [əˈləun] adv. 独自地，孤独地
repair [riˈpɛə] v. 修理，修补
fix [fiks] v. 修理，安装
fix up 修理，修补
give away 赠送，捐赠
take after （外貌或行为）像
broken ['brəʊkən] adj. 破损的，残缺的
wheel [wi:l] n. & v. 轮子，车轮；旋转
letter [ˈletə] n. 信件，字母
Miss [mɪs] n. 小姐
set up 建立，设立
disabled [disˈeibəld] adj. 有残疾的，丧失能力的
make a difference 影响，有作用
blind [blaɪnd] adj. 盲的，盲目的，失明的
deaf [def] adj. 聋的
imagine [ɪˈmædʒɪn] v. 想象，设想
difficulty ['dɪfɪkəltɪ] n. 困难
open [ˈəʊpən] v. 打开
door [dɔ:] n. 门
carry ['kærɪ] v. 携带，搬运
train [treɪn] v. 训练，培养
training [ˈtreɪnɪŋ] n. 训练，培训
excited [ɪkˈsaɪtɪd] adj. 激动的，兴奋的
kindness [ˈkaɪndnəs] n. 仁慈，善良，亲切，善意
clever [ˈklevə] adj. 聪明的，机灵的
understand [ˌʌndəˈstænd] v. 懂，理解
change [tʃeɪndʒ] n. & v. 改变
interest ['ɪntrəst] n. & v. 感兴趣；兴趣
sir [sɜ:(r)] n. 先生
madam ['mædəm] n. 夫人，女士
【重点短语】
1.Clean-Up Day 清洁日
2. an old people’s home 养老院
3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难
4. used to 过去常常......
5. care for 关心;照顾
6. the look of joy 快乐的表情
7. at the age of 在......岁时
8.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋
10. give out 分发;散发
11. come up with 想出；提出
12. make a plan 制订计划
13. make some notices 做些公告牌
14. try out 试用;试行
15. work for 为…工作；为…. 效力
16. put up 建造;举起;张贴
17. hand out 分发;散发;发给
18. call up 打电话;召集
19. put off 推迟;延迟
20. for example 比如；例如
21. raise money 筹钱;募捐
22. take after 与......相像;像
23. give away 赠送;捐赠
24. fix up 修理;修补;解决
25. be similar to 与……相似
26. set up 建立;设立
27. disabled people 残疾人
28. make a difference 影响;有作用
29. be able to 能够
30. after-school reading program 课外阅读项目
【重点句型】
1. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。
2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. 清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。
3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. 每周六上午，他都在一'家动物医院当志愿者。
4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 去年，她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。
5.You can see in their eyes that they're going on a different journey with each new book. 从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每本不同的新书之旅。
6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. 我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。
7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money. 现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。
8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Luck. 在你的帮助下，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。
Unit2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
01词汇讲解
1. clean up
clean up意为“打扫”，up为副词，此短语是动副型短语，如果宾语为代词，应放在短语中间；如果宾语是名词，可放于短语之间或两词之后。例如：
Please clean up this street at once. 请马上把这条街打扫干净。
This street is dirty. Please clean it up. 这条街道太脏了，请把它打扫干净。
2. cheer up
cheer up意为“变得高兴，振奋起来”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语。cheer up既可作及物动词短语，也可作不及物动词短语。例如：
He cheered up at once when I agreed to help him. 我同意帮助他时，他马上高兴起来。
Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 振作起来！这消息不是太坏。
He took her to the cinema to cheer her up. 为了让她高兴，他带她去了电影院。
【拓展】
(1) cheer作不及物动词，意为“欢呼；喝彩”。例如：
The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived.
当这位著名的歌手到达时，女孩子们大声欢呼。
(2) cheer作及物动词，意为“为……欢呼，高呼”。例如：
The whole village turned out to cheer the hero. 全村人都出来向那位英雄欢呼。
(3) cheer作可数名词，意为“欢呼声；喝彩声”。例如：
We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym. 我们在体育场外就能听到学生的欢呼声。
(4) cheer on意为“为……加油”。例如：
We will have a basketball game this afternoon. Would you like to come and cheer us on?
我们今天下午有一场篮球比赛，你愿意来为我们加油吗？
3. give out
give out意为“散发；分发”，相当于hand out，是“动词 + 副词”结构的短语动词。例如：
Can you give the drinks out, please? 请你分发一下饮料好吗？
【拓展】give out的不同含义：
(1) give out表示“发出（光、热、声音、气味等）。”例如：
The sun gives out light and heat to the earth. 太阳给大地光和热。
(2) give out表示“用完；耗尽”。例如：
Our food supplies began to give out. 我们存的粮食要吃完了。
4. put off
put off意为“推迟”，是“动词 + 副词”结构的短语动词，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。例如：
They put off the match because of the heavy rain. 因为大雨他们推迟了比赛。
Please don’t put off doing your homework. 请你们不要拖延做作业。 Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今天的事不要拖到明天办。
【拓展】由put构成的常用短语有：
put away将……收起来 put on穿上；上演
put down放下，记下 put out熄灭；伸出
put back放回原处 put up张贴；搭建
5. notice
notice在课文中作可数名词，意为“公告牌；布告”。例如：
There is a notice on the wall, saying “No Parking”.墙上的告示上写着“禁止停车”。
I’ll put up a notice about the meeting. 我将会贴一张会议通告。
【拓展】
(1) notice作不可数名词，意为“注意”。例如：
Take notice of what they say. 注意听他们说。
(2) notice作动词，意为“注意到，留心，看到”。例如：
Did you notice Jack come in? 你注意到杰克进来了吗？
Did you notice his hand shaking? 你注意到他的手在抖吗？
6. lonely
lonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感情色彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。
When his wife died, he was very lonely. 太太死后他非常孤独。
The old man lived in the lonely mountain village. 那个老人住在荒凉的山村。
【拓展】lonely与alone的辨析：
lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如：
Don’t leave me alone. I will feel lonely. 别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。
7. raise
raise是及物动词，意为“筹集”。常用短语：raise sth. for sb./ sth.意为“为某人/物 而筹集……”。例如：
We raise money for Hope Project. 我们为希望工程筹钱。
【拓展】
(1) raise作及物动词，意为“提升，举起，升起”。例如：
raise one’s hand举手
raise one’s glasses to sb. 举杯祝福某人
raise prices涨价
(2) raise作及物动词，还可意为“种植；饲养；培养；抚养”。例如：
Their family raised much corn. 他们家种了很多玉米。
8. repair
repair是及物动词，意为“修理；修补；修缮（房屋等）”。例如：
He repairs old furniture. 他修理旧家具。
【拓展】repair, mend与fix的辨析
repair
比fix或mend正式，常用来表示修补破损或有洞的东西。
Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it. 玛丽修理收音机只是围栏消遣。
mend
着重指修补衣服上的洞，道路，屋顶或围栏等。
My mother mended clothes for me yesterday. 昨天我妈妈为我缝补衣服。
fix
侧重于“安装”，有时也可用作“修理”，常用来指修理机器、车辆等。
The workers are fixing the machine. 工人们在安装机器。
9. imagine
imagine是动词，意为“想象，推测”，后面可接名词、代词、宾语从句、复合宾语，常用于结构：imagine doing sth. 想象做某事。例如：
We can’t imagine whatChinawill be like in the future. 我们无法想象将来中国是什么样子。
I can’t imagine leaving all my friends. 我无法想象离开我所有的朋友。
No one can imagine what would happen next.
没有人能想象出下一步会发生什么。
练一练：
I. 英汉互译。
1. 打扫干净________
2. cheer up_______
3. used to do sth. _____
4. make a difference ______
5. come up with ____ ___
6. 用光，用完________
7. put off_______
9. give up __________
10. 张贴_______
II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. The old man lived a_______ after his wife died. He felt very lonely.
2. My younger sister looks very sad. Let’s go and c_______ her up.
3. My uncle has a large house and he is the o_______ of the house.
4. They held a concert to r_______ money for Project Hope.
5. She wants to he a _______(志愿者).
6. There are ______(几个) girls in the room. They are talking about the vacation plans.
7. They have a strong feeling of _______(满足).
8. — My alarm clock doesn’t work. Who can help me r_______ it?
— You can ask Tony for help.
9. Please o_______ the window and let the fresh air in.
10. I can’t ______(想象) what the future life is like.
III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Staying with animals often gives me a ______(feel) of fear.
2. Tom is the ______(own) of the car. He has had it for two months.
3. He smiled in ______(satisfied) when he won the game.
4. The players are in ______(train) for the next flight.
5. Everybody felt _____(excite) when they heard of the good news.
6. She had _____(difficult) finding the way to the museum.
7. Everybody should try to help the ______(disable).
8. I will never forget your _____(kind).
参考答案
I. 英汉互译。
1. clean up 2. 变得高兴；振奋起来 3. 过去常常做某事 4. 影响；有作用
5. 想出 6. run out of 7. 推迟 8. help sb. (to) do sth. 9. 放弃 10. put up
II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. alone 2. cheer 3. owner 4. raise
5. volunteer 6. several 7. satisfaction
8. repair 9. open 10. imagine
III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. feeling 2. owner 3. satisfaction
4. training 5. excited
6. difficulty 7. disabled 8. Kindness
02重点句型解析
1. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
used to do sth.是一个固定结构，意思是“过去经常做某事”，后面用动词原形，表示过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作，并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在。
肯定句：
I used to play with my friends after school.
过去放学后我常常和朋友们一起玩。
否定句：
You didn’t use to like pop songs.=You usedn’t to like pop songs.
你过去不喜欢流行歌曲。
一般疑问句：
Did your sister use to be quiet? = Used your sister to be quiet?
你的妹妹过去常常是很安静吗？
there be句式：
There used to be a lot of fishes in this river.
过去这条小河常常有许多鱼。
【拓展】
(1) be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，是动词短语use …to do的被动语态结构。例如：
Knives are used to cut things.小刀是用来切东西的。
(2) be used to doing something意思是“习惯于做某事”，to后接动词-ing形式。例如：
My father is used to living in the village. 我爸爸习惯于住在小山村。
2. I take after my mother.
take after意为“像……；与……相像”，指由于血缘关系而（在外貌、性格等方面）相似；相当于be similar to，其中after是介词，其后常接名词或代词。例如：
Your daughter doesn’t take after you at all. 你女儿长得一点都不像你。
【拓展】
(1) look like意为“看上去像……”，多指外貌。例如：
You look like my brother. 你和我弟弟长得像。
(2) be like意为“像……”，可指外貌，也可指性格。例如：
What is your sister like? 你妹妹的性格怎么样？
3. I’ve run out of it.
(1) run out of意为“用完，用尽”，相当于use up。例如：
We have run out of paper.我们的纸用完了。
(2) run out“用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为表示“时间、食物、金钱等”词；而run out of意为“用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人。例如：
You’d better go home before your money runs out.
你最好别等钱花光再回家。
We ran out of coal, and had to burn wood.
我们的煤用光了，只好烧柴。
4. Lucky makes a big difference to my life.
make a difference to 意为“（对……）产生影响”。difference前面可加修饰词，如big, great等；to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词。例如：
Education can make a big difference to the quality of a person’s life. 教育对一个人的生活质量有很大影响。
The accident has made a great difference to his life.
这次事故对他的人生产生了重大影响。
One false step will make a great difference.
失之毫厘，谬以千里。
【拓展】make no difference to意为“对……没有影响”。例如：
It makes no difference to me. 这对我没什么影响。
5. I was excited about the idea of having a dog.
be excited about意为“对……感到兴奋、激动”。例如：
I was excited about going to the zoo. 去动物园令我兴奋。
【拓展】
be excited to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到兴奋”。例如：
Jack was excited to travel there by plane.
杰克对于乘飞机去那里旅行感到很兴奋。
句式精练
I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。
1. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。
You _____ ______ ______ clean up the city parks.
2. 我希望你的梦想能够实现。
I hope your dream can _____ _____.
3. 谢谢你帮我做家务。
______ ______ ______ _____ me with housework.
4. Lily说她有能力自己完成这项工作。
Lily said that she ______ _____ _____ finish the work by herself.
5. 我的观点和你的相似。
My opinions are _____ ______ yours.
6. 那位教授对我的生活产生了影响。
The professor ______ _______ ______ to my life.
7. 我们得尽力使他振作起来。
We should try to ______ ______ ______.
8. 你认为他会把钱花光吗？
Do you think that he will _____ _____ _____ all the money?
II. 根据要求完成下列各题。
1. He used to live in Beijing. (改为一般疑问句)
______ he _____ _____ live in Beijing?
2. They made a decision to travel abroad. (改为同义句)
They _____ _____ travel abroad.
3. I hope I can pass the exam. (改为同义句)
I _______ ______ ______ the exam.
4. could, help, clean, you, city, up, parks, to, the(连词成句)
______________________
5. He doesn’t know when he should go there. (改为同义句)
He doesn’t know ____ ____ go there.
6. The writer became famous when he was twenty-four years old.
The writer became famous ____ _____ _____ of twenty-four.
7. Please tell me how I can use the camera. (改为同义句)
Please tell me ______ ______ ______ the camera.
8. Can you care for my pet while I am away?
Can you ____ ______ _____ my pet while I am away?
III. 补全对话。
A: Hey, Frank, 1.__________?
B: Pretty good.
A: Did you have fun last weekend?
B: 2. ________. I went to the old people’s house with my friends and have a good time
A: Wow, What did you do there?
B: We helped the old clean their houses and chatted with them. How about you?
A: I just read a science magazine.
B: Oh, really? 3. _________?
A: Hum… it is about the main cause of smog (雾霭) and ways to beat it.
B：Great! But 4 ?
A: We can live a greener life by using cleaner energy to solve the problem, I think. B: You do?
A: Yes, natural gas is a good choice. By the way，5. _______?
B: It’s 7:45 now.
A: Oh, God. Hurry up or we’ll be late.
B: OK.
参考答案
I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。
1. can/could help to 2. come true
3. Thank you for helping 4. was able to
5. similar to 6. make a difference
7. cheer him up 8. run out of
II. 根据要求完成下列各题。
1. Did; use to 2. decided to
3. hope to pass
4. Could you help to clean up the city parks?
5. when to 6. at the age
7. how to use 8. take care of
III. 补全对话。
1. How is it going?
2. Yes, we did.
3. What is it about?
4. How to live a greener life? / How can we live a greener life?
5. What time is it now? / What’s the time now?
Unit 3单词 （音标）
rubbish [ˈrʌbɪʃ] n. 垃圾，废物
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
fold [fəʊld] v. 对折，折叠
mess [mes] n. 混乱，脏乱，食堂
throw [θrəʊ] v. 扔，投掷
all the time 频繁，反复
neither [ˈni:ðə] pron.adv. 二者都不；也不
shirt [ʃə:t] n. 运动衫，衬衫
as soon as 一…就…，尽快
pass [pɑ:s] v. 前行，经过，批准
borrow ['bɒrəʊ] v. 借，借用
lend [lend] v. 借给，借出
finger [ˈfiŋgə(r)] n. 手指
hate [heɪt] v. 憎恶，讨厌
chore [tʃɔ:(r)] n. 杂务，乏味的工作
while [wail] conj. 当...时候，而，然而
snack [snæk] n. 小吃，点心，快餐
stress [stres] n. 精神压力，心理负担
waste [weɪst] v. 浪费，消耗
in order to 目的是，为了
provide [prə'vaid] v. 提供，供给，供应
anyway [ˈeniwei] adv. 无论如何,不管怎样，而且
depend [diˈpend] v. 取决于，依靠，依赖
depend on 依靠于
develop [dɪˈveləp] v. 发展，壮大，开发，研制
independent [ˌindiˈpendənt] adj. 独立自主的，不受约束的
independence [ˌɪndɪ'pendəns] n. 独立
fair [fɛə] adj. 公平的，公正的
unfair [ˌʌnˈfeə] adj. 不公平的，有偏见的
fairness [ˈfeənɪs] n. 公正性，合理性
since [sɪns] conj. 因为，既然
neighbor [ˈneɪbə] n. 邻居
take care of 照顾，处理
ill [il] adj. 生病的，有病的
drop [drɔp] v. 落下，跌落
Unit3 知识梳理
【重点短语】
1.go out for dinner 出去吃饭
2.stay out late 在外面待到很晚
3.go to the movies 去看电影
4.get a ride 搭车
5.work on 从事
6.finish doing sth. 完成做某事
7.clean and tidy 干净整洁的
8.do the dishes 洗餐具
9.take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
10.fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
11.sweep the floor 扫地
12.make your/the bed 整理床铺
13.clean the livng room 打扫客厅
14.no problem 没问题
15.welcome sb. 欢迎某人
16.come home from school/work放学/下班回家
17.throw down 扔下
18.sit down 坐下
19.come over 过来
20.take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
21.all the time 一直;总是
22.all day/evening 整曰/夜
23.do housework 做家务
24.shout back 大声回应
25.walk away 走开
26.share the housework 分担家务
27.a comfortable home 一个舒适的家
28.in surprise 惊讶地
29.get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
30.watch one show 观看一个节目
31.hang out 闲逛
32.pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人
33.lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
34.get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
35. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
36.do chores 做杂务
37.help sb. (to ) d o /with sth•帮助某人干某事
38.bring a tent带顶帐篷来
39.buy some snacks买些小吃
40.go to the store去商店
41.invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会
42.make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
43.enough stress足够的压力
44.a waste of time浪费时间
45.in order to为了
46.get good grades取得好成绩
47.mind doing sth. 介意做某事
48.depend on依赖;依靠
49.develop children's independence发展孩子的独立性
50.look after/take care of 照顾；照看
51.do one's part in (doing ) sth. 做某人分内的事
【重点句型】
1.Could you please clean your room? 你能打扫一下你的房间吗？
2. I have to do some work. 我必须干些活。
3. Could I use your computer? 我可以用一下你的电脑吗？
4. She won't be happy if she sees this mess. 如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。
5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 整整一周，她什么家务活都不干了，我也一样。
6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV .我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。
7. I hate to do chores. 我不喜欢做杂务。
Unit3 Could you please clean your room?
01词汇讲解
1. as a result
as a result为习惯短语，意为“因此；结果”，在句中作状语。例如：
He didn’t practise, and as a result he lost.
他没有练习，所以输了。
The traffic was very heavy and as a result we didn’t arrive on time. 交通十分拥挤，因此我们没有能准时到达。
【拓展】 as a result of意为“由于……；作为……的结果”。先交代结果，再用as a result of连接原因。
例如：We can’t go out as a result of the heavy rain. 因为下大雨，我们不能出去。
2. waste
（1）waste 作不可数名词，意为“浪费，废物，垃圾”。例如：
I hate waste. 我讨厌浪费。
（2）waste 作形容词，意为“无用的，浪费的，荒废的”。例如：
We shouldn’t throw waste paper about.
我们不应该乱扔废纸。
A factory is pouring waste water into the river.
一家工厂正在向河里倾倒废水。
（3）waste 作及物动词，意为“浪费”。例如：
We shouldn’t waste the time. 我们不应该浪费时间。
3. pass
（1）pass作动词，意为“经过，传递”。例如：
The school bus passed our garden. 校车经过了我们的花园。
Please pass me the book. 请把书递给我。
（2）pass 作名词，意为“关口，通过”。例如：
He has got a pass mark. 他达到了及格标准。
4. borrow＆lend
（1）borrow 意为“借，借用”；反义词是lend（借出）。
“borrow…from”意为“从……借（入）……”。
I often borrow books from the library. 我经常从图书馆里借书。（2）“lend…to”意为“把……借（出）……”。例如：
I lend my book to Lily. 我把我的书借给莉莉了。
5. depend
depend意思为“依靠、依赖、取决于”等，只用作不及物动词，通常与介词 on, upon 连用，主要用法有：
（1）depend on/upon＋某人或某物例如：
Whether we’ll go camping depends on the weather.
我们是否去野营要看天气。
有时可在某人或某物后用介词for。例如：
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.
儿童的衣食靠父母。
（2）depend on [upon]＋从句 例如：
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.
我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。
The amount you pay depends on where you live.
你付多少钱要看你住什么地方。
（3）口语中说 It (all) depends. /That depends.意为“那要看情况”。例如：
- Are you going too? 你也去吗?
－That depends. 那要看情况。
depend on意为“视……而定；取决于；依靠”，其后可跟名词、代词或从句作宾语，on也可以换为upon。例如：
－When shall we start? 我们什么时候动身？
－It depends on(upon) the weather. 依天气情况而定。
He depended on his uncle after his father died.
父亲去世后，他依靠他的叔叔。
6. while
（1）while作连词时，可以意为“当……时候, 和……同时”。例如：
Our friends arrived while we were having dinner.
当我们吃饭的时候，朋友们来了。
（2）while还可作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示两者之间的对比。例如：
I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.
我喜欢听音乐，而我的弟弟爱好运动。
7. provide
provide为及物动词，意为“提供”，常和with搭配。provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”，其同意表达为 provide sth. for sb.。例如：
The Sun provides us with light and heat.
太阳给我们提供光和热。
Sheep provide us with wool. /Sheep provide wool for us.
羊供给我们羊毛。
8. since
（1）since作介词，意为“从…以来; 自从…之后”。例如：
She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。
She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。
（2）since作连词，可以意为“因为; 既然; 由于”。例如：
Since it is late I shall go home now.
由于时间晚了, 我现在要回家了。
Since you are so sure of it he’ll believe you.
既然你对此这么有把握, 他会相信你的。
练一练：
Ⅰ.英汉互译。
1. as a result _________ 2. 依靠，依赖________
3. 目的是，为了_______ 4. take care of _______
5. in surprise _________ 6. 倒垃圾_________
7. come over _________ 8. 闲逛，溜达________
9. provide sth. for sb. _______10. all the time _____
Ⅱ. 根据首字母或者汉语提示补全单词。
1. Jack p______ the ball very quickly in basketball games.
2. I b_______ a book from the library yesterday.
3. _______ (既然) everyone is here, let’s begin our class.
4. －Sandy, could you please take the r_______?
－No problem.
5. What a _______ (杂乱)！You should clean up your bedroom at once.
6. The hotel will p_______ free breakfast for guests.
7. Don’t w______ money to buy something useless.
8. She lives next to my house. We are n_______.
9. I like singing w_______ my sister likes dancing.
10. Nowadays most people have too much _______ (精神压力).
Ⅲ. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空。
1. I like to sweep the floor but I hate_______ (do) the dishes.
2. When did you finish ________ (write) the book?
3. We should learn to be ________ (independence).
4. China and India are ________ (develop) countries.
5. They challenged him about the _______ (fair) of his remarks.
6. Her mother often ________(help) her ________(fold) the clothes. Look! She ________(fold) the clothes for her now.
7. My mom ________(get) angry with me when I forgot to clean the room.
8. I called you yesterday, but you ________(not, be) in.
9. My friend, Mike, enjoys ________(cook) very much.
10. －May I use your computer?
－Sorry, I ________(work) on it now.
参考答案
Ⅰ.英汉互译。
1. 因此，结果 2. depend on 3. in order to
4. 照料，爱护 5. 惊讶地
6. take out the rubbish 7. 过来，顺便来访
8. hang out 9. 给某人提供某物
10. 总是，反复，频繁的
Ⅱ. 根据首字母或者汉语提示补全单词。
1. passes 2. borrowed 3. Since
4. rubbish 5. mess 6. provide
7. waste 8. neighbors 9. while 10. stress
Ⅲ. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空
1. to do / doing 2. writing 3. independent
4. developing 5. fairness
6. helps; (to) fold; is folding 7. got
8. weren’t 9. cooking 10. am working
02重点句型解析
1. Could you please clean your room?
（1）“Could + 主语 + please + 动词原形 + 其他？”这一句型相当于“Could + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他，please？”意为“请……，好吗？”。这两种句型均表示礼貌的请求，语气委婉，客气。其中could在此句中不表示过去，而表示说话人的语气委婉。因此回答时，不能用could回答。例如：
Could you please help me with my English?
= Could you help me with my English, please?
请你帮我学英语好吗？
－Could I have a look at it, please? 请让我看一看它好吗？
－Certainly！当然可以。
2. They should …in order to get good grades and get into a good university.
（1）本句中的in order to是一个固定搭配的短语，意思是“为了”，后接动词原形构成不定式结构在句子中作目的状语，否定形式是在to前面加not。in order to可以和so as to 互换，但后者不能放在句首。例如：
In order not to be late, you should go now.
为了不迟到，你现在应该走。
（2）in order to+动词原形和so as to+动词原形可以转换成in order that+从句和so that+从句。例如：
He did anything in order to make money.
= He did anything in order that he could make money.
为了赚钱，他什么都做。
Please go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
=Please go in quietly so that we won’t wake the baby.
请不声不响地进去以免弄醒孩子。
3. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. “neither +be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”表示“……也不”，指后者与前者具有相同的情况，但是表示的是否定意义的相同。相当于一个主谓倒装的否定句。neither 此处意为“也不”，是副词。例如：
Mary doesn’t like singing. Neither do I.
玛丽不喜欢唱歌，我也不喜欢。（我和Mary 有相同的情况，前句是否定句，下文用neither开头，主谓倒装）
如果上文是肯定句，下文表示与上文有相同情况时，用“so+ be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”。例如：
Mary likes singing. So do I.
玛丽喜欢唱歌。我也喜欢。（我和Mary有相同情况，前句是肯定句，下文用so开头，主谓倒装）
【拓展】
当表示对上文所讲内容的赞同时，可以用“so + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词”或者“neither + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词”来表示。前者用于肯定句，后者用于否定句。例如：
Mary plays the piano well. So she does.
玛丽钢琴弹得很好。她确实弹得好。(表示对上文所讲内容的赞同，前句是肯定句，下文用so开头，主谓不倒装)
Mary doesn’t play the piano well. Neither she does.
玛丽钢琴弹的不好。她确实弹得不好。（表示对上文内容的赞同，前句是否定句，下文用neither开头，主谓不倒装）
4. And she won’t be happy if she sees this mess.
（1）本句中if后面的部分是这个句子中的条件状语从句。在以when，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表将来。例如：
I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back.
当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。
If it doesn’t rain, he will come here on time.
如果不下雨，他会按时来这儿的。
常见的“主将从现”有以下三种情况：
1）条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。例如：
When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。
2）如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。 例如：
Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。
3）如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。例如：
You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 在阅览室时应保持安静。
5. I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and at home.
本句中的make作使役动词，意为“使……；让……”讲时，常构成make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”，类似的动词还有let，have等。例如：
The boss made them work for long time. 老板让他们长时间工作。
They made us forget past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。
Their boss often let them work long hours every day. 他们老板经常让他们每天工作很长时间。
【拓展】
make作使役动词，还可以构成：make + 宾语(sb./sth.) + 形容词/名词（作宾补），即make sb. / sth. + adj./n.。例如：
What he said makes us happy. 他所说的话使我们很高兴。
We made John our monitor. 我们选约翰当班长。
练一练：
Ⅰ. 句型转换。
A）按要求转换句型。
1. Could you help me clean the living room? (作肯定回答)
________, ________.
2. Thanks for helping me with my homework. (改为同义句)
Thanks for ______ me ______ ______ my homework.
3. My brother hates cooking at home. (对划线部分提问)
________ _______ your brother hate ________ at home?
4. Could I use your DVD player? (同义句转换)
Could I _______ the DVD player _______ you?
5. She has to do her homework at home. (改为否定句)
She _______ _______ to do her homework at home.
B）同义句转换。
6. I will take care of your sister while you are away.
I will _______ _______ your sister while you are away.
7. She agreed to help me learn cooking.
She agreed to help me _______ cooking.
8. The school will provide free textbooks for us.
The school will provide _______ ________ free textbooks.
9. To swim in the river is very dangerous.
_______ dangerous ______ _______ in the river.
10. I arrived at the theatre early so that I could get good seat.
I arrived at the theatre early ______ _____ ______ get a good seat.
Ⅱ. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. 他不喜欢游泳。我也不喜欢。
He doesn’t like swimming. _______ _______ _______.
2. 如果你努力学习，你就能学好英语。
You will learn English well if you _______ _______.
3. 我们将向他们提供吃的和喝的。
We’ll _______ food and drink _______ them.
4. 你拥有的朋友越多，你就越快乐。
The _______ friends you have, the _______ you will be.
5. 这个令人激动的消息让我们很激动。
The _______ news _______ us very _______.
6. 我想星期天邀请他们来参加晚会。
I want to ___________ them ___________ the party on Sunday.
7. 你把你的词典借给我好吗？
_____ you _____ ____ me your _____?
8. 为了不再迟到，她今天早上起得很早。
She got up early this morning _____ ____ ____ ____ be late again.
9. 我们应该保持我们的教室干净整洁。
We should keep our classroom _____ ____ ____.
10. 他们还太小，不得不依靠父母。
They are too young so they have to ____ ____ their parents.
Ⅲ. 补全对话。
A. A scarf is interesting．
B. That sounds good．
C. Why don’t you get her a pet cat?
D. It’s too personal．
E. How can I get to her house?
F. At least 20 dollars．
G. What should I get her?
A：My friend Kate invited me to her birthday party． 1 、
B：How about an album?
A： 2 How much is an album?
B： 3
A：That’s too expensive．I don’t have enough money for it．
B：Oh． 4
A：No，no．She doesn’t like cats．
B：I see．What about a scarf?
A： 5
B：Does she like flowers? Maybe flowers are wonderful．
A：Great! I will buy some for her．Thank you．
参考答案
Ⅰ. 句型转换。
A）1. Yes, sure 2. helping, to do
3. What does; doing 4. borrow; from
5. doesn’t have
B）6. look after / care for 7. with 8. us with
9. It’s, to swim 10. in order to
Ⅱ. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. Neither do I 2. work hard 3. provide, for
4. more, happier 5. exciting, made, excited
6. invite, to 7. Could, please lend, dictionary
8. in order not to 9. clean and tidy 10. depend on
Ⅲ. 补全对话。
1-5: GBFCD
Unit 4单词 （音标）
allow [əˈlaʊ] v. 允许，准许
wrong [rɔŋ] adj. 错误的
What's wrong? 哪儿不舒服?
midnight ['mɪdnaɪt] n. 午夜，子夜
look through 浏览，快速查看
guess [ɡes] v. 猜测，估计
deal [di:l] v. 处理，应付
big deal 重要的事
work out 成功地发展，解决
get on with 和睦相处，关系良好
relation [rɪˈleɪʃn] n. 关系，联系，交往
communicate [kəˈmju:nikeit] v. 沟通,通信,通讯
communication [kəˌmju:nɪˈkeɪʃn] n. 交流，沟通
argue [ˈɑ:ɡju:] v. 争论，争吵
cloud [klaʊd] n. 云
elder ['eldə(r)] adj. 年级较长的
instead [ɪnˈsted] adv. 代替
whatever [wɒtˈevər] pron. 任何,不管什么,无论什么
nervous [ˈnə:vəs] adj. 紧张不安的
offer ['a:fər] v. 提供，自愿给予
proper [ˈprɔpə] adj. 合适的，适当的
secondly [ˈsekəndli] adv. 第二，其次
explain [ɪkˈspleɪn] v. 讲解，解释，说明
clear [klɪə] adj. 清晰的，清楚易懂的
copy [ˈkɔpi] v. 复制
return [rɪ'tɜ:n] v. 回来，返回，归还
anymore ['enɪmɔ:] adv. 不再，再也不
member [ˈmembə] n. 成员，会员
pressure ['preʃə(r)] n. 压力
compete [kəm'pi:t] v. 比赛，竞争
opinion [əˈpɪnjən] n. 意见，想法，看法
skill [skɪl] n. 技能，技巧
typical [ˈtɪpɪkl] adj. 典型的
football [ˈfʊtbɔ:l] n. 足球
cut out 删去，删除
quick [kwɪk] adj. 快的，迅速的
continue [kənˈtɪnju:] v. 继续，连续
compare [kəm'peə] v. 比较
compare…with 比较，对比
crazy [ˈkreɪzɪ] adj. 疯狂的，狂热的
development [diˈveləpmənt] n. 发育，成长，发展
cause [kɔ:z] n. & v. 原因;造成，使发生
usual [ˈju:ʒuəl] adj. 通常的，平常的
in one's opinion 依… 看
perhaps [pəˈhæps] adv. 可能，大概，也许
Unit4 知识梳理
【重点单词】
1.have free time有空闲时间
2.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
3.hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛
4. after-school classes课外活动课
5. get into a fight with sb.与某人吵架/打架
6. until midnight直到半夜
7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈
8. too many太多
9. study too much学得过多
10. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠
11. write sb. a letter给某人写信
12. call sb. up打电话给某人
13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶
14. look through翻看
15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气
16. a big deal重要的事
17. work out成功地发展;解决
18. get on with与...相处
19. fight a lot经常吵架/打架
20. hang over笼罩
21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
23. so that以便
24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事
25. all the time一直
26. in future今后
27. make sb. angry使某人生气
28. worry about sth. 担心某事
29. copy one’ s homework抄袭某人的作业
30. be oneself做自己
31. family members
32. spend time alone独自消磨时光
33. give sb. pressure给某人施压
34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架
35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争
36. free time activities业余活动
37. get better grades取得更好的成绩
38. give one’ s opinion提出某人的观点
39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧
40. practice sports体育训练
41. cause stress造成压力
42. cut out删除
【重点句型】
1. I studied until midnight last night so I didn't get enough sleep. 我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。
2. Why don't you forget about it? 你为什么不忘掉它呢？
3. Although she's wrong , it,s not a big deal. 虽然她错了,但这并不是什么大事儿。
4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say he's sorry.他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。
5. Maybe you could go to his house. 也许你可以去他家。
6. I guess I could, but I don't want to surprise him. 我想我可以，但我不想让他感到惊讶。
Unit4 重点词汇讲解
1. allow
allow作动词，意为“允许”。用法如下：
（1）allow sth.意为“允许某事的发生”。例如：
I can’t allow such a thing.
我不允许发生这样的事。
（2）allow doing sth.意为“允许做某事”。例如：
We don’t allow eating in the classrooms.
我们不允许在教室吃饭。
We don’t allow smoking here.
我们不允许在此抽烟。
（3）allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。例如：
Her father would not allow her to eat sweets.
她父亲不允许她吃糖果。
They don’t allow students to smoke in the classroom.
他们不允许学生在教室抽烟。
（4）allow sb. sth. 意为“给予某人某物(尤指钱或时间)；让某人有(拥用或带有)某物”。例如：
He allows his son too much money.
他给他儿子的钱太多。
We’ll allow you time to answer.
我们将给你回答的时间。
2. get on with
get on意为“相处，进展”，也可用get along，其后接介词with。get on with sb. 意为“与某人和睦相处/关系良好”；get on well/badly with sth. 意为“某事进展顺利/不好”。例如：
He gets on (well) with his classmates.
他和同学们相处融洽。
How do you get on with your studies?
你的学业进展如何？
【拓展】
get on 还有“上车”的意思，后面常接bus; train等表示交通工具的词；反义词为get off。例如：
The old man got on/ off the bus slowly.
那位老人慢慢地上/下了公共汽车。
3. argue
argue作动词，意为“争论，争吵”。常用短语为：
argue with sb. 与某人争吵
argue about/on sth. 争辩某事
argue for/against sth. 为赞成/反对某事而辩论
例如：
Mrs. Brown argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.
布朗夫人因为那顿饭的价格跟服务员争吵。
Next class we’re arguing about family activities.
下节课我们辩论家庭活动。
argue对应的名词为argument，常用词组为：have an argument with sb. about/ on sth. 因某事与某人争论。例如：
I had an argument with my best friend last week.
上星期我与我最好的朋友吵了一架。
【拓展】
argue与discuss的辨析：
（1）argue着重于自己的看法、立场，提出论据，以理说服他人。例如：
There is no need arguing about the matter.
不必就此事辩论了。
（2）discuss重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有说服对方的成分。例如：
We’re going to discuss the question.
我们打算讨论这个问题。
4. instead
instead作副词，意为“代替，而不是”，常用作状语。例如：
He is tired. Let me go instead. 他累了，让我替他去吧。
She never studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day. 她从不学习，而是整天打网球。
【拓展】
instead与instead of的辨析：
（1）instead是副词，后面不接其他的词，一般情况下可不译出，通常放在句首或句末，在句首时常用逗号隔开，表示前面的事没做，而做了后面的事。例如：
He didn’t go to school. Instead, he went to the cinema.
他没有去学校，相反他去了电影院。
（2）instead of是介词短语，意为“代替，而不是”，后面可以跟与前面并列成分相应的名词、代词、动词-ing形式等作为介词宾语。例如：
He went to the cinema instead of going to school.
他去了电影院而不是学校。
5. offer
（1）offer 作动词，意为“给予；提供；提出”。例如：
He offered me 300 dollars for that old car.
他出300美元向我买那辆旧车。
Offer some coffee to the guests.
给客人端些咖啡来。
He offered me a cup of tea.
他给了我一杯茶。
（2）offer to do sth. 表示“愿意做某事；主动提出做某事”。例如：
I offered to help my mother do housework.
我主动提出帮助妈妈做家务。
She offered to drive me to the station.
她表示愿意开车送我去车站。
6. explain
explain是动词，意为“解释，说明，阐明”。其用法如下：
（1）explain sth. to sb.意为“向某人解释某事”。例如：
Please explain that rule to me.
请把这条规则给我讲一讲。
（2）“explain (to sb.) + 疑问词 + 从句”意为“向某人解释……”。例如： Please explain to me what this means.
请向我解释这是什么意思。
（3）“explain + that从句” 意为“解释……”。例如：
He explained that we could no longer stay.
他解释说我们不能再待下去了。
【注意】
explain后面不能接双宾语，在接间接宾语sb.时，前面应加介词to，即explain sth. to sb.
7. compare
（1）compare作动词，意为“比较，对照”，常与with连用。例如：
Compare your answers with those at the back of the book to see if they are right.
把你的答案同书后面的答案对照一下，看看是否正确。
My handwriting can not be compared with my father’s.
我的书法不能与我父亲的相比。
If you compare the two books, you will see that this one is better.
如果你比较一下这两本书，你会发现这一本好一些。
（2）compare作动词，还用作比喻意义，意为“比作”。例如：
Man’s life is often compared to a candle.
人生常被比为蜡烛。
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
莎士比亚把人世比作舞台。
8. push
push作动词，意为“推动；挤；鞭策；督促”。例如：
The little boy pushed the door open.
小男孩把门推开了。
We had to push our way through the crowd.
我们得从人群中挤过去。
The math teacher really pushes his students. That’s why they don’t like him that much.
那位数学老师确实对学生们鞭策过多了。这就是他们不那么喜欢他的原因。
You’d better not push me for an answer to your request.
你最好不要催促我答复你的请求。
练一练：
I. 英汉短语互译。
1．闲逛 _______
2．归还 ________
3．同意某人（的想法） ________
4．与某人和睦相处 ________
5．下次 ________
6．too much _________
7．work out ________
8．cut out_________
9．get into a fight _________
10．play sports_________
II. 根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。
1．She is a ________ (成员) of the golf club.
2．I want to know your o________ about the plan.
3．I think she must be ________ (疯狂的).
4．Don’t ________ (推) the door.
5．Don’t ________(比较) me with others.
6．The radio says that the soldiers will c________ moving on.
7．This is a ________ (典型的) case and let me explain it to you.
8．I can’t go out with you because my mother doesn’t a________ me to go out.
9．Your answer is not right. It’s w________.
10．If you don’t know the meaning of the word, just try to g________ it.
III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1．Don’t give me too much ________(press) . I’m stressed out.
2．1000 children entered the English ________(compete)?
3．The government did a lot for the country’s ________(develop).
4．I had an ________(usual) experience last night. I didn’t believe it at all.
5．The man is a ________(skill) worker and we should learn from him.
【参考答案】
I. 英汉短语互译。
1. hang out
2. give back
3. agree with sb.
4. get on with sb.
5. next time
6. 太多
7. 解决；算出
8. 删除；删去
9. 争吵
10. 做运动
II. 根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。
1. member 2. opinion 3. crazy 4. push 5. compare
6. continue 7. typical 8. allow 9. wrong 10. guess
III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. pressure 2. competition 3. development 4. unusual 5. skilled
Unit4 重点句型解析
1. Why don’t you talk to your parents？
“Why don’t you + 动词原形 + 其他？”相当于“Why not + 动词原形 + 其他？”意为“为什么不……？”并不表示疑问，而是作建议、询问。例如：
Why don’t you go with us? = Why not go with us?
为什么不同我们一起去呢？
Why don’t you go swimming? = Why not go swimming?
为什么不去游泳呢？
【拓展】
why not用在口语中表示赞同，意为“当然，好啊”。例如：
— Let’s go to the movies. 我们看电影吧。
— Why not? 好啊！
2. I’m really tired because I studied until midnight last night.
until意为“直到……”，有下列用法：
（1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。例如：
She waited there until 9 o’clock. 她一直等到9点钟。
（2）作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。例如：
We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。
【拓展】
（1）until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如stand/wait/stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。例如：
I will wait here until you come back.
我会在这里等到你回来。
（2）until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如open/start/leave/arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如：
The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back.
直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。
3. I’m not good at writing.
be good at意为“擅长……”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。例如：
I’m good at playing chess. 我擅长下象棋。
We should be good at learning from each other.
我们应该善于互相学习。
【拓展】
（1）be good for意为“对……有好处”。例如：
Eating more vegetables is good for your health.
多吃蔬菜对你的健康有好处。
（2）be good /kind /nice to意为“对……好”。例如：
My friend was good to me when I was ill.
我生病时我的朋友对我关怀备至。
4. Although she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal.
although作连词，相当于though，意为“尽管，虽然”，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but; and; so等连用，但可以和yet; still等词连用。例如：
Although he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely.
= He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
虽然他一个人住，但他并不感到孤独。
There is air all around us, although we cannot see it.
虽然我们看不见空气，但空气却存在于我们的周围。
【拓展】
although与though的辨析：
（1）用作连词，表示“虽然”，二者可以互换使用，但although比though更为正式。例如：
Though/Although it was raining, we still went there.
虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那里。
（2）although一般不用作副词，而though可用作副词，且一般放在句末（不放在句首），意为“可是，不过”。例如：
It’s hard work; I enjoy it, though.
工作很辛苦，可是我很喜欢。
We all tried our best. We lost the game, though.
我们都尽力最大努力，但我们还是输了。
（3）在as though（好像，仿佛），even though（即使，纵然）等固定短语中不能用although。例如：
He talks as though he knew everything.
他夸夸其谈，好像无所不知。
5. I hope things will be better for you soon.
hope作动词，意为“希望”，用于表示有可能实现的愿望，其后可接不定式或宾语从句，但表达“希望别人做某事”时则需用hope that从句。例如：
I hope to watch the football match again.
我希望再看一次那场足球赛。
I hope you can pass the exam.
我希望你能通过考试。
【拓展】
hope与wish的辨析：
（1）表示“想；希望”，两者宾语可为to do，不能用doing。例如：
I hope/wish to visitGuilin. 我希望去桂林观光。
（2）wish后可以跟复合宾语，即wish sb. to do sth.，而hope不能。例如：
I wish you to go. (正) 我希望你去。
I hope you to go. (误) 我希望你去。
（3）两者都可接that从句，但是“hope + that从句”表示希望，“wish + that从句”表示愿望，且从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。例如：
I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你很快好起来。
I wish I were really wealthy. 但愿我真的富有。
（4）wish后可接双宾语。hope没有这种用法。例如：
We wish you a happy New Year! 我们祝你新年快乐！
练一练：
I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。
1. Why don’t you get her a scarf? (改为同义句)
① ____________ ____________ get her a scarf?
② ____________ ____________ getting her a scarf?
2. You should get a CD for your friend. (对划线部分提问)
____________ ____________ I ____________ for my friend?
3. We don’t go shopping. We watch TV at home instead. (改为同义句)
We watch TV at home ____________ ____________ ____________ shopping.
4. I think your idea is great. (改为否定句)
I ____________ ____________ your idea is great.
5. She does well in singing and dancing. (改为同义句)
She is ____________ ____________ singing and dancing.
6. She had a map in order not to get lost. (改为同义句)
She had a map ____________ ____________ she wouldn’t get lost.
7. The old man lives a simple life although he is rich. (改为同义句)
The old man is rich, ____________ he lives a simple life.
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1．我有太多家庭作业，所以我没有任何空闲时间做我喜欢的事情。
I have too much homework ________ I don’t have any free time to do things________ ________.
2．我真的很累，因为我昨天晚上一直学到半夜。
I’m really tired ________ I studied________ midnight last night.
3．你今天晚上为什么不早点睡觉？
________ ________ ________ go to sleep earlier this evening?
4．你应该给他打电话，为的是你可以道歉
You ________ call him________ ________ you can say you’re sorry.
5．尽管她错了，但那没什么大不了的。
________ she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal.
6. 我觉得这不公平。
I ________ ________ this is fair.
7. 我希望你能解决这个问题。
I hope you can ________ ________ the problem.
8. 昨天我哥哥和Tony打了一架。
Yesterday my brother ________ ________ ________ with Tony.
9. 我妈妈正在浏览报纸。
My mother is ________ ________the newspaper at the moment.
10. 我弟弟拒绝和我一起玩，我很生气。
My brother ________ ________ ________ with me, and I was angry.
III. 语法专练：选择括号内适当的词填空。
1. Many people do not realize the importance of health ________ (after; when; until) they have fallen.
2. They develop their skills ________ (because; since; so that) they can do things better and better.
3. —Look! Some people are running the red lights.
—We should wait ________ (although; because; if) others are breaking the rule.
4. We didn’t start our discussion ________ (while; until; if) everybody arrived.
5. She speaks loudly ________ (because; so that; if)) all the people can hear her clearly.
IV. 从方框中选择适当的句子完成对话。
A. Some flowers?
B. Would she like a scarf?
C. How about her favorite book?
D. Er…don’t you think that’s too cheap?
E. A scarf is too personal.
A: Lily, what should I get for Ms. Ning for the coming Teachers’ Day?
B: Your English teacher? How about a notebook?
A: 1
B: How about a watch?
A: I don’t think so. A watch is too expensive.
B: I see. 2
A: No, I don’t know what book she likes best.
B: Well, 3
A: No! 4
B: OK, I know. How about flowers?
A: 5 Yes, she’ll like that!
【参考答案】
I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。
1. ① Why not ② How / What about
2. What should; get
3. instead of going
4. don’t think
5. good at
6. so that
7. but
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1. so; I like
2. because; until
3. Why don’t you
4. should; so that
5. Although/Though
6. don’t think
7. work out
8. had a fight
9. looking through
10. refused to play
III. 语法专练：选择括号内适当的词填空。
1. until 2. so that 3. although 4. until 5. so that
IV. 从方框中选择适当的句子完成对话。
1-5 DCBEA
Unit 5单词 （音标）
rainstorm [ˈreɪnstɔ:m] n. 暴风雨
alarm [əˈlɑ:m] n. 闹钟
go off (闹钟)发出响声
begin [bɪˈgɪn] v. 开始
heavily [ˈhevɪli] adv. 在很大程度上，大量地
suddenly [ˈsʌdənli] adv. 突然地
pick up(=pick up the phone) 接电话
strange [streɪndʒ] adj. 奇怪的，陌生的，奇特的
storm [stɔ:m] n. 暴风雨
wind [waɪnd] n. 风
light [laɪt] n. & v. 电灯;点燃
report [riˈpɔ:t] v. 报导，报告
area ['eərɪə] n. 范围，地域，地区
wood [wʊd] n. 树木，木材，树木
window [ˈwindəu] n. 窗户
flashlight ['flæʃlaɪt] n. 手电筒，火炬
match [mætʃ] n. 火柴，比赛
beat [bi:t] v. 敲打，打败
against [əˈgenst] prep. 反对，对…不利
asleep [əˈsli:p] adj. 睡着的，熟睡的
fall asleep 进入梦乡，睡着
die down 逐渐变弱，逐渐消失
rise [raɪz] v. 上升，升起
fallen [ˈfɔ:lən] adj. 倒下的，落下的
apart [əˈpɑ:t] adv. 分离，分开
have a look 看一看
icy [ˈaɪsɪ] adj. 覆盖着冰的，冰冷的
kid [kɪd] n. & v. (口语)小孩;开玩笑，欺骗
realize [ˈri:əlaɪz] v. 认识到，了解
make one's way 前往，费力地前进
passage [ˈpæsɪdʒ] n. 章节，段落
pupil [ˈpju:pl] n. 学生
completely [kəmˈpli:tli] adv. 彻底地，完全地
shocked [ʃɔkt] adj. 震惊的，震撼的
silence [ˈsaɪləns] n. 寂静，沉默
in silence 沉默，无声
recently [ˈri:sntli] adv. 不久前，近来，最近
take down 拆除，往下拽，记录
terrorist [ˈterərɪst] n. 恐怖分子
date [deɪt] n. 日期，日子
tower [ˈtaʊə(r)] n. 塔
at first 首先，最初
truth [tru:θ] n. 真相，真理，事实
Unit5 知识梳理
【重点短语】
1.make sure 确信;确认
2.beat against... 拍打……
3. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着
4. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
5. wake up 醒来
6. in a mess 一团糟
7. break...apart 使……分离
8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候
9. at the time of 当.......时候
10. go off (闹钟)发出响声
11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡
12. miss the bus 错过公交车
13. pick up 接电话
14. bring... together 使……靠拢
15. in the area 在这个地区
16. miss the event 错过这个事件
17. by the side of the road 在路边
18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线
19. walk by 走路经过
20. make one’s way to.... 在某人去……的路上
21. hear the news 听到这个消息
22.important events in history 历史上的重大事件
23.for example 例如
24.be killed 被杀害
25. over 50 50多(岁）
26. a school pupil 一个小学生
27. on the radio 通过广播
28.in silence 沉默;无声
29.more recently 最近地;新近
30.the World Trade Center 世贸中心
31.take down 拆除;摧毁
32.have meaning to 对……有意义
33.remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
34.at first 首先;最初
【重点句型】
1. — What were you doing at eight last night? 昨晚8点你在干什么？
— I was taking a shower. 我在洗淋浴。
2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner. 当开始下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。
3. — What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping? 琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在干什么？
— While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。
【话题写作】
Susanna所在的城市昨天晚上发生了一场地震。很幸运，地震并不强烈，他们全家安然无恙。假如你是Susanna请描述一下地震发生时家里人的活动情景，80词左右。
【优秀满分范文】
My name is Susanna. In our city, there was an earthquake at 8:32 yesterday evening.
At that time, I was taking a shower in the bathroom. My motherwas cleaning up the kitchen and my father was watching TV in the livingroom. My elder sister Alice was working on her computer in her room. We were very scared.
Luckily, the earthquake was not heavy and it didn’t last long. And we were all safe.
Unit 6单词 （音标）
shoot [ʃu:t] v. 投篮，射击，发射
stone [ˈstəʊn] n. 石头
weak [wi:k] adj. 虚弱的，柔弱的
god [ɡɒd] n. 上帝，神
remind [rɪˈmaɪnd] v. 提醒，使想起
bit [bɪt] n. 一点，小块
a little bit 有点儿，稍微
silly [ˈsɪlɪ] adj. & n. 愚昧的;傻子，蠢货
instead of 代替，反而
turn into 变成
object [ˈɒbdʒɪkt] n. 物体，目标，物品
hide [haɪd] v. 躲藏，隐藏
tail [teil] n. 尾巴
magic [ˈmædʒɪk] n. 魔法，巫术
stick [stɪk] n. & v. 棍，棒;刺，戳，插
excite [ɪk'saɪt] v. 使激动，使兴奋
Western ['westən] adj. 西方的，欧美的
once upon 从前
stepsister [ˈstepsɪstə(r)] n. 继姐(妹)
prince [prɪns] n. 王子
fall in love 爱上，喜欢上
fit [fɪt] v. 适合，合身
couple ['kʌpl] n. (尤指)夫妻，两人
smile [smaɪl] n.& v. 微笑
marry [ˈmæri] v. 与某人结婚
get married 结婚
gold [ɡəʊld] n. 黄金，金币
emperor [ˈempərə] n. 皇帝
silk [sɪlk] n. 丝绸
underwear [ˈʌndəwɛə] n. 内衣
nobody [ˈnəʊbədi] pron. 无人,没有任何人,谁也不
stupid ['stju:pɪd] adj. & n. 愚蠢的,傻的;傻子
cheat [tʃi:t] v. 欺骗，愚弄
stepmother [ˈstepmʌðə(r)] n. 继母
wife [waɪf] n. 妻子
husband [ˈhʌzbənd] n. 丈夫
whole [həul] adj. 全部的，整体的
scene [si:n] n. 舞台，(戏剧)场景
moonlight ['mu:nlaɪt] n. 月光
shine [ʃaɪn] v. 照耀，发光
bright [braɪt] adj. & adv. 明亮的,发亮的;明亮地
ground [graʊnd] n. 地面
lead [li:d] n.& v. 领导，主角;带路
voice [vɔis] n. 嗓音
brave [breiv] adj. 勇敢的
Claudia 克劳迪娅(女名)
Journey to the West 《西游记》
the Monkey King 美猴王
Sleeping Beauty 《睡美人》
Cinderella 《灰姑娘》
Little Red Riding Hood 《小红帽》
Hansel and Gretel 《韩赛尔与格雷特》(《糖果屋》)
Unit6 知识梳理
【重点短语】
1. work on doing sth. 致力于做某事
2. as soon as ... 一……就…....
3. once upon a time 从前
4. continue to do sth. 继续做某事
5. make sth. happen 使某事发生
6.try to do sth. 努力做某事
7. the journey to sp. ......之旅
8. tell the/a story 讲故事
9. put on 穿
10. a little bit 有点儿
11. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
12. give up 放弃
13. instead of 代替;反而
14. turn...into... 使......变成......
15. get married 结婚
16. the main character 主要人物；主人公
17. at other times 在另外一些时候
18. be able to 能;会
19. come out (书、电影等)出版
20. become interested in... 对……感兴趣
21. walk to the other side 走到另一边去
22. a fairy tale 一个神话故事
23. the rest of the story 故事的其余部分
24. leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
25. make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事
26. go to sleep 去睡觉
27. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地
28. get lost 迷路
29. change one’s plan 改变计划
30. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
31. in the moonlight 在月光下
32. find one’ s way home 找到某人回家的路
33. the next day 第二天
34. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地
35. so...that... 如此.......以致于.......
【重点句型】
1.So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong? 你觉得愚公的故事怎么样？
2. It doesn't seem very possible to move a mountain. 把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。
3.This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出72种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。
4.Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. 有时候，他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小，以至于可以放在耳朵里。
5.Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 这些（山）太高了，他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。
6.Don't eat it until you get to the forest. 你们到达森林之后才能吃。
【话题写作】
同学们对“愚公移山”的故事一定有着很深的印象吧？请根据本单元所学内容及下面的提示词语，以The story of YuGong为题，把“愚公移山”的故事用英语简要叙述一下，并谈一谈你从故事中学到了什么。80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词语：90，move themountains, zhisou, die, sons, grandsons, continue, god, be moved, help
【优秀满分范文】
The story of YuGong
Once upon a time, there was an old man called YuGong. Although he was almost 90, he decided to move the mountains.
A clever man called Zhisou said,“you are too old to move the mountains.”Yugong said,“If Idie, my sons still do this, and if my sonsdie, my grandsons continue doing this.”then a god was movedby Yugong, so he sent two gods to help him.
From this story, I learn that anything is possible if we work hard.
01 词汇讲解
1. miss
miss作动词，意为“想念，思念”。例如：
I’ll miss you when you go toCanada.
你到了加拿大以后，我一定会想你。
【拓展】
(1) miss作动词还有“未击中，未抓住”的意思。例如：
I tried to hit the ball but I missed.
我努力地想击中球，但却未成功。
(2) miss还可意为“未赶上，错过”，是动词。例如：
I missed the football match on TV last night.
我错过了昨天晚上电视中的足球赛。
(3) miss与like; mind; finish; enjoy; practice; be busy; stop; can’t help; give up等词一样后接动词的-ing形式。例如：
I don’t want to miss seeing that film on television tonight.
我不想错过今晚在电视上看那部影片的机会。
2. suddenly
suddenly作副词，意为“突然，忽然”，在句中多修饰动词或句子，做状语。例如：
I suddenly remembered that I didn’t bring my key.
我突然想起来我没有带钥匙。
It all happened so suddenly.
一切都发生得那么突然。
3. either
(1) either作副词，意为“也不”，用在否定句中。例如：
He can’t play the violin. I can’t, either.
他不会拉小提琴，我也不会。
(2) either pron. （两者中）任意一个。例如：
There are many trees on either side of the street.
在街道的每一边都有很多树。
(3) either…or…为连词短语，连接两个相同的句子成分，意为“要么……要么……；或者……或者……；不是……就是……”。例如：
He either stays at home or visits friends on the weekend.
在周末，他要么待在家里，要么拜访朋友。
They will come either tomorrow or the day after tomorrow.
他们不是明天来，就是后天来。
【注意】
either…or…连接两个主语时，谓语动词的形式与紧靠谓语的那个主语的形式保持一致，即遵循就近原则。例如：
Either I or he is on duty today.
今天不是我值日，就是他值日。
4. light
（1）light作不可数名词，意为“光；光亮；光线”。例如：
The sun gives out light and heat.
太阳发出光和热。
He read the letter by the light of the candle.
他在烛光下读那封信。
（2）light作可数名词，意为“电灯；光源”。例如;
Don’t cross the road when the traffic lights are red.
当交通灯是红色时，不要横穿马路。
（3）light作形容词，意为“轻的；浅色的”。例如：
Is the box heavy or light?
那箱子是重还是轻？
I like the light green dress.
我喜欢哪件浅绿色的裙子。
（4）light作动词，意为“点燃；照亮”。例如：
He sat down and lit a cigarette.
他坐下来，点了一支烟。
5. beat
beat是及物动词，有以下用法：
(1) 意为“赢；打败；战胜”，后接人或某一团队、组织等，其过去式为beat。例如：
I beat him at long jump yesterday.
昨天跳远我赢了他。
(2) 意为“打；击”，表示连续不断的打击。例如：
Who is beating the drum? 谁在打鼓？
(3) 表示“（心脏）等跳动”。例如：
I feel my heart is beating fast.
我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。
【拓展】
beat和win都有“赢”的意思，但用法不同：
beat的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、组织；而win的宾语为比赛或某个项目，过去式为won。例如：
Though we were weak, we beat them.
虽然我们弱，但我们赢了他们。
Who won the first prize in the competition?
谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖？
6. against
against是介词，其用法如下：
(1) 反对，违反。对应的反义词为for，常用于be against sb. / sth.反对某人/某事例如：
Are most people against having a part-time job?
大多数人反对做兼职工作吗？
(2) 和……交战（指竞争、比赛等）。例如：
We’ll have a basketball match against the team from No. 2 Middle School next week.
下星期我们将于二中的球队举行一场篮球赛。
(3) 碰、撞、擦。例如：
Rain beats against the window. 雨打在窗户上。
(4) 倚着、靠着。例如：
There was a ladder propped up(支撑) against the wall.
一把梯子靠着墙。
(5) 防备，抗……。例如：
She saved money against old age. 她攒钱防老。
(6) 逆着……。例如：
We are sailing against the wind. 我们（的船）正逆风航行。
(7) 衬托，相映，对照。例如：
Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky.
红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得分外鲜艳。
7. try
try作动词，意为“尝试，努力”。主要用法如下：
（1） try to do sth. 意为“设法去做某事，尽量去做某事”，其否定形式为try not to do sth.。例如：
Try not to be late again.
尽量别再迟到了。
Try to get here in two hours.
尽量在两小时之内到达。
（2）try doing sth. 意为“试着做某事”，强调尝试做某事。例如：
You should try eating more vegetables.
你应当试着多吃点蔬菜。
（3）try one’s best to do sth. 意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。例如：
We should try our best to finish the work on time.
我们应该尽最大努力准时完成这项工作。
8. hard/hardly
hardly和hard形式上很接近，但意义截然不同。
（1）hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。
hard作副词时常用来表示程度，意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”。例如：
I work hard at school. 我在学校努力学习。
This ground is too hard to dig. 这块地太硬，挖不动。
They tried hard to succeed. 他们努力工作，以求得成功。
【拓展】
work hard at…意为“努力于……”。例如：
He is working hard at English. 他正在努力学习英语。
（2）hardly是表频率的副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，相当于almost not，并非hard的副词形式。例如：
There is hardly any coffee left.
= There’s almost no coffee left.
几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。
练一练：
I. 英汉短语互译。
1．沉默；无声________ 2．remember to do ________
3．首先；最初________ 4．have fun doing sth．________
5．感觉；好像________ 6．on the playground ________
7．(闹钟)发出响声_______ 8．report sth. to sb. ________
9．逐渐变弱、消失________ 10．fall asleep _____________
II. 根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。
1．Maybe there will be a thunder ________(暴风雨)．
2．My mind ________(突然) switched back to my conversation with Jeremy．
3．The smoker tossed away the lighted ________(火柴)and so caused a fire．
4．I can’t read while you are standing in my ________(光线)．
5．It was _______(报道) that there was going to be a football match．
6．The farm is about 50 or 60 square kilometers in the ________(地区)．
7．You should fly your kite a ________ the wind．
8．It rained so ________(大) last night that the lake is full of water now．
9．John was very tired．He soon fell a ________．
10．I just want to b________ this bad guy．
III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1．I guess from his red eyes that he has been working too _____ (hard) recently．
2．Please remember _______(clean) the room after work．
3．Wish you have fun _______(learn) English this term．
4．—Why didn’t you attend yesterday’s presentation?
—Sorry，I ________(wait)for an important EMS then from an editor．
5．Almost everyone knows that the moon ________(rise) in the east．
【参考答案】
I. 英汉短语互译。
1. in silence
2. 记得做某事
3. at first
4. 做某事很有趣
5. feel like
6. 在操场上
7. go off
8.向某人报告某事
9. die down
10. 睡着
II. 根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。
1. storm 2. suddenly 3. match
4. light 5. reported
6. area 7. against 8. heavily
9. asleep 10. beat
III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. hard 2. to clean 3. learning
4. was waiting 5. rises
02重点句型解析
1. When he woke up, the sun was rising.
was rising意为“正在升起”，为过去进行时态，该时态表示在过去某时间某动作正在发生，由“助动词was/were + doing”构成。例如：
They were playing in the park.
他们正在公园里玩。
She was reading a book when I came in.
我进来时她正在看书。
2. But luckily, the driver was fine.
luckily作副词，意为“幸运地；幸亏”，做状语。例如：
Luckily，she found my book.
幸运的是，她找到了我的书。
Luckily, we caught the last train.
很幸运，我们搭上了末班火车。
【拓展】
（1）lucky作形容词，意为“幸运的；有好运的”。例如：
Some people seem to be always lucky.
有些人似乎总是很幸运。
Nine is my lucky number.
9是我的幸运数字。
（2）luck作不可数名词，意为“好运；幸运；运气”。例如：
I hope it will bring you luck.
我希望它会给你带来好运。
Good luck to you！
祝你好运！
3. The roads were icy…
icy作形容词，意为“结冰的；冰冷的；冷淡的”。例如：
It’s not easy to walk on the icy roads.
在结冰的路面上行走不容易。
Because of the icy street, they can’t drive the car.
因为街上结满了冰，他们不能开车。
Most people don’t want to swim in the icy water.
大多数人都不想在冰冷的水里游泳。
【拓展】
ice作不可数名词，意为“冰”。例如：
The ice is thick enough to skate on.
这冰够厚的，可以在上面滑冰。
The boy isn’t afraid of cold. He is holding a piece of ice.
这个男孩不怕冷，手里握着一块冰。
4. But when I pointed it out to my friend…
point out意为“指出”，是“动词+副词”结构，人称代词作宾语时应放在动词之后、副词之前。例如：
There is a mistake in this sentence. Can you point it out?
这个句子有一处错误，你能把它指出来吗？
He pointed out the woman from these photos.
他从这些照片中指出了那个女子。
【拓展】
（1）point作不及物动词，意为“指；指向”，常与介词at，to，towards等连用，表示“指向某位置或方向”。例如：
She pointed at me, laughing.
她指着我笑。
（2）point作可数名词，意为“点；要点”。例如：
Let’s discuss the difficult points in the passage.
让我们讨论一下文中的难点。
5. Why did you call so many times?
so many 意为“那么多”，修饰复数名词，例如：
He has so many friends.
他有那么多的朋友。
There are so many people in the exhibition.
展览会上有那么多人。
练一练：
I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。
1．The old man couldn’t find anywhere to live. (改为同义句)
The old man could ________ _______ to live.
2．Mother was cooking while I was doing my homework．(对画线部分提问)
________ ________ your mother ________ while you were doing your homework?
3．Lily was reading in the room at that time(改为一般疑问句)
________ Lily ________ in the room at that time?
4．I was sleeping at nine last night．Linda was doing her homework at nine last night．(用while将句子合并为一句)
I ________ ________ ________ Linda ________ ________ her homework at nine last night．
5．Don’t forget to lock the door before you leave．(改为同义句)
______ _______ _______ the door before you leave．
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1．这时，我要做的只是默默地服从他。
All I had to do now was to obey him _______ _______．
2．天在下雨，记着随身携带你的雨衣。
It’s raining．______ ______ ______ your raincoat with you．
3．起初我们并没有意识到她的伤口的严重性。
______ ______ we didn’t realize the severity of her wounds．
4．我今天不太想散步。
I don’t ______ ______ _______ very much today．
5．昨天我和我的朋友打篮球打得很开心。
I ______ ______ playing basketball with my friends yesterday．
6．据报道约200人在芦山地震中丧生。
It ______ ______ that about 200 people had lost their lives in Lushan earthquake．
7．一直到早上4点聚会的人群才渐渐散去。
The party didn’t ________ ________ until about four in the morning．
8．当我去接电话时，没有人说话。
When I ________ ________ the phone，no one spoke．
9．我室友的闹钟总是在午夜响起。
My roommate’s alarm clock always ______ _______ at mid-night．
10．如果我开车时睡着了，就叫醒我。
If I fell asleep at the wheel，______ me ______．
III. 从方框中选择适当的句子完成对话。
A．What’s your favorite subject(学科)?
B．Why do you like Chinese?
C．What do you usually do after dinner?
D．Do you like your subjects at school?
E．Do you have any Chinese books in your bookcase?
A：Hi，David! 1
B：Yes，I like my subjects a lot．
A： 2
B：Chinese．
A： 3
B：Because it’s funny．
A： 4
B：Yes，I usually read them after dinner． 5
A：I usually watch TV．
【参考答案】
I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。
1. find nowhere
2. What was; doing
3. Was; reading
4. was sleeping while; was doing
5. Remember to lock
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1. in silence
2. Remember to take
3. At first
4. feel like walking
5. had fun
6. was reported
7.die down
8. picked up
9. goes off
10. woke; up
III. 从方框中选择适当的句子完成对话。
1-5 DABEC
Unit 7单词 （音标）
square [skweə(r)] n. 平方，正方形
meter [ˈmi:tə] n. 米
deep [di:p] adj. 深的
desert [ˈdezət] n. 沙漠
population [ˌpɔpjuˈleiʃən] n. 人口(数量),全体居民
Asia [ˈeɪʒə] n. 亚洲
feel free (可以)随便(做某事)
tour [tuə] n. 旅行，观光
wall [wɔ:l] n. 墙
amazing [əˈmeɪzɪŋ] adj. 令人惊异的
ancient [ˈeɪnʃənt] adj. 古代的，古老的
protect [prəˈtekt] v. 保护
wide [waɪd] adj. 宽的，广阔的
as far as I know 就我所知
achieve [əˈtʃi:v] v. 完成，实现
achievement [əˈtʃi:vmənt] n. 成就，成绩
southwestern [saʊθ'westən] 西南的,西南方向的
thick [θɪk] adj. 厚的，浓的
include [ɪnˈklu:d] v. 包括，包含
freezing [ˈfri:zɪŋ] adj. 极冷的，冷冻的
condition [kənˈdɪʃn] n. 条件，状况
take in 吸入，吞入
succeed [səkˈsi:d] v. 成功，实现目标，完成
challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ] n.& v. 挑战，考验
in the face of 面对(问题，困难)
force [fɔ:s] n. 力，力量
nature ['neɪtʃə(r)] n. 自然界，大自然
even though(=even if) 即使，虽然
ocean ['əʊʃn] n. 海洋
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
cm(centimeter) [ˈsentɪˌmi:tə] n. 厘米
weigh [wei] v. 称…重量
birth [bɜ:θ] n. 出生，诞生
at birth 出生时
up to 到达(某数量，程度)，不多于
adult [ əˈdʌlt] n. 成年人
bamboo [bæmˈbu:] n. 竹子
endangered [ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd] adj. 有危险的，濒临灭绝的，濒危的
research [rɪˈsɜ:tʃ] n.& v. 研究，调查
keeper [ˈki:pə(r)] n. 饲养员，保管人
awake [əˈweɪk] adj. 醒着
excitement [ɪkˈsaɪtmənt] n. 激动，兴奋
walk into 走路时撞到
fall over 绊倒
illness [ˈɪlnəs] n. 疾病，生病
remaining [rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ] adj. 遗留的，剩余的
or so 大约
artwork [ˈɑ:twə:k] n. 艺术品，插图，图片
wild [waɪld] adj. 野性的，野生的
government [ˈgʌvənmənt] n. 政府
whale [weɪl] n. 鲸
protection [prəˈtekʃn] n. 保护，保卫
huge [hju:dʒ] adj. 巨大的，极多的
dynasty [ˈdɪnəstɪ] n. 朝代，王朝
base [beɪs] n. 基础，基地
Unit7 知识梳理
【重点短语】
1. as big as 与……一样大
2. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一
3. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事
4. as far as I know 据我所知
5. man-made objects 人造物体
6. part of... ...... 的组成部分
7. the highest mountain 最高的山脉
8. in the world 在世界上
9. any other mountain 其它任何一座山
10. of all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中
11. run along 跨越……
12. freezing weather 冰冻的天气
13. take in air 呼吸空气
14. the first people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人
15. in the face of difficulties 面临危险
16. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
17. achieve one’ s dream 实现某人的梦想
18. the forces of nature 自然界的力量
19. reach the top 到达顶峰
20. even though 虽然;尽管
21. at birth 在出生的时候
22. be awake 醒着
23. run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去
24. walk into sb. 撞到某人
25. fall over 摔倒
26. take care of 照顾;照料
27. every two years 每两年
28. cut down the forests 砍伐林木
29. endangered animals 濒危动物
30. fewer and fewer pandas 大熊猫越来越少
31. be in danger 处于危险之中
32. the importance of saving these animals 拯救这些动物的重要性
【重点句型】
1.It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 当你接近山顶时，连呼吸都会困难。
2.One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 其中的一个主要的原因是人们想要在面临困难时挑战自己。
3.The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神向我们证明：我们永远都不应该放弃实现自己的梦想。
4. How high is Qomolangma? 穆朗玛峰有多高？
5. Although Japan is older than Canada，it is much smaller.虽然日本比加拿大有更悠久的历史，但是日本比加拿大小多了。
6.Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo. 成年大熊猫一天要花1 2 个多小时的时间吃大约十千克竹子。
【话题写作】
做为一个中国人，你对我们的中国了解多少呢？请给你在美国的笔友 Dave 写封信，向他介绍你的祖国。80 词左右，恰当运用比较级和最高级，可适当发挥。
中国是亚洲最大的国家。和美国差不多大。
中国有世界上最多的人口。人们友好勤劳。
长江是世界最长的河流之一。 中国有超过 5000 的悠久历史。比美国的历史长多了。
中国有世界最高山峰。
词汇：as…as, population，the Yangtze River ,the third longest ,much longer, Qomolangma
【优秀满分范文】
Dear Dave,
I’m happy to be your pen pal. I’d like to tell you something about China.
China is the biggest country in Asia. It’s almost as big as the USA. China has the biggest population in the world. The people here are friendly and hard-working. The Yangtze River is
one of the longest rivers in the world. China is over 5000 years old. It has a much longer history than the US. The Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.
I love China very much. Welcome to China and play with me.
Yours,
Li Lei
Unit7讲解
01词汇讲解
1. population
population意为“人口”时，是一个集体名词，被看作一个整体，在句中做主语时，后面的谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The population ofChinais large.
中国人口众多。
【拓展】
(1) 当表示一个城市、地区或国家有多少人口时，常用以下两种结构，即“the population of + 某地 + is + 数词”或“某地 + has a population of + 数词”。例如：
The population of London is over ten million. =
London has a population of over ten million.
伦敦的人口超过一千万。
(2) population可与large，small搭配，但不能与many，few搭配。例如：
The city with its large population has become crowded.
这个人口众多的城市变得拥挤不堪了。
(3) 询问人口数量常用what或how large。例如：
What’s the population of the city? =
How large is the population of the city?
这个城市有多少人口？
(4) population前有修饰词，如分数、百分数时，表示整体人口中的一部分，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
One half of the population of the city are farmers.
这个城市的一半人口是农民。
2. protect
protect作及物动词，意为“保护”。常用搭配protect sb./sth. from/against…，意为“保护某人/某物免受……伤害”。例如：
We should protect rare animals.
我们应该保护珍稀动物。
Parents protect their young from danger.
父母保护他们的儿女不受伤害。
3. include
include作动词，意为“包括；包含”。例如：
The price for the hotel includes breakfast.
旅店的费用包括早餐在内。
The parcel included a dictionary.
那包裹里有一本字典。
【拓展】
including除了是include的现在分词/动名词之外，在日常运用中一般被当作介词使用，和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语，意思是“包括……在内”。例如：
There are many different kinds of moon cakes, including fruit, coffee and ham.
有很多种月饼，包括水果的，咖啡的和火腿月饼。
There are 40 students in the classroom, including me.
班里有40名学生，包括我在内。
同样，included也有介词用法，且：including + 宾语 = 宾语 + included。
所以上个例句亦可写成：There are 40 students in the classroom, me included.
4. succeed
succeed作不及物动词，意为“成功”；表示做某事做成功了，succeed 后通常接in doing sth。例如：
His plan succeeded.他的计划成功了。
At last he succeeded in solving the problem.
他终于把那个问题解决了。
She succeeded in passing the exam. 她考试及格了。
【拓展】
(1)success 表示抽象意义的“成功”，作不可数名词；表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”, 则是可数名词。例如：
Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母。
His new book was a great success.
他新出版的书获得了巨大成功。
(2)successful作形容词，意为“成功的”。例如：
The performance was successful. 演出很成功。
It was a successful experiment.
那是一次成功的试验。
5. achieve
(1)achieve作及物动词，意为“完成；实现”。例如：
You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way.
你若总是这样消磨时间，就永远不会有所成就。
Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims.
要让每个人都有机会实现自己的目标。
No one can achieve anything without effort.
谁也不可能不努力而有所作为。
(2)achieve作及物动词，意为“达到；赢得”。例如：
The actor achieved fame when he was only nineteen.
那位演员十九岁时就成名了。
She achieved no success. 她没有获得成功。
【拓展】
achievement作名词，意为“成就；成绩”。例如：
The invention of the computer is a great achievement.
发明电脑是一大成就。
6. force
(1)force作名词，意为“力；力量；武力”。例如：
The force of the explosion broke all the windows in the building.
爆炸的力量震碎了这座建筑上的所有窗户。
The law should remain in force.
法律应当有效力。
We’ll settle the problem by force if necessary.
如果有必要的话，我们会用武力解决这个问题。
(2)force作动词，意为“强迫”。force sb. to do sth.意为“强迫某人做某事”。例如：
I can’t force him to stay.
我不能强迫他暂时留下来。
7. weigh
weigh表示“称……的重量”，是及物动词；表示“重(多少)”，是不及物动词。
He weighed the fish. 他称了这条鱼。
Do you often weigh yourself? 你经常称体重吗?
He weighs 60 kilos. 他体重60公斤。
The meat weighs five pounds. 这肉重五磅。
【拓展】
weight是名词，意为“重量，体重”。例如：
What’s your weight? 你体重是多少？
比较：by weight 和 in weight
by weight表示“按重量”，in weight表示“重量上”。例如：
Do they charge carriage by weight?
他们是按重量收取运费吗?
It’s smaller in size but greater in weight.
它体积比较小，但分量比较重。
8. take in
take in意为“吸入；吞入（体内）”。例如：
On weekends the Smiths usually drive to the countryside and take in the fresh air there.
周末，史密斯一家常驱车到农村去呼吸那里的新鲜空气。
【拓展】
(1)take in意为“领会；理解”。例如：
Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.
动手翻译句子之前，首先要理解单词的含义。
(2)take in意为“欺骗；蒙蔽”。例如：
Law will protect the girl taken in and sold by the abductor.
法律将保护那位被人贩子欺骗和拐卖的姑娘。
(3) take in意为“接收；收留”。例如：
The poor man had nowhere to live in, so we took him in.
那个可怜的人没有地方住，所以我们让他住在我家。
练一练：
I. 英汉短语互译。
1．出生时________________
2．跌倒________________
3．和某人一起玩________________
4．砍伐________________
5．吸入；吞入（体内）________________
6．in the future________________
7．talk about________________
8．walk into________________
9．as far as I know________________
10．give up________________
II. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。
1．Every year thousands of t______ come to visit my hometown．
2．The Great Wall is an a_______ man-made object．
3．Many animals are in danger．We should do something to p______ them．
4．Work hard and you can a______ your dream．
5．It’s midnight，but I am not asleep，I am still a______．
6．Pandas feed on ______(竹子)．
7．______(日本) is to the east of China．
8．His ______(病)was more serious than the doctor first thought．
9．The ______(旅行) took in six European capitals．
10．Are there any ______(野生的)animals in the forest?
III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1．I want to know the ______(weigh) of the vegetables．
2．My sister couldn’t get to sleep．She was still _______(wake)．
3．The boys were running in ______(excite)．
4．He died after a long _______(ill)．
5．She _______ (fall) over and broke her leg．
【参考答案】
I. 英汉短语互译。
1．at birth 2．fall over 3．play with sb．
4．cut down 5．take in
6．在将来 7．谈论 8．撞到；走进
9．据我所知 10．放弃
II. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。
1．tourists 2．ancient 3．protect
4．achieve 5．awake 6．bamboo
7．Japan 8．illness 9．tour 10．wild
III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1．weight 2．awake 3．excitement
4．illness 5．fell
02句式精讲
1. As far as I know, there are no man-made objects as big as this.
as far as I know是一个固定表达方式，还可以说so far as I know，意为“据我所知”。
例如：
As far as I know, Wang Tao has two brothers.
据我所知，王涛有俩弟弟。
They’re not coming this Sunday, so far as I know.
他们这周日不来了——就我所知是这样的。
2. This spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.
give up是动词短语，意为“放弃；停止；戒除”。give up doing something意为“放弃做某事；半途而废”。例如：
She doesn’t give up easily. 她不会轻易放弃。
The doctors had given her up but she made a remarkable recovery.
医生们已放弃了治愈她的希望，而她却恢复得很好。
You ought to give up smoking; I gave it up last year.
你应该戒烟，我去年就戒掉了。
【拓展】
give的相关短语：
give away赠送，分发；
give off放出，释放；
give in屈服，让步；
give out分发，用完；
give back归还
3. Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the remaining forests.
本句中living in the remaining forests为现在分词短语，修饰名词pandas。
分词短语作定语时，应置于被修饰名词之后。例如：
The man standing by the window is our teacher.
站在窗边的那个人是我们老师。
（standing by the window就是一短语，也就是说不是一个单词，在此作定语表主动）
Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.
突然出现一个穿绿色衣服的女青年。
（过去分词短语作定语表被动或完成）
【注意】
区别：现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生或与谓语动作同时（或基本同时）发生，表示主动意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语表完成或被动的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表完成不表被动的动作。例如：
They lived in the house facing the south.
他们住在朝南的房子里。(现在分词作定语表示主动意义)
The meeting held yesterday is important.
昨天开的会议很重要。（及物动词的过去分词表被动或完成）
(2)分词短语作定语相当于一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词。例如：
The man reading a novel at the desk is my father.（现在分词表“主动、正在”）
= The man who is reading a novel at the desk is my father.
在桌边读小说的人是我父亲。
Is there anything planned for tonight? （过去分词表“被动、已经”）
= Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?
今晚有什么活动吗？
4. Pandas do not have many babies, maybe one every two years.
every+ 基数词+ 复数名词=every+ 序数词+ 单数名词，作“每(多少)”解。例如：
every three days 每三天或每隔两天
相当于 every third day
We hand in our homework every three days.
我们每隔两天（每三天）交一次作业。
【拓展】
(1)“every other+单数名词”意为“每隔一……”。例如：
every other day 每隔一天 every other tree 每隔一棵树
(2)“every few+复数名词”意为“每隔几……”。例如：
every few days每隔几天
5. One of the world’s most dangerous sports is mountain climbing…
one of +the +形容词最高级+复数名词/代词，意为“最……之一”，当其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
His brother is one of the tallest boys in the class.
他弟弟是这个班最高的男生之一。
The song is one of the most popular songs.
这首歌是最流行的歌之一。
One of us has nothing for breakfast.
我们中有一个人没吃早饭。
练一练：
I．连词成句。
1．the，what’s，cheapest，in，the，car，store
_______________________________?
2．Mary，her，a，is，lot，serious，more，than，sister
_______________________________．
3．David，as，is，as，me，clever
_______________________________．
4．the，animals，has，more，zoo，than，that，one
_______________________________．
5．the，theater，best，what’s，movie
_______________________________ ?
II. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。
1．Basketball is more popular than football in the USA．(改为同义句)
Football is _______ _______ popular as basketball in the USA．
2．I’m tall．My best friend is also tall．(合并为一句)
My best friend and I _______ _______ _______．
3．Tom is tall．Jim is short．(合并为一句)
Tom is _______ _______ Jim．
4．Tom and Jack don’t look the same．(改为同义句)
Tom looks _______ _______ Jack．
5．The population of this city is about 6 million.(就划线部分提问)
_______ _______ is the population of this city?
III. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1．这所学校招收外国学生。
The school ______ ______ foreign students．
2．你的房间和我的一样大。
Your room is ______ ______ ______ mine．
3．世界上最高的人是谁?
Who is ______ ______ ______ in the world?
4．他是中国最有名的作家之一。
He is ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______in China．
5．我的苹果比你的大得多。
My apple is ______ ______ than yours．
6．那些幼崽经常死于疾病，不会活太长时间。
The babies often ________ ________ ________ and do not live very long．
7．科学家说现在有不到2，000只熊猫居住在剩下的森林里。
Scientists say there are now ________ than 2，000 pandas ________ in the remaining forests．
IV. 语法专练：用方框中所给短语完成句子。
the funniest performer，the loudest，the most talented，the best singer，the dullest
1．Wang Lin won the prize for ________．She sang a cute pop song．
2．Zhou Jian told us a very funny story，so he was _______．
3．The boys’ musical group sang so loud that they were _______ of all．
4．The prize for ______ actress went to Liu Meili，for she played best in the opera．
5．Li Ming with his pet parrot showed us a short play．But he couldn’t make the bird talk as people did．So everyone thought their play was _______ one．
V. 从方框中选择恰当的句子补全下列对话，使对话意思完整。(其中有两项多余)
A．What’s it used for?
B．That sounds interesting．
C．It’s very useful．
D．How can it fly?
E．Who invented it?
F．How was it invented?
G．It’s used for opening and locking our autobike．
A：Look at that strange thing，Wei Hua! What’s that?
B：It’s a key． 1
A：Autobike? What’s it then? 2
B：It’s a battery-operated machine and it was invented by my father!
A： 3
B：It’s used for riding or flying．
A：Flying? 4
B：You can just ride it like riding an autobike and it will fly if it goes fast enough．
A： 5 I think your father is so great!
B：I think so．He has invented many things．
【参考答案】
I．连词成句
1．What’s the cheapest car in the store
2．Mary is a lot more serious than her sister
3．David is as clever as me
4．The zoo has more animals than that one
5．What’s the best movie theater
II. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子
1．not as/so
2．are both tall
3．taller than
4．different from
5．How large
III. 根据汉语提示，完成句子
1．takes in
2．as big as
3．the tallest person
4．one of the most famous writers
5．much bigger
6．die from illnesses
7．fewer；living
IV. 语法专练：用方框中所给短语完成句子
1．the best singer 2．the funniest performer
3．the loudest 4．the most talented 5．the dullest
V. 从方框中选择恰当的句子补全下列对话，使对话意思完整。(其中有两项多余)
1-5 GEADB
Unit 8单词 （音标）
treasure [ˈtreʒə] n. 财宝，财富
island [ˈaɪlənd] n. 岛屿
full of 满是…的，(有)丰富的
classic [ˈklæsɪk] n. 经典著作，名著
page [peɪdʒ] n. (书或纸张的)页，面，张
hurry ['hʌrɪ] v. 匆忙，赶快
hurry up 赶快，急忙(做某事)
due [dju:] adj. 预期的，到期的
ship [ʃɪp] n. 船
tool [tu:l] n. 工具
gun [ɡʌn] n. 炮，枪
mark [mɑ:k] n. & v. 分数，记号;作标记
sand [sænd] n. 沙滩，沙
cannibal [ˈkænɪbl] 食人肉者;同类相残的，凶残的
towards [təˈwɔ:dz] prep. 向着，朝着，对于,关于
land [lænd] n. & v. 陆地，大地，国土;着陆
fiction [ˈfɪkʃn] n. 小说，虚构，编造
science fiction 科幻小说
technology [tekˈnɒlədʒɪ] n. 科技，工艺
French [frentʃ] n.& adj. 法语，法国人(的)
pop [pɒp] n. 流行音乐
rock [rɑk] n. 岩石，摇滚乐
band [bænd] n. 乐队
country music 乡村音乐
forever [fərˈevə(r)] adv. 永远
abroad [əˈbrɔ:d] adv. 在国外，到国外
actually [ˈæktʃʊəli] adv. 真实地,实际上,说实在的
ever since 自从
fan [fʌn] n. 乐趣
southern [ˈsʌðən] adj. 南方的
modern [ˈmɔdən] adj. 现代的，现代化的
success [sək'ses] n. 成功
belong [biˈlɔŋ] v. 属于
one another 互相
laughter [ˈlɑ:ftə(r)] n. 笑，笑声
beauty [ˈbju:ti] n. 美丽，美好的事物
million [ˈmiljən] num. 百万
record ['rekɔ:d] n. & v. 记录，唱片;录制，录音
introduce [ˌɪntrəˈdju:s] v. 介绍，传入，引进
line [lain] n. 排，队，列
Alex 亚历克斯
Garth Brooks 加斯.布鲁克斯
the Beatles 披头四乐队
Treasure Island 《金银岛》
Alice in Wonderland《爱丽丝梦游仙境》
Little Women 《小妇人》
Oliver Twist 奥利佛.崔斯特
Robinson Grusoe 鲁滨逊.克鲁索
Tom Sawyer 汤姆.索亚
Harry Potter 哈利.波特
Nashville 纳什维尔
Tennessee 美国田纳西州
Country Music Hall of Fame Musuem 乡村音乐名人堂
Unit8 知识梳理
【重点词组】
1.on page 25 在第25页
2. the back of the book 书的背面
3. hurry up 赶快;匆忙
. in two weeks 在两周之内
5. go out to sea 出海
6. an island full of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿
7. w rite about 写作关于……的内容
8. finish doing sth. 做完某事
9. w ait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来
10. learn to do sth. 学会做某事
11. grow fruits and vegetables 种水果和蔬菜
12. a few weeks ago 几个星期前
13. the marks of another man’ s feet 另一个人的脚印
14. not long after that 不久之后
15. run towards sp. 跑向某地
16. use...to do sth. 用……来做某事
17. signs left behind by someone 某人留下的标记
18. read the newspaper 看报
19. science fiction 科幻小说
20. can’ t w ait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
21. a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法
22. number of people 人数
23. used to do sth. (过去)常常做某事
24. study abroad 在国外学习
25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
26. come to realize 开始意识到
27. ever since then 自从那时起
28. the southern states of America 美国的南部地区
29. belong to 属于
30. be kind to each other 善待彼此
31. trust one another 互相信任
32. the beauty of nature 大自然的美
33. have been to sp. 去过某地
34. do some research on sth. 对……做研究
35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事
36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事
37. the firs t line in the song歌曲的第一行
38. enjoy success in享受……的成功
39. at the end of the day傍晚的时候
【重点句型】
1.— Have you read little Women yet? 你读过《小妇人》吗?
— Yes,I have. /No,I haven't. 是的，我读过。/ 不，我没有。
2. — Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?
蒂娜读过《金银岛》这本书吗?
— Yes, she has. She thinks i t 's fantastic.
是的，她读过。她觉得它很棒。
3. Would you like something to drink?
你要来点喝的吗?
4. I heard you lost your key.
我听说你丢钥匙了。
5.She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them.
她开始意识到，事实上她是多么想念他们所有的人。
【语法讲解】
现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
—It’s so dark. 太黑了。
—Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ego, so far等时间状语连用。
Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里10年了。(从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿)
Eg. I have lived here since 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。(从2003年开始，持续到现在还住这儿)
(3) 基本结构及句型转换：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) (当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。)
①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 I have finished my homework. (肯定句)
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 I have not finished my homework. (否定句)
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
—Have you finished your homework?
—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, (一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答)
(4)has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
Ø Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)
Eg. ---Where is your father?
---He has gone to Shanghai.
Ø Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方)
Eg. My father has been to Shanghai.
Ø Have/has been in：呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)
Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.
(5)现在完成时的标志：
①常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。
Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.
②for + 时间段;since + 过去的时间点;since + 段时间 ago;since + 一般过去时的句子。
They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.
(6)动词过去式和过去分词的变化
规则变化：1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned
3. 以―辅音字母 + y‖结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied
4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped
不规则变化：
5. 以不变应万变。如：let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read
6. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：
feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept
7. 结尾的字母d变t。如：lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent
8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy → bought → bought;
bring → brought → brought; catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught
【话题写作】
请你根据下表中所提供的信息以“Learn to express thanks”为题，用英语写一篇演讲稿。
背 景
1.认为上中学时吃好穿好是应该的;
2.走向社会后没有感恩意识。
学会感恩
1.感谢社会提供良好的教育机会;
2.感谢父母供养自己上学;
3.感谢老师传授知识;
4.感谢朋友的鼓励与帮助。
参考词汇：enter society 进入社会， sense of thanks 感恩意识， behavior 行为
要求：
1.短文应包括所提供的所有内容，可以适当发挥，不要简单翻译;
2.演讲稿中不得出现真实的人名、地名及能够透露你个人身份的信息;
3.词数：80词左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考范文：
Good morning, boys and girls!
The topic of my speech today is “Learn to express thanks”. We find some students want to eat well and wear fashionable clothes at school. When they leave school and enter society, they don’t know how to show any sense of thanks.
I think this behavior is not correct. As students, we should learn to express thanks. The society offers us a chance to receive good education. And our parents also support us to go to school. Our teachers teach us much knowledge, so we should thank them. We should also thank our friends because they can always give us courage and help.
In the future, we should never forget our society, parents, teachers and friends. At present, we should study harder to make our world more beautiful. Thank you for your listening!
01词汇讲解
1. finish doing
finish意为“完成，结束”，作及物动词时，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词。即：finish sth.或finish doing sth.。例如：
I finished my homework this morning.
我今天上午做完了作业。
When did you finish drawing the picture?
你什么时候画完那副画的？
Can you finish reading this book tomorrow?
明天你能读完这本书吗？
【拓展】
能接v.-ing作宾语的动词还有：practice; enjoy; mind; keep等。
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
mind doing sth.介意做某事
keep doing sth. 一直做某事 例如：
In my class, most of the students enjoy singing English songs.
在我们班，大多数学生喜欢唱英语歌。
Do you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？
2. finally
finally是副词，多修饰动态动词，位置较灵活，可位于句中、句首或句尾，位于句中时，要放在be动词、助动词和情态动词之后，行为动词之前。例如：
They finally found the lost child. 他们终于找到了丢失的孩子。
He worked out the math problem finally. 他终于解出了那道数学题。
【拓展】finally; at last和in the end的辨析：
(1) finally强调在列举论点时，引出最后一个内容，有表示盼望已久的事情终于实现了的含义。侧重最后的结果。例如：
They talked about it for hours, finally they decided not to go.
他们为此讨论了几个小时，最后决定不去了。
(2) at last强调经过曲折后才达到目的。表示期待的感情更为强烈。侧重指先后顺序，并且在句中的位置较为灵活。例如：
When they found him at last, he was almost dead.
当他们最终找到他时，他几乎死过去了。
(3) in the end在强调经过许多变化、困难之后才达到目的时，与at last的用法一样，且位置较为灵活。但在表示对将来的结局表示预测时，只能用in the end。例如：
He tried many different jobs, and in the end he became a postman.
他做过许多工作，最后当了一名邮递员。
3. remind
(1) remind是及物动词，意思是“提醒、使某人想起”，经常和介词of连用，构成动词短语remind sb. of sb. / sth.＝remind sb. that＋从句，意思是“使某人想起某事或者某人”。 例如：
Does that song remind you of your mother?
那首歌使你想起你的妈妈吗？
(2) 动词短语remind sb. to do sth. 的意思是“提醒某人做某事”。例如：
Please remind me to return the books to the library.
请提醒我把这些书还给图书馆。
4. sound stupid
sound在此是系动词，意为“听起来”，后面接形容词作表语。例如：
The song sounds wonderful! 那首歌听起来太精彩了！
The music sounds beautiful. 这首音乐听起来很美。
【拓展】
类似sound这种用法的词还有：feel(摸起来，感觉)；smell(闻起来)；look(看起来)；taste(品尝)等。例如：
The food tastes delicious. 食物尝起来很美味。
I feel so happy today. Mum will buy me a new bike.
我今天很高兴，妈妈要为我买辆新自行车。
The old man looks very happy. 那个老人看起来很幸福。
These flowers smell very sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。
The tomatoes feel very soft. 这些西红柿摸起来很软。
【注意】smell; look等系动词不同于系动词be，它们在变疑问句或否定句时不能简单地提到主语之前或加not，而是要通过助动词do/does/ did等来帮助实现。例如：
Does it smell nice? 它闻起来很好吗？
The chicken doesn’t taste good. 鸡肉尝起来不好。
How do the children look? 孩子们看起来怎么样？
5. get married
(1) get married意为“结婚”。若问某人是否结婚，而不涉及结婚的对象，可用be / get married的形式，相当于系表结构。例如：
你结婚了吗？
【误】 Do you marry?/ Have you married?
【正】 Are you married?/ Have you got married?
(2) be / get married to sb. 意为“与某人结婚”。例如：
Alice was married to a doctor last month.
上个月爱丽丝和一位医生结婚了。
【拓展】
marry既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意为“结婚；嫁；娶；与……结婚等”。常见用法如下：
(1) marry sb.意为“与……结婚”。例如：
John married Mary last week.
上星期约翰和玛丽结婚了。
(2) marry sb. to sb.意为“把某人嫁给某人”。例如：
She married her daughter to a businessman.
她把女儿嫁给了一位商人。
(3) marry 一般不与介词with 连用。
她和一位英国人结了婚。
【误】She married with an Englishman.
【正】She married an Englishman.
【正】She was / got married to an Englishman.
6. along
along作介词，意为“沿着”，课本中的along the way意为“沿路”。例如：
There are trees all along the road.
沿着这条路从头到尾都有树。
【拓展】along；across与through的辨析：
(1) along意为“沿着”，指沿着一条直线在水平方向上运动。例如：
I saw him running along the road.
我看见他正沿着这条路跑。
(2) across意为“横过，穿过”，主要表示从某物的表面横过。例如：
He walked across the road carefully.
他小心地走过马路。
(3) through意为“横过，穿过”，表示从某个空间或内部穿过。例如：
He walked through the forest alone.
他独自一人走过森林。
7. maybe
maybe作副词，意为“也许；大概”。例如：
Maybe he is a teacher. 也许他是个老师。
【拓展】辨析：maybe与may be
(1) maybe是副词，主要用于非正式场合，口语中常用。意为“也许，大概”。它通常放在句子的开头，在句子中作状语。例如：
Maybe they won’t come here tonight.
他们大概今晚不会来这儿。
Maybe she is happy.
也许她是幸福的。
(2) may be是“情态动词may+动词原形be”构成的，在句中做谓语，意为“可能是、大概是”。例如：
She may be at home. 她可能在家。（也可以说：Maybe she is at home.）
You may be right. 你可能是对的。（也可以说：Maybe you are right.）
8. be made of
be made of 意为“由……制成”，强调从制成品中仍可以看出原材料。
The desk is made of woods. 桌子是由木头制成的。
【拓展】
be made 后接不同的介词，具有不同的意义。
(1) be made from意为“用……制成”，强调从制成品中看不出原材料。
Books are made from woods. 书是由木头制成的。
(2) be made in 意为“由……制造（生产）”，强调生产地点，in后只接地点的名词。
The kind of watch is made in Shanghai. 这种手表是在上海制造的。
(3) be made up of 意为“由……组成”或“由……构成”， 强调由多种成分、团体、成员或单位等组成或构成。
Our class is made up of twenty-eight girls and sixteen boys.
我们班由二十八个女孩和十六个男孩组成。
(4) be made into意为“把……制成……”，注意表示原材料的词作句子的主语，表示制成品的词作介词into的宾语。
Glass can be made into all kinds of beautiful things.
玻璃可以制成各种各样漂亮的物品。
练一练：
I. 英汉互译。
1. as soon as ___________________
2. 似乎很可能___________________
3. 结婚___________________
4. 听起来愚蠢___________________
5. make a plan ___________________
6. along the way ___________________
7. because of ___________________
8. finish doing sth. ___________________
9. hear sb. doing sth. ___________________
10. 从前___________________
II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. Thanks for your gift, it r________ me of you.
2. If you want to show your kindness, you can ______(微笑) at others.
3. The Monkey King always tries to fight bad people and help the w_____.
4. She spent the ______(整个的) evening finishing the task.
5. How s_______ you are! The question is very easy.
6. It not right to ________(欺骗) others.
7. Look, the sun is s________ through the window.
8. The shirt does not _______(适合) me. It’s too large for me.
9. The b________ boy saved a little girl by jumping into the cold river.
10. The man asked his girlfriend to _____(嫁) him.
III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. In some _________(west) countries, the song is very popular.
2. The T-shirt is _________(make) of cotton.
3. When I passed the classroom last night, I heard someone _____(talk) loudly.
4. After graduation from the University, he got ______(marry) to a girl.
5. He only laughed at us instead of _______(give) us a hand.
6. Once upon a time, there _______(be) an old man named Yu Gong.
7. We plan _____(go) out for a picnic next weekend.
8. The boy was _____(lose) and he couldn’t find his mother.
9. He _____(call) me as soon as he arrives in Beijing.
10. He had _____(such) many falls that he was black and blue all over.
参考答案：
I. 英汉互译。
1. 一……就…… 2. seem very possible
3. get married 4. sound stupid 5. 制定一个计划
6. 沿路 7. 因为 8. 完成做某事
9. 听见某人正在做某事 10. once upon a time
II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. reminds 2. smile 3. weak
4. whole 5. stupid 6. cheat
7. shining 8. fit 9. brave 10. marry
III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. western 2. made 3. talking
4. married 5. giving 6. was
7. to go 8. lost 9. will call 10. so
02句式精讲
1. As soon as the man finish talking, Yu Gong said that his family…
as soon as意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。例如：
Please call back as soon as you arrive home.
请你一到家，就给我回电。
I’ll write to you as soon as I get there.
我一到那儿就给你写信。
As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure.
我一进门，Katherine 就高兴的叫起来。
【拓展】as soon as 引导的时间状语从句前后时态搭配：
(1) 主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。例如：
He will come to my home as soon as he gets to Beijing.
他一到北京就来我家。
(2) 主句为一般过去时，从句也用一般过去时。例如：
He took out his English book as soon as he sat down.
他一坐下，就拿出他的英语书。
2. Finally, a god was so moved by Yu Gong that he sent two gods to take the mountains away.
so…that…引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”，此句型中，so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词。常用句型为：主语+谓语+ so+ adj./adv. + that从句。例如：
Our teacher is so kind that all of us like him.
我们的老师是如此好心以至于我们都喜欢他。
He runs so fast that nobody in my class can catch up with him.
他跑得那么快，我们班没有人能追上他。
【拓展】“如此……以至于……”归纳：
(1) so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句 = such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词+ that从句。例如：
It was so fine a day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic. = It was such a fine day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic.
昨天天气很好，我们都出去野餐了。
(2) such + 形容词 + 复数名词/不可数名词 + that从句。例如：
They are such good students that the teacher likes them.
他们都是很好的学生，老师喜欢他们。
It was such fine weather yesterday that we went swimming.
昨天天气很好，我们去游泳了。
(3)当that前的名词有表示数量多少的many, much, few, little等修饰时，只能用so，不能用such。例如：
There was so much noise outside that we couldn’t hear the teacher.
外面嘈杂声很大，以致我们不能听到老师的话。
He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.
他跌了这么多的跤，以致全身青一块、紫一块的。
3. It doesn’t seem very possible to move a mountain.
seem此处作连系动词，意为“似乎；好像”，后跟形容词作表语。可以和seem to be相互转换。例如：
He seems very angry. = He seems to be very angry.
他好像非常生气。
【拓展】
(1) “主语 + seem + (to be) +表语”，表语多为名词或形容词，以说明主语的特征或状态。例如：
Tom seems (to be) a very clever boy. Tom
看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。
Mr. Black seemed to be quite happy.
Black先生好像十分快乐。
(2) “主语 + seem + 不定式”，此句型中，seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。例如：
Mrs. Green doesn’t seem to like the idea.
格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。
The children seemed to be eating something in the room.
孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢。
(3) “It seems + that从句”，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。例如：
It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.
似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。
It seems to me that Mr. Brown will not come again.
在我看来布朗先生不会再来了。
(4) “There + seem to be + 名词”，to be可省略，seem的单复数要由后面的名词决定。例如：
There doesn’t seem to be much hope of our beating that team.
看来我们战胜那个队没有多大希望。
There seems no need to wait longer. 看来没有再等的必要了。
4. ...what’s possible unless you try to make it happen.
unless是连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“除非……；如果不……；除了……”，常引导一个否定意义的真实条件句，有时也可引导非真实条件句。unless引导的条件状语从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。主要用于下列情况：
(1) 主句为肯定句：
You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.
你要不快点就会错过班车。
You’ll fail in chemistry again unless you work harder.
如果你不再加把劲，你化学考试还会不及格。
(2) 主句为否定句：
One can’t learn a foreign language unless he studies hard.
不下苦功夫是学不好外语的。
I will not go unless I hear from him.
如果我不收到他的来信，我就不去。
【拓展】unless与if…not的辨析：
I’ll go there unless it rains. = I’ll go there if it
unless与if…not都表否定，连接条件状语从句时，通常可互换。
doesn’t rain. 我会去那儿，除非下雨。（如果不下雨，我就去。）
只能用if…not的情况
表示“由于未发生B而发生A”时
I’d be glad if she doesn’t come this evening. 如果今天晚上她不来，我将很高兴。
引导虚拟条件句时
If she weren’t so silly, she would understand. 如果她不那么傻，她就会明白了。
5. Did you hear our stepmother planning to kill us?
hear sb. doing sth.表示“听到某人正在做某事（正在进行）”。例如：
I heard him singing when I walked past the shop.
昨天我路过商店时，听见他正在唱歌。
【拓展】
(1) hear sb. do sth.表示“听到某人经常做某事或做某事的全过程（已完成）”。例如：
I usually hear someone sing in her room.
我经常听到有人在她房间里唱歌。
(2) hear of意为“听说”，后面接名词，代词或动名词。例如：
I have never heard of him.
我从来没有听说过他。
(3) hear from sb.意为“收到某人的来信”，与receive a letter from sb.意思相同。例如：
I heard from my mother yesterday.
= I received a letter from my mother yesterday.
昨天我收到了妈妈的来信。
练一练：
I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。
1. 我喜欢这些照片，它们能使我想起乡下的生活。
I like these photos and they can _____ me _____ the life in the country.
2. 他们将在下个星期六结婚。
They will ________ ________ next Saturday.
3. 我去是去，可是得晚一点。
I’m certainly going, but I’ll be _____ _______ _______ late.
4. 我1985年出生。
I _________ ________ in 1985.
5. 这件外套不适合你。
This coat _______ _________ ________ you.
6. 如果我不做，我们就会迷路。
________ I do, we’ll be lost.
7. 人类是世界上最聪明的生物。
Human being are the most clever living creature in _________ _______ ________.
8. 这台机器是金属制造的。
The machine _______ _______ _______ metal.
9. 彼得太累了以至于直到八点半才醒来。
Peter was so tired that he ______ ________ _____ ______ half past eight.
10. 上周那只熊猫产了一只幼崽。
Last week the panda _______ _______ ______ a baby.
II. 同义句转换。
1. How do you like the movie?
________ do you ________ ________ the movie?
2. The teacher seemed angry.
________ ________ ________ the teacher was angry.
3. They got married three months ago.
They ________ _______ ______ for three months.
4. He is so young that he can’t take care of himself.
He is _______ young ______ take care of himself.
5. The panda is kind of cute.
The panda is ______ ______ ______ cute.
III. 补全对话。
A: Sally, are you free tomorrow evening?
B: 1
A:Why not go to the movies?
B: 2 I like seeing movies very much.
A: 3
B: Well, I like comedies because they are funny. What about you?
A: I like them, too. I hear Mr. Bean is on. 4
B: Sure. Let’s meet at seven o’clock tomorrow evening.
A: Oh, it’s a little earlier.
B: 5
A: OK. See you tomorrow evening.
B: See you.
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____
A. That’s a good idea. B. Yes, I am.
C. I’m afraid I have no time.
D. How about half past seven?
E. What kind of movies do you like?
F. Where will we meet?
G. Would you like to go to the movies with me?
参考答案：
I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。
1. remind; of 2. get married 3. a little bit
4. was born 5. doesn’t fit for 6. Unless
7. the whole world 8. is made of
9. didn’t wake up until 10. gave birth to
II. 同义句转换。
1. What；think of 2. It seemed that
3. have been married 4. too; to 5. a little bit
III. 补全对话。
1-5 BAEGD
Unit 9
amusement /ə'mju:zmənt/ n. 娱乐; 游戏
amusement park 游乐场
somewhere /'sʌmweə/ adv. 在某处; 到某处
camera /'kæmərə/ n. 照相机; 摄影机; 摄像机
invention /ɪn'venʃən/ n. 发明物
invent /ɪn'vent/ v. 发明; 创造
unbelievable /ʌnbɪ'li:vəbl/ adj. 难以置信的; 不真实的
progress /'prəʊgres, prə'gres/ n. 进步; 进展
rapid /'ræpɪd/ adj. 迅速的; 快速的
unusual /ʌn'ju:ʒʊəl/ adj. 特别的; 不寻常的
toilet /'tɒɪlɪt/ n. 坐便器; 厕所
encourage /ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ/ v. 鼓励
social /'səʊʃəl/ adj. 社会的
peaceful /'pi:sfʊl/ adj. 和平的; 安宁的
tea art 茶艺
performance /pə'fɔ:məns/ n. 表演; 演出
perfect /'pɜ:fɪkt, 'pɜ:fekt/ adj. 完美的; 完全的
tea set 茶具
itself /ɪt'self/ pron. (it的反身代词) 它自己
collect /kə'lekt/ v. 收集; 采集
a couple of 两个; 一对; 几个
German /'dʒɜ:mən/ adj. 德国的; 德语的; 德国人的n. 德语; 德国人
theme /θi:m/ n. 主题
ride /raɪd/ n. 供乘骑的游乐设施; 短途旅程
province /'prɒvɪns/ n. 省份
thousand /'θaʊzənd/ num. 一千
thousands of 数以千计的; 许许多多的
on the one hand...on theother hand... 一方面......另一方面......
safe /seɪf/ adj. 安全的; 无危险的
simply /'sɪmplɪ/ adv. 仅仅; 只; 不过
fear v. & n.害怕; 惧怕
whether /'weðə/ conj. 不管......;还是); 或者......(或者); 是否
Indian /'ɪndɪən/ adj.印度的 n. 印度人
Japanese /'dʒæpə'ni:z/ adj.;日本的; 日本人的; 日语的n. 日本人; 日语
fox /fɒks/ n. 狐狸
all year round 全年
equator /ɪ'kweɪtə/ n. 赤道
whenever /wen'evə/ conj. 在任何......时候; 无论何时
spring /sprɪŋ/ n. 春天
mostly /'məʊstlɪ/ adv. 主要地; 通常
location /ləʊ'keɪʃən/ n. 地点; 位置
National Science Museum 国家科学博物馆
International Museum ofToile 国际厕所博物馆
Hangzhou National TeaMuseum 杭州国家茶博物馆
Donald Duck 唐老鸭
Disneyland /'dɪznɪlænd/ 迪斯尼乐园
Disney Cruise 迪斯尼游轮
the Terracotta Army 兵马俑
the Bird' s Nest 鸟巢
Singapore /'sɪŋgə'pɔ:/ 新加坡
Southeast Asia 东南亚
Night Safari 夜间动物园
Unit9 知识梳理
【重点短语】
1. at night 在晚上
2.in a more natural environment
在一个更加自然的环境中
3. all year round 一年到头，终年
4.be far from 离......远
5.in the dark 在黑暗中
6. in the past 在过去
7.have been to sp 去过某地
8.science museum科学博物馆
9.history museum 历史博物馆
10.amusement park 游乐园
11.go somewhere different 去不同的地方
12.go skating 去滑冰
13.take the subway 坐地铁
14.a great way to spend a Saturday afternoon
一个过周六下午的好办法
15.all the old movie camera
所有的古老的电影摄影机
16. learn about sth 了解有关.....的情况
17. on the weekend 在周末
18.camp in the mountains 在大山里露营
19.put up a tent 搭帐篷
20.in such a rapid way 以如此速猛的方式
21.different kinas of 各种各样的
22.development of toilets 厕所的发展
23.social groups 社会团体
24.the tea art performances 茶艺表演
25. make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets.
用漂亮的茶具沏一杯完美的茶
26. a nice place to enjoy tea 一个品茶的好地方
27.Thousands of 数以千计的
28.international Museum of Toilets 国际厕所博物馆
29.the Terracotta Army 兵马俑
30.southeast Asia 东南亚
31.night Safari 夜间动物园
32.three quarters 四分之三
33. an English-speaking country
一个讲英语的国家
34.have a problem doing sth 做某事很困难
35.during the daytime 在白天
36. a couple of times 好几次
37.right now 现在，目前
38. an amusement park with a special theme
一个有特别的主题的游乐园
39. Walk around the park 在公园里到处走
40. hear of 听说
41. take a ride 兜风
42. another province 另一个省
43. the Bird’s Nest 鸟巢
44. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
45. on the one hand....on the other hand 一方面，另一方面
【重点句型】
1. Have you ever been to a science museum?
你曾经去过科学博物馆吗？
2.Let's go somewhere different today.
让我们今天去不同的地方吧。
3. It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way.
科技以如此速猛的方式发展真是令人难以置信啊！
4. Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, you,ll find it all in Singapore!
不管你喜欢印度食品，西方食品还是日本食品，在新加坡你都能找到！
5.One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round.
新加坡一个很大的特征是它的气温几乎一年到头都是一样的。
6. It is best to visit Singapore. 最好游览新加坡。
【话题写作】
本单元围绕话题“曾经去过的地方”展开，使用现在完成时表达已经做过的事情。表达的时候不要单独使用一种时态，应多个时态交叉使用。
【题目要求】
假如你到过济南旅游过几次，那里的植物园（Botanical Garden）,趵突泉（Baotu Spring） 大明湖(Daming lake)，动物园，以及交通，购物等给你留下了深刻印象。80—100 词左右。请用英语写一篇来分享一下你的游历。
提示词：have been to, fall in love with , have fun , such as , would like to, guide
【优秀满分范文】
Have you ever been to Jinan? I have been there several times. I think it’s really a beautiful city. I fell in love with it when I first travelled there.
There are some beautiful places to have fun , such as Baotanical Garden, Baotu Spring and Daming Lake. In the zoo, you can see many kinds of animals walking around and some are sleeping. You can easily buy what you want. Because there are lovely restaurants and fantastic gift shops everywhere. Buses and taxis can take you where you want to go.
Welcome to Jinan. I would like to be your tour guide.
01词汇讲解
1. invent
（1）invent 作动词，意为“发明；创造”。例如：
Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯。
（2）invent还可以表示“虚构”。例如：
The whole story was invented. 整个故事是虚构的。
（3）invent的名词形式有两个，一个是inventor（发明者；发明家），另一个是invention（发明物）。例如：
Edison is a great inventor in history.
爱迪生是历史上伟大的发明家。
Human history is also a history of great inventions.
人类的历史也是一个伟大发明的历史。
【拓展】
invent和discover的辨析：
（1）invent 意为“发明，发明之物”指“从无到有”。例如：
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
亚历山大•格雷厄姆•贝尔在1876年发明了电话。
（2）discover 意为“发现”，指“本来就已经存在，但不为人知”的事物。例如：
Columbus discovered America in 1492.
哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
2. unbelievable
unbelievable作形容词，意为“难以置信的；不真实的”，是由believable“可相信的；可信任的”加否定前缀un-派生而来的。其动词形式为believe，意为“相信；以为”。例如：
It’s unbelievable that you are a writer.
我难相信你是一个作家。
【拓展】
un-是个前缀，意为“不”。例如：
happy“高兴的”— unhappy“不高兴的”；
lucky“幸运的”— unlucky“不幸的”；
important“重要的”— unimportant；“不重要的”；
healthy“健康的”— unhealthy“不健康的”。
3. encourage
encourage 作动词，意为“鼓励”。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。例如：
The teacher often encourages us to study hard.
老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。
My mother encouraged me to enter the contest.
妈妈鼓励我参加那场比赛。
【拓展】
（1）encourage sb. in sth. 意为“在……方面鼓励/助长某人”。例如：
Don’t encourage him in laziness.
别助长他的懒惰行为。
（2）encouragement是encourage的名词形式，意为“鼓舞/鼓励”。例如：
The teacher’s words were a great encouragement to him.
老师的话对他是极大的鼓舞。
4. collect
collect作及物动词，意为“收集，搜集”。例如：
collect stamps 收集邮票 collect coins 收集硬币
【拓展】
collection作名词，意为“收藏品、收集物”。是动词collect 的名词形式，是由动词collect后缀－tion变化来的。collector 作名词，意为“收藏家”。例如：
These are my collections.
这些是我的收藏品。
My brother has a very good collection of stamps.
我的弟弟收集了许多邮票。
Mark is a famous stamp collector.
Mark是一位著名的邮票收藏家。
5. a couple of
a couple of意为“少数；几个”。例如：
He bought a couple of books for his daughter.
他为他的女儿买了几本书。
【拓展】
a couple of还可意为“一双；一对”。例如：
I found a couple of socks in the room but they did not make a pair.
我在房间里找到两只袜子，但他们不是一双。
6. thousands of
thousand是数词，意为“千”，当表示具体的“几千”时，用“基数词 + thousand”，注意不加-s。例如：
There are six thousand students in the city.
这个城市有6000名学生。
【拓展】
（1）thousands of 表示“数千，成千上万的”这时thousand后要加-s，且后面有介词of，但是不能与数词连用。例如：
There are thousands of people on the square.
在广场上有成千上万的人。
（2）表示数词的还有hundred“百”，million“百万”，billion“十亿”。它们的用法和thousand一样，可以用来表示约数和确数。
7. whether
whether常引导宾语从句，表示“是否”之意。当把一般疑问句的直接引语转化成间接引语时，常用if或whether作引导词。例如：
I asked her, “Do you study English here?”
我问她：“你在这里学习英语吗？” →
I asked her if/ whether she studied English there.
我问她是否在那里学习英语。
【拓展】
if和whether的辨析：
if和whether均可表示“是否”，一般情况下二者可以互换。但在下列条件下，只能用whether而不能用if：
（1）if后不能直接接or not。
（2）whether可作介词的宾语。
（3）whether后可接不定式。
（4）whether可用于句首。
（5）whether可引导主语从句、表语从句。例如：
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。
Whether it is right or wrong, I don’t know.
正确与否，我不知道。
It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not.
他来不来没关系。
8. mostly
mostly作副词，意为“主要地；通常 ”。例如：
He reads the occasional book, but mostly just magazines.
他偶尔也看书，但大多只看杂志。
Lizards live mostly in warm climates.
蜥蜴主要生长在气候温暖的地方。
He works mostly in London office.
他通常在伦敦办事处工作。
练一练：
I. 英汉短语互译。
1．take the subway ________________
2．by bike________________
3．have a great time ________________
4．take a holiday ______________
5．go skating ________________
6．各种各样的________________
7．在将来________________
8．鼓励某人做某事________________
9．一方面……另一方面……______________
10．数以千计的______________
II. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。
1．—Do you know who d______ America?
—Columbus(哥伦布)．
2．Autumn is the third s_______ of the year．
3．The t______ is very high today．You shouldn’t wear so many clothes．
4．David is a ______(勇敢的) boy．
5．How many ______(狐狸) can you see in the picture?
6．His son is ______(醒着的) at seven every morning．
7．The p______ of our city is larger than before．
8．Now more and more people like to learn ______(自然的) science in China．
III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1．The book ______(it) is so perfect that everybody likes it．
2．We are satisfied with their _______(perform)．
3．Lily’s father has large _______(collect) of old coins．
4．I met some _______(German) on my way home．They asked me the way to the museum．
5．I think the car is one of the best ______(invent) in our life．
6．She has an ______(usual) experience in the countryside．
7．The old man wanted to move to a _______(peace) place．
8．The news spread ______(rapid) from mouth to mouth．
9．Her _______(society) life got in the way of her study．
10．Nobody believes the story．I think so．I think it’s _______(believe)．
【参考答案】
I. 英汉短语互译。
1．乘地铁 2．骑自行车 3．玩得开心
4．度假 5．去滑冰
6．different kinds of/a variety of
7．in the future 8．encourage sb. to do sth．
9．on (the) one hand...on the other hand...
10．thousands of
II. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。
1．discovered 2．season 3．temperature
4．brave 5．foxes 6．awake
7．population 8．natural
III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1．itself 2．performance 3．collection
4．Germans 5．inventions
6．unusual 7．peaceful 8．rapidly
9．social 10．unbelievable
02句式精讲
1. I’ve never been camping.
“have+been+现在分词”为现在完成进行时结构。表示从过去某一时刻一直延续至今的动作。在句中，说话人使用这一时态来强调自己从未有过野营的经历，欠缺这方面经验。例如：
I’ve been cleaning the house but I still haven’t finished.
我一直在打扫屋子，但我仍然没有做完。
I have been working for 12 hours.
我已经工作了12小时了。（刚结束了工作，或者还正在做并将继续）。
2. I wonder how much more computers will be able to do in the future.
wonder作及物动词，意为“想知道；对……感到怀疑”，常见的用法有：
（1）后接who，what，why，where 等引导的宾语从句。
I wonder who she is. 我想知道她是谁。
She wondered what the child was doing.
她感到疑惑，孩子究竟在干什么。
I wonder why Ann is late.
我想知道安为什么迟到了。
I wonder where they have gone.
我想知道他们去哪儿了。
（2）后接 that 引导的宾语从句，表示“对……感到惊讶”， that常可省去。
I wonder (that) she has won the race.
我对她赢了比赛感到惊讶。
（3）后接 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句，常用来表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。
She wondered whether you were free that morning.
她想知道你那天上午是否有空。
I wonder if he will succeed.
我不知道他会不会成功。
3. Let’s go to one tomorrow.
let意为“让，允许”， 表示 “让（允许）某人做某事”应该说“let sb. do sth.”，不能说“let sb. to do sth.”。例如：
Let me help you. 让我帮助你。
His mother doesn’t let him go out at night.
他母亲不让他晚上出去。
let’s…是表示建议或请求的祈使句句型，let’s是let us的缩写形式。例如：
Let’s go to school. 咱们上学吧。
Let’s play basketball after school.
咱们放学后打篮球吧。
【拓展】
let’s 与let us在用法上略有区别。
在表示向对方提出建议，涉及双方的共同行为时，let us可以缩写成let’s；而表示请求对方允许做某事，不涉及对方行为时，let us不能缩写成let’s。例如：
Let’s (=Let us) play sports. 咱们做运动吧。
Let us know your telephone number.
请把你的电话号码告诉我们。（Let us 不能缩写成Let’s）
【注意】
以Let’s开头的句子改为反意疑问句的时候，后面的附加疑问句用“shall we？”，因为Let’s是把说话人包含在内了；以Let us开头的句子改为反意疑问句的时候，后面的附加疑问句用“will you?”， 因为Let us不包括对方。
4. It’s really interesting, isn’t it?
It’s really interesting, isn’t it?是反意疑问句，表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问，要求对方用yes或no来进行回答。
反意疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是疑问句，疑问句是由be，have，助动词或情态动词后接主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构，反意疑问句须用否定结构；反之，陈述句如果是否定结构，反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分，必须保持人称和时态的一致。例如：
He is old, isn’t he? 他老了，不是吗？
He never went there, did he?
他从没有去过那里，是吗？
无论哪种形式的反意疑问句，回答时要遵循：“Yes,后接肯定式”或者“No,后接否定式”。
例如：
—The girl is helping her mother with the housework, isn’t she?
那个女孩正在帮妈妈做家务,不是吗？
—Yes, she is. 是的，她在帮。
—No, she isn’t. 不，她没有帮。
5. The tea art performances show how to make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets.
how to make a perfect cup of tea是“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”，在句子中作动词show的宾语。相当于特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如：
I don’t know what to do =I don’t know what I can do next.
我不知道下一步做什么。
【拓展】
疑问词what，which，how，where，when等可以和动词不定式连用，构成不定式短语。“疑问词＋动词不定式”可以做主语、宾语、表语等。例如：
When to start off hasn’t been decided yet. 什么时候出发还没决定。（做主语）
The question is which bus to take. 问题是乘哪辆公共汽车。（做表语）
“疑问词＋动词不定式”可以由名词从句简化而来。
I don’t know what I should say. → I don’t know what to say.
我不知道该说些什么。
练一练：
I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。
1．Mary hasn’t been to Dalian．I haven’t been to Dalian，either．(改为同义句)
_______ Mary _______ I ______ been to Dalian．
2．Tom is the tallest boy in his class．(改为同义句)
Tom is taller than ______ ______ _______ in his class．
3．Linda hasn’t been to Wuhan．I haven’t been there, either．(改为同义句)
Linda hasn’t been to Wuhan．______ ______．
4．She’s been to Qingdao twice．(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______ has she been to Qingdao?
5．They have cleaned the classroom．(改为否定句)
They _______ ________ the classroom．
6．Has your brother finished his homework? (作肯定回答)
Yes，_______ ________．
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1．四分之三以上的人口是中国人。
More than _______ of the population are Chinese．
2．你将毫不费力地找到米饭、面条或饺子。
You won’t have any ______ ______ rice，noodles or dumplings．
3．我不知道你是否喜欢印度食品。
I don’t know ______ you like Indian food.
4．天黑的时候去动物园或许很奇怪。
It ______ ______ ______ to go to a zoo when it’s dark．
5．你可以选择在你喜欢的任何时间去那里。
You can choose to go ______ ______ ______．
6．如果你不去买东西，我也不去。
If you don’t go shopping，______ ______ ______．
7．许多孩子已经听说那部电影了。
Lots of children have ______ _______ that movie already．
8．我常看见他们在家写作业。
I often ______ ______ _______their homework at home．
9．这本字典比其他的字典贵很多。
This dictionary is more expensive than ______ ______ ______．
10．在博物馆有那么多好看的东西。
There’s ______ ______ ______ to see in the museum．
III. 语法专练：句型转化。
1．I haven’t washed the clothes. Neither has she. (改为同义句)
I haven’t washed the clothes. She ______ ______.
2．She has already finished the homework. (改为否定句)
She ______ _____ the homework ______.
3．Both of them have visited Mount Huang. (改为否定句)
______ ______ them ______ visited Mount Huang.
4．Neither this answer nor that one is right. (改为同义句)
_______ ______ the answer _______ right.
5．He has never been to New York. I have never been there, either. (改为同义句)
He has never been to New York, and _______ ______ I.
IV. 从方框中选择适当的句子完成对话。
A. I wish I will go there with you that day.
B. But I have never been to an amusement park.
C. Where will you go?
D. We have no time now.
E. How much is the ticket?
A: Have you ever been to an aquarium?
B: Yes, I have. I went there last year. ___1___
A: Neither have I. I want to go there. I want to go to the space museum, too.
B: I haven’t ever been to the space museum, either. My father said he would take me there one day.
A: How lucky you are! ___2___
B: I wish, too. I believe we will have a great time there.
A: Yes. Now it’s getting late. ___3___
B: I want to see a film in the theater now.
A: I want to go, too. ___4___
B: Twenty yuan. ___5___ Let’s go.
【参考答案】
I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。
1．Neither；nor；have
2．any other boy/the other boys
3．Me neither
4．How many times
5．haven’t cleaned
6．he has
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1．three quarters
2．problem getting
3．whether/if
4．might seem strange
5．whenever you like
6．neither will I
7．heard of
8．see them do
9．any other one／dictionary或the other dictionaries
10．so much fun
III. 语法专练：句型转化。
1．hasn’t either
2．hasn’t finished; yet
3．Neither of; has
4．Neither of; is
5．neither have
IV. 从方框中选择适当的句子完成对话。
1-5：BACED
Unit10 单词 （音标）
yard [jɑ:d] n. 院子
yard sale 庭院拍卖会
sweet [swi:t] adj. & n. 甜的，糖果
memory [ˈmemərɪ] n. 记忆，记忆力，回忆
cent [sent] n. 分，分币
toy [tɔɪ] n. 玩具
bear [bɛə] n. 熊
maker [ˈmeɪkə(r)] n. 生产者，制造者
bread maker 面包机
scarf [skɑ:f] n. 围巾，披巾，头巾
soft [sɔft] adj. 柔软的
soft toy 软体玩具，布绒玩具
check [tʃek] n. & v. 餐馆账单;检查
check out 察看，观察
board [bɔ:d] n. 板子，甲板
board game 棋类游戏
junior [ˈdʒu:nɪə(r)] adj. 地位低下的
junior high school 初中
clear [klɪə] adj. 清晰的，清澈的
clear out 清理，清除掉
bedroom [ˈbedru:m] n. 卧室
no longer 不再，不复
own [əun] adj. 属于自己的
railway [ˈreɪlweɪ] n. 铁路，铁道
part [pɑ:t] n. 部分，零部件
part with 放弃，交出
certain [ˈsə:tn] adj. 某一，确定的，无疑的
as for 至于，关于
honest [ˈɒnɪst] adj. 诚实的，正直的
to be honest 说实在的
while [wail] conj. 当...时候，一段时间，一会儿
truthful [ˈtru:θfl] adj. 诚实的，真实的
hometown [ˈhəʊmtaʊn] n. 家乡，故乡
nowadays [ˈnaʊədeɪz] adv. 现今，现在，目前
search [sɜ:tʃ] v. 搜索，搜查
among [əˈmʌŋ] prep. 在其中…之一
crayon ['kreɪən] n. 彩色铅笔
shame [ʃeɪm] n. 羞耻
regard [rɪ'ɡɑ:d] n. & v. 致敬，问候;将…视为
count [kaunt] n. & v. 计算，计数;有价值
century ['sentʃərɪ] n. 世纪，百年
according [ə'kɔ:dɪŋ] adv. 依照，按照
opposite [ˈɔpəzit]在…对面，与…相对;对面的
especially [ɪˈspeʃəli] adv. 特别，尤其
childhood [ˈtʃaɪldhʊd] n. 孩童时期
consider [kənˈsidə] v. 仔细考虑，思考，注视，
close to 几乎，接近
hold [həuld] v. 拥有，抓住
Unit10 知识梳理
【重点短语】
1. these days 目前，现在
2.regard with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着
3. in order to 为了
4.so far 迄今，到目前为止
5. in need 需要
6. not...any more 不再.....
7. welcome to sp 欢迎来到.....
8.check out 察看，观察
9. board games 棋类游戏
10. one last thing 最后一样东西
11. junior high school 初级中学
12.clear out 清理
13. no longer 不再
14.toy monkey 玩具猴
15. part with 与.....分开
16. to be honest 说实在的
17. ride a bike 骑自行车
18. have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会
19. one’s old things 某人的旧东西
20. bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回忆
21. give away 捐赠
22. play for a while 玩一会
23. do with 处理，处置
24. search for work 找工作
25.for the last 13 years 在过去的13年里
26. the mid-20th century 20世纪中期
27. stay the same 保持原状
28. according to 依照，按照
29. in one’s opinion 依......看
30. in my time 在我那个年代
【重点句型】
1. Have long have you had that bike over there?
那边的那辆自行车你买了多久了？
2. Amy has had her favorite book for three years .
艾米拥有她最喜欢的书3年了。
3. He has owned it since his fourth birthday.
自他四岁生日起，他拥有这个东西了。
4. Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year.
有些人依然住在家乡，然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。
5. As for me ,I did not want to give up my football shirts,but to be honest, I have not played for a while now.
至于我，我不想放弃我的足球衣，但是，说实在的，我现在已经有一段时间没有踢球了。
6. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things?
你是否曾经想过要举办一个庭院拍卖会来出售东西？
7. What would you do with the memory you raise?
你会怎样处理你所筹集到得钱？
【话题写作】
某英文报举办“家乡的变化”主题征文活动。请你根据以下提示，“The changes in my hometown”为题，用英语写一篇80词左右的短文。
过去：
生活贫困，房屋破旧。污染严重，垃圾遍地。交通不便，游客很少。
现在：
住房宽敞明亮，许多人有了自己的汽车。山更绿了，水更清了，天更蓝了。每年有成千上万来自世界各地的游客。
将来：
请你展望家乡的未来。
【优秀满分范文】
The Changes In My Hometown
In the past, my hometown was very small, and people lived a poor life. The houses were old and small. Pollution was very serious, and there was rubbish everywhere. The traffic was not convenient, so few visitors came here.
Now great changes have taken place in my hometown. The environment has become more beautiful. The mountains have turned greener, the rivers are clearer and the sky are bluer. There are trees, flowers and grass everywhere. People live a better life. Their houses are large and bright. Many people have their own cars. Every year , thousands of people from all over the world come to our city.
I’m sure it will get richer and more beautiful in the future. I love my hometown.
01词汇讲解
1. for/since
(1) for与表示一段时间的词连用，表示“做某事多长时间了”，常用于现在完成时，表示从过去某时开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。for所在句子中的动词是延续性动词。例如：
I’ve lived inChinafor two years. 我住在中国两年了。
I’ve known him for more than twenty years. 我认识他20多年了。
(2) since作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如：
I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。
I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。
since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如：
She has been ill since last weekend.
她自从上周末就病了。
She has been in Wuhan since four years ago.
自从四年前她就在武汉。
2. maker
maker是名词，意为“生产者；制造者”，是由“动词make + 后缀-r”构成的。英语中，表示职业或身份的名词小结：
(1) 以-ist结尾的有：
pianist钢琴家 chemist化学家 violinist小提琴家
physicist物理学家 scientist科学家
(2) 以-er，-r或-or结尾的有：
teacher教师 painter画家
writer作家 singer歌唱家
visitor参观者 actor演员
engineer工程师 inventor发明家
professor教授 reporter记者
(3) 以-man结尾的有：
postman邮递员 policeman警察
businessman商人 spaceman宇航员
fisherman渔夫 dustman清洁工
(4) 以-ian结尾的有：
musician音乐家 politician政治家
3. certain
certain作形容词，意为“某种；某事；某人”。例如：
He decided to sell his certain books.
他决定卖掉他的某些书籍。
【拓展】certain作形容词，意为“确定的；无疑的”，相当于sure，对应的副词为certainly。certain常用于以下结构中：
be certain / sure of sth. 对某事有把握
be certain / sure to do sth. 肯定做某事
be certain / sure + that从句 确信…… 例如：
They are certain / sure of success. 他们有把握成功。
I’m certain / sure that he will come. 我确信他会成功的。
4. a 46-year-old husband and father
46-year-old是复合形容词，这种形容词有两个特点：一是词与词之间要用连字符连接；二是数词之后的名词用单数形式。例如：
a three-meter-long line一条三米长的绳子
【拓展】岁数的表达方式小结：
(1) 基数词 + years old。例如：
He is 8 years old. 他八岁了。
(2) 基础词-year-old。例如：
Lucy is an eighteen-year-old girl. Lucy是一位18岁的女孩。
(3) 名词 + of + 基础词。例如：
Tom is a boy of 18. Tom是一位18岁的男孩。
(4) at the age of + 基数词。例如：
She is at the age of 18. 她18岁了。
5. shame
shame是不可数名词，意为“羞耻；羞愧；惭愧”。可与不定冠词a连用，表示“可耻的人或事；可惜（遗憾）的事”。例如：
He felt no shame for what he had done.
他对自己所做过的事不感到羞愧。
It’s a shame that you can’t stay for dinner.
你不能留下吃晚饭，真遗憾。
【拓展】shame常见的短语有：
feel shame at…因……而感到羞愧
in shame羞愧地
have no shame无羞耻心
with shame羞愧地
to one’s shame令某人感到羞愧的是
bring shame on使丢脸
6. regard
regard作及物动词，意为“注视；注意；认作”。常用短语regard…as…意为“将……视为……；把……当作……”，as为介词，其后可接名词或代词。例如：
I regard you as my best friend. 我把你当作我最好的朋友。
We regard him as our brother. 我们把他当成兄弟看待。
7. opposite
(1) opposite作介词，意为“在……对面”，相当于across from，常与名词一起构成介词短语，表方位。例如：
They live opposite the bank. 他们住在银行对面。
(2) opposite作形容词，意为“另一边的；对面的；相反的”。例如：
We live on the opposite side of the road. 我们住在马路对面。
(3) opposite作副词，意为“在对面”。例如：
There’s an old man living opposite. 有一个老人住在对面。
(4) opposite作名词，意为“相反的人或物；对立面”，常与介词of一起使用。例如：
“Tall” is the opposite of “short”. “高”是“矮”的反义词。
8. consider
consider作动词，意为“考虑、认为”，它的后面跟名词、动名词或者从句作宾语。
Please consider my suggestion.
请考虑我的建议。
Why don’t you consider visiting Qing Dao？
你为什么不考虑去青岛参观？
I consider that he is a selfish man.
我认为他是一个自私的人。
【拓展】
后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下归纳：
完成，实践，值得，忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）；
考虑，建议，不禁，想（consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like）；
错过，习惯，（别）放弃（miss, be used to, give up）；
继续，喜欢，（要）介意（keep on, enjoy, mind）。
练一练：
I. 英汉互译。
1. 多久___________________
2. not …any more __________
3. grow up_____________
4. 起初___________________
5. as for __________________
6. give up_____________
7. 至少________________
8. 一年一两次________________
9. according to ______________
10. in order to___________________
II. 根据句意及汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. All my life I have tried to be an _________(诚实的) man.
2. He tied a _________(围巾) around his neck.
3. Please ________(检查) your answer again.
4. It’s very comfortable to step on the _________(柔软的) ground in the spring.
5. During the 1830s, countries all over the world started to build _________(铁路).
6. He is the tallest one _____(在……当中) the boys.
7. In judging him you should ________(仔细考虑) his youth.
8. I have many pleasant _________(回忆) of our friendship.
9. My little son can _________(数数) from one to ten.
10. Miss Li _______(搜寻) on the Internet for the information she needed.
III. 用since或for填空。
1. Jill has been inIreland_________ Monday.
2. Jill has been inIreland_________ three days.
3. My aunt has lived inAustralia_________ 15 days.
4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there _______ 7 o’clock.
5.Indiahas been an independent country ________ 1947.
6. The bus is late. We’ve been waiting _______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ________ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ________ a long time. He has been in hospital _______ October.
参考答案：
I. 英汉互译。
1. how long 2. 不再 3. 长大 4. at first
5. 至于…… 6. 放弃 7. at least
8. once or twice a year 9. 根据；按照 10. 为了
II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. honest 2. scarf 3. check 4. soft
5. railway 6. among 7. consider
8. memories 9. count 10. searched
III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since
6. for 7. for 8. for; since
02句式讲解
1. How long have you had that bike over there?
how long意为“多长时间”，询问某一动作或状态持续了多久，故句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或
表示状态的连系动词。例如：
How long do you watch TV? 你看电视多长时间了？
How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多久？
【拓展】how long; how often; how soon的辨析：
how long
表示“多长时间”，主要对时间段提问。例如：
— How long is he staying? 他打算待多久？
— He’s staying for a week. 他打算待一个星期。
how often
表示“多久一次”，主要对频率进行提问。例如：
— How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视？
— Twice a week. 一周两次。
how soon
意为“还要多久”，多用在一般将来时中。例如：
— How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回来？
— In an hour. 一小时以后。
2. Because I don’t read it any more.
not…any more意为“不再”。not常位于be动词、情态动词或助动词之后，any more常位于句末，相当于no more。no more常位于句中，放在be动词之后，实义动词之前，两者经常可以互换。例如：
He doesn’t live here any more. = He no more lives here.
他不再住在这里了。
【拓展】
表示“不再”的词还有not…any longer或no longer。二者的区别在于：
(1) not…any more = no more，表示数量或程度上的“不再”增加，通常修饰终止性动词。例如：
The baby isn’t crying any more. = The baby is no more crying.
这个婴儿不再哭了。
(2) no longer = not…any longer表示时间或距离上的“不再”延长，通常修饰延续性的动词。例如：
I can’t stand it any longer. 我对此再也不能忍受下去了。
3. Amy thinks it’s hard to sell her old things.
It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事是……的”，to do sth.为句子的真正的主语，而it为形式主语，形式主语不能用别的词来代替，句中可在形容词后加for sb.，意为“对于某人来说，做某事是……的”。例如：
It’s important for us to learn a foreign language.
对我们来说，学习一门外语是相当重要的。
It’s necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables.
对我们来说，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。
【拓展】
这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb. 二者意义有区别：
(1) 在It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中，for sb.意为“对某人来说”，句中的形容词是用来说明to do sth.的，形式主语只能用it。例如：
It’s necessary for the students to do some housework.
对于学生们来说，做些家务是十分必要的。
(2) 在It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为“某人……”，句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb. 构成系表结构，即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.（某人）的。例如：
It’s very kind of you to help us.
你能帮助我们真是太好了。
4. Jim has been inJapanfor three days.
(1) been是be动词的过去分词形式。
(2) have been in 是be in的现在完成时形式，一般与段时间状语连用。例如：
He has been in hospital for two months. 他住院已经有两个月了。
【拓展】have been to; have been in 与have gone to的辨析：
(1) “have/ has been to + 地点”表示“去过某地”，现在已经回来了。例如：
I’ve been to Beijing twice. 我已去过北京两次。
(2) “have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地待了一段时间”。例如：
He’s been in this school for two years. 他在这所学校待了两年了。
(3)“ have/has gone to + 地点”表示“到某事去了”，现在还没有回来，可能在去的途中，也可能在那里或返回的途中。例如：
— Where’s Wei Hua? 魏华在哪里？
— She has gone to the zoo. 她到动物园去了。
5. But he also thinks some things will never change, and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood memories.
这是一个复合句，some things至句末为宾语从句，作thinks的宾语。在该宾语从句中包含由and连接的
两个分句，在第二个分句中，“that holds all his childhood memories”是定语从句，修饰先行词place。关
系代词that在定语从句中作主语。当定语从句的先行词指物时，关系代词可用that或which，当关系代
词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词that或which也可省略。例如：
I like clothes that/which are unusual.
我喜欢与众不同的衣服。
Pass me the book(that/which) you bought for me yesterday.
把你昨天给我买的那本书递给我。
练一练：
I. 根据汉语提示完成英语句子（每空一词）。
1. 你拥有那边的那辆自行车多长时间了？
______ ______ ______ you ______ that bike over there?
2. 请查看一下这些玩具是否完好。
Please ______ ______ if these toys are all right.
3. 说实在的，我很喜欢美国乡村音乐。
______ ______ ______, I like American country music very much.
4. 我在纽约住了几个星期。
I have lived in New York for ______ ______ ______ weeks.
5. 他不懈地学习着，直到不再讨厌数学为止。
He worked and worked until he ______ ______ hated mathematics.
6. 怀特先生的记忆力很差。
Mr. White has ______ ______ ______.
7. “空的”是“满的”的反义词。
“Empty” is ______ ______ ______ “full”.
8. 许多警察和官兵正在森林里搜寻从监狱里跑出来的犯人。
Many policemen and soldiers are ______ the forest ______ the prisoner escaping from prison.
II. 句型转化，每空一词。
1. He ran in the school for half an hour. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______ he run in the school?
2. We started to skate two hours ago. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ you start to skate?
3. They started to play the piano one or two hours ago. (改为同义句)
They started to play the piano ______ ______ ______ two ago.
4. They have been away from here since two years ago. (改为同义句)
______ ______ two years ______ they left here.
5. The man began to work four hours ago. (改为同义句)
The man has ______ ______ four hours.
6. I have already finished my homework. (改为否定句)
I ______ ______ my homework ______.
7. She has cleaned the room. (改为一般疑问句)
______ she ______ the room?
8. Tina bought the car last year. (改为同义句)
Tina ______ ______ the car ______ a year.
III. 补全对话。
A. Who has gone there?
B. When are you going there?
C. I haven’t been there, either.
D. I’ve seen and learnt a lot there.
E. What have you done in the holiday?
F. Which pavilion do you want to visit most?
G. But I hear there’re a large number of people every day.
M: Yang Liu, the summer holiday is over. 1
W: I have visited the World Expo Garden in Shanghai.
M: That must be exciting. 2 You must have waited for a long time to visit some wonderful pavilion, didn’t you?
W: Yes, I did. But I think it’s worth visiting. 3
M: You’re right. I want to go to the World Expo Garden, too.
W: 4
M: I’m planning to go during National Day holiday.
W: 5
M: The China Pavilion, of course.
W: Have a pleasant trip.
M: Thanks.
参考答案：
I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。
1. How long have; had 2. check out
3. To be honest 4. a couple of 5. no longer
6. a bad memory 7. the opposite of 8. searching; for
II. 句型转化，每空一词。
1. How long did 2. When did
3. one hour or 4. It is; since
5. worked for 6. haven’t finished; yet
7. Has; cleaned 8. has had; for
III. 补全对话。
1-5 EGDBF
相关文档
- 八年级下册英语人教版知识要点汇总2021-10-1237页
- 2019年春八年级英语下册Unit8Havey2021-10-127页
- 外研新标准版本初中英语八年级下册2021-10-129页
- 2019年春八年级英语下册Module2Exp2021-10-128页
- 初二英语下UNIT总复习2021-10-124页
- 初中英语初一升初二 七年级升八年2021-10-125页
- 第五中学八年级英语第二学期教学案2021-10-1218页
- 英语初二下冀教unitll2021-10-1210页
- 人教PEP版八年级下册英语同步课件-2021-10-1222页
- 外研版八年级下册英语同步教学课件2021-10-1224页
微信/支付宝扫码支付下载