八年级下册人教版英语知识点总结 26页

第一单元 一、重点短语 have a cough 咳嗽 have a toothache 牙疼 talk too much 说得太多 drink enough water 喝足够的水 have a cold 受凉;感冒 have a stomachache 胃疼 have a sore back 背疼 have a sore throat 喉咙痛 hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 see a dentist 看牙医 get an X-ray 拍 X 光片 take one's temperature 量体温 put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药 feel very hot 感到很热 sound like 听起来像 all weekend 整个周末 go along 沿着……走 on the side of the road 在马路边 shout for help 大声呼救 without th inking twice 没有多想 get off 下车 have a heart problem 有心脏病 to one’ s surprise 使....... [京讶的 thanks to 多亏了 ；由于 in time 及时 save a life 挽救生命 get into trouble 造成麻烦 right away 立刻；马上 because of 由于 get out of 离开;从……出萍 hurt oneself 受伤 put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 fa ll down 摔倒 feel sick 感到恶心 have a nosebleed 流鼻血 cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 put her head back 把她的头向后仰 have problems breathing 呼吸困难 mountain climbing 登山运动 be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 run out (of) 用完;用尽 so that 以便 so. . . that 如此… …以至于… be in control of 掌管;管理 keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 make a decision 做出决定 take risks 冒险 give up 放弃 二、单元知识点归纳 1.maybe 与 may be maybe 是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。 Maybe he can answer the question.   也许他能回答那个问题。 He maybe is from the USA, too.    他可能也来自美国。 may be 中的 may 为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。 He may be from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。 She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师 2.too many,too much 与 much too too many 意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。 There are too many students in our class. 我们班上有太多的学生。 too much 意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。 We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做。 much too 表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。 The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it. 箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。 3.few、a few、little、a little 的区别和联系： （1）.few / a few 用来修饰可数名词，few 表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few 表示有肯 定意思， 有几个。 He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。 There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 （2）.little / a little 用来修饰不可数名词，little 表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。 a little 表 示肯定意思，有一点儿。 There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？ 4. until not…until 直到 …(否定句) 才，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词 She didn’t leave until we came. He went shopping after he got up. = He didn’t go shopping until /before he got up. ……until/till 直到……（肯定句）动词为延续性动词 We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock. 三、重点句型 1. What’ s the matter? What’ s the matter with you? = What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了？ 2. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢？ Should I take my temperature? 我应该量一下体温吗？ 主语+ should/shouldn’t + 动词原形. .. ①You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。 ② You shouldn’ t go out at night. 你晚上不应该出去。 3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？ 4. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. 我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。 5. She said that the man had a heart problem andshould go to the hospital 第二单元 一、重点短语 1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日 2. an old people's home 养老院 3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 4. used to 曾经… … ；过去 5. care for 关心;照顾 6. the look of joy 快乐的表情 7. at the age of 在......岁时 8clean up 打扫(或清除)干净 9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀 10. give out 分发;散发 11. come up w ith 想出；提出 12. make a plan 制订计划 13. make some notices 做些公告牌 14. try out 试用；试行 15. work for 为…工作；为… 效力 16. put up 建造；举起；张贴 17. hand out 分发；散发；发给 18. call up 打电话;召集 19. put off 推迟;延迟 20. for example 比如；例如 21. raise money 筹钱；募捐 22. take after 与......相像;像 23. give away 赠送;捐赠 24. fix up 修理;修补;解决 25. be similar to 与……相似 26. set up 建立；设立 27. disabled people 残疾人 28. make a difference 影响；有作用 29. be able to 能够 二、单元知识点归纳 1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作 如：cheer me up 使我高兴 clean up 打扫 clean-up n. 打扫 2.homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩 home n. 家 3.sick/ill sick adj. 生病的 作表语、定语 ill adj. 生病的 作表语 ，不能作定语 4.call up 打电话 make a telephone call 打电话 5.set up 成立 建立 The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在 2000 年成立的。 6.put …to use 把… 投入使用，利用 They put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用 7.plan to do 计划做某事 plan + 从句 I plan to go to Beijing. = I plan (that) I will go to Beijing. 我计划去北京。 8.spend … doing 花费…做… I spent a day visiting Beijing. 我花了一天的时间去参观北京。 spend… on sth. 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English. 9.not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分 引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。 （1）Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要把前面的句子中的助动词或 者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如： Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。 （2）Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就 近原则 如： Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。 Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。 常见的就近原则的结构有： ①Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。 ②Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)Either Lily or you are a student. ③Not only …but (also)… ④There be 10.join、take part in join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) join the Party 入党 take part in 参加 (指参加活动) take part in sports meeting 参加运动会 11.run out 与 run out of ①run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被 动意义。 His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。 My patience has completely run out. 我没有一点耐心了。 Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。 ②run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。 He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花 完了。 两者在一定条件下可以互换： The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了 = We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完 了。 Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time 12.take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像 be similar to 与..相像 take after 相像 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾 13.work out v. + adj. ①结局，结果为 The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。 ②算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等） He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。 He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。 I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。 14.fill… with… 使…充满… 用…填充… She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。 15.help sb. out 帮助…做事，解决难题(摆脱困境) I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。 16.train n. 火车/v. 训练 train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事 She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。 17.at once = right away 立刻；马上 Do it at once. 马上去做。 I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。 18.one day 有一天 (指将来/过去) some day 有一天(指将来) 如： One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。 Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。 19.表示“给……” hand out 分发 give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分…给某人 give up doing 放弃… give away 赠送 捐赠 give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 三、重点句型 1. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。 2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. 清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。 3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. 每周六上午，他都在一家动物医院当志愿者。 4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 去年，她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。 5. ...you can see in their eyes that they're going on a different journey with each new book. ……从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每本不同的新书之旅。 6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. 我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。 7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money. 现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。 8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 在你的帮助下，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。 第三单元 一、重点短语 do the chores 做杂务 stay out late 晚归 come over 过来 have a test 考试 get a ride 搭车 use one's computer 使用某人的电脑 hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth. 讨厌某事/做某事 make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做饭 wash the car 刷车 work on 从事，忙于 work at 学习、致力于、在……上下工夫 borrow some money 借一些钱 borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入) lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出) You can borrow some money from your brother. 你可以向你哥哥借些钱。 Can you lend me your bike? 你能借给我你的自行车吗？ invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 They invited me to join their club. 他们邀请我参加俱乐部。 invite sb to a place invite you to my party go to the store 去商店 agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事 disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意见 take care of = look after 照顾、照看、照料 take good care of = look after … well 把……照管得好 take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步 play with sb. 和某人玩 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(做过) （1）do，make 短语归类 do the dishes 洗餐具 do my homework 做我的家庭作业 do chores 做家务，处理琐事 do the laundry 洗衣 do the shopping 购物 do some reading 读书 make your bed 铺床 make breakfast 做早餐 make dinner 做晚饭 make tea 泡茶，沏茶 make a cup of coffee 冲一杯咖啡 （2）关于 to 的短语总结 have to do sth. 不得不，必须做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事 hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 want to do sth. 想做某事 love to do sth. 热爱做某事 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 start to do sth. 开始做某事 begin to do sth. 开始做某事 ask sb to do sth. 请某人做某事 二、单元知识点归纳 1. help out 动词短语，表示在某人繁忙或 遇到困难时“给予帮助”。 help 和 out 之间还可以加入具体的“人”。 He helped me out with my task.他帮我完成了任务。 They helped (us) out with the clean-up.他们帮助我们做大扫除。 2.any minute now 一种常见的口语表达法，相当于“随时；马上；在任何时刻”的意思，表示事情有可能在极短 的时间内发生或眼下就要发生。 minute 还可以用 second, moment, time 等词替换。 Don’t worry, he will come here any minute now. 别担心, 他会马上来这儿。 3.take 有关的短语 take out 带出去,取出 take ...out 把……带出去 take off 脱下；（飞机）起飞 take …to …把...带到... take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步 take exercise 运动，锻炼 take one’s time 不用急，慢慢来 take a bus(ship/train)乘坐公共汽车 take turns 轮流，替换 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间 4.a few/few/a little/little a few 少数；几个 修饰可数名词复数 表肯定 few 几乎没有的；很少的 修饰可数名词复数 表否定 a little 一点；少许 修饰不可数名词，表肯定 little 几乎没有的；很少的 修饰不可数名词，表否定 5.neither Nor/neither +be/助动词/情态动词+主语“某人也不……” neither 用作副词，作“也不”解释，放在句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或物， 句子须采用部分倒装。此时也可用 nor 替换 neither 使用。 — I don’t like this dress. 我不喜欢这件连衣裙。 — Neither / Nor do I. 我也不喜欢。 neither 用作代词，表示“两者都不，双方均不”。 He answered neither of the letters.他两封信都没回。 — Which one would you like? 你喜欢哪一个？ — Neither.两个都不喜欢。 neither...nor... “既不……也不”。 Neither you nor I am right. So +be/助动词/情态动词+主语 “某人也是如此” So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词(表示对上句情况的肯定或重复）“某人确实如此”。 Betty is a nice girl. So she is . 6.also, too, either, neither 的用法 1）also 是比较正式的用语，语气较庄重。它通常放在句中，位于行为动词之前，连系动词 之后; 如有助动词或情态动词，一般放在助动词或情态动词之后。 Peter also has two brothers. 彼得也有两个兄弟。 I am also a student. 我也是一名学生。 Mrs. Green can also sing the song in Chinese. 格林夫人也能用汉语唱这首歌。 2）too 是普通用词，多用于口语，语气较随便。一般用在肯定句和一般疑问句的句末。 I’m in Row 1, too. 我也在第一排。 注意：also 和 too 一般都用于肯定句，很少用于否定句。 3）either 表示“也”时，一般只用于否定句，且置于句末。 I don’t know him. Tom doesn’t know him, either. 我不认识他，汤姆也不认识他。 If you don’t go there, he won’t go there, either. 如果你不去那儿，他也不会去那儿。 注意：either 本身没有否定的意义。所以多与 not 连用。 7. neither 表示“两个都不”，它作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Neither of you can do it. 你们两个都不能做这件事。 8. It is the parents’job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 此处代词 it 仅为形式上的主语, 真正的主语是 to provide … for their children。我们也可将 It is one’s job (duty, …) to do something.视为一个固定的句型, 表示“做某事是某人的工作(职责 等)”。 It’s every teacher’s job to explain things clearly to the students.把东西给学生讲明白是每一位 老师应做的事情。 9. provide 作动词，意为“ 提供；供应”。 provide sb. with sth.或 provide sth. for sb.意为“为某人提供某物”。 The movie theater provides us with good service. His school provided a house for him. 10. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. 反正我觉得干点家务也不难。 anyway 是一个副词, 若位于句首, 其后往往会有逗号将其与句子的其他内容隔开。 anyway 在此句中的作用是追加评论, 相当于汉语的“反正；仍然；依然”。 11.Sam didn’t get the job, but he’s not unhappy because it didn’t pay well anyway. 萨姆没有得到那份工作，但他并没有闷闷不乐，反正薪酬也不算高。 anyway 还可用来表示“不管怎样; 无论如何”之意。 It’s just a cold. But anyway, you should still see the doctor.这只不过是感冒, 但不管怎样, 你还 是应该看看医生。 12. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. 孩子们越早学会独立, 对他们的未来就越好。 “the+比较级+……, the+比较级+……”是英语中一个常用的句型结构, 表示“越……, 就越……”。 The more he explained, the better we understood.他解释得越多, 我们就理解得越透彻。 Many people believe that the more a person reads, the wiser he will become.很多人相信一个人 书读得越多就会变得越聪明。 13.as soon as 一.....就..... 引导时间状语从句。这个短语用的比较常用，口语和书面语都可以。它的特点是，在句子中 的位置比较灵活，而且可以用于各种时态。 I’ll write you as soon as I get there. 我一到那儿就给你来信。（一般现在时） As soon as I went in, Kate cried out with pleasure. 我一进门，Kate 就高兴的叫起来。（一般过去时） 14. could 与 can 的区别 could 与 can 都是情态动词，could 是 can 的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求。但是用法稍有 不同。 can 表示一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈，上级对下级的场合； Can you tell us your story , Tony ? could 表示有礼貌的请求，语气委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈，下级对上级的场合。 Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia ? 15.borrow 和 lend 都可译为“借”，但用法不同。 （1）borrow v. “借，借入；借用”. 常用结构为： borrow sth. from sb.或 borrow one’s sth.意为“向某人借某物”。 （2）lend v. “借出；借给”，常用结构为：lend sb. sth. 或 lend sth. to sb. 意为“借给某人某 物”。 （3）borrow 和 lend 均为非延续性动词，若表达借某物多长时间时，不能用 borrow 或 lend, 而要用 keep, 意为“保存；保留”。 16.develop 发展；壮大 a developed country 发达国家 a developing country 发展中国家 17.drop （drops；dropping；dropped）（意外地）落下，掉下，使落下 Be careful not to drop that plate.小心别把盘子摔了。 I dropped my glasses and broke them. 我不小心把眼镜掉下来摔碎了 drop （drops；dropping；dropped）（使）变弱，降低，减少 The temperature dropped (to 50 degrees).温度下降了（到了 50 度）。 The team has dropped [=fallen] to third place. 这个队已降至第三名。 She dropped her voice .她压低了声音。 第四单元 一、重点短语 have free time 有空闲时间 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架 until midnight 直到半夜 talk to sb. 与某人交谈 too many 太多 study too much 学得过多 get enough sleep 有足够的睡眠 write sb. a letter 给某人写信 call sb. up 打电话给某人 surprise sb. 令某人惊讶 look through 翻看 be angry with sb. 生某人的气 a big deal 重要的事 work out 成功地发展；解决 get on with 和睦相处 fight a lot 经常吵架/打架 hang over 笼罩 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 so that 以便 mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事 all the time 一直 in future 今后 make sb. angry 使某人生气 worry about sth. 担心某事 copy one’ s homework 抄袭某人的作业 be oneself 做自己 family members spend time alone 独自消磨时光 give sb. pressure 给某人施压 have a fight w ith sb. 与某人吵架 compete w ith sb. 与某人竞争 free time activities 业余活动 get better grades 取得更好的成绩 give one’ s opinion 提出某人的观点 learn exam skills 学习应试技巧 practice sports 体育训练 cause stress 造成压力 cut out 删除 二、重点句型 1. I studied until mid night last night so I didn't get enough sleep. 我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。 2. Why don 't you forget about it? 你为什么不忘掉它呢？ 3. Although she ’ s wrong , it's not a big deal. 虽然她错了，但这并不是什么大事儿。 4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say he’s sorry. 他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。 5. May be you could go to his house. 也许你可以去他家。 第五单元 一、重点短语 make sure 确信;确认 beat against... 拍打… … fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着 die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 wake up 醒来 in a mess 一团糟 break...apart 使……分离 in times of difficulty 在困难的时候 at the time of 当.......时候 go off (闹钟)发出响声 take a hot shower 洗热水澡 miss the bus 错过公交车 pick up 接电话 bring... together 使……靠拢 in the area 在这个地区 miss the event 错过这个事件 by the side of the road 在路边 the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线 walk by 走路经过 make one's way to. 在某人去……的路上 hear the news 听到这个消息 important events in history 历史上的重大事件 for example 例如 be killed 被杀害 a school pupil 一个小学生 on the radio 通过广播 in silence 沉默；无声 more recently 最近地；新近 the World Trade Center 世贸中心 take down 拆除；摧毁 have meaning to 对……有意义 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 at first 首先；最初 二、单元知识点归纳 1.wind 可以用 strong ,much, little 等, 说明风的程度或力量。 rain 常用 heavy，heavily 修饰。 2.beat/ win beat 打败，战胜,后接(比赛，战斗，辩论等的对手) 人或集体。 Win 打败，赢，战胜，后接(比赛，战斗，辩论，奖品，钱等)事或物。 3.My brother and I went out right away to have a look. 一般情况人称代词单数排列顺序是: 第二人称→第三人陈→第一人称。即：you and I; you and he; he and I; you, he and I 一般情况人称代词复数排列顺序是: 第一人称→第二人称→第三人称。即：We and you ; we and they; we, you and they; 4.go to sleep , be asleep , fall asleep, get to sleep. go to sleep 去睡觉 be asleep / fall asleep 睡着,入睡 get to sleep.睡着,入眠 第六单元 一、重点短语 work on doing sth. 致力于做某事 as soon as ...... 一……就….... once upon a time 从前 continue to do sth. 继续做某事 make sth. happen 使某事发生 try to do sth. 试图做某事 the journey to sp. ……之旅 tell the/a story 讲故事 put on 穿上 a little b it 有点儿 keep doing sth. 坚持做某事 give up 放弃 instead of 代替；反而 turn ... into 变成 get married 结婚 the main character 主要人物；主人公 at other times 在另外一些时候 be able to 能;会 come out (书、电影等)出版 become interested in. 对……感兴趣 walk to the other side 走到另一边去 a fa iry tale 一个神话故事 the rest of the story 故事的其余部分 leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事 go to sleep 去睡觉 lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地 get lost 迷路 tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事 in the moonlight 在月光下 find one's way home 找到某人回家的路 the next day 第二天 send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地 二、重点句型 1. What do you think about/of... ? So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong? 你觉得愚公的故事怎么样？ 2. It doesn't seem +adj. to do sth .. I t doesn't seem very possible to move -a mountain. 把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。 3. This is because... This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出 72 种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。 4.…so… that+从句 Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. 有时候，他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小，以至于可以放在耳朵里。 5.It take sb. some time to do sth .. Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 这些（山）太高了，他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。 6.not... until 十从句 Don’ t eat it until you get to the forest. 你们到达森林之后才能吃。 第七单元 一、重点短语 as big as 与……一样大 one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一 feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事 as far as I know 据我所知 man-made objects 人造物体 part of... ...... 的组成部分 the highest mountain 最高的山脉 in the w orld 在世界上 any other mountain 其他任何一座山 of a ll the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中 run along 跨越… … freezing weather 冰冻的天气 take in air 呼吸空气 the firs t people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人 in the face of difficulties 面临危险 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 achieve one's dream 实现某人的梦想 the forces of nature 自然界的力量 reach the top 到达顶峰 even though 虽然;尽管 at b irth 在出生的时候 be awake 醒着 run over w ith excitement 兴奋地跑过去 walk into sb. 撞到某人 fall over 摔倒 take care of 照顾;照料 every two years 每两年 cut down the forests 砍伐林木 endangered animals 濒危动物 fewer and fewer pandas 大熊猫越来越少 be in danger 处于危险之中 the importance of saving these animals 拯救这些动物的重要性 二、重点句型 1.It is + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth. It is also very hard to take in a ir as you get near the top. 当你接近山顶时，连呼吸都会困难。 2....is because... One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 其中的一个主要的原因是人们想要在面临困难时挑战自己。 3. ...show(s) that... The spirit of these climbers shows us that weshould never give up tryin g to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神向我们证明：我们永远都不应该放弃实现自己的梦想。 4.Although. Although Japan is older than Canada，it is much smaller. 虽然日本比加拿大有更悠久的历史，但是日本比加拿大小多了。 5.sb. spend tim e/money doing sth. A d u lt pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo. 第八单元 一、重点短语 on page 25 在第 25 页 the back of the book 书的背面 hurry up 赶快;匆忙 in two weeks 在两周之内 go out to sea 出海 an island full of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿 write about 写作关于……的内容 finish doing sth. 做完某事 wait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来 learn to do sth. 学会做某事 grow fruits and vegetables 种水果和蔬菜 a few weeks ago 几个星期前 the m arks of another m an’ s feet 另一个人的脚印 not long after that 不久之后 run towards sp. 跑向某地 use... to do sth. 用……来做某事 signs le ft behind by someone 某人留下的标记 read the newspaper 看报 science fiction 科幻小说 can't w ait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事 a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法 number of people 人数 used to do sth. (过去)常常做某事 study abroad 在国外学习 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 come to realize 开始意识到 the southern states of America 美国的南部地区 belong to 属于 be kind to each other 善待彼此 trust one another 互相信任 the beauty of nature 大自然的美 have been to sp. 去过某地 do some research on sth. 对……做研究 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 see sb.do sth. 看到某人做某事 the first line in the song 歌曲的第一行 enjoy success in 享受……的成功 at the end of the day 傍晚的时候 二、重点句型 1.Has... yet? — Has T in a read Treasure Island yet? 蒂娜读过《金银岛》这本书吗？ — Yes, she has. She thinks it's fantastic. 是的，她读过。她觉得它很棒。 2.Would you like ... ? W ould you like something to drink? 你要来点喝的吗？ 3.I heard... I heard you lost your key. 我听说你丢钥匙了。 4....came to realize how much... She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them. 她开始意识到，事实上她是多么想念他们所有的人。 第九单元 一、重点短语 1.the film /space / history/ art / museum 电影/太空/历史/艺术博物馆 2.water/ amusement park 水上公园/游乐场 3.take the subway 乘地铁 4.have a great time 过得愉快 5.go skating/ boating/ shopping/ swimming/ fishing/kiting/hunting/hiking 去滑冰/划船/购物/游 泳/钓鱼/放风筝/打猎/远足 6.old movie cameras 古老的电影摄影机 7.put up a tent 搭帐篷 8.a very unusual museum 一个不寻常的博物馆 9.the International Museum of Toilets 国际马桶博物馆 10.encourage somebody to do something 鼓励某人做某事 11.the Hangzhou National Tea Museum 杭州国家茶博物馆 12.a relaxing and peaceful place 一个令人放松并且宁静的地方 13.tea art performances 茶艺表演 14.make a perfect cup of tea 沏一杯完美的茶 15.tea sets 茶具 16.a couple of times 两次 17.a boat ride 乘船（名词短语） 18.take a ride on the boat 乘船（动词短语） 19.in Southeast Asia 在东南亚 20.thousands of …许多…，成千上万的… 21.take a holiday 度假 22.on the one hand…, on the other hand….一方面…, 另一方面… 23.an English-speaking country 一个说英语的国家 24.all year round 全年 25.during the daytime 在白天 26.be close to…与…关系很亲密，离…很近 27.one way that you’ve used 一个你曾用过的方法 28.one invention that you have found 一个你曾发现的发明 29.one thing that you have had 一件你曾拥有过的东西 30.camp in the mountains 在山中野营 31.a nice place to enjoy tea 一个品茶的好地方 32.the Terracotta Army 兵马俑 33.Night Safari 夜间动物园 34.three quarters 四分之三 35.right now 现在；目前 36.an amusement park with a special theme 一个有特别的主题的游乐园 37.walk around the park 在公园里到处走 38.hear of 听说 39.another province 另一个省 40.the Bird’s Nest 鸟巢 41.social groups 社会团体 42.in such a rapid way 以如此迅猛的方式 43.different kinds of 各种各样的 44.development of toilets 厕所的发展 45.go somewhere different 去不同的地方 46.in the past 在过去 47.be far from 离……远 48.in the dark 在黑暗中 二、单元知识点归纳 1. I learned about the inventions that led to color movies, too. 我还了解了一些发明，它们成就 了彩色电影。 此处 learn 是“了解；获知；得知”的意思，由介词 about 或 of 引入所获知的具体内容。例如： The children were all shocked to learn of the death of their headmaster. 得知校长去世，孩子们 都十分震惊。 I only learned about the accident later. 我只是后来才得知了事故的情况。 2.I’ve never been camping. 我从未野营过。 此句为现在完成进行时。这一时态的结构为“have been + 现在分词”，表示从过去某一时刻 延续至今的动作。在本句中，说话人使用这一时态来强调自己至今从未有过野营的经历，欠 缺这方面的经验。又如： He’s been watching TV all afternoon. 他一下午都在看电视。 We’ve been living like this ever since the birth of my little brother. 自打我小弟弟出生，我们就一直这样生活。 The most interesting museum I’ve been to is the American Computer Museum. 3.多音节词和部分双音节形容词最高级加 most 构成，前面加 the。如: the most beautiful girl The old computers were much bigger. much 可修饰形容词比较级，表示……得多。 如: much richer a little, even, a bit 也可以修饰形容词比较级。 4.I wonder how much more computer will be able to do in the future. 不知道将来电脑还能够做些什么事情呢。 1)wonder 表示“ (对某事)感到疑惑；想要知道；想弄明白；琢磨”, 后面常接由 what, how, who 或者 if/whether 引导的宾语从句。 I wonder how they’re getting on. 我想知道他们现在过得怎样。 I just wonder if they’ve arrived safely. 我就想知道他们是否安全抵达了。 2) 此句从句部分的原始结构是: How much more will computers be able to do in the future? 是对陈述句 Computers will be able to do (much) more in the future.(电脑将来能够做更多的事 情。)的提问。由于充当了宾语从句, 疑问结构改成了陈述结构: how much more computers will be able to do in the future, 即: 将助动词还原到陈述句的位置。 I don’t know when he will come. 我不知道他什么时候来。 I don't know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪里。 5.It also encourages governments and social groups to think about ways to… encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 e.g. My father encouraged me to take part in the sports meeting. 父亲鼓励我参加运动会。 6.Watching the tea preparation is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea itself. 看沏茶的过程和饮茶本身一样令人愉快。 -able 是一个典型的形容词后缀, 可加在动词之后, 表示“可…的；能够…的”。 此 处 enjoyable( 能 使 人 快 乐 的 ； 令 人 愉 快 的 ) 便 是 一 例 , 再 如 :drinkable( 可 饮 用 的 ), washable(可洗的), readable(可读的), usable(可用的；可使用的)等等。 7.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 比较：I have seen the film.. 我看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容） I saw the film last month. 我上个月看了这部电影。(只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现 在情况） ①一般过去时只强调过去的动作；现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响。 ②一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用；现在完成时则不能与表示过去的时间状语 连用。 ③一般过去时单纯表示过去的经历；现在完成时表示过去的动作或状态延续到现在并可能 持续下去。 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now… 共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this summer, before, already, … 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years, … 8.…more than three quarters of the population are Chinese… quarter n. 四分之一；一刻钟 I've got to go in a quarter of an hour... 一刻钟以后我就得走了。 three quarters 四分之三 9.May be you fear that you won’t… fear v. 害怕；担心 e.g. Many people fear change because they do not like the old ways to be changed. 很多人惧怕变化，因为他们不喜欢旧有的生活方式被改变。 10.A lot of animals only wake up at night… wake v. 醒来；唤醒 (woke woken) e.g. She went upstairs to wake John. 她上楼去叫醒 John。 三、必背句子 1.I learned about the inventions that led to color movies, too. 我还了解了一些发明,它们成就 了彩色电影。 2.The most interesting museum I’ve ever been to is the American Computer Museum.我曾经参 观过的最有趣的博物馆是美国计算机博物馆。 3.It’s unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way!技术以如此迅速的方式 进步真是令人难以置信。 4.I wonder how much more computers will be able to do in the future.我想知道，未来计算机还 能做多少工作呢。 5.I just couldn’t believe my eyes when I saw so many different kinds of toilets there.当我在那儿 看到如此多不同种类的马桶时，我不能相信自己的眼睛。 6.Watching the tea preparation is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea itself.观看泡茶过程与喝 茶本身一样让人愉快。 7.I’ve finally realized why my grandpa loves drinking tea and collecting tea sets.我已最终意识到 了为什么我的爷爷热爱喝茶和收藏茶具了。 8.In Singapore, however, you’ll find a lot of food from China; you won’t have any problem getting rice, boodles or dumplings.然而，在新加坡，你会发现许多中国食物；在那里，吃米饭，面条 和饺子一点都不成问题。 9.Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, you’ll find it all in Singapore!无 论你喜欢印度食品，西方食品还是日本食品，在新加坡，你都会找到。 10.Most large cities have zoos, but have you ever been to a zoo at night?大多数的大城市都有动 物园，但是，你曾经晚上去过动物园么？ 11.However, if you go to see lions, tigers or foxes during the daytime, they’ll probably be asleep! 然而，假如你白天去看狮子，老虎或狐狸，也许它们都在睡觉。 12.A lot of animals only wake up at night, so this is the best time to watch them.许多动物都在晚 上醒来，所以这是一个观看它们的最好时机。 13.This is because the island is so close to the equator.这是因为这个岛如此接近赤道。 14.So you can choose go to whenever you like--- spring, summer, autumn or winter.所以你可以 选择你喜欢的任何时间去，春天，夏天，秋天或冬天。 第十单元 一、重点短语 1.check out… 看看… 查看… 2.junior high school 初中 3.slept next to the monkey 挨着猴（玩具）睡 4.as for me 就我来说 5.to be honest 老实说，说实在的 6.concert hall 音乐大厅 7.have a yard sale 举行家庭式的拍卖会 8.brink back sweet memories 勾起甜美回忆 9.people in need 急需…的人们 10.in need of something 需要… 11.not… anymore=no more 不再 12.no longer=not…any longer 不再 13.an old bread maker 一个旧的面包机 14.fit somebody 适合于某人 15.the Sunshine Home for Children 儿童阳光之家 16.a bit old 有点旧 17.board games 棋类游戏 18.clear out a lot of things form our bedrooms 从我们的卧室清理出许多东西 19.for a while 一会儿 20.for a long time 很长时间 21.have a dog=keep a dog 养狗 22.miss their hometown a lot 很思念他们的故乡 23.hope to do something 希望做…… 24.restaurant down the street 这条街上的饭店 25.hometown feelings 故乡情 26.once or twice a year 一年一两次 27.search for…=look for…寻找 28.the mid-20th century 20 世纪中期 29.stay the same 保持不变，保持相同的样子 30.according to Zhong Wei= in Zhong Wei’s opinion 依钟伟看来 31.a big old tree opposite the school=a big old tree across from the school 学校对面的一棵大古 树 32.consider…as…=regard…as…把…看成… 33.a symbol of the place 这个地方的象征 34.in my time 我的时代 35.a happy childhood 幸福的童年 36.the past 13 years=the last 13 years 过去的 13 年 37.in order to do something 为了做…… 38.do something with... 处置…;处理… 39.so far 迄今;到现在为止 40.toy monkey 玩具猴 41.part with …与……分开 42.regard with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着 二、单元知识点归纳 1.Among these is Zhang Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father. Among prep.在（其）中，...之一 She sat among the children. 辨析：Among 与 between 的区别： among 一般用于三者或三者以上的，其宾语通常是表示笼统数量或有复数意义的名词或代 词。 Between 一般指两者之间，其宾语往往是一个具体数目的人或物，或者是由 and 连接的两 个具体的人或物。 46-year-old 作定语，为复合形容词，意为“46 岁的” “数次+名词+形容词”组成的复合形容词只作前置定语，不能作表语。 2.In my hometown, there was a big old tree opposite the school. Opposite prep.与......相对，在......对面，相当于 across from The post office is opposite the bank. Opposite adj. 对面的，另一边的 They have opposite views on the question. Opposite n. 对立面，对立物 Black is the opposite of white. Opposite adv. 在对面 They sat opposite on the lawn. 3.New buildings are often built by the government. 被动语态，其结构为“be 动词+及物动词的过去分词”。 Can the magazines be taken out of the reading room? by 介词，意为“被，由” This bridge was built by the soldiers. By 的其他用法： 介词，用，靠，通过，表示方式或手段，后跟名词、代词、动名词。 Mr.Green makes a living by teaching. 副词，经过（某人、某物） He went by the supermarket on his way to school. 介词，在...旁边，在...附近 Our teacher was sitting by the window. 介词，在...之前，不迟于... I can finish doing my homework by 6 o’clock. 介词，乘... I usually go to school by bike. 4.Since 自从，自......以来 用来说明动作的起始时间，后面常跟时间点或过去时态的句子，如 yesterday,last year,I was seven years old.等。 For 用来说明动作延续的时间长度，后面常跟时间段，如 three years, two hours, a long time 等。 He has known my brother for two years. He has lived here since 2000. 5.I’ve had this magazine for a couple of months. a couple of 其一，表示具体的数量“两个”，指两个相同的人或物，其二，表示数量不定的“少 数几个”，作这种虚指的用法时，具体意思往往视具体的语境而决定。 You have to wait for a couples of hours for the clothes to dry completely. Look! There are a couple of boys waiting for you at the door. 6.And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids. Check out 察看，观察， check v.检查，审查；n.支票，账单 If you finish your papers,check it out by yourself first. 7. ...but,to be honest, I have not played for a while now. to be honest 是英语口语中一个常用表达，表示“说实话，老实说”。 英语中类似的表达还有：to be frank, 意思是“坦率地说”。 To be honest, I don’t like him very much. To be perfectly frank, I think that’s crazy idea. 8.It's a shame, but I just don't have the time... It's a shame 是一种常见的口语表达，表示一种不如人愿的情形，意思是“真遗憾，多可惜。” 其后可接不定式或由 that 引导的从句。 --I didn’t have enough money to buy the guitar I wanted. --It's a shame. shame 还可表示“（因做错事而感到的）羞愧；惭愧” His face burned with shame. 9.What do they want to do with the money from the sale? do with 意为“处理；应付” We must learn to do with all kinds of difficulties by ourselves. do with 与 deal with 的区别 do with 常与连接代词 what 连用，deal with 常与连接副词 how 连用。 10.As for me, I didn't want to give up my football shirts. as for 意为“至于；就......而言”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 As for me, I have nothing to say. give up 放弃。 11.I used to return home at least once a year, but I haven't been back for almost three years now. Used to 过去常常 return 返回，相当于 get back 12.According to Zhong Wei, however,some things will never change. according to 依据，按照，to 为介词，后面可跟代词、名词、从句。 Which of the following is true according to this passage? 三、必背句子 As they get bigger our house seems to get smaller.随着他们的长大，我们的房子看起来变小了。 We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use.我们已经决定，每一笑交易卖 5 样我们不再用的东西。 Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed.许多 象钟伟一样的人都带着极大的兴趣关注着他们的家乡已经发生了怎样的变化。 Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories.艾米想留着她的旧 东西，因为它们勾起甜美的回忆。 You can also give old things away to people in need.你也可以把旧东西捐赠给急需的人们。 You can have it for 75cents.花 75 分，你就可以拥有它了。 My mom's had it for a long time but it still works.我妈妈已拥有它很长时间了，但它一直都正常 工作（运转）。 My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with certain toys.我女儿 更懂事，尽管和某些更具分手也让她感到不悲伤。 Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.当前，许许多 多的中国人离开乡村到城里面找工作。 Among these is Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father.这些人中就有钟伟，一个 46 岁的 丈夫与父亲。 With a hard job in a crayon factory, he doesn't find much time to visit his hometown.由于蜡笔厂 的艰辛工作，他没有找到多少时间回到他的家乡。（with 结构表原因） I used to return home at least once a year, but I haven't been back for almost three years now.我 曾经至少每看回一次家，但是现在，我几乎已三年没回过家了。 Our hometown has left many soft and sweet memories in our hearts.我们的家乡已经在我们的 心中留下了温馨而甜美的回忆。 But he also thinks some things will never change, and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood memories.但他也认为有些东西永不会变，他的家乡依然是那个留着他所有 童年记忆的地方。